HU212261B - Method for producing of mineral material contain fertilizer composition - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an environmentally friendly mineral fertilizer composition.

Plants absorb nutrients from fertilizers with good efficiency.

There are many fertilizers on the market in Hungary. However, there is no environmentally friendly, high performance, balanced release and cheap fertilizer.

The most important macro, field and micro elements are found in different chemical bonds in soils. These nutrients are not, or only partially, available to plants.

Thus, the function of artificial fertilizer application is to meet the current phenophase biological needs of the crop plants.

Plants cannot absorb nutrients from all dressings. The uptake of nutrients is by material flow and diffusion. As a result of the rain, they move downward from the root system.

In the soil, both organic and inorganic constituents belong to colloids by size. Colloidal systems are biphasic or multiphase systems in which the size of a material in any direction of space is between 1 mm and 1 τημ. According to one or two or three dimensions of the material falling within the colloidal size range, we refer to laminar, fibrillary, and corpuscular colloidal disperse systems.

In the case of laminar and fibrillar colloids, particle fragmentation is called diffusion, while in the case of corpuscular colloids it is called dispersion.

Colloidal systems are primarily characterized by their large surface area. The particles in the colloidal system may be of the same size - this is the homodisperse system, or if the particles are of different sizes, it is a polydisperse system. In the case of soils, a polydisperse system always develops.

The researchers found that an electric bilayer formed on the colloidal surface. The electric bilayer creates a potential difference between the surface of the colloid and the solution, which is called surface potential.

The surface of soil colloids can be classified as heterogeneous surfaces, ie they have apolar and active sites. The active radicals formed at the edges of the layers of clay minerals are capable of adsorption of = SiOH and = A1OH cation and anion (STEFANOVITS P., Talajtan, 1975, Mg. Publisher Budapest, pp. 79-108).

Soil nutrients suffer losses. For example, leaching can result in 20-30% nitrogen loss. In the case of nitrogen, another source of loss is denitrification. Denitrification increases with an increase in oxygen deficiency and an increase in soil moisture. The above usually occurs on acidic soils between pH 4-6.

Nitrogen loss by denitrification can reach 35-55% of the fertilizer content.

Additive fertilizers are known in the Hungarian literature to reduce nitrogen loss, but the novel controlled release fertilizer composition of the present invention differs significantly from these.

Nitrogen supply of well-structured, well-cultivated and well-composed soils has 3 factors. in equal proportions: 1/3 of the amount of free nitrogen in the air (N-fixation), 1/3 partly of the plant residues and organic fertilizers left in the soil and finally 1/3 of the nitrogen fertilizers.

It can be stated that the nitrogen management of soils depends to a great extent on the biological activity of soils, but the role of the mineral, especially silicates, is not negligible.

Phosphate ion is required from the beginning of plant development to the full maturity of the seed. Phosphate-containing nucleoprotides are involved in protein structure, cell division and all important metabolic functions.

Phosphorus supply to plants is partly provided by phosphates released into the soil. The degree of phosphorus mobilization or immobilization is controlled by soil pH, colloidal chemical properties, humus content, pH, water-air ratio and the function of microorganisms.

This also applies to the mobilization or immobilization of nitrogen and potassium nutrients.

The amount of phosphorus that can be taken up is different in the acidic and alkaline media. An important amount that can be absorbed in an acidic medium is always reduced, because if the concentration of free Al ³⁺ ions in the soil increases, some of the phosphate ions will precipitate in the form of insoluble PO ₄ A1 x 2H ₂ O. Aluminum phosphates of different compositions are formed depending on the pH of the soil.

Due to the interaction of soil and phosphatic fertilizers, only a relatively small proportion of the active ingredient of phosphatic fertilizers can be absorbed by plants.

Our research also aimed to increase the efficiency of phosphorus-containing fertilizers.

We have gained good experiences with diatomaceous earth and silica. relating to the phosphorus mobilizing effect of silica phosphate fertilizers. This series of experiments was conducted on three soil types: grassland, meadow grass and Raman forest soil.

Important amounts of soil soluble (readily available to the plant) in soil are low relative to the amount of poorly soluble fractions.

Cereals are known to absorb 10-15 kg / ha of phosphorus in pure P from soil. However, the average phosphorus content in the soil itself is 0.040 kg / ha.

5 to 10 times the required amount of nutrient supply should be provided to provide the plant with the above 10-15 kg / ha. An overdose is necessary because 60-70% of an overdose is absorbed. Most phosphorus is bound in a very short time and becomes unabsorbable.

Surprisingly, in our experiments, the addition of silicon compounds to phosphorus promoted the absorption of phosphorus.

HU 212 261 A

Potassium is released from weathering of orthoclase, mica, leucite, glauconite and amphibole minerals in the soil.

The soil binds loosely to the surface of colloids. Therefore, the concepts of uptake potassium and exchangeable potassium are roughly the same. In potassium-poor soils, illite clay is largely converted to montmorillonite. When potassium fertilizers are used, most of the potassium is incorporated into the lattice layers of the oscillating mica-like clay and reconstructed. Even stronger potassium fertilization can turn illite into muscovite. In this case, the added potassium is in an unacceptable state. It also reduces potassium uptake by more than 20% lime in the soil. Completely prevents the inclusion of large amounts of active lime. This causes a potassium deficiency called potassium chlorosis. [Z .: Fekete: Soil Science and Fertilization (Mg. Publisher 1958, Bp. 359-372)].

The mechanism of potassium mobilization can be interpreted as the binding of silicate ions to the surfaces, so that the silicate ions adhere to the clay or other soil minerals to form a thin layer which increases the possibility of cation bonding. Because potassium ions bonded to the surface of silica gels are easier to mobilize than potassium bound in the clay lattice.

Our invention is based on the discovery, on the one hand, that if zeolite happens to be clinoptilolite, mordenite, and diatomaceous earth minerals in the fertilizer mixture, it will reduce nitrogen loss and, consequently, be able to utilize plants more efficiently, which can lead to more crops. Potassium and phosphorus components are also more controlled in plants.

On the other hand, clinoptilolite has a hitherto unknown environmentally friendly effect by binding harmful heavy metals, radioactive substances such as cesium and strontium.

The present invention therefore relates to a process for the preparation of an environmental mineral fertilizer composition, characterized in that the admixture comprising clinoptilolite and / or mordenite and / or diatomaceous earth is present in an amount of from 1 to 10% by weight.

(a) in the case of a known powdered NPK fertilizer mixture, or

(b) in the case of a known suspension of NPK fertilizer, or

(c) in the case of a known liquid NPK fertilizer mixture,

d) in the case of known granulated NPK fertilizer mixture, mixed and formulated in known manner.

In the process, it is preferable to pre-treat the additive components with 1-10% by weight hydrochloric acid and then at a temperature of 100-350 ° C.

The composition preferably contains 2575% by weight of clinoptilolite, or 25-75% by weight of mordenite and 20-40% by weight of diatomaceous earth, or 1030% by weight of dolomite.

The composition according to the invention has a triple action, on the one hand allowing the controlled fertilizers (N, P, K) described above and on the other hand the mineral additive can simultaneously bind the harmful heavy metal content of the soil and even the radioactive strontium and cesium isotopes.

A further advantage of the composition according to the invention is that it is effective in controlling pH and improving soil structure.

Another advantageous feature is that the additive also contains crude phosphate due to its diatomaceous earth content.

The effective application rate of the composition according to the invention is 250-350 kg / ha.

The results of experiments to verify the yield growth and the efficiency of heavy metal bonding are presented in the following examples.

Example 1

For liquid NPK fertilizers, the following additive composition is mixed in 5% by weight:

100 μm clinoptilolite 50 wt% mordenite 20 wt% diatomaceous earth 30 wt%

Preparation of agricultural land

At a total application rate of 320 kg / ha as opposed to similar amounts of conventional N, P, K fertilizer treatments, the following was applied.

Signaling plant: winter wheat, triticale, excess crop after treatment

control Traditional treatment Handled Crop surplus t / ha % Winter wheat MV22 6.5 t / ha 7.4 t / ha 0.90 10.6 triticale 5.9 t / ha 6.5 t / ha 0.60 10.1 Average grain yield 0.75 10.4

Example 2

The formulation was used in the same manner as in Example 1.

Signaling plant: winter barley and spring barley, excess crop after treatment

control Traditional treatment Handled Crop surplus t / ha % Autumn barley Kompolti 3.2 t / ha 4.0 t / ha 0.8 25 Spring barley 2.6 t / ha 3.3 t / ha 0.7 26 Average surplus of barley: 1.05 25.5

Example 3

The formulation was used in the same manner as in Example 1.

Signaling plant: oil sunflower and edible sunflower, excess crop after treatment.

HU 212 261 A

control Traditional treatment Treatment t / ha Crop surplus t / ha % Oil sunflower 3.6 t / ha 4.3 t / ha 0.7 t / ha 19.4 Eating sunflower 3.2 t / ha 4.1 t / ha 0.9 t / ha 28.1

In the area treated with the environmentally friendly fertilizer according to the present invention, the above data resulted in a visible excess of the crop, using the same amount of fertilizer in the treated and control area.

It has also been found that using 6-11% by weight of less formulation can provide the same amount of fruit.

Studies were also carried out on the binding of a toxic element of the composition of the invention, which clearly showed that all of the zeolites tested were active in the same way.

The average Cd binding capacity of the soil was more than an order of magnitude higher than that of the clinoptilolite Cd used in the additive of the preparation.

The clinoptilolite tested is capable of binding the total amount of cesium up to about 200 g / kg clinoptilolite. For strontium this value is approx. 20-25 gg sr / g clinoptilolite.

Advantages of the composition according to the invention:

- increases yields more than conventional N, P, K fertilizers, with an average of around 20%,

- it can simultaneously accumulate toxic metals and radioactive isotopes in soil through its additive,

- the production process can be easily integrated into a conventional fertilizer production process.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS 1.) A process for the preparation of an environmentally friendly mineral fertilizer composition comprising: Particle size 0.1-1000 gm - preferably pretreated 1-10% by weight of an additive mixture containing clinoptilolite and / or mordenite and / or diatomaceous earth preferably 3-5% by weight (a) in the case of a known mixture of powdered N, P, K fertilizer, or (b) in the case of a known suspension of fertilizer N, P, K, or (c) in the case of a known liquid N, P, K fertilizer mixture, or d) mixed with known granulated N, P, K fertilizer mixtures and formulated in known manner. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the additives are pretreated with 1-10% by weight hydrochloric acid solution and then heated at a temperature of 100-350 ° C. 3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the additive mixture is 25-75% by weight of clinoptilolite or 25-75% by weight of mordenite and 20-40% by weight of diatomaceous earth or 10-30% by weight of dolomite. employed. Published by the Hungarian Patent Office, Budapest Responsible: Gyurcsekné Philipp Clarisse Head of Unit ARCANUM Databases - BUDAPEST