HU192956B - Method for producing building industrial coating material compositions suitable for preventing, renewing and repairing extermal and internal structural engineering establishments of various materials e.g.cocrete, reinforced concrete, brick, stone, wood etc. - Google Patents

Abstract

Coating materials for the protection, renovation and restoration of inner and outer structures made of concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, stone, timber etc. above or below ground are prepd. by homogenising 1.0 part by wt. of the toluene or xylene soln. of polystyrene or a styrene-butadiene copolymer having a solids content of 10-70 wt% with 0.2-1.0 pts. by wt. aq. poly-vinylacetate dispersion having a solids content of 20-70 wt% and adding to 1.0 pt. by wt. of the resulting mixt. which may opt. contain additives e.g. companion polymer, pref. 0.3-2.0 wt% vinyl-alcohol-vinyl-acetate copolymer or acrylamide-vinyl-acetate copolymer, surfactants, pref. 0.01-0.2 wt% alkyl-sulphate or alkyl-aryl-sulphonate or alkyl-sulpho-succinate, plasticiser, pref. 1.0-6.0 wt% dialkyl-phthalate, flammability, suppressant, pref. 0.1-3.0 wt% alkyl-phosphate or aryl-phosphate, -2.0-26.0 parts by wt. filler, pref. quartz flour or limestone or perlite or coloured crushed stone or sized river gravel or a mixt. of these components.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the protection, renovation and permanent improvement of civil and industrial building coatings compositions, indoor and outdoor, of various materials (concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, stone, wood, etc.) for use in the production of coatings that are highly resistant to climatic influences. The properties of the compositions can be varied within a wide range, on the one hand, by the appropriate choice of the proportions of the plastic components in the composition and, on the other hand, by the use of various additives which influence the properties of the coating formed.

The expansion of plastic-based and plastic-modified coatings is closely related to the increased challenges facing the building materials industry. The increase in urban air pollution causes faster aging and increased damage to conventional plasters. In industrial areas and factories, due to the presence of aggressive chemicals in the air, the requirements for cladding materials are increasing. Modern coatings must have the following main properties:

- good adhesion (the coating must not become detached from the substrate during or after drying),

- adequate mechanical strength and elasticity (the casing must follow the movement of the substrate without damage, eg shrinkage or expansion due to temperature change),

- weather resistance, resistance to water, good thermoregulatory and vapor permeability (the latter has a special feature in the case of outdoor claddings and façades exposed to the weather, since freezing of water entering the pores may cause damage), -..... - aesthetic properties, uniform appearance and color, easy coloring.

Plastic-based coatings are known both in solution (dispersion for aqueous media) and solvent-free designs. An aqueous formulation is disclosed in German Patent No. 1,471,153, which modifies the properties of conventional construction binders (e.g., cement) by using a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer dispersion. Mortar and plaster made with water-soluble polycondensation resins (e.g., amino-8-triazine-based resins substituted with sulfonic acid) are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 1,671,017 and 1,909,681. U.S. Patent 2,102,456 and British Patent No. 1,490,711 disclose the combined use of a polycondensation resin and a polymer dispersion. According to the latter English patent, melanin-formaldehyde resin is combined with a copolymer dispersion of 50 mol% butyl acrylate - 50 mol% methyl methacrylate or 60 mol% vinyl acetate - 30 mol% vinyl chloride - 10 mol% ethylene. The use of an aqueous acrylic dispersion is also disclosed in British Patent No. 1,505,558.

The plastic component is an aqueous dispersion. application has many benefits. On the one hand, it eliminates the use of toxic and flammable organic solvents. Acrylate dispersions are distinguished by their good alkali resistance, which is an essential requirement due to the alkalinity of the walls of buildings. They adhere well to various surfaces, eg. concrete, mortar, wood. By changing the composition of the copolymer, the mechanical properties of the coatings can also be varied within wide limits. It should be noted, however, that film formation from a dispersion is based on the fact that the dispersion breaks on the surface, the particles lose their stability and, under appropriate conditions, produce a coherent film that adheres to the surface. The film thus formed provides lasting protection, but has the disadvantage that it seals the pores, i.e. the coating has a low vapor permeability.

The binder for solvent-free coatings is mainly resin based on epoxy or urethane. They are generally two-component; after homogenization of the components in appropriate proportions, the mixture should be used within a relatively short period of time. They have the advantage of providing a highly resistant, abrasion resistant coating with good mechanical properties due to their chemical action. The coatings are watertight and are therefore particularly suitable for floor and roof insulation. The disadvantage is that some components are water-sensitive and therefore cannot be used on wet surfaces and can only be applied outdoors in dry weather. Another problem is that coatings are difficult to repair afterwards.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new, easy-to-implement process that enables the economical production of widely applicable compositions for the construction materials, in particular for the design of exterior and interior coatings, and eliminates the disadvantages of prior art processes. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a simple process for controlling a wide range of mechanical properties and permeability properties of the coating, which are essential for thermal and vapor permeability.

The present invention is based on the discovery that from an aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl acetate and a solution of polystyrene or styrene-butadiene copolymer with aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., xylene, toluene) and from conventional construction fillers, preferably quartz flour and / or slurry. a mixture of perlite and / or grade soaked river pebbles - optionally other additives, preferably acrylamide vinyl acetate

192356 copolymer and / or surfactant, preferably allylsulfate or arylsulfonate or alkylsulfosuccinate and / or antistatic agent and / or flame retardant - having substantially different properties on solid surfaces (e.g. aerated concrete, brick, mortar, wood, cement, forming a highly adherent coating with high mechanical strength and high vapor permeability. Porosity can be controlled within a wide range by varying the proportions of the plastic components and using additives, preferably water-soluble polymers (e.g., acrylamide-vinyl acetate copolymer) and / or surfactants (e.g., alkyl sulfate, aryl sulfonate, alkyl sulfosuccinate). The coating is highly water repellent, resistant to climatic effects and to chemicals (eg complex aerosols of acidic nature).

Our findings are surprising in many ways. The vinyl polymers used as binders, polystyrene and polyvinyl acetate, respectively, are not suitable for coating with proper properties. Polystyrene is not a good film-forming, brittle, brittle coating on the surface, which is only able to follow the movement of the base as a result of temperature change. It easily ruptures, separates from the base, resulting in damage to the casing. Polyvinyl acetate forms a surface-elastic, elastic film that seals the pores. Therefore, the vapor permeability of the polyvinyl acetate coated surface is low. At the same time, the film absorbs water (swells slightly) and is easily detached from the surface when exposed to moisture. Surprisingly, these disadvantages do not occur at all in coatings made from a mixture of the two types of vinyl homopolymer and a mixture of a styrene-butadiene copolymer and a polyvinyl acetate dispersion. It is assumed that the volatile components leave or break up the dispersion to form a complex film (so-called composite system) containing microheterogeneities in which the components are present, at least in part, in the form of molar aggregates, more or less isolated from each other as discrete particles. This could also explain our experience with high vapor permeability of coatings. It is believed that the elasticity and adhesion of the coating is provided by polyphvinyl acetate) and its resistance to mechanical effects is provided by the styrene polymer. Surprisingly, however, such an "inhomogeneous" film adheres to the surface permanently and strongly. It would be expected that the adhesion of the film to the composition would change significantly, i.e. that the adhesive strength of the inhomogeneous film would be much lower than that of the one-component polymer film.

A further surprising finding is that the coatings produced by the application of the process are highly water resistant.

This is surprising because while polyvinyl acetate is capable of absorbing small amounts (1-2 wt.% Of the dry weight of the polymer), the water uptake of the styrene copolymer is below 0.1 wt. According to general experience with charged polymeric films, when a film containing substances of different swelling capacities is brought into contact with a swelling agent, due to the different swelling pressures in different parts of the space, an inhomogeneous stress space is created which causes deformation and deterioration of the film. It is emphasized that, in our experience, the adhesive properties of coatings made from the compositions of this process can be advantageously influenced on concrete, cement, mortar, wood and metal surfaces by the addition of 0.2-1.5 wt.% Acrylamide in the polyvinyl acetate dispersion. vinyl acetate copolymer. The adhesive strength is thus increased by 40-70%, the vapor diffusion resistance of the coating is reduced by 25-40% and its water resistance remains practically unchanged.

Briefly, the use of the compositions of the present invention is briefly described.

1. Construction of coating systems for cladding exterior surfaces and facades.

L.A. Surface priming

An aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl acetate and a solution of a polystyrene or styrene-butadiene copolymer in toluene and / or xylene and optionally a co-polymer, preferably an acrylamide-vinyl acetate copolymer and / or a surfactant, preferably an alkyl sulfate or aryl sulfate, a mixture of sulfosuccinates is prepared.

The loose, easily peelable layer on the surface to be coated is mechanically removed (plaster defects greater than 0.5-0.8 m ² should be corrected beforehand) and the surface is then dusted. The mixture thus prepared is air-dry, oil-free, and dust-free in one or more coats by brush application or machine spraying.

L.B. facade

The l.a. A filler, preferably 0.5-3.0 mm graded colored rock chippings and / or perlite and / or light refractory pigment is mixed with the mixture prepared as described in item. The homogenized suspension is described in l.a. Apply a high pressure to the surface prepared in accordance with point 4.2. The film thickness is max. particle size.

2. Construction of indoor coverings, floor coverings

2a Surface priming

A solution of a polystyrene or styrene-butadiene copolymer in toluene and / or xylene and an aqueous medium dispersion of polyvinyl acetate and optionally a copolymer, preferably an acrylamide-vinyl acetate copolymer and / or a surfactant, preferably an alkyl sulfate or aryl sulfate, a mixture of sulfosiccinate and / or flame retardant, preferably butyl phosphate and / or plasticizer, preferably dibutyl phthalate or dioctyl phthalate.

Any dirt on the surface to be coated is removed mechanically or by solvent washing. Hardwood and plastic surfaces should be roughened by sanding. Apply the mixture to a clean, dust-free surface and allow to dry.

2 b Applying cover

2.a. A filler material, preferably 0.5-3.0 mm graded rock chippings, is added to the mass prepared in accordance with 2.a. apply with a trowel or serrated spatula. The layer thickness is selected taking into account the maximum particle size.

After drying, the coating is coated with a polystyrene or styrene-butadiene copolymer protective layer by preparing a dilute solution (2.0-5.0% w / w) of the polymer in toluene, which is applied by brush.

It should be noted that in the construction of coatings for both exterior and interior applications, provided the substrate is of adequate quality, l.a. and 2.a. can be omitted.

It is noted that, in particular coating compositions, the average particle size of the polyvinyl acetate dispersion has been found to be from 0.2 pm15 to 6 pm and the relative molecular weight is from 30,000 to 400,000. polystyrene and styrene-butadiene copolymers have average molecular weights of between 20,000 and 1,000,000, while styrene-butadiene

The proportion of butadiene in the 2θ copolymer is 2-20 mol%.

To illustrate the progress of our procedure, Table I shows comparative test results. The properties of the coating system prepared as described in Embodiments 1 and 2 are compared with those of an acrylate copolymer-based Dekolit facade paint.

Table I

Quality Characteristics of Be35 Venous Systems Made of Acrylate Copolymer Dispersion (Decolithic Facade Paint *) and Polystyrene - Polyvinyl Acetate Base Compounds of Embodiments 1 and 2 of the Invention

Tested feature Dekolit lacquers Polystyrene-Poly (vinyl acetate) composition Test> mode density (at 20 ° C) kgm ³ 1700-2000 1800-1950 MSZ 9650/2 inappropriate material content (%) 75-82 83-86 MSZ 9650/8 pH value 8-9 7-8 Exterior of the coating grainy, matte grainy, matte ÉMISZ 293 crack crack light resistance (grade) 6 7 MSZ 9402/50 water resistance "Waterproof "Waterproof MSZ 9640/11 vapor diffusion resistance 2.6x10 ' 1.04x10 ' (m ² sPa / g) (2 mm plywood- (4 mm plywood- ÉMISZ 267 membership) membership) Drying time (20 ° C, max hour) 1st grade 6 0.2 7th grade 24 20 MSZ-KGST 1442 Adhesive strength (MPa) > 0.2 0.83 ÉMISZ 264 Yield (kg / m ² ) 2.7 1-4 (depending on filler) MSZ 9650/22 * Dekolit facade paint relevant art The table clearly shows technical details of Varnish Eyes Paint engineering mountain according to the invention prepared coating (Budalakk Pesték and Resin Factory, systems are all vapor permeable, Budapest, 1983) m'nd significant in terms of adhesive strength- It does. far beyond the present known and spread- 65 acrylate disperse used there rziókat.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be provided. The examples are not intended to limit the applicability of the invention, but merely illustrate the process.

Example 1

Preparation of noble plaster primer kg of polystyrene (M _m = 350,000) and 0.5 kg of dibutyl phthalate were dissolved in 57 kg of toluene with stirring and then the solution was dissolved in 30 kg of 54 wt% polyvinyl acetate M _m = 120,000 in water dispersion (average particle size: 0.5 µm) and a mixture of 0.5 kg of 40% by weight aqueous solution of dioctylsulfosuccinate. The composition thus prepared can be advantageously applied to pre-plastering mortar, brick, concrete and aerated concrete surfaces. Consumption: approx. 0.2-0.3 kg / m ² . Its advantage is that it dries quickly, reaching a drying rate of 7 - in 1-2 hours, depending on the temperature and air humidity.

Example 2

Preparation of noble plaster composition kg of polystyrene (M < 350,000) was dissolved in 12 kg of toluene with continuous stirring. After complete dissolution of the polymer, the solution is homogenized with an aqueous dispersion of 54% by weight of polyvinyl acetate (Mm = 120,000) (average particle size: 0.5 µm). 70 kg max. White marble meal of 2 mm mesh size was mixed and mortar-like consistency was added by adding 6 kg of water. The composition is applied to the surface based on the composition of Example 1 by mechanical spraying or by manual application at a thickness of 2-3 mm. The noble plaster can withstand the falling effect of the plaster after 2-3 hours.

Example 3

Kg preparation prefabricated concrete elements plastering polystyrene (Mm = 22,000) were dissolved in 10 kg of xylene, and the solution 7.5 kg of 52 wt% solution of poly (vinyl acetate) (Mn = 250,000 _m) dispersion (average particle size: 0.2 and 0.5 kg of 10% acrylamide (86 mol%) vinyl acetate (14 mol%) in a copolymer solution. 74 kg of diabase meal is added to the system and homogenized by stirring. The product can be applied on a new concrete wall without priming. Yield: max. For a filler with a grain size of 2.5 mm, 3-4 kg / m ² .

Example 4

Preparation for coating facades of buildings

A coating composition for coating pellets of sand may be prepared by preparing a solution of 6 kg of polystyrene (Mn = 100,000) and 10 kg of toluene at room temperature. To the solution, with continuous stirring, first 5 kg of an aqueous dispersion of 58% polyvinyl acetate (M _m = 250,000) (average particle size: 2.5 µm) and then 70 kg max. 50% red marble to 50% white marble powder with 2mm chalk size is added. The mortar-like consistency of the material was adjusted with 9 kg of 0.2 wt% octylbenzenesulfonic acid-Na salt solution. The composition is suitable for decorative coverings. Due to its good adhesion to wood, it is advantageous for cladding wooden houses. Consumption: 2-3 kg / m ² .

Example 5

Preparation of heat-insulating coating kg of impact-resistant polystyrene (Mm = 460,000) is dissolved in 50 kg of toluene. To the solution were added 20 kg of a 50% dispersion of polyvinyl acetate (Mm = 360,000) (average particle size: 4 µm) and 7 kg of a 1% solution of dodecyl sulfate sodium. The system is then homogenized by mechanical agitation and 5 kg of expanded perlite is added. The mass is advantageously used for the preparation of thermal insulation coatings. Depending on the layer thickness, the cure of the applied layer will be complete within a few days. It can withstand the effects of rainfall 2-3 hours after application.

Example 6

Preparation of high vapor permeability coating material in kg dispersion of 35% polyvinyl acetate (M _m = 150,000) in aqueous dispersion (average particle size: 2.4 µm) - 25 kg 20% polystyrene (M = 60,000). slowly added to it. To the mixture was added 60 kg of quartz flour and homogenized. The composition provides a moisture-resistant, porous coating, and is therefore suitable for use in damp rooms, e.g. can also be used advantageously in cellars. Moisture can escape through the pores of the coating into the atmosphere.

Example 7

Preparation for priming facades of high-strength reinforced concrete structures in industrial environments

-510

The preferred composition for priming the facade of reinforced concrete structures in industrial environments is 10 kg of polystyrene (Mm = 100,000), 22.5 kg of toluene and 0.3 kg of dibutyl phthalate - while mixing. The solution was prepared from 15 kg of an aqueous dispersion of 58% polyvinyl acetate (M ' = 300,000) (average particle size: 1.5 µm) and 0.5 kg of 40% octylhexyl sulfosuccinate-K salt. For the mixture 51 kg max. Washed quartz sand with a particle size of 0.6 mm is added. Carefully place the mass into the recesses. Do you need multiple layers to fill larger recesses? applied.

Example 8

Construction of a coating system for the permanent protection of reinforced concrete structures in industrial environments

Apply to the cleaned and dusted surface a primer primer prepared as follows: A solution of 1 kg of impact resistant polystyrene (Mm = 690,000) in 0.05 kg of dioctylphthalate and kg of toluene is prepared at room temperature. The solution was dissolved in an aqueous dispersion (solids content: 58% w / w) of 2 kg of polyvinyl acetate (Mni = 100,000) containing 2.5% by weight of nonylphenyl polyethylene glycol ester sulphate-Na salt (dry matter content: 2 µm). ). The mixture is applied by brushing or spraying on the concrete surface. Yield: 0.3 kg / m ² . Drying time: 0.5-1 hour depending on air humidity and outside temperature. The composition prepared as described in Example 7 is applied in one or more layers to the surface so prepared. After drying of these layers, the composition of Example 3 is applied to form the barrier layer of the facade coating system.

Example 9

Pre-renovation of wet wall surfaces with kg 52% by weight of polyvinyl acetate (M M = 30,000) in water B dispersion (average particle size: 2 µm) and 0.2 kg of 22% by weight of dihexylsulfosuccinate Na salt aqueous solution. The system was homogenized with 26 kg of a 5 wt% polystyrene solution (M _b = 560,000). The mixture is preferably used on aqueous surfaces e.g. for basements and cooling towers before renovation. The coating system thus prepared may be applied to the coating system of Example 8.

Example 10

Preparation of a non-slip surface for the preparation of a mixture of kg of polystyrene (Mm = 36,000), 0.5 kg of trichlorophosphate and 19.5 kg of toluene with 10 kg of an aqueous dispersion of 56% by weight polyvinyl acetate (Mm-200,000) ( average particle size: 1.5 µm). For the mixture 60 kg max. 2.5 mm gravel is added. The mass is applied to concrete or wood and smoothed if necessary. Depending on temperature, air humidity and air movement, the total drying time of the layer is approx. It occurs within 36-48 hours. The not yet dry layer was coated with a 10 wt% solution of polystyrene in toluene, ec.se *. After applying the first layer, the polystyrene protective layer is applied for approx. Apply 24 hours.

Example 11

Composition wood surfaces, eg. For the repair and cladding of wooden stairs, kg of styrene (88 mol%) -butadiene (12 mc> 1%) copolymer is dissolved in 30 kg of toluene. The solution was homogenized with 15 kg of 52% by weight polyvinyl acetate (M M = 200,000) in an aqueous dispersion (average particle size: 1.5 µm), and 40 kg of slurry was added. Mix the mass carefully. The composition forms a flexible, well-adherent coating on the surface. Due to its increased elasticity, n is advantageously used for cladding wooden stairs.

EXAMPLE 12 Smooth, self-leveling screed substrate kg of 40% polystyrene solution (Mm = 26,000) 25 kg of 52% polyvinylacetate (Mm = 60,000) in aqueous dispersion (average particle size: 2) (4 µm), homogenized in the presence of 3% by weight of dihexylsulfosuccinate sodium salt. 125 kg of washed quartz sand and 65 kg of water are added with continuous stirring. Preferably, the composition is suitable for use with an adjustable flooring or flooring. roofing materials as an equalizing layer for substrate tendons.

Example 13

Repair of concrete structures

For the repair of concrete surfaces, the following composition is preferably used for sealing joints: 14% by weight of styrene (90 mol%) - butacylene (10 mol%) copolymer, 14% by weight of po-612

Aqueous dispersion (dry weight content: 54% by weight, average particle size: 2.4 µm) of 19 to 956 liters (vinyl acetate) (Mm = 150,000), 1% by weight acrylamide (86 mol%) - vinyl acetate (14 mol%), 0 05% by weight di (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (Na salt), by weight quartz flour, 15% w / w, 35.95% xylene. The paste consistency composition is used first to smooth out the surface irregularities and to apply the paste to the joints. After drying, the entire surface should be removed as shown in Fig

It is coated with the composition of Example 3 in one or more layers, depending on the application.

Example 14

Exterior wall renovation

After removing surface irregularities 2, the wall surface is cleaned and dust-free. For priming, use the following composition: 25% by weight of polyvinyl acetate (Mm = 150,000) in aqueous dispersion (dry weight: 54%, average particle size: 2.4 µm), 10% by weight of styrene (90 mol%) copolymer of -butadiene (10 mol%), r, 2% by weight of acrylamide (86 mol%) - copolymer of vinyl acetate (14 mol%),

0.2 wt.% Dihexylsulfosuccinate (Na salt), 62.8 wt.% Xylene. After drying on the primed surface for 2-3 hours, the noble plaster composition of Example 2 is applied in a thickness of 2-3 mm. The coating has a decorative effect and is highly resistant to mechanical influences. 3

Claims (1)

A construction coating composition comprising polystyrene, plasticizer and inorganic building filler for the protection, renovation and repair of exterior and interior construction and civil engineering works of various materials, preferably concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, stone, wood. characterized in that 3 20-60 parts by weight of an aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl acetate having an average particle size of 0.15-8 µm, an average relative molecular weight of 15,000-450,000 with a dry matter content of 30-60, and 80-40 parts by weight of 20,000:> From 5 to 40% by weight of xylene or toluene solution of polystyrene or a styrene-butadiene copolymer containing from 1 to 20 000% by weight of an average molecular weight of between 1 000 000 and optionally a co-polymer, preferably 0.3 to 2.0 parts by weight of acrylamide ( vinyl acetate) copolymer and at least one of the following excipients, such as 0.01-0.2 parts by weight of a surfactant, preferably alkylsulf 1-6 parts by weight of a known plasticizer, preferably dialkyl phthalate and 0.1-3 parts by weight of a flame retardant, preferably dialkyl phosphate or aryl phosphate, 100-800 parts by weight of a known filler, preferably or consists of limestone and / or perlite and / or colored rock chippings and / or graded river gravel.