HU203707B - Apparatus for cascade-purifying and storing communal, industrial and agricultural waste waters first of alliquide fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to communal, industrial or agricultural wastewater, in particular to slurry purification and placement of slurries, whose gravitational collecting channel (1) extends through the grid pit (4) into the collecting and lifting pit (5). The discharge line (7) equipped with a gate valve shaft (8) and a sliding gate valve (10) is connected by a flexible discharge tube (12) of the dual chamber solid phase storage pool (15) to the collector valve (15) provided with the waste water pump (6). (11). The flexible gravitational discharge line (14) of the arc (12) provided with the operating bridge (13) is movably attached to the horizontal flow container container (16). The two-chamber solid phase storage pool (15) connects directly through the drainage channel (la) back to the grid trap shaft (4). The horizontal flow-through container straw filter (16) is connected to the filter arms (30) via the connecting shaft (28) via a stepping trench or wire (29a). The filter arms (30), which consist of at least three filter sections (32) and at least two breaker shafts (33), are connected directly or optionally via a drain shaft (31) to the splitter arms (34). The highest point of the bottom plate of the divider arms (34) is at least 500 mm deeper than the deepest point of the bottom level of the filter arms (30), optionally the bottom level of the drain shaft (31). The connection between the divider ducts (34) and the irrigated strips (40) of the irrigated strips (39), which are surrounded by the protective filler (43), and the roofs (39), is provided by the floodpipes (38). The drainage pipes (37) fall into the collecting bins (42). (Fig. 2) 5 '' jT 'S' 'H'; EN 203 707 A -1-

Description

The present invention relates to apparatus for cleaning and depositing municipal, industrial or agricultural wastewater, in particular slurry, in a cassette system.

The present invention relates to a cascade gravitational succession of technical facilities which, by virtue of their operation, permit multiple stages of mechanical, chemical, biological purification by transferring the purified wastewater, slurry slurry into a living stream, transferring it to a technology, transferring it to another technology. , while the by-products of the partial cleaning processes can be industrially or agriculturally utilized.

In the inventive facility for the treatment of slurry from specialized livestock farms, the straw filter installed on the soil can be replaced by filter trenches, the drainage, ridge, poplar filter field cannot be replaced by divider and collecting trenches.

For the treatment of biodegradable, high-organic wastewater, light, chemical wastewater, the horizontal-flow container straw filter can be adapted to known sewage treatment systems by means of filter trenches.

Wastewater and water treatment systems that utilize artificial biological purification (dripping or activated sludge) as the purification step may use the mineral filtering agent of the invention as a filler, or as a filtering agent for the sludge mixture.

It is known that the purpose of wastewater treatment is to treat the wastewater to such an extent that residual contamination does not adversely affect the recipient's self-cleaning ability and cause infectious disease. The sexes and limit values of the harmful pollutants to be discharged into the various receptacles are determined with great care and differentiation by various regulations (66031/1974 OVH Directives, 9003/1983 MÉM-EüM-OVH Decree 3/1984 OVH).

Each of the harmful pollutants listed in the regulations 40 is seldom found in waste water at any one time, at most in the combined sewage of large industrial cities. In small settlements, independent industrial plants produce very well-defined and typifiable wastewater. 45

The place of production clearly refers to the quality and quantity of waste water. Based on this, we distinguish:

municipal (municipal) or municipal sewage,

- agricultural wastewater, including: municipal wastewater of high organic content from the food industry, very high organic matter, wastewater from service plants (machine repairers, garages, etc.).

- effluents from industrial plants, including: effluents from different production technologies, from auxiliary plants. 60

Pollutants fundamentally determine the technology of wastewater treatment and the choice of individual operation units. The size and concentration of the various pollutant components is decisive in the choice of operating units. Accordingly, we distinguish between wastewater characterized by:

- that impurities are mainly removed by mechanical cleaning processes (eg oily sludge from car washes);

- a wide range of pollutants (eg slurry);

that of the contaminants, dissolved and colloidal contamination are dominant (eg dairy industry).

Disposal, or recovery, will determine the required efficiency of the wastewater treatment.

- agricultural (safety forest, sewage, etc.),

- agricultural utilization (irrigation),

- public sewerage,

- transfer to other technologies (serial water use),

- recycling to technology (stabling),

- live water supply.

Water and wastewater purification consists of a wide variety of operations. There is no significant difference between the mechanical or chemical operations used to treat drinking water or wastewater. The main difference is that for many types of wastewater neither mechanical (physical) nor chemical treatment is sufficient, most of the contamination (60-70%) is of organic origin and at least 50% is present in dissolved form. These are all municipal wastewater and many industrial wastewater, mainly food. These wastewaters also require biological treatment. There are four main forms of wastewater treatment technology:

- mechanical,

- physico-chemical,

- biological,

- dry cleaning.

Treatment procedures consist of many basic operations.

Mechanical cleaning equipment can achieve 30-40% cleaning by separating the substances in the wastewater from the water. These include the so-called. pretreatment equipment to remove coarse particles. For this purpose, a coarse grid, a drum strainer, or possibly a pre-storage are used. Primary cleaning - which is mainly physical or mechanical method

- its primary purpose is to remove suspended solids. These include sedimentation equipment (sand traps, various sedimenters) and supernatant equipment used primarily for the treatment of oily waste water. Mechanical cleaning equipment can be grouped according to its technological location, the nature of the pollutant to be selected, and the most important factors and forces.

In wastewater with high organic matter (oil fat) and suspended solids, mainly from agricultural and food processing plants,

Floating and solids are a significant part of the contamination. 25-35% of these can be removed by mechanical means. Floating materials of 0.01 gm and 1.0 gm can no longer be settled. These are colloidal suspensions. Their specific surface area is high and their surface tension plays a major role in their stability. If materials of this size are readily biodegradable, then biological oxidation is an economical method of purification. If these substances are not or only very difficult to biodegrade eg. because of their toxic content - then physico-chemical purification, first chemical precipitation, ie coagulation, flocculation, followed by a known physical purification process. Physico-chemical processes have a relatively high specific cost, mainly due to high chemical utilization.

The purpose of secondary purification (also called biological steps) is to remove colloids (non-settable substances) and dissolved organic matter. Removal of organic matter - as a result of technological operations - results in the dissolution of many inorganic substances, mainly nitrogenous substances and salts of phosphorus. Biological purification is based on the vital activity of microorganisms. Biological purification methods are divided into two major aerobic and anaerobic purification processes according to the bacterial species involved. Biological wastewater treatment can be natural and artificial. Prior to natural biological wastewater treatment (irrigation, fish pond placement) good mechanical treatment must be applied.

Artificial biological purification is a process that is reproduced in nature, much faster and in a smaller space, because of the practical design of the equipment. The only difference between the various artificial biological purification methods is that air, wastewater and microorganisms are contacted in different ways. Two major groups of biological purification processes are known:

- drip cleaning,

- activated sludge cleaning.

Biological membranes or flakes formed during the purification process are the main characteristics of artificial biological purification. They are made up of a variety of organisms. The cleaning process begins with the flakes coming into contact with the wastewater and adsorbing the dissolved and air materials in their surroundings

- The principle of the drip-body biological purification method is that the wastewater intermittently or continuously covers the biological membrane of the body filler, during which coagulation and adsorption processes take place. The oxygen required for the life of the biological membrane is provided by the movement of air through the fillers of the body, which is created by a density difference based on the temperature difference between the outside and inside air.

- During the sludge purification process, a relatively small number of microorganisms present in it begin to proliferate when aeration of the wastewater is aerated. Reproduction requires an adequate amount of organic matter as well as oxygen, which is introduced into the water by various mechanical means and by air supply.

The cleaning efficiency is significantly influenced by the volume load of BOD5 (kg / m ³ / d) and the amount of activated sludge in the system. In this respect the following systems are possible:

(a) partial biological purification;

(b) full biological treatment,

(c) complete biological purification by nitrification,

(d) complete biological purification by sludge stabilization (total oxidation).

The advantage of biological purification is that the bacteria, by virtue of their adaptability, can reproduce well in industrial wastewater of various qualities, allowing the treatment of a wide variety of contaminants. This is the only economical solution for the simultaneous removal of suspended solids and dissolved impurities, carbon and nitrogen compounds or the stabilization of sewage sludge.

Biological procedures are limited in time. Bacteria are sensitive to sudden changes in their environment (eg temperature, pH, amount of wastewater, toxicity, oxygen content, etc.). These sudden changes are very typical of industrial wastewater. Therefore, in addition to mechanical treatment prior to biological purification, physicochemical procedures may be required, which are significant cost-increasing factors.

The role of physico-chemical post-treatment is to remove inorganic N and P content from biological wastewater after biological treatment, partly as a result. This makes it possible to obtain high quality water that can be reused in industrial processes or that does not induce eutrophication of surface waters. Its use on agricultural holdings is only possible in special cases, since it is not the aim to remove valuable plant nutrients if the treated wastewater is to be used for irrigation.

The purification methods developed for the resulting wastewater types can be replaced by new elements or existing costly elements can be replaced by newer, more economical solutions, but it is possible to develop a new combined purification method combining the advantages of several purification methods.

Each element of the system for treating and disposing pig slurry in the present invention represents the decisive elements of the methods mentioned in the introduction just as pig farm slurry generally represents sewage. Detailed elaboration has therefore been carried out accordingly

It is known that the design of large-scale livestock housing systems is based on the fact that the system requires the smallest amount of manpower required within the barn. The slurry at the end of the channel3

EN 203 707 A method for treating dementia has not yet been established. The problems surrounding the placement of the resulting slurry have been exacerbated by the fact that specialized livestock farms have in recent years become largely independent of the farms that set them up, so they no longer have 5 usable areas and farms are not interested in receiving slurry. There are no major differences in the applied slurry treatment methods. After phase separation, the dense phase is stored and the dilute phase is watered or dried. After maturation, the dense phase is utilized as fertilizer.

There are differences in phase separation.

Known methods:

- Kovács-Kellermann Straw Filter; 15

- AGROBER system phase breaking tower;

- sedimentation pools;

- mechanical phase breakers (arc screens, vibrators, presses, etc.)

From the methods used, it can be stated that 20 are objectionable both in terms of professionalism and economy.

For many of the colonies, slurry has been pushed only to the safety area and ground cages for years. These areas are subjected to much higher than permitted hydraulic and organic material loads. It is presumed, but in many cases proven, that harmful contamination of soil and groundwater has occurred in their environment.

Unconsolidated irrigation and sprinkler surface sprinkling must be subject to uncontrolled and uneven loads, which are detrimental to the environment and to health, including 'water quality'.

It is clear, therefore, that improperly disposed slurry is harmful to the environment and the quality of water and endangers our water resources. At the same time, the agricultural utilization of their valuable organic and mineral content is an essential business and economic interest. 40

Liquid manure management and agricultural utilization must therefore be addressed in such a way that environmental hazards are eliminated, equipment is easy to handle, easy to understand, reliable, and does not pose a risk to the 45 operators

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the drawbacks of the methods so far developed and to provide advantages over other known methods, such as, e.g. operational safety due to the agricultural usability or simplicity of the products of the cleaning stages.

This is the object of the present invention, which provides mechanical, chemical, biological purification in five stages, arranged in appropriate order in technical facilities 55 such that, after a single transfer, the collected slurry proceeds gravitationally while freeing from its dense phase and suspended solids (mechanical purification). After passing through a filter trench containing natural clay minerals and zeolites), chemical purification, through a drained, gully, poplar filter field (biological purification), enters the live water stream. Liquid manure from a specialized livestock farm enters the gravity collecting channel.

The slurry delivered by the collecting channel is passed through a filter grid (first cleaning stage) to the collecting and lifting shaft. From the sump, the pump presses the slurry into an arc screen at the top of the solid phase storage pools, where phase separation takes place (second stage of cleaning). The solid part enters the solid phase reservoir, the liquid phase enters a horizontal flow container straw filter (third purification stage), which is located on an earth-moving soil, which is to be constructed by gravity duct on the basin.

The slurry phase, which is removed from the solids and suspended solids leaving the straw filter, flows gravitationally also through a suitably enclosed sidewall, cassette-like filter trench containing fourth clay minerals and zeolites (fourth stage of cleaning). Exiting the filter trenches, the dilute phase reaches gravitationally through the diverting trench to the underdrained, ripple, preferably poplar, filter field, where the fifth stage of cleaning is completed. /II.7./sz. of the Regulation.

From the gravity manifold to the receiver, the following cleaning steps are located:

1. removal of large coarse float (filter grate),

Phase 2 separation into dense (up to 1 mm) and thin (sheet)

3. reduction of suspended solids in the liquid phase (straw filter),

4. reduction of the dilute impurities in the dilute phase (trenches filled with minerals),

5. cleaning of the liquid phase (drained, droop, preferably poplar).

Stages 1, 2, 3 are mechanical, 4 are chemistry, 5 are biological purification.

The invention relates to apparatus for cleaning and depositing municipal, industrial or agricultural wastewater, in particular slurry, in a cassette system.

The gravity manifold, grating manhole, manifold and manhole, manifold, manifold manifold, manifold pressure manifold, at least two manifolds, manifold, manifold, manifold, a basin, a horizontal flow container strainer, optionally a reversing shaft (s), connecting line (s), lower connecting lines (s), drainage compartment (s). The apparatus has at least two filter trenches located between the guiding manhole and the manhole; All-41

One of the filter trays consists of at least three successive filter sections; mines interrupting each filter section interconnected; the inner surface of the side walls of the filter sections and the bottom plates of the filter sections are roughened; the sidewalls of the filter sections have an angle of 90 'or greater than 90, preferably 135', with the bottom plate of the filter sections; the side walls of the filter sections terminate in vertical wall sealing teeth on both sides; the filter sections and the interruption shafts are located relative to each other in a cassette system; one filter section with a length of at least 20 m; the drop of the bottom of the filter sections to a minimum of 20 mm per 10 m; the length of the interruption shafts shall be at least 2 m; each filter section is delimited by a steel mesh support member and a perforated closure member; the upstream side wall of the breaker shaft (s) is formed by the perforated closure and the underside side is formed by the steel mesh support; the upstream side of the manhole is the perforated closure member of the last lowermost filter section, the underwater side of the manhole is formed by the manifold or the lower connecting pipe connecting the manhole to the manifold; the distribution ditches directly or indirectly into the drainage space or into the public sewerage system; the gravity manifold passes through the lattice basket manhole into the manifold and lift manhole; the collecting and lifting shafts with lifting pumps connecting the discharge line with the shut-off manhole and the separating discharge line with shut-off valves to the flexible discharge pipe of the arc-screen of the two-chamber solid phase storage tank; the flexible gravity drainage line of the arc screen with the treatment bridge is movably connected to the receiving shaft of the horizontal flow container strainer (s); a two-chamber solid-phase storage tank directly reconnected to the collecting and pumping manhole via the drainage channel; a horizontal flow container straw filter with at least three container anchoring locations and a filter container therein is connected to the filter ducts by a connecting line, preferably by means of a manhole; the lower edge of the bottom flap of the horizontal flow container strainer filter underwater baffle assembly or, if applicable, the bottom plane of the turning shaft (s) is at least 500 mm higher than the plane of the bottom pan of the guiding shaft (s); the drop of the bottom plates of the filter sections at least 20 mm per 10 m; the manhole bottom is horizontal and its plane is at least 200 mm deeper than the deepest level of the bottom filter of the upstream filter section; the filter traps are connected to the manifolds directly or, where appropriate, through a manhole; the highest point of the bottom plate of the manhole is at least 500 mm deeper than the deepest point of the bottom of the filter trench, optionally the bottom of the manhole; dividing the dividing trench by at least one disconnecting gate; the pitch of the divisions is 20 mm at 10 m; at least three of the located one behind the other filter section flush with the surface in the vicinity of 5-15 mm in diameter, and the next 5 to 10 mm in diameter, and is flush with the filter material having a diameter of 4-8 mm, located ³ lm / m in an amount of alulvezetőben; the filter material has a mineral composition of at least, preferably 30% fillp or layer silicate, including at least 10% illite and at least 10% montmorillonite, and up to 80%, preferably 70% of texto or scaffolds, including at least 40% clinoptilolite for zeolites and at least 20% mordenite.

In one embodiment of the invention, the device has a gravity manifold, a collecting and lifting shaft, a collecting container, a lattice shaft, an arc screen machine housing, an arc screen washer, a return line, a gravity drain line, a combined artill , has vegetation. The apparatus has at least one filter bed which is located between the combined artwork and the manhole; a filter bed comprising at least three successive filter sections; interconnecting shafts interconnecting each filter section; the side walls of the filter sections have an angle of 90 'with the bottom plate of the filter sections; the filter sections and the interruption shafts are located relative to each other in a cassette system; one filter section shall be at least 20 m long and at least 5 m wide; the drop of the bottom plate of the filter sections in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the filter section is at least 20 mm per 10 m and at least 10 mm per 1 m perpendicular to the longitudinal axis from each side wall; break shafts shall have a length of at least 1,5 m and a width of at least 5 m; a filter section being delimited by a spout with a steel mesh support on the one hand and an underwater sidewall on the other hand with a mesh section with a steel mesh support; the upstream side of their breaker shafts) is formed by the downstream sidewall of the filter section, and the downstream sidewall, together with the outlet, is the upstream side wall of the next filter section; the underwater side wall of the filter sections or the upstream side wall of the breaker shafts or the upstream side wall of the breaker shafts provides for the installation of a drain gate; the upstream side of the manhole is the downstream side wall of the last lowermost filter section, the downstream side being the mouth of a public or collecting canal. The gravity manifold passes through the grid into the manifold and lift manhole. The collecting and lifting shaft with the lifting pumps is connected to the discharge line with the slide valve manhole and the bending screen located in the arc screen machine house. The washing water of the sheet screen washer is connected directly to the collection and lifting shaft via a feed line. The gravity drain line of the fixed-mounted arc screen is connected to the composite structure. The spout of the composite artwork with steel mesh support is connected to the filter bed. The plane of the bottom plate of the composite structure shall be at least 1000 mm below the highest point of the bottom plate of the connecting filter bed. The connection between the filter section and the breaker shaft is provided by a drain valve located in the underwater sidewall of the filter section. The bottom plate of the breaker shaft shall be horizontal and its plane shall be at least 500 mm deeper

EN 203 707 A At the deepest level of the bottom plate of the upstream filter section. The deepest point of the bottom of the drain shaft shall be at least 500 mm below the deepest level of the bottom plate of the last lowest filter section. At least three successive filter sections are provided with 5 to 15 mm diameter filter media. The mineral composition of the filter material in the upstream filtration section is 15% of the phyllo- or layered silicates to the clay minerals and 15% to the montomorillonite, texto or scaffolds to the zeolite clinoptilolite and 30% to the mordite;

in the next filter section, the composition of the filter material is 10% of the phyllo or layered silicates for the clay minerals and 10% for the montmorillonite, the clinoptilolite for the zeolites from the texto or scaffolds; 50% and mordenite: 30%;

in the final filtration stage, the composition of the filter material is 10% of the phyllo or layered silicates for the clay minerals and 10% for the montmorillonite, 60% for the teflon or scaffolds, and 20% for the mordenite.

Fertilization sections, mixed with filter material, are planted with reeds (PHRAGMITES COMMUNIS), preferably 20x20 cm spacing and planting distance.

In another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus has a suction wagon or gravity collecting channel, inlet path, combined artwork, unloading slide, inlet, outlet, filter grid, drain channel or tube, casserole, filter bowl, casserole, canister. The apparatus has at least two cisterns, which are located between the manifold or the manifold. A tub consists of at least three filter fields located one behind the other. The individual filter fields are connected by cassette walls. The bathtub walls allow for a level difference of 100 mm between filter fields. The depth of the filter fields is 500 mm and their reservoir volume corresponds to the amount of wastewater to be treated daily. The cob wall is 300 mm wide by 1000 mm deep, of which 500 mm is embedded in the soil. The cassette wall of the last third filter field in the level is also the side wall of the collecting channel.

The hopper drainage pipe is connected to the unloading slide located on the roadside side of the combined artwork. The composite object is provided with a flood opening with a filter grille to which the flood channel or pipe is connected. Sewage that flows through the spill channel or pipe - due to incoming wastewater - flows through the spill port to the filter field. The amount of wastewater per filter field shall remain on the filter field for a minimum of 24 hours. A minimum of 24 hours of wastewater from a filter field is always discharged according to the amount of new incoming wastewater. There is no drop in the bottom of the filter fields, from which the sewage leaves the top of the basin wall.

At least three filter fields located one behind the other have filter media having a particle diameter of 5 to 15 mm. The filter material shall have a mineral composition of at least 10% of the phyllo or layered silicates of the clay minerals and at least 10% of the montmorillonite species, and of the texo or scaffolds, at least 40% of the clinopptilolite of the zeolites and 20% of the mordenite. Filter fields filled with filter material are covered with vegetation, preferably with 20x20 cm row and plant spacing reed (PHRAGMITES COMMUNIS).

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the following six figures.

The attached drawings schematically show

Figure 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the apparatus of the invention, a

Figure 2 is a functional sectional view of this possible embodiment, a

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the filter traps;

Figure 4 is a side view of another possible embodiment of the device according to the invention

Figure 5 is a side view of a third possible embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, a

Figure 6 is a plan view of another possible embodiment of the invention.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples:

Example 1

Purification and disposal of pig slurry with a cassette-type wastewater treatment plant for a daily volume of 150 m ³ .

Liquid manure from pig pigs (flushing) is fed into the KGPPVC gravity collecting channel 1 located between the pigs. The channel diameter is NA 300 mm. Turning shafts (for changing direction of flow) or cleaning shafts made of on-site or prefabricated concrete elements are installed in the gravity collecting channel 1. Their connection to the gravity collecting channel 1 is watertight. The gravity collecting channel 1 leaving the pig farm ends up in the grid basket 4. The lattice basket shaft 4 allows the retention and removal of larger floating debris carried by the gravity collecting channel 1. The removable lattice basket 2 is located in the lattice basket shaft 4. A shut-off valve 3 is disposed between the gravity collecting channel 1 and the collecting and lifting shaft 5. The positioning of the removable lattice basket 2 is justified by the protection of the sewage pumping pumps 6 of the collecting and lifting shaft 5. The contents of the 2 removable lattice baskets should be emptied into the collection container 47 daily. In the event of a power failure or a simultaneous sewage pump 6, the shut-off valve 3 prevents the collecting and pumping wells from being filled to a level higher than the allowable level.

The useful volume of the collecting and lifting shafts 5 in this example is 4.5 m ³ . This volume allows for the intermittent accumulation in the pig farm of the pig farm, thereby also accumulating in the collecting and lifting pit 5.

GB 203 707 The manure slurry is the so called built-in FP type. Flygt sewage pumping pumps, which are special slurry pumps (do not require a separate circulation pump), are lifted with 4-6 on / off hours. The built-in two pieces. 6 wastewater pumping pumps operate alternately in automatic mode with level sensors. The slurry up to 6 sewage lifting pumps is gravitationally arriving from the source. The sewage transfer pumps 6 transfer the slurry into the KMPVC feedstock NA 200 mm 0 pressure pipe 7 The valve valve manhole 8 is located between the discharge pipe 7 and the collecting and lifting shaft 5, where 2-2 gates and check valves).

At the same time, the internal mechanical design of the manhole valve manhole 8 allows for the possible emptying of the pressure pipe 7. Separation is required due to the different positions of the 12 screen screens.

The slurry 10 is used to move the slurry up to the height of the ground level of the entire plant area. Parallel to the sectional pressure line 9, the two-chamber solid-phase storage pools 15 are located on an ordered terrain level. In this example, the dimensions of the two pools are:

their length is 41 m, their internal width is 6-6 m, their height is 2.5 m.

They have a storage capacity of 2 x 600 m ³ and a storage time of 40 days / pool. The distance between the two basins is 2.5 m, where below the ground level the diverting pressure line 9 is located with the diverting sliders 10, while above the retraction level the arch 12 is located with the holding and moving control bridge 13 and all flexible discharge pipe , the other end is connected to the 12 mesh screens. The operating screen 13, which holds and moves the screen 12, is located on a track formed at the top of the parallel side walls of the two-chamber solid phase storage pools 15, where it can be locked in any position in the longitudinal direction. In the arc screen holding and moving treatment bridge 13, the screen 12 is directed towards the storage chamber of the two-chamber solid phase storage tank 15, whereby one or the other storage section is used to store the solid phase separated from the slurry. The positions of the screen 12 in the longitudinal position of the screen 12 in the two-chamber solid phase storage tank are made possible by the sectional sliders 10.

The interior enclosure of the two-chamber solid phase storage tank 15 is inclined longitudinally so that the remaining 30% moisture content of the solid phase separated by the screen 12 (about 10% of the total slurry volume) is gravitationally flushed. The drainage trap is provided at the end of the two-chamber solid-phase storage tank 15, which, when connected to the drainage channel 1a, directly discharges the effluent into the ignition and lifting shaft 5. From the side of the river, the chambers of the 15-chamber solid-state storage tank are open. Slip the solid phase out of the pool with a straw bale wall. The internal size of the two-chamber solid phase storage tank 15 allows the solid phase to be removed after loading by using stackers and trucks.

It is apparent from the above that once the slurry has been applied to the 12-mesh screen, it is again possible for the slurry phase separated by the 12-mesh screen to continue gravitationally again. In the exemplary case, alongside the two-chamber solid phase storage basin, a ground starting from the ordered terrain and reaching the height of the two-chamber solid phase storage basin (2.5 m) provides the possibility of the gravity of the dilute phase separated by the 12 screen. At the highest point of the earth, a horizontal-flow container filter 16 is installed to which the flexible gravity drain line 14 of the screen 12 is movably connected.

The 16 horizontal flow container straw filters consist of four main parts:

- 17 receiving mines,

- 19 container filter units,

- 23 filter containers,

- 27 translation shafts,

The receiving shaft 17 forms the concrete fertilizer with the container filter unit 19 and the turning shaft 27, while the filter container 23 forms a prefabricated movable steel frame with a steel mesh in which the trampled straw for filtering is placed.

Each of the four main parts has a separate function for filtering the suspended solids content of the slurry and for transmitting the filtered slurry. The main parts are organically connected to each other via mediation units and are also in the order of gravity.

The receiving shaft 17 provides for homogenization, damping, and laminarization of the turbulent movement of the dilute phase transported by the flexible gravity drain line 14. The vertical side wall of the receiving shaft 20 is here, other than the baffle 21 of the receiving shaft 21, which is at least 500 mm higher than the bottom plate level of the receiving shaft 18. The bottom plate of the receiving shaft 18 and the vertical side wall of the receiving shaft 20 and the deflecting wall 21 of the receiving shaft 21 are connected at an angle of greater than 90 'to less than 18' to prevent unloading. The vertical side walls of the receiving shaft 20 are at least 300 mm higher than the level of the surrounding terrain. The connection between the receiving shaft 17 and the container filter unit 19 is provided by the liquid damping guide unit 22. It has a length of at least 500 mm and a drop of the bottom plate 22a of at least 50 mm.

The turbulent motion of the homogenizing dilute phase swirling in the receiving shaft 17 is rendered laminar by the azal-71

The bowl that the receiving shaft 21, by sliding through the bottom of the sliding phase through the baffle, is about led to the filter container 23. The container filter unit 19 is the larger unit of the horizontal flow container filter 16. Here the filter containers 23 are placed, the number of which is at least three within a horizontal flow container straw filter 16.

The side walls of the container filter unit 19 have the same height as the receiving shaft 17. Its floor level shall be at least 2000 mm wide and shall have a variable line, horizontal (container anchorage 23a) and inclined (bottom 24a of the guide unit 24a).

Their order is as follows:

The lower level of the bottom plate of the fluid dampening guide unit 22a is the same as the bottom plate 23b of the first container anchorage. The container anchorage 23a is at least 1000 mm long, the bottom plate 23b has no fall, and is horizontal. The separating boundaries are the horizontal container anchoring grooves 23c and 23d, which are positioned when the reinforced steel strainer 16 is installed, are material and acid and alkali resistant and provide for the positioning and securing of the filter container 23.

Connected to the first container anchorage 23a is a first guide unit 24 having a bottom plate 24a of at least 500 mm in length and a drop of at least 50 mm. The side walls of the horizontal flow container strainer 16 are the side walls of the container filter unit 19. It provides an increase in the flow rate of the dilute phase passing through the first filter container 23 by dropping its bottom plate 24a, and further guides the dilute phase to the next filter container 23. The container anchorage points 23a and the guide units 24 alternate as described above. Within a horizontal flow container straw filter 16, at least three container anchorages 23a and at least three guide units 24 are disposed.

The lower edge of the bottom plate 24b of the underwater guide unit 24a starting from the last container anchorage location 23a is at the same level as the bottom plate 27a of the turning shaft 27. The manhole 27 is an integral part of the horizontal flow container straw filter 16. It provides a reversal of the flow direction of the dilute phase flowing horizontally through the filter containers 23 and is connected to the stepped connecting ditch or conduit 29a.

The filter container 23 is a prefabricated movable steel frame with a steel safety net consisting of 25 vertical guide rails, horizontal guide rail 25a, filter container side walls 25b and filter container bottom plate 25c. 26 lifting rings ensure emptying and lifting of the lifting slings. For a horizontal flow container filter 16, at least four filter containers 23 are required, of which one is a spare. Filled with straw in the area adjacent to the 16 horizontal flow straw filters, the straw should be loaded against swelling. It is removed and lifted by crane or excavator. It ensures that saturated straw does not come into contact with humans and can be replaced quickly and easily.

The horizontal flow container filter 16 provides for removal of suspended solids from the liquid phase. The first of at least three of the 23 filter containers placed in it will fill up soonest. This means that the loss of its filtering ability will cause the dilute phase, which is constantly rising before it, to fail. Therefore, their height is in all cases smaller than the enclosure size of the 16 horizontal-flow container strainers. The failure is also an indication to the operating staff that the filter container 23 is to be replaced. This can be done with 23 filter containers. The second and third filter containers 23 will then be placed in a similar position, but due to their continuous interchangeability, the performance of the horizontal flow container straw filter 16 will always be the same.

The slurry phase, free of solids and suspended solids leaving the horizontal flow container strainer 16, enters the stair or duct 29a. This connecting and drain clamp is also between the horizontal flow container 16 straw filter and the filter groove 30. This function is accomplished by a bottom drop of at least 500 mm built into the bottom (eliminating damaging backwater swell anywhere in the filter trenches).

The connection between the stair connecting trench 29a or conduit and the filter trench 30 is provided by guiding shafts 28. In the exemplary case, the 29a step duct or duct is made of 1000x600 mm U-elements, covered with road load-bearing covers. The guide shafts 28 are also sized accordingly. The function of the guiding shafts 28 is twofold: the liner closure 28b changes the flow direction of the stair connection 29a (thereby loading different strainers 30), and the liner shutter 28b shuts the shutter 30 out of operation.

The level of the bottom plate of the guiding shafts 28a is at least 500 mm lower than the bottom edge of the bottom plate 24b of the horizontal flow container straw filter 16, or optionally the bottom plate 27a of the turning shaft 27.

In the exemplary case, the stair connecting duct or conduit 29a operates two filtering shafts 30 with two guiding shafts 28 and four insertion shields 28b, alternately located in the highest area of the earth, according to the respective insertion shield.

The geometric dimensions (length, width, particle size, etc.) of the earth, starting from the ordered terrain level and reaching the height of the two-chamber solid phase storage pools, are determined by the filter trenches 30 located thereon.

In the exemplary embodiment, the apparatus has two filter trays 30 disposed between the guideways 28 and the manholes 31. Each filter trench 30 comprises six 32 filter sections located one behind the other. The individual filter sections 32 are interconnected by breaker shafts 33. The inside of the sidewalls of the filter sections 32a and the bottom plates of the filter sections 32b has been roughened for better embedding of particulate filter material.

HU 203 707 In ben. The side walls of the filter sections 32a have an angle of greater than 90, preferably 135 °, with the bottom plate of the filter sections 32b. The side walls of the filter sections 32a terminate in vertical-walled sealing teeth 32c on both sides. The filter sections 32 and the breaker shafts 33 are arranged relative to one another in a cassette system. A filter section 32 with a length of at least 20 m. The bottom plate of the filter sections 32b has a drop of at least 20 mm per 10 m. The length of the breaker shafts 33 is at least 2 m. Each filter section 32 is delimited by a steel mesh support member 32d and a perforated closure member 32e. The upstream side of the breakers 33 is formed by the perforated closure 32e and the underwater side by the steel mesh support 32d. The upstream side of the manhole 31 is formed by the perforated closure 32e of the last to the lowest filter section 32, the underwater side of the manhole 31 being formed by the mouth 35 of the lower connecting line connecting the manhole 31 to the manifolds 34.

The bottom plate of the breaker shafts 33a is horizontal and its plane is at least 200 mm deeper than the deepest level of the bottom plate of the upstream filter section 32b. In the filter sections 32, a particulate filter material containing natural clay minerals (zeolites) is cut and graded between the steel mesh support 32d and the perforated closure 32e.

The filter sections 32 are constructed of prefabricated elements of trapezoidal section, made of waterproofing. The top bracing of the elements is broken by on-site concreting. Breathing ensures the placement and support of blanket straw bales during winter operation. At the upstream end of the filter sections 32, the steel mesh support members 32d are provided, and at the underwater end, the perforated closure members 32e are provided. They are placed in grooves suitably formed in the concrete sidewalls of the feed shaft 28, the drain apple 31 and the breaker shafts 33. The steel mesh support 32d, while supporting the filter material 60, allows the dilute phase to flow freely into the mineral filter medium. The perforated closure 32e, while supporting the filter material 60, ensures that the inlet liquid phase in the filter section 32 is swollen to an appropriate level, retained in the particulate filter medium for a sufficient amount of time, and can flow through the perforation.

The filling of the filter sections 32 is then as follows (the numbering also means gravitational succession):

No. 1 Filling the filter section with 5-15 mm diameter filter material up to 1 m ² , 1 m ³ / fm.

No. 2 filter section is the same as in section no. those filter section.

No. 3 Filling the filter section with 5-10 mm diameter filter material up to 1 m ² section, 1 m ³ / fm.

No. 4 filter section is the same as in section 3. those filter section.

No. 5 Filling the filter section with 4 to 8 mm diameter filter material up to 1 m ² gauge surface, 1 m ³ / fm.

No. 6 the filter section is the same as in section 5. those filter section.

The mineral composition of the 60 filter materials in each of the 32 filter sections:

30% of the phyllo- or layered silicates are 10% illite for clay minerals and 20% for montmorillonite;

Of the tectonic or scaffold silicates, 70% of the clinoptilolite belonging to the zeolites is 40% and the mordenite mineral is 30%.

The cleaning process in the 30 filter trays:

- All 32e perforated closures are closed.

- flooding of filter section 32 with pre-filtered dilute phase by actuating the appropriate liner shutter 28b.

- Prefiltered liquid phase swelling up to the threshold level of the stepped junction or conduit 29a or to the upper level of the loaded filter material 60.

- opening the perforated closure 32e of filter section 32 according to the amount of pre-filtered diluted phase from the horizontal flow container straw filter 16.

Radial injection of the purified dilute phase through the perforations into the breaker 33.

- flooding of filter section 32 up to the upper level of filter material 60.

- opening the perforated closure 32e of filter section 32 32 to the extent of the downstream flow.

- Radial injection of purified dilute phase through perforations into the next breaker shaft.

thus proceeds to the perforated closure 32e of the increasingly filtered slurry filter section 32, when the slurry phase, which has been cleaned of dirt already dissolved, leaves the filter trench 30.

During the technological process, the pre-filtered diluted phase undergoes the following physico-chemical-biological interactions in the filter trays:

The dilute phase leaving the 16 horizontal flow container straw filters still contains about 30% suspended solids and contains colloidal and pure dissolved contaminants. In the gaps of the particulate filter media, the floating and colloidal impurities of the liquid phase are bound (physical purification filtration), and in the absence of oxygen, an anaerobic decomposition process (biological purification) begins, whereby the resulting sludge flakes are deposited. It is. The corners, edges and pores of the filter material particles are chemically purified by ion exchange. The position of the cassette allows you to move the downstream cassette into an increasingly active filter medium in a clearer state of the dilute phase, thereby cleaning more efficiently.

The purified dilute phase leaving the filter trench 30 enters the manifold 34 via the drain shaft 31. The two

The filter trench, and thus the two drainage shafts 31, are connected by the lower connecting line 35. The design of the drain shafts 31 and the lower connecting pipe 35 is completely analogous to the construction of the stair connecting pipe 29a, which is completely analogous to that of the connecting trench 29a or the conductor shafts 28a. The highest point of the bottom level of the manifolds 34 is at least 500 mm deeper than the bottom level of the drain shaft 31. This is necessary so that the water level produced by swelling in the manifolds 34 does not adversely affect the filter passages 30. The purified dilute phase, leaving the filter trench 30, enters the final waste water disposal space 36. The wastewater storage space 36 is nothing more than a biological post-treatment plant where any remaining impurities in the liquid phase are finally decomposed. We provide this process in a drained, populated area populated with poplar.

The function of the divisions 34 is:

The intermittent flooding of the filter area formed by drainage pipes 37 and crotches 39, preferably poplar wood, is effected through three 0 0 150 PVC drainage pipes 38 per irrigated strip. According to its function, the divider grooves 34a are divided into sections. The opening, thus providing access to the drainage area 36, is provided by two passageways with a 3: 2m crown width, 1: 2, 0 219 steel pipe and NA 200 gate valve. The TEMIZOL quilt serves to protect the passage.

The divert trench sections 34a also divide the drainage compartment 36 into sections.

The procedure for intermittent flooding of the 36 sewerage areas:

Locking of both gate valves. Water level expansion in the first partition section 34a, start of flooding. The maximum flooding level is the top of the 0 150 PVC drainage pipes 38, which is the same as the flow bottom level of the filter trenches 30 and drainage shafts 31.

Opening the front slider. The flooding of the first phase will cease. Swelling of the water level in the second section 34a, the beginning of flooding. The maximum level of flooding is the top of the 0 150 PVC 38 spout, which is the same level as the lower level of the first section PVC 38 spout.

Opening the second valve. The second phase of flooding will also cease. Water level swelling in the third section 34a, the onset of flooding. The maximum flooding level is the top of the 015 PVC floodpipe 38, which is the same as the lower level of the floodpipe 38 of the second divider section 34a.

The manifolds 34 are enclosed channels or closed conduits.

The size of the drainage space 36, with drainage, poplar, poplar, and 43 barrier filling, is determined by the amount of liquid phase to be deposited per day. Your specific area may be flooded with rainfall of 2000 mm / year, together with the average annual rainfall for the area. The drainage space 36 is bordered by a protective charge 43 with a 3: 1 crown width from the manifold 34, otherwise a 0.6 m crown width. Its level design corresponds to the elevation pattern of the manifolds 34.

The size of the ridge 39, the row and planting distance and the type of vegetation 41 should always be supported by a forestry expert opinion, depending on the particular soil conditions.

The function of the wastewater storage space 36 is to perform post-purification tasks consisting of evaporation of the vegetation 41, filtration of the soil and decomposition of the microorganisms in the soil. A good grit filter or other solution (eg liming) that best suits the local soil conditions promotes the good functioning of the drainage pipes.

The purified liquid phase collected by the drainage pipes 37 of the drainage area 36 can no longer be termed wastewater because the amount of its contaminants is below the specified thresholds for further purification and can therefore be discharged into a live stream.

For this purpose, the collecting ducts 42 are provided, the bottom level 42a of which is at least 300 mm below the drainage level of the drainage pipes 37, but above and above the maximum water level 44 of the receiving water flow area. This makes it possible that the damaging backwash from the receiving water flow in the collecting ditches 42 does not cause problems in the operation of the drainage pipes 37.

In the case of an infectious animal disease subject to a notification obligation, the so-called 36 sewerage areas will be subject to a so-called. it becomes a health lock-out area, where the infected slurry must be deposited without phase separation and then plowed in the area after the incubation period.

Example 2

Medium meat plant wastewater treatment and disposal with cassette-type wastewater treatment plant (Q = 450 m ³ / d, COD = 0-6000 mg / l, fat = 0600 mg / l, operating time 16 hours).

“The waste water from the meat industry contains large amounts of organic matter (blood, other animal proteins, fats, feces, urine, etc.). The amount of salt contamination during the maturing, steaming and cleaning of the meat, as well as the amount of detergents used in the washing of equipment is not negligible. There is a lot of litter, pieces of meat and gut, nails, hair, and inevitably litter from the stomach and intestines. As a result, wastewater begins to undergo intensive rotting in a short period of time with strong odor discharges. Therefore, wastewater treatment must start at the very moment of generation. From a microbiological point of view, wastewater deserves special attention.

The total germ number at 37 ° C is in the range of ΙΟ ^{9 to} 10 ¹⁰ in 1 ml water; the volumetric number is 10 ^ -1O ^ / ml, of which the coli faecal number is 10 ⁷ -10 ⁸ . Of the enteric pathogenic microorganisms that are pathogenic to humans, Salmonella and Pseudomonas deserve special mention. ” (Dr. Tookos: Wastewater Treatment of Meat Industry).

It is a prerequisite for using the equipment of the invention that the waste from certain stages of processing in the meat plant is

EN 203 707 Separate from water at point A. This results in less polluted and easier-to-clean wastewater (for example, trays or containers can only draw blood into the wastewater due to washing, etc.). The wastewater from the various parts of the meat plant is discharged into the gravity collecting channel 1. The channel diameter is NA 300, material is KGPVC. The manhole is equipped with on-site or prefabricated manholes made of concrete or prefabricated concrete elements. Connections to gravity collector channel 1 are watertight.

The gravity collecting channel 1 flows into the lattice shaft 48. The grille 48 allows the larger floating and drifting sediment carried by the gravity collector channel 1 to be retained (solid grid 50 mm, grid 46 fine 10 mm). The rough grid 45 and the fine grid 46 in the example are a curved machine-type flat grid, the gratings being at an angle of 68 'to the horizontal, 60 cm wide. The lattice debris is placed in collection containers 47 and transported by collection containers 47 to the area of processing, disposal or disposal. The location of the grids is justified by the unnecessary load on the purification system and the protection of the drainage pump 6 of the collecting and lifting shaft 5. The shut-off valve 3 allows for temporary bypassing of the collecting and lifting shaft 5 (eg repairing a short malfunction, performing other installation work, possible power failure, etc.). The 48 lattice shafts are made of C 12 monolith reinforced concrete.

The mechanically pre-treated wastewater leaving the grid 48 arrives at the collecting and lifting wells 5. The useful volume of the 5 manholes is 4.5 m ³ . This volume allows the average hourly amount of wastewater generated in the meat plant for 16 hours to be lifted by the built-in wastewater pumps 6 at 4-6 turns per hour. The two built-in 6 sewage pump types are Flygt CP 3126, twice the average hourly wastewater. They are operated alternately in automatic mode with level sensors. The wastewater pumping pumps 6 pass the wastewater into a pressure pipe 7 of KMPVC material NA 200 mm in diameter.

Between the discharge line 7 and the manifold and lifting shaft 5 is located the sliding water lifting shaft 8, in which fittings are provided for the alternate operation of the sewage lifting pumps 6 (two two shut-off valves and non-return valves). The internal mechanical design of the gate valve manhole also allows the discharge pipe 7 to be emptied

The discharge line 7 is connected to a fixed screen 12 mounted above the space level in the engine room 49 of the arc screen. The 12 screen screens are of the BVG 610 type. The filter plate has a gap of 1.5 mm.

The machine screen 49, which is a fixed building with a solid substructure, is equipped with the screen screen 50, which is either a spray gun connected to a pressurized hot water hose or a nozzle connected to a steam line to provide the screen 12 and the grate 46 and slit 46 respectively.

The washing water, which has been washed from the arc screen 12, and which is soiled with grease, is returned to the collecting and lifting shaft 5 via the feed line 51. The feed line 51 is an open channel in the vicinity of the arc screen 12 which gravitationally flows into the collecting and lifting shaft 5.

The solid debris separated by the screen 12 is discharged into the collection container 47 located under the screen 12, which is emptied at appropriate intervals. As the waste water passes through the screen 12, the mechanical pre-cleaning is completed. With these devices, 98-100% of the pieces of dirt can be removed.

The mechanically pre-treated waste water leaves the arc screen 12 into the gravity drain line 52. The gravity drain line 52 is connected to a composite structure 53 mounted below ground level. The 53 combined artefacts are the common artefacts of sand traps, single-level setters and grease teeth, which are widely used in domestic wastewater treatment. The composite structure 53 thus allows the mineral sediment of the wastewater to settle, the suspended solids and colloidal organic matter adsorbed on the sediment, and the emulsified fat content to float. These are removed by conventional means (removal of grease and other debris from the container 47 next to the combined artwork 53, removal of sediment in a suction cup).

(Using the 53 combined artefacts, 80-95% of the settable floating material, 4050 of the total floating material, 10-20 of the colloidal floating material, 30-50 of the BOD5, 40-60 of the COD 40-60, CCL ₄ are removed. )

However, the embodiment of the composite artwork 53 is different from the conventional one in that it has a flood opening 54 on its side opposite the gravity drain line 52.

The dimensions of the 53 composite works are: 4x4 m, height 3 m, of which 2 m below floor level, 1 m above floor level.

The dimensions of the flood opening 54 are: 4 m wide, 1 m high, 0.5 m -1.5 tn down from the roof level of the 53 composite structures.

The spout 54 comprises a steel mesh support member 32d made of a dense woven acid-base material.

The composite structure 53 is also organically connected to a filter bed 55, also constructed of concrete, consisting of filter sections 32 disposed in a cubicle bath, breaker shafts 33 between each filter section 32 and a drain shaft 31 following the final filter section 32.

The dimensions of each filter section 32 are 50 m long, 10 m wide, and 1.5 m internal height, of which the first 32 filter sections, which are connected to 53 composite structures, are 1 m above and 0.5 m below.

The drop of the bottom plate of the filter section 32b in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the filter section 32 is 100 mm

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EN 203 707 A m, while at right angles to the longitudinal axis 50 mm from each side wall at 5-5 m. The side wall of the filter sections 32 facing the composite 53, i.e. the underwater side wall of the filter section 56, is only 1 m high relative to the bottom level of the bottom section of the filter section 32b.

At the top of the underwater sidewall 56 is a fixed 32d steel mesh support bracket of size m x 0.3 m. The drain valve is located axially in the underside sidewall.

The first filter section 32 is organically connected to a breaker shaft having dimensions of 10 m wide, 1.5 m long and 2 m high.

Level of the bottom plate of the breaker shaft 33a

500 mm below the deepest point of the bottom plate of the filter section 32b. The upstream side wall of the breaker 58 is the same as the underwater side wall of the filter section 56.

The underside sidewall of the breaker 59, similarly to the composite structure, has a flood opening 54 provided with a steel mesh support 32d so that the position of the flood opening 54 is symmetrical with respect to the axis 33 of the breaker 33 about the breaker shaft 33a. The underside sidewall of the breaker 59, together with the flood opening 54, is the upstream sidewall of the next filter section.

In the exemplary case, the composite artwork 53 is followed by three filter sections 32 with two breaker shafts 33. The design of the drain shaft 31 is completely analogous to the breaker shaft 33 except that there is no underwater sidewall because no filter section 32 is connected thereto.

The filter bed 55 formed as described above should then be filled with filter material 60 as follows:

The height of 600 m ^{3 of} filter material (from 5-15 mm in diameter medium) placed in the first filter section 32 is 1.2 m above the plane of the bottom plate of the filter section 32b. In this case, the filter material 60 in the filter section 32 is 20 cm higher than the upper edge of the flood opening 54 of the combined artwork 53 and 20 cm higher than the top of the underwater sidewall of the filter section 56. The 20 cm excess filter material 60 is supported by the steel mesh support 32d.

Filling the second and third filter sections 32 with filter material 60 is the same as the first filter section 32.

The difference is in the mineral composition of the filter material 60.

Mineral composition of the 60 filter materials of the first filter section 32:

illite to clay minerals among phyllo or layered silicates; 15%, montmorillonite: 15%;

- of the tectonic or scaffold silicates, the clinoptilolite belonging to the ze9olites: 40%, mordenite: 30%.

Filter composition 60 of filter material of second filter section 32:

- of the phyllo or layer silicates, the illite for clay minerals: 10%, for monmorillonite: 10%;

- of the tectonic or rack silicates the clinoptilolite belonging to the zeolites: 50%, mordenite: 30%.

Mineral composition of 60 filters of third filter section 32:

- clay minerals for ear or layer silicates: 10%, montmorillonite: 10%;

- clinoptilolite of the tectonic or scaffold silicates: 60%, mordenite: 20%;

The filter material 60, mixed in the filter sections 32 as described above, is then deposited with vegetation 42 reeds (PHRAGMITES COMMUNIS).

The 55 beds with 41 vegetation and 60 filter media will be subject to the following loads after enhanced pre-cleaning:

- 5-20% suspended solids,

- 50-60% of total suspended matter,

- colloidal suspended matter 80-90%,

- BOIg 50-70%

- COD 40-60%,

CCL ₄ extract 30-40%.

The filter bed 55 absorbs this pollutant load in combination with chemical and biological purification.

The process of flooding the wastewater according to the gravitational sequences of the filter sections 32 and the breaker shafts 33 in the cassette system is as follows:

- filling the composite artwork 53 up to the lower edge of the flood opening 54,

- drainage of wastewater through the inlet 54 into the first filter section 32, the loading of the filter section 32 up to the height of the underwater sidewall of the filter section 56,

- pouring the waste water into the first breaker 33 and simultaneously starting the filling of the second filter section 32,

- filling the second filter section 32 with the height of the underwater sidewall of the filter section 56,

- the discharge of wastewater into the second breaker 33 at the same time as the start of filling of the third filter section 32,

- filling the third filter section 32 up to the height of the underwater sidewall of the filter section 56,

- the drainage of sewage into the 31 drain pits,

- drainage of waste water to the recipient.

m ³ 60 filtration material can absorb approximately the following amounts of wastewater: 50% void space between particles, 25% internal void volume, which is 337.5 m ^{3 of} absorbable waste water for a filter section 32 of 500 m ³ 60. Additional amounts of wastewater can be calculated by evaporation and reed water usage, or stored in the combined artwork 53 and the breaker shafts 33.

In comparison, it turns into an elemental (dirty) water12

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EN 203 707 The granule is in the cleaning system for 72 hours.

Wastewater treatment in the 55 filter beds proceeds as follows:

settable and all suspended solids, and

- the colloidal floating material binds in the space between the particles,

- impurities in the real solution bind and ionize on the specific surfaces and inner pores of the filter media 60.

All this under anaerobic conditions, since the waste water in the filter section 32 is located 20 cm below the upper level of the inserted filter material 60, and is also excluded from oxygen due to its existing fat content. The situation thus created is very favorable for the growth of anaerobic bacteria, thus, besides chemical ionization, active biological processes take place. By installing reeds in an oxygen-free cleaning space, oxygen enrichment occurs in the area around the reed root, where living conditions are best suited to aerobic bacterial growth.

Within a short period of time the wastewater is treated simultaneously with aerobic and anaerobic bacterial purification, undergoing chemical ion exchange, while some of it is utilized as a plant nutrient.

The 72 hours of waste water in the purification system is sufficient to be purified to the extent that it can be discharged into a live stream or to be transferred to another technology or to be discharged into a public sewer.

Example 3

Purification and placement of municipal or municipal wastewater with cassette-type wastewater treatment plant in a circular arrangement (Q = 500100m ³ / day).

The most characteristic feature of municipal or municipal wastewater is that most of the contaminants (60-70%) are of organic origin, and min. 50% is present in dissolved form. Therefore, purification by biological methods is the most reliable. In the exemplary case, this method is other than a screen bed combined with reed in Example 2, but in another embodiment. The ashy arrangement shown in the title means that the system is centered on the combined artwork 53 which receives the municipal sewage, where the wastewater is distributed to the filter fields 68 radially surrounding the artwork.

In this example, it is assumed that the cassette-type sewage treatment plant is built on the outskirts of a settlement that does not have a built-in sewage system, and therefore municipal sewage is collected and delivered to the treatment plant with 61 suction trolleys (which does not exclude already has a solution with a sewage network and a treatment plant, but its capacity has become insufficient, or one gravity collecting channel and 61 suction sewage collection are used together).

Depending on the town being 500 or 1000 m ³ of wastewater to be treated per day, two or three 67 cassettes are formed (a 67 cassette consists of 3 filter fields 68 located one above the other), one of which is always spare. The fourth 67 cassettes provide storage for the resulting sewage sludge.

The essence of system sizing is that a wastewater in 67 cubicles should stay on the filter fields for a minimum of 72 hours. For 500 m ³ / day of wastewater, this condition is provided by three rectangular trapezoidal 68 filter fields with 1420 m ² surface area, 0.5 m thick filter material 60 and 41 vegetation (reed). The 0.5 m filter material 60 on a surface area of 1420 m ² represents a mass of 710 m ^{3 of} filter material having a free volume (intermolecular space and internal pore space of the particles) of 500 m ³ .

There are economic reasons for the arrangement of the 67 cascades. With a single composite object 53, there are several options for increasing the cleaning capacity (e.g., increasing the surface area of filter fields 68 or increasing the number of cassettes 67 or a combination thereof). After exhausting the cleaning capacity of one 67 baths, the 67 baths can be regenerated (removal of 41 vegetation, washing of filter material 60 with fresh water, installation of new vegetation 41).

An important consideration is the location of the facility. Given that in this method waste water is flushed to the filter fields 68, some odor formation is unavoidable. Therefore, the site of the treatment plant should be located at the boundary of the settlement where the prevailing wind direction is from the settlement to the sewage treatment plant. It is advisable to surround the colony with a forest strip of shrub and medium-growing trees. System space requirements are low. For the treatment of 1000 m ³ / day of wastewater, including the disposal of sewage sludge and the installation of a protective forest strip, a 100 m radius area is perfectly sufficient.

The composite structure 53, which is a rectangular concrete structure with a radius of 2 m or 4 m by 4 m with an internal water level equal to 40 m ^{3 of} useful reservoir volume and ground level, will be placed at the center of the circle. For 53 combined works of art

A 4 m wide, paved inlet passage 62 is connected, which is to be formed with a two-sided fall. The unloading gate 63 is disposed on the road axis side of the composite structure 53 in the upper third of the usable storage space.

The suction trap 61 of the suction trolley 61 may be flexibly connected to the elevation portion of the flap 63. The turning of the suction trolley 61 is made possible by a plateau-wide extension of the inlet path 62 in the area adjacent to the combined structure 53. The introduction of suction sewage in the upper third of the water column formed in the composite 53 does not prevent sedimentation in the lower third of the composite 53 and does not cause a surge of water in the upper third.

At the top of the composite 53 are 64 inlets

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It is configured to remove sedimented sand and suspended matter from the composite body 53 by means of the suction trolley 61.

In the line of axis of the composite structure 53 perpendicular to the axis of the axis, there are two flood apertures 54 on each side of the composite structure 53 at the height of the internal water level (on the deck). The size of the 54 flood apertures: length 1 m;

height 0.2 m.

A filter grille 65 with a 1 cm rod should be placed in the flood apertures 54. The side wall of the composite artwork 53 is organically fitted with a spout 66 or pipe formed of concrete, which serves to drain sedimented waste water from the composite artwork through the spout opening 54 into the filter field 68. The flood channels or pipes 66 are arranged parallel to the axis of the inlet path 62. Their bottom level falls by 50 mm at 75 m. Cross-section! their design is as follows:

The side walls of the inlet passage 62 are higher than the side walls of the filter field 20 68 in order to initiate the surface flooding of the filter fields 68 at a certain water level in their inlet. The side of the drainage channel 66 or tube 66 facing the filter field 68 is also the upper support 25 of the first filter field 68 of the bath tub 67. The spout 66 or pipe has a bottom width of 500 mm and a depth of 60 mm (or min. 0 30 cm concrete pipe). The filter field 68 has a further side, perpendicular to the channel 676 or pipe, having a side length of 38 m and a side length closer to the composite 53 of 2 m.

The filter field 68 has a depth of 500 mm. It is formed by machines, since the material of its sidewalls and bottom plates is actually soil or waterproofing clay. Between two filter fields 68 there is a concrete tub 69 which allows the difference between the filter fields 68 fits. 40 Level difference between filter fields 68 is 100 mm. A cage 67 consists of three filter fields 68 spaced 100 mm below each other, which collectively use a quarter of the area of the circular cleaning plant. 45

The third, third filter field 689 in the level also has a sidewall 689 as well as the side wall of the collecting channel 70.

The liquid collected therein is the purified sewage, which can be discharged through the collecting channel 70 to the recipient. 50

The filter fields 68 (clay plastered) on the watertight shall be filled with 700 m ³ of filter material per filter field, having the following mineral composition:

- of the phyllo or layer silicate, 15% illite for clay minerals and 15% for montmorillonite;

- clinoptilolite for tectonic or scaffold silicates: 45%, mordenite: 25%.

All mineral components have a particle diameter of 5 to 15 mm and are mixed in the filter field 68.

After the filter material 60 has been placed, filter field 68 is planted with 41 plants. The row and stem spacing of the reed is 20 x 20 cm.

The process of wastewater treatment is as follows:

In the 53 combined artefacts, sedimentation, filtration, and periodic removal of sewage sludge to the fourth 67 cassettes.

The 68 filter fields contain chemical ion exchange on the three-layer surfactant minerals, aerobic biological treatment in the root zone of the installed reed, aerobic biological treatment in the oxygen deficient areas, combined with the total oxidation utilization of the sewage sludge produced by the filtration, the plant.

After the equilibrium of the filter fields 68, the wastewater treatment is self-regulated and does not require any intervention.

Advantages of the invention over other known methods:

the. ) Has one of the most energy consuming machine equipment in the collection and lifting shaft pumps, but their operation can be automated.

b. ) After a single lifting, the treatment and disposal of the wastewater is done by gravity, so one person is sufficient to monitor the process and manage the equipment or facilities.

c. ) The operator is not physically in contact with the waste water and is therefore most suitable for health and safety.

d. ) Possible interventions - such as filter material change, straw filter change - can be done with existing machines (truck excavator, drau, etc.).

e. ) The relationship between sewage and slurry pollutants and groundwater is excluded.

f. ) Winter mode is safe. The system is self-heating.

g. ) Technology provides complete screening, environmentally friendly disposal and use of slurry and various wastewater components essential to agriculture

h. ) Saturated mineral filter media are more valuable than trace elements, not only for organic and fertilizer substitutes. Significant calcium and magnesium content in soil improves.

i. ) Filter material can be produced relatively cheaply from rocks containing natural clay minerals and zeolites occurring in our mountainous areas, and transported in bulk to the place of use.

j. ) Low operating costs of the equipment;

the sale or use of solid organic fertilizers, liquid organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers that can replace fertilizers, can make the investment costs of the facility more profitable without taking into account the increase in yields or the resulting benefits.

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS I. Equipment for cleaning and disposal of municipal, industrial or agricultural wastewater, in particular slurry, in a cistern, with a gravity manifold or a suction trolley, a drainage or return line, a lattice-manhole or grid, a collector and a sump, shut-off valve with shut-off valve, flexible shut-off pipe for supplying waste water to arc screen, arc screen, operating bridge for holding and moving the screen, machine chamber, arc-screen wash-out, two-way gravity drainage, gravity drain, guiding manhole (s), connecting line (s), flood channel or pipe, lower connecting line © ( 35), characterized in that the apparatus has at least two filter trenches (30) disposed between the feed shaft (28) and the drain shaft (31), or optionally at least one filter bed (55). , located between the composite artwork (53) and the manhole (31), or optionally having at least two cisterns (67) disposed between the flood channel or pipe (66) and the collecting channel (70); each filter trench (30) or filter bed (55) comprising at least three successive filter sections (32) or, in this case, a cassette (67) comprising at least three successive filter fields (68); the individual filter sections (32) being interconnected by the interruption shafts (33) or optionally the filter fields (68) by cassette walls (69); the inner surface of the side walls (32a) of the filter sections and the bottom plates (32b) of the filter sections are roughened; the side walls (32a) of the filter sections close to an angle of 90 'or 90', preferably 13 5 ', with the bottom plate (32b) of the filter sections; the sidewalls (32a) of the filter sections optionally terminating on both sides with sealing teeth (32c) having vertical walls; the filter sections (32) and the interruption shafts (33), or optionally the filter fields (68) separated by a cassette wall (69), are arranged in a cassette system relative to one another; each filter section (32) has a length of at least 20 m, or optionally a filter field (68) has a storage volume of at least the daily amount of waste water to be treated; a drop of the bottom plate (32b) of the filter sections at least 20 mm per 10 m; the length of the breaking shafts (33) is at least 1.5 m; a filter section (32) with a mesh support (32d) on the one hand and a perforated closure member (32e) or, where appropriate, a flow port (54) with a steel mesh support (32d) and a side wall (3 2d) with a mesh support (3 2d) ), or optionally, a filter field (68) is bounded by a cassette wall (69) 300 mm wide by 1000 mm deep, of which 500 mm is embedded in the ground; the upstream side (51) of the breaker manifolds is formed by the perforated closure member (32e), the underwater side is formed by the steel mesh support member (32d), or optionally the upstream side wall (58) of the breaker manifolds is formed by the an underwater sidewall (59), together with a spout (54), an upstream sidewall of the next filter section (32); the underwater sidewall (56) of the filter sections or the upstream sidewall (58) of the interruption shafts provides for the position of the drain gate (57); the upstream side of the manhole (31) being the perforated closure member (32e) of the last or lowest filter section (32) or optionally the underwater sidewall (56) of the filter section, the downstream side of the manhole (31) being divided by manifolds (34) or 31) it is a mouth or a mouth of a public or collecting canal (70); the diverting ditches (34) directly or indirectly into the drainage space (36) or into a public sewer; the gravity collecting channel (1) extends through the grid carrier shaft (4) or the grating shaft (48) into the collecting and lifting shaft (5) or the suction hopper (61) drain pipe to the offset located on the axle side of the composite artwork (53) 63) connected; the discharge pipe (7) and the discharge pipe (9) provided with the sewage pump (6) and the shut-off pipe (9) connected to the two-chamber solid phase storage tank (15) by a discharge pipe (7) and a shut-off valve (10) 12) connects a pressure line (7) with a flexible discharge pipe (11) or optionally a gate valve manhole (8) to an arc screen (12) located in the arc screen machine housing (49); the flexible gravity drain line (14) of the arc screen (12) with the handling bridge (13) is movably connected to the receiving shaft (17) of the horizontal flow container filter (s) (16) or the gravity drain line (52) of the fixed screen screen (12) (53) connected fixedly; the two-chamber solid-phase reservoir (15) being connected directly to the lattice basket shaft (4) or the collecting and lifting shaft (5) via the fluid drainage channel (1a) or through the wash water feed line (51) of the screen screen washer (50); a horizontal flow container straw filter (16) having at least three container anchoring locations (23a) and a filter container (23) therein, connected to the filter traps (30) or composite mesh (53) by means of a connecting line (29), preferably a turning shaft (27) a flood channel or tube (66) connected to the filter field (68) with a spout opening (54) provided with a support element (32d), connected to the filter bed (55) or a spout opening (54) with a filter grid (65); the bottom edge (24b) of the bottom flap (24b) of the horizontal flow container straw filter (16) or the plane of the bottom plate (27a) of the turning shaft (s) is at least 500 mm higher than the plane of the bottom plate (28a) of the manhole (s) ; the plane of the bottom plate of the composite object (53) is at least 1000 mm below the highest point of the bottom plate of the connecting filter bed (55) or, if appropriate, the lower plane of the flood opening (54) or flood channel or pipe (66); a drop of the bottom plates (32b) of the filter sections at least 20 mm per 10 m; the bottom plate (33a) of the breaking shafts is horizontal and its plane is at least 200 mm deeper -151 EN 203 707 Depth level of the bottom section plate (32b) of the filter section; optionally the difference between the plane of the bottom plate of the filter fields (68) is horizontal and the level of at least 100 mm between the filter fields (68) below each other is bitified by the cassette wall (69); the filter traps (30) are connected directly or optionally to a manifold (34) via a manhole (31) or the filter bed (55) is connected to a public or manifold (70) via the manhole (31) or optionally to a filter field (30). 68) a cistern wall (69) including a side wall of the collecting pond (70); the highest point of the bottom plate of the diverting grooves (34) being at least 500 mm deeper than the bottom of the filter grooves (30), optionally the deepest point of the bottom level of the drain shaft (31); dividing the manifold (34) by at least one disconnecting slider (10); the pitch (34a) of the divider ditches is at least 20 mm at 10 m; of at least three successive filter sections (32) or filter fields (68) at the top being 5 to 50 mm in diameter, preferably 5 to 15 mm in diameter, followed by 5 to 20 30 mm, preferably 5 to 10 mm in diameter, and a filter material (60) having a diameter of 4 to 20 mm, preferably 4 to 8 mm, is placed in the lower body; the filter material (60) has a mineral composition of at least 20% by volume, preferably 30% by volume, of phyllo or layer silicate and at least 80% by volume, preferably 70% by volume, of tectonic or scaffold silica. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice basket shaft (4) comprises a removable lattice basket (2) and a slider (3), the lattice shaft (48) having a 30 mm 50 mm wide coarse grid (45) and a 10 mm 46) and a gate valve (3). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal flow container straw filter (16) and the at least two filter ducts (30) are disposed in the soil 35. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the coarse grid (45) with a 50 mm tray and a fine grid (46) with a 10 mm tray are machine-cleaned flat grates, wherein the grate is collected in a capital container (47). 40 Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the purification of municipal sewage, an inlet path (62) is formed for the combined artwork (53) with a two-way drop; the water level in the composite object (53) is equal to the terrain level; the flap valve (63) is introduced in the upper third of the water column height formed in the composite object (53); an inlet opening (64) is provided on the top of the composite structure (53) (for removing sediment and floating material); the flood apertures (54) are formed at the height of the internal water level at the field level and have a height dimension of at least 200 mm; the flow apertures (54) have a 10 mm rod-shaped filter grid (65); a flood duct or pipe (66) is connected to the flood apertures (54). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal flow container strainer (16) consists of four main parts, wherein the receiving shaft (17) with the container filter unit (19) and the turning shaft (27) forms a concrete structure, while the filter container (23) is a prefabricated movable steel frame with a steel mesh in which the trampled straw providing filtration is housed; the receiving shaft deflection wall (21) is at least 500 mm greater than the level of the receiving shaft bottom plate (18); the vertical side wall (20) of the receiving shaft is at least 300 mm higher than the level of the surrounding terrain; the liquid damping guide unit (22) has a length of at least 500 mm and a drop of its bottom plate (22a) of at least 50 mm; the container filter unit (19) is provided with at least three filter containers (23); the height of the side walls of the container filter unit (19) is the same as the receiving shaft (17), its bottom level is at least 2000 mm, the container anchorage (23a) is at least 1000 mm long, the bottom of the container (23b); the guide unit (24) is at least 500 mm long and the drop of the guide unit bottom plate (24a) is at least 50 mm; at least three container anchorage points (23a) and at least three guide units (24) are disposed within a horizontal flow container straw filter (16); the filter container (23) comprising a vertical guide rail (25), a horizontal guide rail (25a), a filter container side walls (25b) and a filter container bottom plate (25c).