HU190754B - Multiple-spindle machining centre - Google Patents

Abstract

Multiple machine tool with tool- and workpiece-changing device for the simultaneous drilling and/or milling of a plurality of identical workpieces, having a basic machine with a plurality of parallel horizontal main spindles, a work-holding device lying opposite the main spindles, an external tool store and a gripping device for the tool change. To simplify the tool change, the main spindles on the basic machine can be adjusted together in all three coordinate directions, so that they can perform the required movements for aligning and clamping the tools, whereas the tool store has a tool drum magazine, arranged next to the machine, with a horizontal axis of rotation, perpendicular to the main spindles, and the gripping device fitted on the drum magazine has a linearally guided gripper arm, parallel to the axis of the drum magazine, for moving one of a plurality of multiple tool cassettes for the tool change. The work-holding device has at least two prismatic support pallets for receiving the workpieces and components for the automatic changing or rotational adjustment of the support pallets in predetermined graduations.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a spindle machining device for the simultaneous drilling of several identical workpieces.

Numerically controlled (NC) machines have become a leading trend in machine tool development due to their universal programmability, flexible adjustability and automatic nature. However, productivity is still lagging behind today in many areas of large-scale and mass production multi-tool systems that perform many operations at the same time. Recently, progress has been made to overcome these disadvantages. However, some of the multi-spindle systems developed so far for NC machines are too special to require a different multi-spindle head for each hole pattern (eg. KTM .MULTI-HEAD CHANGER ", Pritz Werner .TC 22 ', a .ORION STANDARD machine from Comau, etc.). Such solutions are included in the English version published in UK .2.092.923 (B 23Q7 / 00) (25.08.1982) and in .1,931,559 C2 DE (B23Q3 / 157) (23.12.1970). German patents disclosed.

Another part is more versatile by machining several workpieces of the same type simultaneously with multiple parallel spindles, but the latter do not yet source all of the basic machine, high capacity toolboxes, multi-tool manipulator systems, and multiple workpieces at the same time. optimally interlocking structures for automatic workpiece handling systems.

For example, the solution described in U.S. Patent No. 3,371,580 ”, which contains four parallel spindles, does not provide an automatic tool change tool for these spindles, so it does not contain either a high capacity tool box or an automatic tool changer and is therefore considered a single machine tool. The workpiece system is designed to contain multiple tilting cradles, but the worktops can only be replaced on the table tops when the machine is stationary.

The machine according to German Patent Publication No. .2,739,534 C2 DE "(B 23Q3 / 157) (08.03.1979) has vertical spindles, the workpiece system does not allow three-sided machining of workpieces in one go, and it also has an automatic workpiece feeder. incomplete on the machine.

The workpiece system of the thousandth machine of German Patent .DE 2723 544 A1 only allows workpieces to be machined in one direction, thus limiting its scope. When tools are automatically exchanged, three separate manipulator systems transfer the tools to each other, the last of which is itself a four-piece automatic tool changer.

Fritz Werner's four-spindle TC1-MR machining machine is also capable of one-way machining of workpieces. Here, four independent double grip tool change manipulators are used for tool change.

The known solutions do not have the universal part exchange systems required for the automatic exchange and replacement of many workpieces, and column pallets have not been replaced automatically at all. A further disadvantage of the known system is that the tool storage capacity is small, the number of interchangeable tools per spindle is less than the minimum tool used in single spindle machining equipment, and the space structures are such that storage capacity cannot be significantly increased. The small number of interchangeable tools limits the range of workpieces to be machined and is not considered a universal solution. The spindles of multi-spindle basic machines are mostly vertical, so they are more difficult to remove from horizontal workpieces and are generally only suitable for machining one side of the workpiece. The prior art horizontal spindle multi-spindle machines were either not equipped with automatic tool change or complex manipulators, e.g. manipulator built into each spindle - and the movements of the base machine did not facilitate automatic tool change.

The latter group includes the TC1-MR machining equipment from Fritz Werner, which has four main spindles which are mounted in a fixed position and are driven by a motor or gear, respectively. Each spindle is assigned a separate manipulator that interacts with a chain-shaped tool store running on the base machine. Opposite the spindles, two flat carrier pallets are provided with workpiece changing units, the pallets of which can be moved in three coordinate directions on slides. Workpieces can be gripped on only one side of a flat pallet, and thus only one side of the workpiece can be machined with a clamp. In this machine, all coordinate movements must be performed by the workpieces, while the manipulators must also perform a complex three-dimensional movement during tool change.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a CNC-controlled multi-spindle machining device that primarily solves small workpiece drill milling with high productivity that meets the needs of large-scale production. , providing an automatic tool and workpiece exchange for a large number of large workpieces is economical and relatively inexpensive.

The object of the present invention has been solved by the fact that the spindles of the base machine are mounted in a manner adjustable on three slides movable in different coordinate directions, the tool storage being formed as a drum arranged horizontally perpendicular to the spindles formed cassettes and associated with a drum manipulator having a linearly guided manipulator bar with a linearly guided manipulation bar for rotating the tool carrier cassettes in parallel with its axis of rotation; and having a structural unit for adjusting it by rotation according to a specific division.

It is a further feature of the present invention that the spindles are arranged symmetrically with respect to a simple closed-ended rack of the base machine, and the spindle drive motor is mounted on the spindle cabinet next to this closed-end rack.

According to the present invention, it is desirable to have guide rails parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum for the flat, ribbed tool carrier cassettes having a plurality of tool pick-up grooves corresponding to a multiple of the spindle number.

According to the invention, it is also desirable to have a gripping jaw which engages with one of the ends of the cartridges and is provided at each end of the linearly guided manipulator bar with a perpendicular manipulator arm.

The manipulator is preferably configured so that the gripping jaw closer to the base machine is movable between the base end of the drum and the working space of the base machine, while the gripping jaw away from the base is movably movable between the rear side of the drum and a position for pulling the tool carrier is arranged.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pallet pallets in the workpiece changing unit are provided on each of their four longitudinal sides with surfaces capable of accommodating several workpieces simultaneously, while on their face sides they are provided with surfaces for orientation and rotation.

It is also advantageous that the pallet pallet pallet guides are guided in a non-fixed and non-orientated position between the working space of the base machine and a mounting position in a swivel bracket or linearly movable trolley, where their axial and angular positions in the swivel brackets is defined.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the rotary mechanism of the pallet pallets comprises a Hirth toothed runner mounted on the face of the pallet palette, which is connected to a stand by a Hirth tooth which is mounted on a rack by means of a saddle tip

In addition to the above, it is advantageous to provide a rotary mechanism for the pallet pallets having a cylinder mounted on a rack which can be connected to the pallet pallet by means of a thrust bearing and a driving mandrel. equipped with a hydraulic or electric rotary drive.

According to the invention, it is also advantageous for the pallet truck wagons to be connected to a circular guide track via rollers or radially guided on an annular rotary table, wherein the annular rotary table is provided with a rotary drive and a section of the annular guide track is movably connected

Finally, according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at each end of the pallet pallet there is provided a roller surface which is guided on the ball rollers of the pallet moving carriage and an orientation element is arranged between the carrier pallet and the carriage.

The device according to the invention achieves its objects by employing a simple machine with a multi-axis horizontal spindle, which has a constant spacing, the three coordinate movements of the machine do not only the movements required for machining, but also the greater number of movements required for simultaneous exchange of several tools. provides new structural solutions for high capacity tool storage, tool change manipulator, automatic capture, switching, and exchange of pallet pallets,

111. for their conversion into production cells.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The diagrams first show the complex system in its main units and details, and then illustrate their relationship. Fig. 1 is a top plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a multi-spindle NC drill mill forming the basic apparatus of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a front view of a structural component of the high capacity toolbox of the spindle NC machining tool, the tool carrier cassette,

Figure 3 illustrates guiding a cassette shown in Figure 2 in the tool magazine, in a view perpendicular to the axis of the tool magazine, which also shows a trapped thousand;

Fig. 4 shows the connection between the right parts of the tool cassette of Fig. 2 and the tool-based manipulator, which is an enlarged view or a detail of Fig. 5. Figure 5 shows a section through the axis of rotation of the high capacity toolbox of the spindle NC machining machine, together with the base machine and the plan view of the manipulator,

Figure 6 illustrates an automatic column pallet rotating and rotating mechanism for a workpiece changer unit,

Figure 7 is a view of the position of the automatic column palette changing mechanism of Figure 6 relative to the base machine,

Figure 8 illustrates, in greater detail, a structural detail of the pallet auto-shift mechanism of Figure 6, the orientation, locking and guiding elements of the palette,

Figure 9 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a column palette switching mechanism of a multi-pallet production cell,

Fig. 10 shows another exemplary embodiment for receiving a column palette of a multi-palette cell, in a view perpendicular to the axis of the palette.

In the figures, the four main structural units are given Roman numerals:

- I. Basic machine; - II. High capacity tool storage; - III. Tool change manipulator; - IV. Column palette splitting and shifting system.

All three ordinate movements of the three-spindle I basic machine of the machining train according to the invention are performed by the spindles, e.g. the

In Fig. 1, the rack 1 can be moved in the Z and X directions, with the slider 2 guiding the rack 1 in the Y direction, whereby the three spindles 3 mounted on the sled 2 are symmetrically positioned relative to the rack 1 and driven by the motor 4. The three-way movement of the spindles 3 not only performs machining tasks but also most of the movements required for tool change and simplifies the operation of the workpiece changing unit. An essential element of the high-capacity tool magazine for the three-spindle base machine 1, formed as drum magazine II, is the tool holder cassette 5 illustrated in the front view for holding the tools directly. The cassette 5 is a flat strip-shaped element with grooves 6 for gripping the .V flange of the tools. In order to increase the storage capacity of the cassette 5, one cassette has more grooves 6 than the number of spindles 3, e.g. Fig. 2 shows a cassette 5 with six grooves, the distance of the grooves 6 being half the distance of the spindles 3, so that a cassette 5 has a tool group suitable for double clamping. Every second tool is removed from the 5 cassettes and / or replaced. puts them back.

In the case of larger machines with larger spindle distances, several tools can be placed on the cassettes 5 between two spindles 3, i.e. multi-groove cassettes can be used. The number of grooves on the cassettes 6 is n times the number of spindles 3, where n is an integer. The orientation of the tools in the cassettes 5 is provided by compass 7. In addition, two stumps 8 suitable for gripping the cassettes 5 are fastened to the ends of the cassettes, by means of which the manipulator III can pull the cassette 5 from one or the other direction. For example, the right block 8 can be dragged into the working space of the base machine I to the right during the automatic tool change cycle and the left block 8 in the opposite direction for manual loading of the drum II.

As shown in Fig. 3, the rotatable drum container II having a horizontal axis of rotation 9 perpendicular to the main spindles 3 of the base machine I, as shown in Fig. 5, is a regular polygon, optionally a regular hexagon, in cross section. At the edges of each polygon side, there are attached lower and upper guide rails 10, between which each tool holder cassette 5 is guided, while the tools they hold extend into the interior of the drum space II. The upper guide rail 10, while guiding, also closes the grooves 6 of the cassette 5 from above, thus simply and securely preventing the tools from falling out when rotating the drum II.

According to the gripping detail shown in Fig. 4, the cassette 5 is pulled out of the drum magazine II by a pull-out jaw 16 fixed on the arm 11 'of the manipulator III via the grip of the stump 8. The connection between the stump 8 and the chuck 16 is such that it allows the cassette 5 to move perpendicular to the drawing, which corresponds to the rotation of the cassettes 5 around the axis 9 in the drum magazine II. When the extraction jaw 16 mounted on the manipulator arm 11 'pulls the cassette 5 to the right from the walled drum 11, the clamping jaw 12 slides against the end of the cassette 5 by the action of the spring 13, thereby preventing the cassette 5 from moving in any direction relative to the manipulator arm 11'. This is very important because in this way when pulled out, both ends of the cassette 5 are clamped. Thus, when the manipulator rod 11 is rigid, the large number of cassettes 5 is relatively less stiff and lighter and can hold a large number of tools. This clamping is therefore also an important tool for increasing the capacity of the tool storage.

The clamping jaw 12 is slidably attached to the manipulator arm 11 '. If the manipulator arm 11 * returns the cassette 5 to the drum magazine II in the final phase of movement, the clamping jaw 12 rises against the wall 14 of the drum magazine II, and during further left movement of the manipulator arm 11 ' .

5 shows that the cassette 5 can be moved from the rotary drum magazine II by moving the manipulator arm 11 'mounted on the end of the manipulator bar 11 of the manipulator bar III into the working space of the three-spindle basic machine I. For automatic tool change, manipulator III is sufficient to perform this single movement, since the other necessary movements - inserting the tools into the cassette 5 and moving the tool into the cassette - are required. positioning of the spindles 3 on the tools, their running on or off. moving away - the basic machine I performs its coordinate movements simultaneously with the three tools.

If the divider 15 rotates the drum II only in half increments, the block 8 is not engaged in this position with the pull-out jaw 16 or the manipulator arm 11 ', so that the manipulator III can be pushed to the right without carrying a cassette. after half-rotation, the left pull-out jaw 16 of the XII manipulator will engage the left-hand lug 8 of the cartridge 5. Thus, during the movement of the manipulator III to the left, the cassette 5 is pulled out of the drum magazine II to the left, where it is manually filled and / or loaded. tools can be easily replaced.

As shown in Fig. 6, the workpieces are clamped on rectangular sectional pallets 17, 18. For each sheet of column palettes 17, 18, three or .n'-thousands of three small pieces are taken, where .n * is an integer. So at least two 2 x 4 x 3 = 24 workpieces can be accommodated on the two column palettes. One of the column palettes - e.g. in the drawing, the column palette 17 is in the work space, while the other palette 18 is in the workpiece holding area, the assembly station.

The column pallets 17, 18 are loosely gripped or disengaged in the brackets 20, 21 that are rotatable about the axis 19. axially guided. The column palettes 17, 18 may be slightly displaced in the brackets 20, 21, which movement is limited to the right by the collision of the shoulder 22 mounted on the column palettes and to the left by the engagement of the Hirth-toothed oriental wings 23, 24. Spring cone pins 26 are connected to the conical bores 25 of the shoulder 22, which prevent the column palette from being easily rotated when the Hirth-toothed guide rails 23, 24 are not engaged. The column 17 in the working space is secured to the racks 27, 28 by pushing the column 17 to the left via the hydraulic cylinder 29 in the rack 28, thereby forcefully pushing the guide crown 24 into the guide ridge 23 attached to the holder 27. The column palette 17 is rotated (indexed) about its own axis so that the hydraulic cylinder 29 retracts the saddle tip 30, the cylinder 31 rotates the pallet 17 through the drive pin 32, while the drive pin 32 drives the pin 34 into the bores 34 by means of which they can be rotated if the drive pin 32 is rotated by any means. This rotation is exemplified in Fig. 6 by an articulated hydraulic cylinder 35 and associated lever mechanism 36; also with DC motor, gear ratio, etc. The pallet orientation and locking is accomplished by rotating the cylinder 29 as described above, while the cylinder 31 also pulls the drive pin 32 to its left extreme position, which is then rotatable to its subdivision position.

Rotation and orientation of the pallet 18 at the assembly station is also carried out as described above, except that the attachment is made not to the carrier racks 27 and 38 but to the relief rack 37, 40, which are rather independent from each other but connected only through the foundry ( see also Figure 7).

When all the axial cylinders 29, 31, 38, 39 are in the retracted position, the pivot palettes 17, 18 can be rotated by rotating the shaft 19 by 180 °, i.e., they are transferred to the working space at the mounting station and vice versa.

Fig. 7 shows a view perpendicular to the pallet 17, 18 that the workspace 41 is separated from the assembly space by a sheet 41 preferably made of transparent material. This plate 41 rotates with the pallets about axis 511 when changing pallet 17, 18 and serves primarily to protect the assembly space from chips and coolant.

For palettes - eg. Fig. 8 shows a semi-rolling solution for loosely guiding a column pallet 17 in the rotating brackets 20, 21 in which the column pallet 17, when rotated in position with the hydraulic cylinder 29 mounted on the Hirth-toothed orienting crown 23, Underneath the ball corner 42, 43, a pallet 44, 45 is inserted which breaks the connection between the pallet ^ and the ball row. In this way, the fixing on the guide rings 23, 24 and guiding them in the rotating brackets 20, 21 and the forces and forces involved in the installation of the workpieces from the assembly space are not over-determined. printers cannot reach the pallet fixed in the working space through the rotating brackets 20, 21.

The automatic capture of the column pallets 17, 18 described above is applicable not only to IV dual pallet shift systems but also to expandable multi-pallet change systems. In Figure 9, the pallet 17, 18, 46, 47 are loosely guided in small trolleys 48, 49, 50, 51 instead of rotating brackets, in a similar manner to the preceding. The trolleys can be pushed into the working space by linear movement from the rotary table 53 with the hydraulic cylinder 52. In the rear position of the hydraulic cylinder 52, the trolley 48 is pulled onto the annular rotary table 53, which can rotate the trolley with the pallet pallets, i.e. bring another filled pallet to the working space. The radial position of the carriages is determined by rotation, via two rollers mounted on the carriages, of a stationary annular conduit 54 having a small segment, the section 55 being movable radially by the hydraulic cylinder 52 and thereby pushing the carriage 52 or column palette into the workspace. The panel 56 secured to the rear of the trolley closes the work space so that the trolley can remain in the work space during machining.

For the other three pallet blocks 18, 46, 47 outside the work space, workpieces can be mounted and disassembled in any position so that more people can serve the high productivity machine.

There may also be a need to place workpieces on column pallets somewhere other than the machine, in which case pallets 53 can be easily removed from the ring table. 10, there are two roller surfaces 58 at each end of the column pallet 57 which, as shown, rest on pallet carriers 59 via ball supports 60. These 60-ball supports make it easy to axially move the column palettes into and out of the Hirth-toothed orienteering corridor. The pallet is positioned relative to the carriage 59 by means of orientation elements 61.

The spindle borer milling apparatus of the present invention has the advantage of providing high productivity with simple and economical solutions. It can replace several single spindle machines in productivity, but only one feed system, main drive, control system, etc. is needed. use.

Symmetrically positioned spindles with a side-motor gearbox allow for a simple rack structure.

The tool magazine according to the invention has the advantage of having a large storage capacity, which can store many tools in a small space with simple means. Capacity cassettes are used to increase capacity, in which the number of stored tools is an integer multiple of the number of spindles.

In a simple, lightweight small cassette, the storage of a plurality of tools is facilitated by gripping and supporting the extended end of the cassette through the gripping jaw of the manipulator. The drum can hold a large number of cassettes. The manipulator has the advantage of a high degree of simplicity, since most of the changeover movements are performed by the base machine.

The workpiece divider and changer unit are characterized by high storage capacity, high rigidity and simple solutions. In particular, the stiffness of the saddle tip, which is pressed directly on the stationary casting, pushes the orientation crown of the column palettes directly to the stiffness. The saddle tip can be selected as a large diameter truncated cone because the tip of the column palette does not come into contact with the palette so friction at the larger diameter does not occur. The special guiding of the pallet pallets in the swivel brackets allows the load to be unloaded so that no external oversights are transmitted to the machining system through the swivel brackets. The swivel brackets also allow good sealing of the ends of the pallet pallets.

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Multi-spindle machining equipment for the simultaneous drilling of several identical workpieces, with a plurality of parallel machines having a horizontal spindle, a workpiece changer, a dividing unit and an external tool storage and tool change manipulator, the spindles (3) of the base machine (I) driven by an asymmetric main gear unit (3) mounted on three slides movable in different coordinate directions, the tool storage being arranged as a drum (9) arranged horizontally perpendicular to the spindles (3) II) -613 having a cassette (5) formed as an elementary tool magazine on its periphery and having a tool change manipulator (III) for moving the tool holder cassettes (5) in a horizontal direction having a linearly guided manipulator bar (11) parallel to its drum (II); ), in addition, at least two column palettes (17, 18, 46, 47) of the workpiece divider (IV), having at least two workpiece fixing surfaces, and automatic exchange or indexing of the palette palettes ) has a final structural unit. Machining device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal spindles (3) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the simple closed-section rack (1) of the base machine (I) and the motor (4) for driving the spindles (3) mounted on the spindle cabinet (2) next to the enclosed rack (1). Machining device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that guide rails (10) parallel to the axis of rotation (9) of the drum (II) are mounted on the periphery of the drum (II) for the flat, ribbed tool-holding cassettes (5), in which a number of tool pick-up grooves (6) is formed corresponding to a multiple of the spindle number. 4. Machining device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each of the linearly guided manipulator rods (11) has a leading jaw (16) cooperating with one of the ends of the cassettes (5) and a manipulating lever (11 *) perpendicular thereto. a clamping jaw (12) is provided. Machining device according to claim 4, characterized in that the pulling jaw (16) closer to the base machine (I) is between the end of the drum space (II) from the base machine (I) and the working space of the base machine (I). A remote gripping jaw (16) is movably disposed between the other side of the drum container (II) and a position for fully pulling the tool carrier cassette (5) out of the drum container (II). 6. Machining device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the workpiece pallet (17, 18, 46, 47) in the workpiece divider (IV) has surfaces on each of its four longitudinal sides for simultaneously receiving several workpieces, and having a surface suitable for rotation (34). 7. Machining apparatus according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the workpiece is encouraged the, relay unit (IV) hasabpaleltái (17, 18, 46, 47) between the main body (I), working chambers and a szereíöhely rotatable ^non-5-frozen and non-oriented position stirrups They are guided in a linearly movable carriage (48, 49, 50, 51), wherein their axial and angular positions in the pivotable brackets (20, 21) are a shoulder. (22) and is defined by a spring oriented mechanism, such as spring forward pins (25, 26). 8. Machining device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a 15 hasábpalettók (17, 18, 46, 47) rotating mechanism of one of the block range wheel side reinforced tájolókoszorú (24) equipped with a Hirth toothing belongs, which is moved by a hydraulic cylinder (29) Advantage through ²⁰ regcsúcs (30) to another transfer plate (27) may be operatively coupled to a reinforced Hirth toothed guide ring (23). 25 9. Machining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it is the prism palette (17, 18, 46, 47) rotating mechanism with a carrier frame (27) arranged in cylinders (31) is provided, which támθ · ^- bearing and carrier pins ( linked 32) through the hasábpalettával (17, 18), entraining blades which drive pin end face (32), for example, the drivers are (33) that the block pallet (17, 18) ₃ 5 can be connected, while the drive pin (32) is hydraulic or electromechanical equipped with a rotary drive. Machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trolleys (48, 49, 50, 51) which move the pallet pallets (17, 18, 46, 47) are connected to a circular guide track on rollers or to an annular rotary table (53). radially guided, where it is annular 45 rotary tables (53) are provided with a rotary drive, and a section (55) of the circular guide track is movably connected by a hydraulic cylinder (52). 11. The processor of claim 10 Apparatus 5θ, characterized in that at each end of the column pallet (57) there is a roller surface (58) guided on the ball rollers (60) of the pallet truck (59), in addition to the column pallet (57) and the An orientation element (61) is arranged between the carriage 55 (59).