HU193091B - Process for producing fodder additives of improved fibre structure from vegetable-oil industrial grits and shells of high fibre content and unfavourable fibre structure - Google Patents

Abstract

Grits and husks from vegetable oil prodn. with a high fibre content of unfavourable structure are treated as follows:- (A) treating with 5% max. by vol. of caustic or caustic contg. material; (B) treating with 5% max. by vol. of caustic or caustic contg. material and 5% max. by vol. of inorganic or organic acid; (C) treating alternatively using one of the above methods, once or more. Afterwards if required, the treated material is granulated, pelletised or extruded under pressure.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for the production of a feed or feed additive (feed component) of high-fiber and unfavorable fiber vegetable oil mills and shells.

Sunflower, soybean, rapeseed, flax seed oil is used as the raw material in vegetable oil production. During processing, the outer skins of these seeds must be removed for economic reasons and to improve the quality of the products. With the state of the art, the shell can only be partially removed. After removing (recovering) the oils in the kernel, the extracted meal, which contains the unshelled shell, remains.

Because of their high protein content, the extracted meal forms an essential feed base for animal husbandry. The main constituents of the extracted meal are digestible plants consisting of parts, proteins (30-48% crude protein) and indigestible fibers for monogastric animals. From a feeding point of view, groats with less fiber content are more valuable.

The shells of the kernels contain only a small amount of crude protein and are not utilized without digestion. This circumstance is particularly important for sunflower meal, since not only the amount of fiber but also the structure of the shell impairs its usefulness. Due to its high silica content, the sunflower husk breaks down longitudinally and forms sharp, sharp surfaces. This property of the shell is largely retained during processing. It is used in this state of the art in the state of the art and is therefore of very limited use as a feed or in compound feed containing such meal for monogastric animals. Due to its high and valuable protein content it could be suitable for eg. partial or total replacement of soybean meal.

Sharp parts of sunflower meal produced during production and used without modification irritate the intestinal tract of monogastric animals, causing inflammation and diarrhea, as a result of which the sale of complete feeds fed with sunflower meal is also reduced. (Animal Breeding Volume I, page 445, Agricultural Publisher, Budapest, 1976.)

Other grains formed during the processing of rape, soybean seed do not have such a deleterious property;

The disadvantageous properties of the kernels (in particular sunflower shells) remaining in the crusts are to be modified by known physical methods. These:

(a) different ways of grinding the meal,

b) granulation with the other feed2 components after wet heat treatment. These processes are not widespread due to their technological sophistication.

On the other hand, due to the lack of separation, the shells removed during partial decontamination also contain smaller amounts of 7-8% core, 1-5% vegetable fat and 2.8% crude protein. The use of such groats for feed purposes as a special nutritional component treated and administered separately is absolutely justified.

The main features of the composition of the extracted cereals important for the vegetable oil industry are:

Extracted sunflower seeds:

crude fiber content up to: crude protein content 22% at least: digestible raw protein 34% Content at least: Extracted rapeseed: 29.9% crude fiber content: crude protein content 15% at least: digestible raw 34% protein: Extracted soybean meal: crude fiber content 28.6% up to: crude protein content 8.5% at least: digestible raw 42% protein: 39.1 -

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide high fiber and unfavorable fiber vegetable oil mills and shells with an improved fiber structure feed or additive (feed component) that can be used in commercial practice at no extra cost and allows the replacement of costly soybean meal.

It has been discovered that the digestibility of high-fiber meal is surprisingly increased when the products are treated with alkali or alkaline material. A similar effect can be achieved when alternating alkaline-acid treatment or at elevated temperature.

The process of the present invention for the treatment of high fiber and unfavorable fibrous vegetable oil meal and by-products is characterized in that it is based on the weight of the raw material, optionally ground and possibly fractionated on a particle size basis.

(a) not more than 5% by weight of an alkali or alkaline - containing material, or

b) treated with up to 5% by weight of alkali or alkaline-containing material and up to 5% by weight of mineral or organic acid or alternately with the above-mentioned materials, followed by granulation, pelleting or extrusion of the treated raw material, if necessary under compression.

The preferred temperature during treatment is 40-100 ° C. Prior to treatment, the raw material is ground to a particle size of less than 4 mm, preferably about 2 mm, and possibly the coarse fraction separated. For the coarse fraction, the total amount of alkali or acid is used, and the finer fraction is mixed again for the treated coarse fraction.

For the treatment, 0.3 to 3.0% by weight of alkali and / or 0.2 to 2.0% by weight of mineral or organic acid is used, based on the weight of the raw material. The alkali or alkaline material may be NaOH, KOH, NH ₂ OH, Ca ( ₀ H) ₂ , urea or sodium phosphate. The mineral acid is hydrochloric or phosphoric acid. The raw material to be treated is utilized in all oilseeds that can be processed in the industry, such as sunflower, rape, soybean, corn germ, peanut, cotton seed, bran, palm kernel, pumpkin seed, etc.

Organoleptic and microscopic studies suggest that the fiber structure can be altered more preferably by treating the material with mineral or organic acid before or after alkaline treatment. Acid treatment is expected to result in the partial degradation of fiber cellulose and lignin, and the formation of water-soluble sugars from cellulose.

According to our experience, the pulverulent effect of alkali and acid can be enhanced by pre-milling. In fact, grinding breaks down the gut-shell conglomerates in the meal, liberating the shell portions and making them more accessible by the alkali or acid.

A favorable effect was also found when fractionating the sunflower pellets, whether or not ground, with coarse and fine mesh sieves. The coarse fraction enriches the shell particles, thus providing the opportunity to enhance the beneficial effect by treating this fraction with a relatively larger amount of alkali or the same amount of acid as the total amount of flour.

The process of the present invention not only has a beneficial effect on the structure of lignin and cellulose in the fiber skeleton, but also on the proteins present in that it facilitates their digestibility. However, the microbiological state of the treated raw material also changes as the total germ count, protein-degrading microbe, and mold fungus are reduced compared to the untreated raw material. Because the germs present are largely or completely destroyed during treatment, a more sterile state during storage and transport provides greater protection against microbiological contamination and degradation.

An elevated temperature is not necessarily required for alkaline treatment. However, elevated temperatures accelerate physical and chemical processes, preferably a favorable influence on the change of the fiber parts and contributes to the non-drawn shell portions' edges * ¹ tom4 pításához, thereby eliminating piercing and cutting action.

According to the results of our physiological experiments on fattening pigs, the feed sales of sunflower meal will improve by about 12% as a result of the treatment.

Similar results were obtained with the use of such meal in chicken hybrids, since the weight gain of the group consuming such feed was 25-35% higher than that of the control group (6-8% more ad libitum with feed intake).

The sunflower meal treated according to the present invention can thus be used with good results in the diet of monogastric animals, and the shell can be used as a feed additive in the diet of ruminants up to 20-25% by weight.

Embodiments of the process of the invention are illustrated in more detail by the following examples:

Example 1

1000 kg sunflower meal (40% crude protein, digestible protein content)

32.5% by weight, with a crude fiber content of 12% by weight) is added to a conditioning screw placed in front of a granulator. By indirect and direct steam, the temperature of the material is raised to 70 ° C while 40 kg of a 20 wt% NaOH solution are added.

The materials are stirred at the indicated temperature for 25 minutes and the mixture is granulated and the granules are cooled by air flow to storage temperature. The product obtained replaces soybean meal by up to 20% in pig feed.

The shelf life of the treated sunflower granulate is also significantly improved, as the treatment causes the microbes and spores to be extensively or completely killed. In addition, NaOH causes the lignin content of the shell to dissolve; soy meal.

Example 2

1000 kg of rapeseed (crude protein content 34%, digestible crude protein content 28.6%, crude fiber content 15.0%, anhydrous volatile content 0.2%) are heated in an indirect and direct steam heated mixer to 70 ° C while 40 kg A suspension containing 20% by weight of Ca (OH) ₂ was added in a mixer. The mixture was homogenized in a homogenizer for 30 minutes and then cooled to storage temperature.

The product produced by the treatment is approx. It can be added 50% more to compound feeds and also replaces part of the feed lime.

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As a result of the treatment, a portion of the fiber is degraded, thereby increasing the nutritional value, while advantageously reducing the amount of sulfur compounds in the rapeseed. All this makes the treated meal more admixed with untreated poultry feed.

Example 3

1000 kg of sunflower meal (crude protein content 37%, digestible crude protein content 32.6%, crude fiber content 18%) is introduced into a heated mixer connected to a pelletizer and 30 kg of 10% hydrochloric acid is added while the temperature is raised to 50 ° C. After stirring for a few minutes, 60 kg of a 25% aqueous NaOH solution are also added and the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes at 50 ° C and then granulated. The temperature of the granules obtained is cooled by air flow to storage temperature.

The total germ count of the product was significantly reduced compared to that of untreated sunflower. The meal becomes practically sterile. For example, 5,000 whole grains / g of contaminated grains have less than 10 total germs / g after treatment.

As a result of the acid, the cellulose moieties are partially degraded, thus increasing the exploration and degradation effect of the subsequent lye treatment.

Example 4

Example 3 was repeated with the difference that the crude material was treated first with 50 kg of 10% NaOH solution and then with 40 kg of 30% phosphoric acid.

Example 5

1000 kg of sunflower skins (crude protein content 5%, vegetable fat content 3%) are ground to a particle size of less than mm and heated to 70 ° C in a steam generator. 50 kg of 15% KOH were added and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at the indicated temperature and then pelleted under high pressure in a pelletizer.

Shell so treated can be used in the same way as any forage for feed, whereas untreated shells only serve as a filler in the intestine, mainly in the case of fodder.

The product results in 10-15% better feed utilization than untreated product.

Example 6

1000 kg of sunflower meal (protein content 35.0%, fiber content 21.0%) is ground in a suitable mill to a grain size of less than 3 mm. Then, 50 liters of a slurry containing 15% Ca (OH) ₂ was thoroughly mixed and the temperature was raised to 80 ° C by direct and direct steam. The product is pelleted at this temperature and the pellets are cooled by air blowing.

The fiber content of the meal thus treated becomes more digestible, and the fiber utilization coefficient increases, making it suitable for feeding to animals with a single stomach. The use of high-fiber untreated groats in compound stomachs is limited.

The product can be used with good results in egg and broiler feeds and is a substitute for soybean meal.

Example 7

1000 kg of sunflower meal is ground so that the meal contains particles smaller than 3 mm. The meal is then sieved through a 2 mm sieve. The sieve 40 kg of 25% NH ₄ 0H solution was mixed with the remaining amount of 350 kg coarse portion and the temperature indirectly by means of steam under stirring for 60 ^e C was increased and maintained at this temperature is stirred for 10 minutes. Subsequently, 650 kg of finer crumb fraction was added, taking care not to reduce the temperature of the material. The mixture is then pelleted, and the pellets are cooled to less than 30 ° C using an air stream.

The product is suitable for replacing soybean meal in the diet of all monogastric animals due to more intensive treatment of the fiber.

In the meal so treated, the skin portions of the shell are no longer irritated, completely replacing the soybean meal in compound feeds.

Example 8

10-0 kg soybean meal (crude protein content 46.0%, digestible protein content 42.8%, fiber content 6.5%, digestible fat content 2.0%) is milled on a suitable milling apparatus so that it contains particles smaller than 3 mm. 35 kg of a 25% NaOH solution are then added. The mixture was homogenized at 40 ° C. The soybean meal so treated has a 15% increase in feed value compared to untreated meal and is suitable for feeding casein to calves.

Example 9

1000 kg of maize germ (formed during the industrial processing of maize by separating the germ containing the bulk of the oil part of the seed from the other seed parts and used as a raw material in the vegetable oil industry) is milled to a size of 2 mm. 25 kg of a 10% HCl solution are stirred in a suitable mixer for the flour and the temperature of the material is raised to 50 ° C while stirring.

After a residence time of 30 minutes, 30 kg of 10% NaOH solution is added and the mixture is stirred for 20 minutes. The maize germ so treated is capable of replacing the soybean meal completely in the diets.

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Procedure for High Fiber and Unfavorable Fiber Vegetable Oil Mill Shells and Shells Improved Fiber Structure-4193091 Ί for the production of feed or additive (nutrient component), characterized in that it is optionally ground and fractionated according to the particle size by weight of the raw material (a) not more than 5% by weight of an alkali or alkaline substance; or (b) not more than 5% by weight of alkali or alkaline substances and not more than 5% of mineral or organic acids; or c) treatment with one or more of the above materials alternately, followed by granulation, pelleting or extrusion of the treated raw material under compression, if desired. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment is carried out at a temperature of 40-100 ° C. 3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the raw material is sunflower seed, rapeseed, soybean, corn germ or sunflower peel. The method of claim 1, wherein Characterized in that, prior to treatment, the raw material is ground to a grain size of less than 4 mm, preferably about 2 mm, and the coarser fraction treated with an increased amount of alkali or alkali and acid. 5. A process according to claim 1, wherein the amount of alkali and 0.2- 1.2% by weight of mineral acid was used. 6. The process of claim 1 wherein the alkali or alkaline material is 5 to 25% by weight of NaOH, KOH, NH ₄ OH or Ca (OH) ₂ , and the mineral acid is 8 to 15% by weight. hydrochloric acid or 30% phosphorus 20 weeks