HU202950B - Method for building construction being under surface particularly cellar and reinforced concrete panel for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Abstract

During the process, curved supports (2) are set up with their lower end into the ground, which assembled from two support members (3a). 5 Their upper end is formed by a plastic tube coupled with a coupling member (5), e static wrist (16). The for curved ribs (2) from bottom to top, reinforced concrete 10 with their nests per row planks (4). Landing from two sides a parallels 4) implemented. The reinforced concrete slab (4) is elongated has a rectangular plate. for this perpendicular to one plane 15 protrusions stretch out. For the longitudinal edges there are cam pairs which fits between the ribs (2) between the cams there are nests.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for constructing an underground structure, in particular a small cellar, and to a reinforced concrete panel for carrying out the method.

Small cellars are predominantly demanded by small-scale farmers, such as backyard farmers, usually for storing fruit, vegetables and wine. Accordingly, demand for small cellars in enclosed vineyards, orchards and similar areas is expected to increase in the future.

In the past, the basement structure of small cellars was mostly made of masonry vaults using carved stone or brick. This is usually the method of construction at present. The disadvantage is that it requires great expertise, meticulous, laborious work and requires the use of masonry templates. The time required for work is also considerable.

From the method described in German Patent Application No. 26 50 930, a method for constructing storage tanks or tunnels is provided, in which a preliminary support structure is formed from special profile segments that are connected to their vertices. However, it is not economical to build such a structure for smaller underground structures such as small cellars.

Hungarian Patent No. 189,704 is intended to provide underground, closed-section cavities, especially for mining cuts. In essence, the arched fittings are connected at their lower ends to prefabricated reinforced concrete outsole beams, with gaps between them allowing expansion of the bed material. Applying this solution at high depths or at high rock pressures is economical, for example when building small cellars.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a method for the construction of underground facilities, in particular small cellars, based on the use of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, thereby exploiting the structural and construction advantages of professional work. A further object of the invention is to be able to build a small cellar without the use of hoists.

The present invention is based on the discovery that straightforward reinforced concrete panel elements with curved grooves can be easily and quickly constructed from the bottom upwards without the aid of a scaffold and a sample, by continuously following the placement of the planar reinforced concrete panel elements by earth recharging.

On the basis of these findings, the object of the present invention has been solved by a method of placing elements forming a boundary structure side by side and grounding on and around the boundary structure, characterized in that they are trapped at their lower ends spaced apart forming arched frames and mounting reinforced concrete panels having nests thereon from the bottom up, preferably in rows, by connecting the panels to their nests in a manner that fits the frames; and, in parallel to the placement of the panels, gradually replenishing the panels along the rows of panels and repeating these panel placement and recharging operations until the structure is completed and the ground is covered.

In accordance with a further feature of the invention, waterproofing, preferably of bitumen sheet or / and plastic film layer (s), is applied to the panel rows, in accordance with a further feature of the invention, prior to the row repositioning.

It may be advantageous to carry out the method in which the curved frames are made up of two curved frame members, the upper ends of which are joined together in a static way, preferably by a coupling formed by a plastic tubular sleeve. In this case, the frames are preferably made up of center-of-gravity frame members with a vertical foot below the ground and an upright foot with an upright foot in the upright position, and with the ribs resting on the ground with the foot resting on the ground such as curved ribs having a disc or collar.

The reinforced concrete panel according to the invention is characterized in that it has an elongated rectangular slab and longitudinal edges and transverse edges extending along one of its edges perpendicular to the plane of the slab, preferably at the same distance from each other at two locations from the longitudinal edges. spaced cams are formed and these cam pairs surround the nests. In a preferred embodiment, the panel has an intermediate transverse rib parallel to the transverse edge ribs.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show an advantageous embodiment of the process cellar and some structural details thereof.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a small cellar, and Fig. 2 is a front view of a curved rib;

Figure 3 is a schematic axonometric view of the arc

EN 202950 mód how to set up frames;

Figure 4 is an axonometric view of a preferred embodiment of a reinforced concrete wall panel;

5a. Fig. 5a shows the deformation of the small cellar during construction; 5b. Figure 10 shows the deformation of the small cellar upon completion of the land recharge.

The cellar of Fig. 1 is constructed in the present embodiment in an open slope pit 15 which is embedded in the cultivated soil 6 (original soil). 15 The structure defining the cellar 1 is made up of curved frames (here circular), spaced apart from each other by frames 2 and reinforced concrete panels 4 (wall elements) which are joined to one another by their side edges. 20

The curved frames 2, which give the cross-sectional shape of the cellar, are made up of two (also semi-curved) frame members (half pieces) which are flush with each other at the top and have 5 fastening members, preferably a plastic sleeve. joined together, which is drawn on the two rib ends. In this way, a joint is formed statically at the top (these joints are designated by reference numeral 16 in Figures 1 and 3). Attached to the lower end of the curved frame members 3 is a downwardly projecting foot 3a, which is trapped in the soil 6 and is in its vertical position so that each frame member 3, i.e. a circular support 35, is substantially sickle in shape. the center angle is 132 °, then the center of gravity s of the frame member 3 is just above its fulcrum, i.e. in the vertical support line b indicated by the dotted line. Thus, the mounting - i.e. installation - of the frame members 3, like the fence posts, can be carried out simply by means of a master adjustment, without the need for any support device. The alignment of each frame member 3 is facilitated by a base member 8, such as a collar or disc, having a plane perpendicular to the leg 3a in the region 45 of the meeting between the foot 3a and the arched portion of the arch member, i.e. the base of the support.

The frame members 3 may be made of a material which is resistant to underground corrosion, such as reinforced concrete, aluminum, galvanized steel, etc.

A2 The weight of each frame member 3 must be selected so that the rib member can be manually lifted, moved and erected by two people.

The panels 4 are preferably made of reinforced concrete and, for example, are preferably formed as shown in FIG. This panel has an elongated rectangular plan sheet of low structural thickness 14, along which one of the ribs 9, 10 extending perpendicular to the plane of the sheet extends along its edges. The longitudinal edges are denoted by 9 and the short transverse edges by 10. In addition, the panel 4 has in the center a transverse rib 11 perpendicular to the longitudinal flanges and connecting them. The flanges 9, 10 and the ribs 11 are ironed, and the plate 14 (mirror) is generally non-ironed.

At two locations extending from the longitudinal flange 9, preferably at a distance of about a quarter of the total length of the panel from the ends of the panel 4, there are two spaced cams 12a, 12b spaced from one another to each other. The spacing c is selected according to the width of the frame members 3, i.e. the frame members 3 are enclosed by the cams 12a, 12b and are thus secured against longitudinal displacement.

It should be noted that the panels 4 may be made up of solid or hollow reinforced concrete slabs different from those shown in Figure 4, however, they must have nests to hold the frame members 3 and should be sized and weight so that the panels can be lifted and moved by two people. no lifting machine is required to place the panels on 2 frames.

The construction of the object according to the invention, i.e. the process is carried out as follows:

In the first step, dig a working pit (cellar pit), designated 15 in Figure 1. The basement floor level p (see also FIG. 2) is formed horizontally, and at this level the frames 2 are set up with the spacings indicated in FIG. 3, the planes of which are vertical. (We have previously referred to the way in which the frames 2 are assembled: the frame members 3, i.e. the half-ribs 3a are clamped to the ground with their legs 3a and joined at their respective upper ends by coupling members 5 such as plastic hollows to form the hinges 16 shown in FIG. When the curved frames 2, with their feet 3a clamped in the ground and resting on the base members 8, are already standing, the panels 4, i.e. the wall elements, are placed, in other words, surrounded by the ribs.

The panels 4 are placed from bottom to top in rows, and according to the invention, the repositioning of the panels proceeds in parallel with the placement of the panels in parallel with the row placement. The panels 4 are aligned with the grooves 13 of Figure 4 on the frames 2 and their lower rows are folded over the calves so that they need to be temporarily supported, possibly by hand, until partial earth recharging and compaction is completed to the height of each panel row. This is it

HU 202950 ítési construction technology allows the next row of panels to be placed manually from the ground up, without the need to lift the panels 4 overhead and use a scaffold. The longitudinal edges of the panels 4 5, as shown in Fig. 1, are closely joined, and the longitudinal ends (short edges) of the panels in each row collide. If the small cellar is made with 10 waterproofing, the insulating material (eg bitumen sheet or plastic foil) is placed simultaneously with the row of panels, ie parallel to the laying of the panel. 15

As shown in FIG. Fig. 5a shows a small cellar built according to the method according to the invention, which is partly below the original terrain level, and due to the reciprocal earth recharge, it changes its shape very positively. 720 is a reference number (see

1), in the initial section of the cellar, the active earth press acting on both sides is shown in FIG. 5a. Figure 1B. (Note that the lower clamp 25 of the ribs 2 also produces a static joint 17, so it is a three-pivot structure.) The sidewalls bend, the top of the joint 16 is raised, and the curved ribs 2 are prestressed. The original (pre-filling) shape of the small cellar is otherwise shown in Fig. 5a. FIGS. 6 to 8 are dashed lines and reference numerals used herein have been applied mutatis mutandis. After the complete final filling of 7 is complete, the small plate is loaded with a significant amount of earth, which is the structure shown in Fig. 5b. The original unloaded cross-sectional shape is shown with a dashed line in this case as well. 40 As a result, not only does the hinge area surrounding the hinge 16 bend, but the sidewalls move outward, in the passive anti-earth direction, thereby encapsulating the ground mass surrounding the cellar. The zone of the passive main resistance is shown in Fig. 5b. Referring to FIGS. 10 to 20, the final terrain level above the basement is denoted by the reference letter £ 2. With the automatic entry of passive earth pressure, the cellar 2 burgundy will become 50 pressed rather than curved structures, and lighter, more economical support structures with less specific material will serve their intended purpose. 55

The advantage of the present invention is that small cellars and similar structures can be built quickly and cheaply without the use of highly skilled labor and the use of hoists. 60

The invention is, of course, not limited to the method described above or to the embodiment of the plank, i.e. wall element, but can be practiced in many ways within the scope of the claims.

PATENT CLAIMS

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS CLAIMS 1. A method of constructing an underground structure, in particular a cellar, by placing elements forming a boundary structure adjacent to one another and providing an earth filling on and around the boundary structure, characterized by spaced (a) arched frames ( 2) erecting and reinforcing the reinforced concrete panels (4) having their sockets (13) from the bottom upwards, preferably in rows, by connecting the panels (4) with their sockets (13) in a manner fitting to the frames (2), and progressively earthing along the panel rows, parallel to positioning the panels (4); and repeating these panel (4) placement and ground filling operations until the construction is completed and the ground cover (7) is reached. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that after placing the panel (4) rows, waterproofing is applied to the panel (4) rows, preferably bituminous sheet (s) and / or plastic film layer (s), prior to the row refilling. up. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the curved ribs are assembled from two curved frame members (3), the upper ends of which are joined together in a statically hinged manner, preferably by a coupling member (5) formed by a plastic pipe sleeve (5). Figure 1). A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the ribs (2) are centered on the support line (b), which is lowered into the ground and has a vertical foot (3a) in its upright position and extending downwardly from the foot (3a). (s) assembled from frame members (3). (Figure 2) Method according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the frames (2) are made of curved frame elements (3) having a base (8) which is raised above the foot (3a), which rests on the ground, for example a disc or collar. together. 6. Reinforced concrete panel according to Figures 1-5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has an elongated rectangular plate (14) and longitudinal flange (9) and transverse flange (10) extending along its edges extending in one direction perpendicular to the plane of the plate (14); cams (13a, 13b) extending from the longitudinal flange ribs (9) at a location, preferably spaced apart (c), preferably spaced apart from the panel ends, and a pair of nests (13) surrounded by these cams (13a, 13b). (Figure 4) Panel according to claim 6, characterized in that it has an intermediate transverse rib (11) parallel to the transverse edge ribs (10). Published by the National Office for Inventions, Budapest Responsible: dr. Gabriella Swaboda Head of Unit R-4992 - KJK 91.4128.66-13-2 Alföldi Nyomda Debrecen - Chief Executive Officer: Viktor Szabó Chief Executive Officer 5 -4EN 202950 B E 04 H 5/08