HU207557B - Building unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The building block (brick block) according to the invention comprises through holes (3, 7) and cavities (13, 14) and has grooves (9) and ribs (10) extending on the outside. The essence of the invention is that it has a central cross-hole (3) of square cross-section and a rectangular rectangular cross-section (4) with a rectangular cross-section (3) extending to at least two opposite sides, having a width (d) equal to with a central through hole (3) side length and a depth (d / 2) of half the size. In the region of the corners, there are two holes (7) having the same length and smaller width cross-section with the cross-sectional length (d) of the central through hole (3), which are geometric center axes (perpendicular to the corner points of the building block) perpendicular to the long sides of the latter cross-sections extending the quarter (m / 4) of the length (m) of the shortest sides (m) of the cross-sectional view of the building block and being delimited by a breakthrough wall portion (17) having a thickness of less than half the side length (d) of the central through hole (3); . EN 207 557 B Scope of the description: 8 pages (including 2 sheets)

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a building block which is of a brick block type and is particularly advantageous for the production of prefabricated brick panels but can be used directly for the production of either main walls or partitions.

In recent decades, the use of prefabricated brick panel structures for the construction of buildings of various purposes has become increasingly widespread throughout Europe.

For building structures made of reinforced concrete panels, unfavorable building physical properties have become evident, which have deteriorated the microclimate either in the dwelling or in other premises. The problems were mainly related to façade walls made of sandwich structure reinforced concrete panels with poor vapor diffusion capability, but it is well known that concrete panels give a bad temperature to all other walls.

By using brick panels, the designers sought to combine the benefits of large-scale prefabricated and fast panel construction with the favorable building physics properties of the brick material and structure.

In the western part of Europe, concrete-panel buildings have long been unsaleable on the residential market, while demand for brick-panel buildings is close to demand for conventional-brick structures.

The brick panels and the blocks used to make them have to meet a number of requirements in order to meet the requirements of fast and productive construction. For example, a hole must be formed for insertion; wall panels must have vertical, continuous lifting hooks and, in some cases, horizontal reinforcement; sealing without vertical mortar along vertical gaps between adjacent bricks; structural and gap-tight panel connections should be established; connection reinforcements must be made for the various nodes or for connecting two or three or four panels; appropriate nodal detailing shall be provided at the junctions with other structures (eg reinforced concrete wall panel, reinforced concrete frame structure, etc.); structural solutions shall be able to adapt to different panel lengths and aperture sizes; a solution must be provided for the creation of triggers, bridges, pillars and coffees, as well as slabs, wreaths, wreath-walling, cornices and the like.

The optimal solution for the above tasks is essentially dependent on the design of the brick block used as the base element for the panel. Various brick blocks are used for the currently known brick panels (see, for example, DIN Mauerwerk-Bauten aus Ziegelfertigbauteilen, 1978), which correspond in part to conventional hand-masonry blocks and partly to modified building blocks. The most common type of brick blocks used for paneling are the two opposite side panels of the brick block, and the rectangle itself has an internal through hole of rectangular cross-section, which serves both make panel lifting hooks.

In practice, brick blocks of various sizes are used which, like brick, are sized and shaped according to the production gauge, but other dimensions are also taken into account, such as the required thermal insulation of the outer wall, the thickness of the walls. Usually three types of walls are made, namely the facade wall, the inner load-bearing wall and the partition wall. For the three types of wall, masonry blocks of various sizes and shapes and other ancillary elements (for example, corner pieces) are used, usually four to six types; if fewer types of masonry blocks are available, the exact block sizes, cuts, grooves, etc. for the nodes, joints, and generally to solve the structural problems listed in the introduction. labor and material intensive sawing and milling. While such methods are acceptable for small-scale, hand-crafted manufacturing, they are disadvantageous in large-scale production because of their slowness and high labor demand.

In the currently known brick block panel systems, most of the auxiliary and auxiliary structures (e.g., trigger, wound closure, etc.) are built individually and with a material other than the brick panel. Triggers above openings, for example, are usually made of monolithic reinforced concrete with an insulating material other than brick. In many cases, these unique structures and "foreign" materials do not meet the required requirements, for example, neither the thermal insulation nor the vapor diffusion property of the mentioned foreign insulated triggers is satisfactory, or the brick wall is not in harmony.

German Patent Specification 3,338,130 discloses a two-part building block, one of which functions as a load-bearing unit and the other comprises ducts. It is intended for the construction of wall structures that do not require additional insulation. Brick block panels cannot be made economically from such blocks.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a building block which allows the structural details and nodes of brick panel buildings to be executed without the use of foreign materials, with minimal labor and material loss, while fully satisfying the building physical and structural requirements.

The invention is based on the discovery that, when the block blocks are formed with side grooves corresponding to the size of the central rectangular hole, some of which are located behind the easy-to-break material layer produced during manufacture, the shape of the block blocks and the

EN 207 557 Β all the brick shapes that are needed on site to form the connection of the various brick panels to each other and to the construction of certain structural parts can be created. Such brick blocks can also be used to make on-site additional - hand-built - masonry units.

Based on these findings, the object of the present invention has been solved by the use of a building block (brick block) having grooves and ribs with through holes and cavities extending on its outer side and characterized by:

- a central through hole of rectangular cross-section and a rectangular cross-section grooved in at least two opposite sides and extending in line with the central through hole and having a depth equal to half the size of the central through hole;

- in the region of the corners there are two through holes having the same cross-sectional area as the lateral section of the central through hole, the geometric center axes of which are perpendicular to the longitudinal sides of the building block They extend along the outer side and are delimited by a breakable wall portion having a thickness of less than half, preferably less than a quarter, of the central through hole. When viewed in an integral position, said cross-section is horizontal, said holes, channels, ribs and grooves are vertical, said grooves are located in the vertical median planes of the building element and the central hole is in the intersection of the vertical median planes.

In a preferred embodiment of the building element, the inner longer side of the through holes delimited by the breakable wall portion extends inward from the outer surface of the building element to a half of the side length of the central through hole.

It is also desirable to have an exemplary embodiment in which the ribs extending in height from one longitudinal side to the other are longitudinally aligned with these ribs and have a geometric center axis at a distance of a quarter of the length of the shorter side.

Finally, it is expedient to have rectangular cross-sectional holes in the centerline of the longitudinal cross-sectional sides of the building blocks, which are delimited by a breakable wall portion on the outside, having a length equal to the side length of the central through hole. Of course, such a design can only be present on a building element if there are no grooves on the long sides.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show some preferred embodiments of a building block (brick block) and illustrate structures made of brick block. 1 is a top plan view of a preferred embodiment of a building element according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic front view of a rectangular panel made up of building blocks according to the invention;

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic horizontal sectional view of a panel of panels made of building blocks according to the invention in larger scale;

Figure 4 is a detail of a partition made up of building blocks according to the invention;

Figures 5a and 5b show schematically cross-sectional views of the method of reinforcing bridges made of building blocks according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, the top of the building block is rectangular in its dimensions, its short side is denoted by the reference letter (zre) and its other side is 1.5 m long. The center (3) of the building block (brick block) has a through hole which is square; the square (d) has a side length. The shorter sides of the building block are provided with rectangular grooves (4) in the center, the depth (d / 2), the width (Δ), and the width of which is divided by the longitudinal vertical geometric center plane of the building block (x).

In the circumferential region (d) of the building block, narrow rectangular through holes (7,7a) are formed. Two of these holes (7) are located around the corners such that, viewed from the top, their axis perpendicular to their longer sides are at a distance from the corners (zw / 4). The intermediate holes (7a) are cut in plan view by the longitudinal vertical geometric center plane (y). The inner sides of the holes (7,7a) extend at a distance (d / 2) from the outer building plane, so that the holes (7,7a) have a length (d) and a depth (d / 2) when the wall portions (17) break through. develop. The location and size of the breakable holes (7, 7a) selected above allow for reinforced connections at the various wall panel or other structural junctions to be filled with on-site cement mortar. In accordance with the module system based on dimension (m), in addition to the dimensions chosen above, all connection tasks can be solved, taking into account the displacements in rows of brick joints.

In the wall portions (17) delimiting the holes (7) around the corners of the rectangle, a shallow depth [less than (d / 2)] (10) is recessed on one side and the same (( 7) ribs slightly protruding from the holes (9); their thickness is less than (d / 2).

The body of the building element has a plurality of through holes (13) which serve to increase the thermal insulation capacity of the building element. The cavities (14) extending in the longitudinal vertical geometric median planes (x and y) are also divisive cavities, provided that they facilitate a half or even a quarter of the block of da3.

EN 207 557 Β, and thus allow for the creation of offset vertical rows of bricks made of the same building block by brickwork.

It should be noted that the brick block according to Fig. 1 is only one embodiment of the building block according to the invention since, for example, there is also a solution within which the grooves (4) are in the middle of the long sides (instead of holes 7a). they are not embedded in the brick block body on the short sides (such panels are made of panels according to Figures 2 and 3), and even on each of the four sides there may be one (4) groove.

Figure 2 is a front view of a prefabricated brick block panel using the building blocks of Figure 1. The elements are visibly stacked so that vertical (1) channels are formed in the body of the panel, which, on the one hand, receive the lifting hooks (not shown), facilitate the mechanical movement of the panels and, on the other hand, enable vertical (2) also needed for structural reasons. It will be readily appreciated that through holes (d) having side lengths (3) aligned with module (m) of the wall system (shorter side length) and by slots (4) with depth (d / 2) and by wall portions (17) The side grooves of this size (Fig. 1), which are produced by the opening, create in each case continuous channels (1) which pass through the panel and thus pass through all the brick rows.

The panel extends sideways (6) with connecting elements (for example, eyelets, hooks, etc.), the function of which will be discussed below. In this embodiment, the panel comprises a window opening (19) which is replaced by the building element according to the invention itself or by reinforcing it in a larger scale in Fig. 5a. According to this, reinforcing steel inserts (8a) are placed in the grooves (4 ') formed by knocking out the corresponding wall portions (17) of the stationary building blocks (cf. Fig. 1). Figure 2). The actuator (20) of Fig. 5b diverges from the actuator (Fig. 5a) in that the building blocks (20) are stationary.

Figure 3 is a schematic top view of two panels (otherwise forming part of a facade wall) consisting of building blocks similar to Figure 1 [the difference being that in Figure 3, the building blocks are on the long sides of ( 4) notches], therefore, the previously used reference numerals and symbols are used in Figure 3, as appropriate. Figure 3 clearly shows that the adjacent grooves (4, 4 ') (the latter, as already indicated, were formed by knocking out wall portions closing the holes (7), denoted by reference numeral (17) in Figure 1) they open up to form closed channels which are filled with mortar (5). In one of these channels, the coupling elements (6) mentioned in the description of Fig. 2, which are, of course, also embedded in a mortar (5), form a force transfer connection between adjacent corner panels. Of course, not only the adjacent panels are joined together by filling the channels formed by facing the grooves (4) with the cement mortar, but also within one panel the adjacent building blocks (brick blocks), the ribs (9) and the grooves (10) of which are When placed next to each other, they fit into one another so that a vertical seal is formed without the need for grouting the vertical gaps. [The vertical reinforcing steel inserts (2) of Figures 2 and 3 are also embedded in a mortar. Between the sandy-ribbed joints, closed chambers (11) are formed which contribute to the thermal insulation of the panel. The degree of protrusion or recess of the ribs (9) and (10) is selected so as to provide, on the one hand, sufficient gap closure; but where the ribs and grooves appear on the outer wall surface, the plaster can be removed. The ribs (9) and the grooves (10), as shown in FIG. 1, are always located where there is a hole (17) delimited by a wall portion (17) which can be pierced in a block of brick block, so that at some joints where the rib (9) gives a larger groove size than necessary, the groove can be advantageously formed.

Note that for better clarity, the wall structure is shown in Figure 3 with non-closed gaps.

While Fig. 3 shows the facade wall, Fig. 4 shows a partition made up of the building blocks (brick blocks) of Fig. 1.

Advantageous effects of the invention may be summarized as follows:

the most important advantage is that they can be made of one type of universal brick block, of different size and purpose, but of course also suitable for hand masonry. The internal cavity system of the building element (which also provides thermal insulation) and the recesses embedded in the external surface are chosen to be consistent with the basic module of the brick or panel system, and to provide additional grooves that utilize and combine all possible nodal - structural connectivity problem can be solved. Panels of the building blocks of the present invention, including an opening, including a trigger, provide a heat-bridge-free, physically homogeneous structure and a homogeneous brick surface; the latter property is advantageous in plastering, as it eliminates cracks and discoloration around the triggers. The use of one type of brick saves material, simplifies the tools needed for prefabrication, and reduces labor costs. The building block (brick block) according to the invention is suitable for the production of brick panels for the construction of load-bearing walls or internal load-bearing walls, partition walls, and for the production of (frame) infill panels and any structure (e.g. partitions).

EN 207 557 Β can be connected. Ideal for joining adjacent panels to each other and other structures to form gap junctions. Practical limits include arbitrary panel lengths and aperture sizes. The building block is perfectly connected to pillars, coffees, wreaths, slabs. It has good insulating and vapor diffusion properties. The vertical gaps in masonry are excellent even without additional measures. The building block may be a burnt clay-based product commonly used in the building industry, but the use of lightweight concrete is not excluded.

The invention is, of course, not limited to the embodiment and applications of the building block described in detail above, but may be implemented in a variety of ways within the scope of the claims.

PATENT CLAIMS

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS A building component, in particular for the production of rectangular panel panels, comprising a rectangular building block having through holes and cavities and grooves and ribs extending on its outer side, characterized in that: - having a central through hole (3) of rectangular cross-section and a rectangular notch (4) extending in at least two opposite sides, rectangular in cross-section and having the same width (d) as the central through hole (3) with a side length and a depth (d / 2) equal to half that size; - in the region of the corners there are two through holes (7) of the same cross-section of the central through-hole (3) having a cross-section of the same length as the side (d) and having a transverse geometric axis (z) perpendicular to the long sides of the latter. the shorter sides of the building member in cross-sectional lengths (m) are a quarter of the length (m / 4) and have a breakable wall portion (17) of less than half of the side length (d) of the central through hole (3) delimited. A building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner longitudinal side of the through holes (7, 7a) bounded by the breakable wall part (17) facing the interior of the building element from the outer surface of the building element is the central through hole (3). is equal to half the length (d) of the side (d / 2). Building element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ribs (9) extending in height from one of the longitudinal sides and the grooves (10) in the other longitudinal side are in line with these ribs (9). its geometric center axis is the distance (m / 4) from the corners of the element which is one quarter of the length (m) of the short side. 4. A building element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the centerline of the longitudinal cross-sectional sides has holes (7a) of rectangular cross-section delimited by a wall portion (17) pierced on the outside and having the same length (d) 3) with side length (d), but less than half its width.