HU199924B - Framework formed by wooden fastening elements particularly for establishing agricultural buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a frame structure which is particularly suitable for the construction of agricultural buildings. The support beams (1) and the columns of the frame structure are formed by means of a combination of beams (2a, 2b) of a composite section made by joining wooden studs. Brackets with other frame components, eg. with threaded rivets (4), wooden frame beams, or windshield elements connected to threaded studs (7) and fasteners (8) containing threaded holes. The wood screws (7) are preferably glued to the holes through the adjacent rods, through which they are guided. (Figure 14) EN 199924 B Alelrds range: 5 pages, 3 dbm -1-

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a frame structure made of timber fasteners, which is particularly suitable for the construction of agricultural buildings.

In agriculture, building structures with a span of 9 to 15 m are often needed, in which the lateral distance of the longitudinal column posts - and consequently the main supports - is approx.

3-4 meters. Frames made up of columns and beams are fitted with slats for defining the space between the roof and the side walls. In the past, the frame components were usually made of steel or reinforced concrete, but more recently, wood has come to the forefront.

The timber frame structure has many advantages (low dead weight, quick workability, etc.); however, it is a problem that the commercially available wood materials, which represent a small range of lengths and cross-sections, severely restrict the construction of simple carpentry-like frameworks. Beamed ceilings are practically only applicable up to a span of 6-8 meters and should be placed there. Thin columns can only be thinned out with trigger beams, ie max. A 4x8 m pillar frame can be made. For larger spans, only more complex carpentry structures, such as hanging roof chairs, could be used instead of beamed ceilings, but these are quite labor-intensive and are therefore rarely used.

Large structures with a span of 15.0 meters and a column height of 3.0-4.0 meters - which are often required in agriculture - can only be implemented with solutions that require an installed factory or plant and are demanding and costly from the commercial gauge selection. technology can be used to create a longer span support structure (glued pine wood structures and long-leafed hardwood structures). However, in these solutions, the cost of the wood of the finished structure is several times the price of the raw material. In addition, the construction of such skeletons requires a considerable amount of labor.

It is known that longitudinally arranged wooden rods, arranged parallel to their respective surfaces and secured in appropriate locations to each other, form composite sections with increased inertia, which can be used not only for larger span, beam structures, but also for pulling, forming elements of a stationary rod structure. In practice, in the area of the contact surfaces, wood elements (inserts) are used which prevent the movement of the beams and provide the shear forces required for the operation of the holder with increased inertia. The inserts are block or cylindrical. A common disadvantage of these coupling modes is that the mating planes of the interconnected wooden rods are easily separated because the resistive forces do not occur exactly in the plane of the mating. In order to prevent separation, the rules in the art require the use of threaded steel rods (bolts 1), eg pages 1145-1146 and 1147-1148 of the Engineering Handbook, and 191-4 of Dr. Rónai-Somfalvi's Wooden Structures. 192).

It is an object of the present invention to provide a frame structure whose holders of longitudinally spaced beams can be made and assembled from relatively inexpensive wood using simple means and technology at a cost substantially below that of similar structures currently known. It is another object of the present invention to provide a frame structure in which the wooden bars of the composite sections are connected in such a way that the danger of their separation is eliminated with great safety.

The invention is based on the discovery that there are significant manufacturing and strength advantages in using fasteners for joining the overlapping beams which at the same time provide the necessary resistances in the joint plane and prevent the separation of the contacting surfaces. Such elements can be used very effectively with wooden studs having threads at both ends and securing boards with internal threads at these threaded ends. (Expensive steel fasteners are rapidly destroyed, especially in the specific conditions of agricultural application.) Cylindrical pins can be of considerable thickness, which provides the necessary resistance, while threaded connections allow tensile forces to be absorbed. In addition to its dual function, this connection has the static advantage over conventional studs and threadless cylindrical inserts that the ends of the studs are held in position perpendicular to the connected surfaces, so that the stud cannot bend as much as without the use of threaded fixing plates. This results in smaller bends in the tap, which increases its resistance.

In addition to or with the threaded pins, conventional pins and cylindrical inserts may also be used as corsets, but the shear forces according to the invention are to be entirely absorbed by the threaded pins fixed to the wood panels, since they allow much greater displacement than conventional pins. pins and cylindrical inserts, the latter of which exhibit significantly less resistance in cooperative joints.

The importance of using threaded studs is further enhanced by the fact that the same threaded studs used to join the rods into the supporting structure can be used to reinforce the frame structure in space.

Based on the above findings, the assigned task is 21

The present invention is solved by means of a frame structure according to the invention having a beam support supported by columns and transverse ribs secured thereto and, where appropriate, wall beams used to join consecutive columns, and which is the essence of the frame structure, that the supports and, if appropriate, at least a portion of the posts, are formed as a support consisting of a plurality of timber rods which are joined to one another at a plurality of longitudinally extending and shear forces at both ends by threaded studs and fasteners having threaded holes; in a manner known per se, spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the carrier in the plane of load-bearing, in a manner that allows the bars to work together, and that the frame members

for example, the brackets are connected to the brackets or / and the columns to the wall beams by means of a method of providing a three-dimensional stiffening of the frame structure and a statically pivotally connected planar rod structure also at each end with threaded studs and threaded holes. Rods are to be understood as meaning, in practical circumstances, linear wood elements of any cross-sectional size and shape, that is to say, the bar designation does not limit the range of wood which may be used.

In an exemplary embodiment, the mating wood beams are guided through and adhered to through them by threaded wooden pins at both ends to form a composite support.

Another preferred embodiment of the frame structure is that the beams for the support beams and / or the wind bars for the beams or support beams or / and - preferably horizontal - the beams for the posts are provided with wooden pins with threaded sections at their two ends and are secured by a structure formed by fasteners with a threaded through hole. It is also desirable that the frame members are connected to each other by means of threaded studs and by means of threaded fasteners which also serve to connect the wooden rods forming the composite beam or column.

According to a further feature of the invention, the fastening elements folded onto the threaded studs are formed by circular bodies having recesses which allow them to be rotated in a slot formed in the fastening elements by means of a special tool.

It is very advantageous from an economic point of view that the wooden beams forming the composite support beams and, if necessary, the columns are circular beams having a cut straight fitting surface, and preferably such beams also form the wall frame beams which ensure the stability of the mast structure.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which include some preferred embodiments of the frame structure and the frame structure elements, as well as important nodes of the frame structure. In the drawings, Figures 1 to 3 show cross-sections of the supports forming the basic elements of the frame structure;

Figure 4 is a side view of the arrow A in Figure 1;

5-7. Figures 4 to 5 show some possible main carrier design solutions for frame positions;

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line E-E in Fig. 9 of a building constructed with a frame structure according to the invention;

Figure 9 is a plan view of the building of Figure 8; Figure 10 is a larger scale detail of B marked in Figure 8;

Fig. 11 is a larger scale detail of C in Fig. 8;

Figure 12 is a side elevational view of a frame holder;

Fig. 13 shows parts of a coupling member of the holder of Fig. 12 in a larger scale;

Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of a bracket and a web according to the invention in section G-G in Figure 1;

Figure 15 is a sectional view taken along the line F-F in Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a top plan view showing the relationship between a bracket, a collar, and two wind screens (detail I in Figure 9);

Figure 17 is a sectional view taken along the line H-H in Figure 16;

Figure 18 is an axonometric view of a preferred embodiment of the coupling of Figure 13.

The holder of Figures 1 and 4, designated by reference numeral 1, is formed by two rectangular wooden rods 2a, 2b of rectangular cross-section, which are longitudinally spaced and have a width m of form ^ where m «2a. The rods 2a, 2b are provided in a plane of the load bearing plane, i.e. in the longitudinal vertical geometric center of the carrier 1, with wooden studs with circular cross-section at both ends, threaded to each other, in a manner that co-operates with each other. and shear forces acting in opposite directions relative to each other (see arrows c in Fig. 4). The lateral distances of adjacent threaded pins 7, indicated by reference letter b in FIG. 4, are selected as a function of the expected magnitude of these shear forces.

The brackets 1, 1 shown in Figs. 2b 'and 2a, 2b

EN 199924 Β differ from the bracket 1 shown in Figures 1 and 4 and it is well illustrated that rods of practically any cross-section, of course conforming to the static requirements, can be used; . 1-4, the interface is otherwise designated by reference numeral 10. Rods 2a-2b can be made up of commercially available material or, for example, sawn, carved or one-sided round logs produced in the farm's own production. Depending on the span, any type of wood may be used, but fir or acacia may be the most appropriate. The rods should, of course, have straight axes, preferably with negligible folding. The span of the frame structure to be established is primarily determined by the choice of wood available or produced. For normal tasks, a 1-1 support according to Figs. Figure 5 shows a frame having a drawbar 11; Figure 6 shows the lashing bracket - frame - and the lashing straps are denoted by 12; and the support frame shown in Figure 7 has support arms 13. The brackets are also designated 1 in Figures 5 to 7 and the columns supporting them in 3. The columns 3 may be made up of beams having a split profile, as shown in Figs.

As already mentioned in connection with Figures 1 to 4, the elements connecting the rods 2a, 2b, 2a ', 2b' and 2a, 2b '(Figures 1-4) to bearers 1, Γ and 1 are beams of circular cross section, of wood, with threaded ends. 7 pins which are located in the plane of the bending load and which are suitable for receiving the shear load in the cross-section. As shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the studs and posts 3 with studs are connected with the connecting ribs 4 and the grilles 5 (only shown in Fig. 9) and the horizontal wall beams 6 (only shown in Fig. 8), form a hinged, spatially stiffened frame structure.

2a, 3b, 2a ', 2b' and 2a ', ^2b,: rod-pair is a way 1, combine 1' and 1 tartókká or oszlopkká that the holes of the fitting stacked bars, and be placed in a tight fit threaded pins 7 at both ends dipped in a resin-based weatherproof adhesive (and / or the inner surface of the bores may be lubricated with such adhesive). With this connection, the load-bearing height m of the supports is doubled (the combined height of the bars) (Figures 1-4). Preferably, the pins 7 have a lower moisture content (e.g., 10-13%) than those of the interconnected rods, since shrinkage occurs as a result of shrinkage.

The pins must be formed as wooden pins 7a having a thread 7a on their two ends, as shown in Figures 12 and 13 (with the reference numerals already used), and these pins having both threaded ends 7a they extend from the parallel faces of the support 1, so that the threaded ends 7a can be folded into a disc-shaped or square-shaped fastening element 8a, also made of wood, preferably hard wood, with threaded holes 8a. rods (Fig. 12). The friction coefficient of the wood should be taken into account when choosing the thread pitch. For example, threaded pins 7 can be used very positively at nodes of the frame structure where, apart from the function of joining the bars 1, 2b to form the support 1 and the columns 3, they also serve to secure other frame elements. In Fig. 10, for example, the connection of a rib 4 to the support 1 by means of a threaded pin 7 is illustrated (detail B in Fig. 8), while Fig. 11 illustrates 3 columns of a frame structure 8 and 9 and a wall frame 6 (Figure C in Figure 8). The 4 elements and 6 wall beams must be drilled at the point of contact. When installing the beams or wall beams, the pins 7 are made through holes in the bracket 1 or column 3, usually pre-formed, e.g. also) screwing the bellows or wall frame beams can be fastened without any other fasteners. Depending on the task to be solved, the length of the threaded pins 7 will vary; this length is indicated by the reference letter M _{1 in} Figure 10 and M _{2 in} Figure 11. Note that in the case of simple column sections, drilling can also occur on site, thus eliminating the effect of various dimensional inaccuracies. In parts of the rod where shear forces are not significant (eg in columns), it may be sufficient to install conventional pins 14 or cylindrical inserts, but in these cases threaded pins 7 at both ends must also be used to hold together the rod components.

The efficiency of fastening with the threaded pin 7 can be enhanced by using a fastener shown in perspective in Fig. 18, which has two disc-shaped central through-hole threaded holes 80a for folding the threaded pin 7 to the threaded ends 7a. The notches 80b are recessed into the disc from above each other. The notch 80b has side panels 80c parallel to the longitudinal geometric center axis of x, which height is preferably less than the thickness v of the fastener 80.

18

14 and 15 illustrate the formation of a connection between a bracket 1 and a rib 4

EN 199924 Β. This connection differs from that of Figures 14 and 15 in that, at the locations where the fasteners 80 fit, nests 9, e.g. having a shape corresponding to the engaging cylindrical shape of the fastener 80, so that the fastener is fitted as tightly as possible but rotatably in the nest. This allows a special tool to fold the fasteners 80 onto the threaded ends 7a of the pin 7. The fastening elements 80 which fit into the nests 9 considerably increase the load-bearing capacity of the pin 7, without the need for the pin ends to protrude from the tab 4 or its supporting surface.

The threaded pins 7 and the corresponding fasteners 8 and 80 according to Figs. 13 and 18 may also be used as means for spatially stiffening the frame structure: in the junction shown in Figs. 16 and 17 (detail I in Fig. 9) The brackets 5 are fastened to the holder 9 by means of fixing elements 80 and threaded pins, and the edge grilles 5 are fixed to the element 17 in this case by means of square-shaped fixing elements 8 and threaded pins 7. The wind grilles 5 can also be connected to flat sawn timber elements, i.e. planks, by means of a nailed connection, of course.

An advantage of the present invention is that the heavy-duty stubble of the frame structure can be made from lower-value wooden rods by simple technology and simple means, and can also be connected in a simple, rational manner to other elements of the frame structure, e.g. Large frameworks with a span of up to 15.0 m can be manufactured by themselves, mostly from the timber they produce and work with, so that the building itself can be manufactured at a low cost, using inexpensive, non-corrosive wooden pins and fasteners. The composite profile supports or columns of the present invention significantly expand the range of commercially available logs and beams. By placing two bars of the same profile, the spacing can be doubled or the distance between the bars can be reduced to four times. By using composite sections as columns, the height of the building can be almost doubled. Such results are currently only available through the use of much more expensive technologies and structures.

The invention is, of course, not limited to the embodiments detailed above, but may be practiced in many ways within the scope of the claims.

Claims (6)

Claims Frame structure made of wood-based fasteners for the construction of buildings, in particular of agricultural buildings, having beam supports and posts transverse thereto supported by columns and, where appropriate, wall beams for joining successive columns of columns, characterized in that the supports (1) , Γ, Γ) and, optionally, at least a portion of the posts (3) are joined to one another at a plurality of longitudinally extending and shear forces at both ends by threaded studs (7a) and threaded holes (7a) thereon 8a, 80a) are arranged spaced apart (b) in the longitudinal direction of the support from the wooden rods (2a, 2b; 2a ', 2b', 2a, 2b) coupled together by means of fastening elements (8; 80), and that the frame members For example, the holders (1) or the bellows (4) y / and the columns (3) with wall beams (6) - also having threaded studs (7, 14) and threaded holes (8a, 80a) on both ends, resulting in a spatial stiffening of the frame structure and a planar rod structure that is hinged statically 8.80) are connected. Frame structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mating wooden rods (2a, 2b; 2a ', 2b'; 2a, 2b) are threaded (7a) on both ends and threaded on both ends. 7) by means of a composite section. Frame structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the beams (4) for the supports (1) and / or the wind screens (5) for the beams (4) or the support beams (1), or / and - preferably horizontal - wall beams (6) to the posts (3) by means of wooden studs (7) with threads (7a) at both ends and fasteners (8; 80) with threaded holes (8a, 80a) folded into the threads (7a), preferably disc-shaped are fixed with the help of a created structure. 4. Frame structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the frame elements are connected to one another by means of threaded studs (7) and fastened members (8; 80) which are folded thereto, which are at the same time composite beam beam (1) or column (3) ) are also used to connect wooden rods. Frame structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fastening elements (80) folded over to the threaded end pins (7) are formed by circular bodies which allow them to be rotated in a slot (9) by means of a special tool. 80b, 80a) (Fig. 18). Frame structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the beams (2a ^H , 2b) forming the composite beam supports (Γ) and optionally the columns (3) have a cut-off straight fitting surface (10). Also, such rods also form wall frame beams (6) which ensure stability of the column structure of the frame structure.