HU204600B - Method for repairing building structures particularly climbable-passable channels without breaking - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for repairing building structures, objects made of any basic material and any format that are defective in particular in terms of statics and water absorbency, without disassembly. The inventive method is characterized in that in the lower part of the channel to be repaired a made in place and / or prefabricated monolithic or multi-piece Kuenette, a bottom part is arranged and on the other surfaces of the channel wall - taking into account the dynamic requirements - in the appropriate thickness and quality binder and / or aggregate and / or supplemental material and / or auxiliary material and / or water-containing water-bulky material, Moertel, in one or more layers is suitably torkretiert applied, the cracks and deficiencies of the Channels and the cavities around the canal are filled with the material. Fig. 2 {method; Repair; construction; static; Wassersperrigkeit; Binder; surcharge; Ergaenzungsmittel; Auxiliary material; Aggregate; Water; water-resistant material; Mortar; Layers}

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for repairing building structures, in particular climbable and walkable channels, without demolition.

Statically and / or watertightly defective drains around the world cause severe problems, pavement breaks, groundwater contamination, etc. cause. It is also known that with the development of urbanization, the deterioration of old canals is accelerating significantly. And improving the climbable channels is the most laborious and costly of these.

The chapter entitled "City Building" magazine 1987/6 is a chemical channel repair procedure known as SUPERAQUA for repairing non-climbable channels, in which the channel section to be repaired is first closed, then. filled with chemical solvents. When the chemical solution level in the shafts is no longer or only slightly reduced, the first chemical solution is pumped out of the sewer section and another chemical solution is added. The second chemical solution mixes with the pre-cured first and after a predetermined period of time, the material enters the channel cracks and through them solidifies and gels. This procedure is widely used successfully.

In addition to the advantages of the above process, it also has the disadvantage of repairing channels that can be climbed or walked through, requiring too many chemical solutions and, consequently, requiring a large number of tankers, which entails considerable effort.

The sewer repair procedure known as SUPERSILIC is similar in principle (see F Csanda: Search for Underground Utility Pipes, K.. K., Budapest, 1972,214).

Also known in the art as INSfTUFORM is a buckle repair process in which a plastic web impregnated with a resin is channeled into the channel. The liner is pressed against the inner wall of the channel by water pressure. Subsequently, the water used as auxiliary medium is heated to SO 'so that the resin of the lining hardens under the influence of heat. This method does not solve the problem of repairing 'home' ducts connected to the collecting duct, and this technology is very sensitive to obstacles in the gauge. A further disadvantage is that the watertightness of the mines has to be solved additionally by another method, which entails additional costs. THE

Also known in the art is the so-called. BONEX Buckle Repair Procedure, which uses a lining tube. Since insertion of liner pipes cannot be done from existing cleaning shafts, separate opening shafts must be provided for insertion of liner pipes. Freeing up manhole-free connecting cables for non-climbable sections is too cumbersome.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above shortcomings, that is, to provide an improved buckle repair process whereby a static, power, and / or watertight defect channel of any material, shape and size can be repaired faster, more economically without breakage, and better than known solutions.

In order to solve this problem, we started with the channel repair procedure described in the introduction, which involves cleaning the disused section of the channel to be repaired internally, and at least partially providing the inner channel tree with a waterproof liner. It is an improvement, that is, the present invention, to first form a watertight lining, preferably at least on the underside of the bucket wall, prefabricated lining elements watertightly embedded with one another and the seam wall, in thickness and overgrowth - using a waterproof mortar

- 25-40% by weight of binder, mainly homogeneous powder5

0.03 to 5.0% by weight of a strength and water tightness enhancer;

10 to 20% by weight of water, and

40-60% by weight of particulate additives are prepared by blending.

Further, it is desirable to fill the gaps and / or cracks in the bucket wall after the cleaning operation, but before making the watertight liner, and, where appropriate, through the cavity around the channel with waterproofing mortar.

When making the waterproof liner and / or prefabricating the liner elements, it is preferable to use a reinforcing insert, especially a net.

Preferably 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of plasticizer-sealing additive and / or 0.03 to 3% by weight of antifriction-reducing excipient is added to the mixture prior to use as a waterproofing mortar. The waterproofing mortar's post-curing strength is selected according to the specific application conditions, but at least 5 B-280 concrete.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which illustrate some exemplary embodiments of the link repair method of the invention. In the drawing: Figure I is a cross-section of a defective egg section canal that needs to be repaired; Figure 2 illustrates a first exemplary embodiment of the repair of the channel of Figure 1, also in cross section;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a coupling section corrected by a second embodiment;

Figure 4 shows a coupling section corrected by a third embodiment of the method according to the invention with a connecting line.

Figure 1 is a sectional view of an almost 100-year-old egg-shaped canal made of Romanian cement, which is extremely statically and watertight, and has a bucket wall with 1, cracks or wall defaults with 2, its inner contour is denoted by K, its maximum width dimension by B, and its maximum height dimension by H. The size B in this case is 80 cm and the size H 120 cm. As can be seen in Figure I, the channel wall 1 is ren2 with such large cracks

It is noted that the wall is pierced at full thickness and that there are significant outer cavities 2 'in the soil which can lead to collapse of the canal and rupture of the roadway above the canal. It is also evident that sewage and concrete corrosion have also damaged the drainage channel, ie the channel break.

A possible way to improve the channel of Figure 1 according to the invention is illustrated in Figure 2.

For repair, the channel section between the two shafts, about 100 m long, was decommissioned and then cleaned internally with, for example, a high-pressure water jet. Loose, crumbling wall portions on the inner surface of the bucket wall 1 and in accessible cracks and cavities have been removed.

Then, on the channel section to be repaired, the cracks 2 of the coupling wall 1 and through them the cavities 2 'were filled with the waterproof mortar 3 according to the invention to the original inner contour K, in this case by mechanical injection.

Subsequently, the waterproof liner 8 according to the invention was formed. To do this, a prefabricated lining element 4, which is connected watertight to the bottom of the bucket section, is laid, which is thus embedded in a waterproof mortar 3. The prefabricated liner elements 4 are in this case made of a trough element of sufficient strength, smooth, wear-resistant trough, for example, of the mortar 3 of the invention, with a wall thickness of 2 cm. The waterproofing mortar according to the invention is applied in one or more layers to the part of the bucket wall not covered by the liner 4, in this case max. 2 cm thick. Applying by spraying and this mortar layer of the waterproof liner 8 is designated as the mortar layer 5. The connection area of the mortar layer 5 and the liner element 4 is designated 6, on which, in the present case, reinforcing inserts 7 are provided for better cooperation. The inserts 7 in the present case are formed as net nets having a mesh size of 15-20 cm and a mesh size of 2-2.5 cm.

Considering the 2 cm thickness of the waterproof mortar layer 5, the size B _b and H i of the channel thus renovated is only 4 cm smaller than the dimensions B and H of the original inner contour K, respectively. The inner contour of the renovated canal is indicated by Ki.

The waterproofing mortar according to the present invention thus obtained a waterproofing liner 8 of excellent strength, smooth surface, waterproof, crack-free, compact, static, strength and time-resistant with the same strength as B-400 grade concrete. Examples of the composition of the waterproofing mortar according to the invention are given after the description.

Figure 3 illustrates another embodiment of the process of the invention. This differs essentially from the embodiment of Figure 2 in that, in addition to the prefabricated liner 4, further prefabricated liner elements 13 are used to form the waterproof liner 8 of the present invention. Behind the joining regions 6, in this case, wider reinforcing inserts 7 were used for better cooperation.

Figure 4 illustrates an example of how the method of the present invention provides a simple way to ensure the operation of a home and other connection line that is connected to the coupling gauge during a repair. This problem is a major, often insoluble, problem in known bucket repair procedures, and requires complex and costly additional measures (eg, operation of a pump, temporary wiring, etc.).

In Fig. 4, a pipe closure 10, known per se, is provided in the existing connection 9 and has a central closure passage 11. Up to 12 pipes or hoses can be connected to all through pipes with the lower end of the outlet over the nail.

In the present case, the buckle repair procedure may be performed in substantially the same manner as described in FIG. However, after the pre-fabricated liner elements 4 are watertight and before the on-site waterproof mortar layer 5 is prepared, the conduit 11 can be opened so that drainage water can flow through the pipe 12 or hose to the upper edge of the liner element 4. Thus, the channel can be operated smoothly even when the on-site waterproof mortar layer 5 is not even applied to the inner surface of the channel wall 1, which operation is otherwise not obstructed by the waste water flowing in the liner element 4.

The method according to the invention can be used to provide favorable buckle repair, the parameters of which have been clearly demonstrated by our experimental results, such as load capacity, stress tests, embedding factors, boundary stresses, bending moments, and allowable stresses. Laboratory studies have also shown that, with an 80/120 cm internal channel, 2.3 m below the surface, which is exceptionally defective (see Figure 3), with a bucket wall quality of at most Β-50, after the buckle repair according to the invention, the road A load does not result in elastic damage and tensile stress in the bucket wall, nor in the 2 cm thick B-400 grade 5 mortar layer or at its interfaces. The maximum compressive stress in the 5 mortar layers was 515 kPa and in the bucket wall 314 kPa.

Tests were also carried out in which it was assumed that the egg-shaped coupling wall 1 of Figure 3 was so damaged that it could not be assessed for strength. Therefore, the cracked bucket wall 1 and the waterproofing mortar 3 filling the cavities and crevices 2 'were only considered as "bearing" of the waterproofing liner 8 to be formed according to the invention. In this case, the so-called. the embedding factor can be set to 7.5. (For load-bearing capacity, prefabricated elements of a similar size are tested for a load of 4 · 200 daN / fin.) According to the static calculation for this case, the 8 linings with a load capacity of 560 daN / fm are 4 * 200 daN / fin with the above embedding factor. In other words, the channel improved by the method of the invention is equivalent to a load capacity of a new prefabricated channel element of the same size, even in the case of a broken channel as shown in Figure 3.

It has also been investigated the forces exerted on the channel wall 1 by the prefabricated lining elements 4 of the liner 8, the waterproof mortar 3 and the installation of the mortar layer 5 in the case shown in Fig. 2. Furthermore, it was also examined what connection is desired in the connection areas 6 of the prefabricated lining elements 4 and the on-site mortar layer 5.

As an example! in the case of the lower section, 15-50 daN radial force per six running meters depending on the horizontal partition force acting on the wall in a direction perpendicular to the wall. This means that a shear force of 7 = 0.150.5 daN / cm must be applied at the connection of the prefabricated liner 4. Since the on-site mortar layer is well bonded to the prefabricated liner element 4, the connection is made by the mortar layer 5 itself; provides shear strength.

To enhance safety and to provide a more constructive connection, reinforcing inserts 7 are formed, for example, of plastic and are disposed behind the prefabricated lining member 4 as shown in the drawing. Note, however, that shear forces can be absorbed in other ways. For example, the liner elements 4 may be fabricated so that the edges of the connection regions 6 are not perpendicular to the plane of the bucket wall 1, but one of the liner members 4 is perpendicular from the perpendicular and the adjacent other liner element 4 is down at an angle of 30 '. Accordingly, we manufacture two types of liner elements 4 and install them alternately. In this case, the reinforcing insert 7 may even be missing

It is mentioned that, for example, at the end of the shift it is advisable to use inserts made of plastic mesh 7 where the application of the mortar layer 5 is stopped and then continued. By doing this, we promote the working of layers that have been shifted over time.

As mentioned above, for carrying out the process according to the invention, the parts designated by reference numerals 3 and 5 are prepared in situ from the waterproof mortar according to the invention by mixing according to the formula 41 according to the invention immediately before use. Here are some examples. First of all, it is emphasized that the required mixture components of the waterproofing mortar according to the invention are as follows; 50

25-40% by weight of binder, especially homogeneous Portland cement;

0.03 to 5% by weight of a strength-water tightness enhancer.

a builder such as "Rezolit-131"; 55

10 to 20% by weight of water, and

40-60% by weight of particulate additive such as sand.

As additional blend components, the following are useful:

0.1-1.7% by weight of a plasticizer sealant, for example "BP-1", "BARRAPLAST", "VISCOMENT";

0.03 to 3% by weight of an aqueous dispersion of antifriction reducing excipients such as "TALKUM" or plastic ("EPOXT" A "and" B ").

Example 1

The method of the present invention was used to repair a defective buckle section 10, wherein the composition of the waterproof mortar was selected as follows.

Crowd% component 32.65 homogeneous Portland cement 350, 0.10 additive: "BP-1" concrete curing agent, 1.63 (distributor: Agrochemical Cooperative, Sellye) supplement "Rezolit-131" 0.33 (manufactured by Kemikál, Budapest) Excipient: "Talkum" 16.32 (distributor: ÉPTEK, Budapest) tap water, 48.97 granular additive (0 ^ -2.5 mm) 100% sand in saltwater.

The substances are added to the blender container in the following order and the added ingredients are mixed for half a minute after each addition:

tap water, admixture, cement, adjuvant, excipient and additive. After each addition of the component, the mixture is stirred for one minute. According to our experimental measurements, the start of setting of the fresh waterproof mortar is 2.75 hours and the curing time is 4 hours. Example 2 Crowd% component 26.09 homogeneous Portland cement 350; 0.79 Supplement: "Rezolit-131" (manufactured by Kemikál, Budapest) 0.06 auxiliary material: "Talkum" (distributor: ÉPTEK, Budapest); 15.66 tap water; 2.61 "Epoxy" AND 2.61 "EPOXIB" (manufacturer: Plastic Industry Research Institute, Budapest) 52.18 100% granular additive; (d _max -2.5'mm) rock chippings.

The mixing method is the same as described in the previous example. Dosage order of substances:

EN 204 600 B "EPOXI A", "EPOXI B", water, cement, adjuvant, excipient, additive.

(Binding time: 1.75 hours, end of bond: 5.0 hours).

Example 3

Crowd% component 32.64 S-54 Portland Cement; 10 3.26 Supplement: "Rezolit-131" 0.14 additive: "Barraplast" (plasticizer additive, manufactured by Kemikál, Budapest) 12.37 tap water 51.589 granular additive: (sixty and 15

2.5: 1 mixture of salt sand salt) d _max = 2.0 mm;

0,001 additive: "FIBRIN" fiber polypropylene (manufactured by Cargo & Trading, Austria). 20

The substances were added to the mixing vessel in the following order and 0.5 after each addition

stir the contents of the container for a minute: Tap water, additive, cement, additive, granular additive and fibrous additive. The mixture is then stirred for an additional 1 minute starting material binding 2.0 hours, end binding 4.0 hours). Example 4 25 30 Crowd% component 26.09 homogeneous Portland cement 350, 35 0.03 supplement: "Rezolit-131", 2.60 auxiliary material: "Talkum", 13.88 tap water, 2.61 EPOXI A, 2.61 EPOXI B, 40 52.18 granular additive: (dmax-2.0 mm) sixty sand. The order of mixing the substances is the same as in Figure 2. 45

Example. Binding of the mixture starts at 3 hours and ends at 4 hours.

Example 5 50 Crowd% component 32.65 homogeneous Portland cement 450, 1.63 additive: Viscoment concrete curing agent (manufactured by Kemikál, Budapest), 55 4.89 supplement: "Rezolit-131", 0.33 auxiliary material: "Talkum", 11.53 tap water, 48.97 granular additive: (d _ma x-2.0 mm) Salt cave sand. 60

The materials are added to a mortar mixing machine in the following order:

tap water, admixture, cement, adjuvant, excipient and additive. Stir for 1 minute after each addition.

Binding time of the mixture is 1.5 hours and the end of binding is 2.5 hours.

Example 6

Crowd% component 26.09 homogeneous Portland cement 350, 0.03 supplement: "Rezolit-131", 1.30 auxiliary material: "Talkum", 15.18 tap water, 2.61 EPOXI A, 2.61 EPOXI B, 52.18 granular additive: (d _max = 2.0 mm) sixty sand. The order of mixing the materials is the same as in Example 2. Binding of the mixture starts at 1 hour and ends at 2.5 hours. Example 7 Crowd% component 32.64 homogeneous Portland cement 450, 2.20 supplement: "Rezolit-131", 1.20 Barraplast additive, 12.37 tap water, 51.59 granular additive: (dmax-2.0 mm): 90 sixty percent by weight of sand, 10 by weight silicon carbide SC.

The order of mixing the materials is the same as in Example 3. The start of bonding of the mixture is 2.5 hours and the end of bonding is 4.5 hours.

The main advantages of the process according to the invention are as follows:

- No demolition required;

- It has no, or only a minimal, obstacle to road traffic;

- Can be repaired quickly, economically, reliably, permanently and can be repaired in a static, power and watertight manner, with degraded, walkable channels of various materials, shapes, ages and sizes;

- The repaired canal is of the same quality or better than the newly constructed canal in terms of static, strength and waterproofing;

- The materials used for repair, the chemicals themselves and the end product, the repaired sewer is harmless and environmentally friendly;

Prefabricated fittings used for repair and embossed material applied to the inner surface of the duct

I bonded perfectly to the wall of the air duct, thus ensuring collaboration;

- The smoothness of the inner surface of the repaired channel is very advantageous hydraulically and also has a high abrasion resistance; 5

- Resistant to mechanical and hydraulic duct cleaning;

- The corrected canal has a tightness, tensile, compressive and flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, inertia, heat-creep, resistance to aggressive and industrial water 10;

- During repair, the cross-section of the gauge is reduced to a minimal, almost negligible extent;

For example, the 80/120 cm egg-channel channel is only 2 to 2 cm (Bi / Hi in Figures 2 and 3 corresponds to an example 76/116 cm);

- The process consists of ducts of any material and shape (brick, stone, concrete, reinforced concrete, stone material, cast iron, asbestos cement 20 etc.) and various fertilizers, basins, etc. also suitable for improvement;

- Repair costs are significantly lower than traditional repair;

- Due to the use of prefabricated curbs (preferably channeled through manholes), wastewater treatment of domestic and main pipelines in most cases does not cause much trouble and expense, since the curbs can be commissioned in a short time; 30

Depending on the thickness of the 5 layers of mortar to be repaired, the size of the ductwork to be repaired, and the size of the 5 mortar layers determined by static dimensioning and the required strength requirements, metal or plastic meshes of different materials and sizes can be used. This makes it even for high-profile channels. relatively low wall thickness squirting material and prefabricated acne are required;

- The entire repair technology process can be mechanized at relatively low cost and equipment. The labor cost is extremely low, but the rate of repair is very high;

- The process is not explosive or flammable;

- During repair, the hydraulic properties of the channel 45 are improved;

- The repaired channel does not require any additional maintenance costs;

- The method is also suitable for improving sewers in groundwater; 50

- The waterproofing mortar according to our process, due to its very favorable strength and other properties, has a suitable technology for new channels, pipes, fittings, building structures, works of art, building blocks, etc. can also be advantageously used for its manufacture; 55

- Our method is also suitable for making gravity water pipes of climbable size and faulty, non-watertight water towers watertight;

- Our procedure can also be used to repair walkable pressure pipes with suitable equipment:

- Pipes of non-climbable size may also be repaired by means of appropriate automatic devices and / or remote control and / or suitably designed spray nozzles.

Finally, it is noted that the waterproof liner 8 of the present invention may optionally be made in greater proportion from prefabricated liner elements than shown in Figure 3. The prefabricated liner elements may additionally be made from any known material which provides the physical and technological parameters described above. Furthermore, as noted above, the on-site application of the waterproofing mortar was conveniently carried out by spraying at a distance of 15-40 cm during our experiments. The closer the nozzle was to the bucket wall, the less fluid the mortar was applied. This prevents unwanted dusting during application.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS A method of repairing structural structures, in particular of climbable walkable channels, without dismantling, wherein the disused section of the channel to be repaired is cleaned from the inside if necessary, and then, if desired after filling the cavities, provided at least partially with a watertight lining, the waterproofing liner is shaped first on the bucket wall - preferably at least on the lower part thereof - by laying pre-fabricated liner elements watertightly connected to each other and to the bucket wall and applying one or more layers of waterproof mortar, preferably 2 cm thick and spraying, to the unsheathed part of the bucket wall 25-40% by weight of binder, mainly homogeneous Portland cement; 0.03 to 5% by weight of a strength-water tightening additive; 10 to 20% by weight of water, and 40-60% by weight of particulate additive, particularly sand, optionally 0.1 to 1.7% by weight of a plasticizer-sealing additive and / or 0.03 to 0.3% by weight of a friction-reducing strength-increasing aid. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, before the waterproofing liner is made, the existing gaps and cracks in the bucket wall, and optionally through them, are filled with a waterproofing mortar. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a reinforcing insert, in particular a net, is used in the preparation of the waterproof liner and / or during the prefabrication of the liner elements.