HU190094B - Process for the production of two-phase metal cleaning material - Google Patents

Abstract

Metal cleaning prepns. consisting of two phases, both liq., contain 10-80 wt.% kerosene fraction, 0-25 wt.% engine oil, 0-30 wt.% spindle oil distillate, 5-20 wt.% ethylene-oxide adduct of 10-18 carbons fatty-alcohols soluble in the above oil mixt., 5-10 wt.% water soluble surfactant ethylene-oxide adduct of 10-18 carbon fatty-alcohols, 1-7 wt.% co-surfactant aliphatic normal or branched alcohols with 1-4 carbons, 0.5-3.0 wt.% water and 0.5-5.0 wt.% corrosion inhibitor.

Description

Often, biphasic cleaning is used to degrease metal surfaces or to remove oily dirt. In the first phase of cleaning, the cleaning agent is applied to the surface to be cleaned by spraying, spraying, lubrication or, in the case of small metal objects, dipping. After a period of time, the soap mixture is removed with a strong jet of water (second phase). Biphasic cleaners can be used to clean railcars, machines, engines, and oil tanks.

Dirt adhering to metal surfaces consists of an inhomogeneous mixture of solid and liquid components. The liquid component of the dirt (the so-called binder of the dirt), which is mostly oil, binds the solid particles (soot, cement, soil particles, etc.) to the metal surface.

Agents for cleaning contaminated metal surfaces must meet a number of requirements.

The most important of these is the proper cleaning effect, that is, the dirt can be easily and quickly removed with water, forming a spontaneous emulsion with water, which helps to permanently remove the oily dirt, without spotting or corrosion on the surface. The metal cleaner shall have a neutral pH and an open-air flash point (according to Marcusson) of at least 55 ° C. The latter is an important requirement from a safety point of view. Do not contain any components that are harmful to health.

Methods for degreasing and pickling metal objects are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 154,106 and 158,733. Hungarian patents.

The examples in both of these descriptions contain large amounts of mineral acid, so these agents are primarily for pickling and not for cleaning, after being treated with a risk of corrosion or paint protection. No. 157,971. Hungarian patent specification discloses a process for degreasing solvents of metal objects. The method solves the degreasing of small parts by dipping technology, it cannot be used for washing machines, motors.

It is also used for cleaning metal surfaces in accordance with No. 159,195. The process described in the Hungarian patent specification. In this case, the agent is an aqueous solution which is not suitable for removing heavy oil contamination from motors.

No. 165,239. Hungarian Patent No. 4,600,600 relates to the degreasing of small parts, the process being carried out in a closed space with solvent vapors.

Part No. 166,854, Component Wash Liquid, which dissolves contaminants from oil aging and operation and provides temporary corrosion protection. The claims relate to a petroleum fraction of 220-280 ° C containing an odor masking additive. Petroleum distillate, as described, is not a degreasing agent, soaking the components is necessary to achieve a proper soiling effect. After evaporation of the solvent, a protective coating providing temporary corrosion protection is formed, and the petroleum fraction disclosed in the patent can be used primarily for this purpose.

For cleaning heavily soiled aluminum surfaces, see No. 174,412. Hungarian patent specification. The product is aqueous based, has an alkaline effect and should be rinsed with 4-6% nitric acid solution to prevent corrosion, which means one more operation step.

No. 172,404. A disadvantage of the compositions disclosed in the Hungarian patent is that the dirt dissolved in the washing liquid cannot be removed at the desired rate and a large amount of water must be used. A further disadvantage is that the compositions (which are water / oil type emulsions, i.e. thermodynamically unstable systems), produce no or very difficult to re-settle sediment at standstill, thus separating the emulsion into two phases, thereby greatly reducing their effectiveness.

The aim of our investigations was to develop a composition which eliminates the disadvantages described above.

The invention is based on the discovery that a biphasic metal cleanser in thermodynamically stable microemulsion form is surprisingly more effective than water / oil type emulsions and does not change its effectiveness during storage.

The mlcroemulsifier has a four-component system in phase equilibrium: oil phase, water, surfactant, and cotenside. The mlcroemulsion is optically isotropic, homogeneous, thermodynamically stable. The oil phase, the surfactant and the cotenside part of the microemulsion may also be mixtures. The structure of the microemulsion is that it contains a much greater amount of surfactant than the critical micelle concentrator. The micelles formed in the oil phase contain water or, if the system contains a water-soluble surfactant, an aqueous surfactant solution.

Thus, it will be appreciated that the amount of water that can be incorporated into the system will depend on the amount of oil soluble surfactant.

Cotenzens also play an important role in achieving the desired stability. The mechanism by which cotenzenes (alcohols) stabilize ml microemulsion is not fully understood. (Journal of Colloid and Inter'ace Science Vol. 81 No. 1./1981 /).

In our experiments, it was found that the solubility of the petroleum fraction commonly used in metal cleaning compositions was unexpectedly enhanced by the use of the following mixture in the microemulsion instead of the one component solvent: petroleum-24 µm, engine oil and / or spindle oil. Surprisingly, the effectiveness of this non-aqueous based system was greatly enhanced by the use of water-soluble surfactant, which was only made possible by the microemulsion structure.

Given that eg. the dirt on the car's chassis is extremely complex, oily and dusty, with a microemulsion metal additive containing water-soluble surfactant in addition to oil-soluble, which is understandably much better at cleaning than previous conventional formulations.

The present invention relates to a microemulsion for use as a biphasic metal cleanser comprising the following components;

Solvents are a mixture of motor oil, spindle oil and kerosene, as surfactants ethoxylated derivatives of fatty alcohols, as co-surfactants alcohol and water.

The composition also contains one of the following types of agents known per se for temporary corrosion protection: fatty acid mono- or diethanolamide, imidazoline derivative.

The process for preparing the composition of the invention is as follows: The appropriate amounts of the solvent components are weighed and thoroughly homogenized. While stirring, the required amount of surfactant is added, and after it is dissolved or dispersed, water is added slowly with stirring. The system achieves the stability and transparency characteristic of microemulsions after the addition or vigorous mixing of cotensil (alcohol).

The advantages of the biphasic metal cleaners of the composition or process of the present invention can be summarized as: their effectiveness over the one component solvent water / oil type detergents since they are capable of simultaneously releasing different types of impurities due to the solvent mixture used and not the microemulsion structure it is separated into separate phases so that its composition and hence its efficiency remain constant. Furthermore, the oil used in the solvent mixture greatly facilitates the emulsion formation when washing the sprayed agent with water, which prevents the dirt from re-adhering.

A further advantage of the composition is that it shortens the cleaning time and requires less water to remove loose dirt.

The following examples illustrate the composition of the biphasic metal cleaners of the present invention without limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

To produce 100 kg of biphasic metal cleaner, add 56 kg of kerosene (density 0.840 g / cm ³ at 20 ° C, 1.3 mg KOH / 100 ml acid) and 25 kg spindle oil (acid number 0) to a heated duplicator equipped with a stirrer. , 05 mg KOH / g, freezing point -5 ° C, flash point at least 40 ° C according to Pensky-Martens) and vigorously stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then, 8 kg (C2-C18 fatty alcohol adduct with 2-6 moles of ethylene oxide), which was preheated to 45 ° C, was added. After stirring for 5 minutes, slowly add 3 kg of water at room temperature. After stirring vigorously for 20 minutes, 4 kg of water-soluble tensile adduct (10-18 C szén-Cat) in 8 kg of ethylene oxide are added to the system. After homogenization, 2 kg of isopropyl alcohol cotenside is added to the system.

Finally, 2 kg of fatty acid mono- and diethanolamide (average molecular weight 610 ± 10) are mixed with the homogeneous homogeneous material to prevent corrosion. The resulting nicroemulsion was allowed to cool to room temperature with stirring.

The metal cleaner thus produced is suitable for the removal of oil contamination of vehicles with average levels of contamination.

Example 2

As described in Example 1, the following composition was prepared:

Petroleum 55 kg. Machine oil (viscosity 20 mm ² / s at 50 ° C) 20 kg. pour point -20 ° C, acid number 0.10 mg KOH / g) Ethoxylated fatty alcohol 10 kg.

(Adduct of C10-C18 fatty alcohol with an average of 4 moles of ethylene oxide)

Ethoxylated fat is 8 kg.

(Adduct of C10-C18 fatty alcohol with an average of 10 moles of ethylene oxide)

Isopropyl alcohol 2 kg.

Dialkylimidazole 2 kg.

(alkyl number of the alkyl group is 12-18)

Water 3 kg.

100 kg.

The composition thus prepared is an effective detergent for heavily soiled metal surfaces.

Example 3

As described in Example 1, the following composition was prepared: Petroleum 55 kg.

Machine oil 10 kg.

Spindle oil 10 kg.

Eoxylated fatty alcohol 7 kg.

(Adduct of C10-C18 fatty alcohol with an average of 4 moles of ethylene oxide)

Ethoxylated fat is 7 kg.

(C 10 -C 18 fatty alcohol with an average of 10 moles ethylene oxide)

Butyl alcohol 3 kg.

Water 3 kg.

Dialkylimidazole 5 kg.

(alkyl number of the alkyl group is 12-18)

100 kg.

The composition thus obtained is advantageous for the cleaning of metal surfaces which, after cleaning, also have an enhanced corrosion protection.

Example 4

As described in Example 1, the following composition was prepared:

Petroleum 60 kg.

Machine oil 5 kg.

Spindle oil 15 kg.

Ethoxylated fatty alcohol 5 kg.

(Adduct of C10-C18 fatty alcohol with an average of 4 moles of ethylene oxide)

Ethoxylated fatty alcohol 5 kg (adduct of C10-C18 fatty alcohol with an average of 10 moles of ethylene oxide)

Denatured spirits 5 kg.

Water 3 kg.

Fatty acid mono- and diethanolamide 2 kg.

(The fatty acid has a carbon number of 12-18 with an average molecular weight of 610 ± 10)

100 kg.

The composition thus prepared is a suitable cleaning agent for metal surfaces covered with a thinner layer of oily soil.

Example 5

As described in Example 1, the following composition was prepared: Petroleum 30 kg.

Machine oil 25 kg.

Spindle oil 7.5 kg.

Ethoxylated fatty alcohol 20 kg.

(Adduct of C10-C18 fatty alcohol with an average of 4 moles of ethylene oxide)

Ethoxylated fatty alcohol 5 kg.

(Adduct of C10-C18 fatty alcohol with 10 moles of ethylene oxide on average)

Denatured alcohol 7 kg.

Water 0.5 kg.

Dialkylimidazole 5 kg.

(The alkyl number of the alkyl group is 12-18)

100 kg.

The composition thus obtained is mainly suitable for cleaning greasy soils.

example

As described in Example 1, a composition having the following composition was prepared:

Petroleum (density 0,840 g / cm ³ at 40 ° C, 40 kg acid number 1,3 mg KOH / 100 ml)

Flavored gasoline (density at 15 ° C

0,870 g / cm ³ , starting point not less than

145 ° C, end point up to 190 ° C, aroma content 75%)

Machine oil as in Example 2) 20 kg

Ethoxylated fatty alcohol 10 kg (adduct of C10-C18 fatty alcohol with an average of 4 moles of ethylene oxide)

Ethoxylated fatty alcohol 8 kg (10 mole adduct of fatty alcohol with 10 moles of e: ethylene oxide)

Isopropyl alcohol 2 kg

Slide out I-inr idazoline 2 kg (Alkyl group number 12-18)

Water 3 kg

100 kg

The composition thus obtained can be used for cleaning heavily greased metal surfaces.

Example 7

Petroleum (Example 6) 15 kg

Aromatic gasoline (Example 6) 40 kg Spindle oil (Example 1) 20 kg

ethoxylated; 12.5 kg (adduct of C10-C18 fatty alcohol with an average of 4 moles of ethylene oxide)

Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 12.5 kg (Adduct of C10-C18 fatty alcohol with an average of 10 moles of diethyl oxide) Denatured alcohol 7 kg

Dialkylimidazole (Alkyl group number 12-18) 2.5 kg

Water 0.5 kg

100.0 kg

The composition thus prepared is suitable for loosening and removing the dirt on the metal parts.

The cleaning effects of the compositions of the invention are artificially contaminated with steel, aluminum, gray, brass, copper

The composition of Comparative Compound A was tested on specimens as well as on contaminated engine parts and enameled surfaces. The effect of the compositions on polymers was studied on plastic parts and rubber seals. The washing liquid was applied by spraying and dipping, and by spraying on the engine parts, to the surface to be cleaned. The metal surfaces were dipped in tap water or washed with a jet of water.

To evaluate the efficacy of the formulations of the present invention, comparisons were made with known formulations.

as reference materials, U.S. Pat. Known formulations (A and B) prepared according to the examples described in U.S. Pat.

Petróleumpárlat 90 kg 300 moles of polyethylene glycol of average molecular weight with 1 mol of oleic acid 8 kg , Sorbitan monooleate 0.5 kg Triethanolamine oleic acid monoester oleate salt 0.5 kg Vfz 1.6 kg Comparative substance B Composition of 100.0 kg Petróleumpárlat 90 kg 600 molar weight of poly (ethylene glycol) ester with 1 mol of lauric acid 7 kg S zor b 1 sodium monool eate 0.5 kg Monoetanolamln oil acid monoester 0.9 kg Water 1.6 kg

100.0 kg

The results of the comparative studies are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1 Tested feature The composition of the invention 1 2 3 4 Known products 5A B Cleansing effect, * Corrosion test on metals at room temperature for 3 hours (0 98 100 96 92 93 80 90 does not cause corrosion) Effect on the auto domain (5 minutes soak) Impact on plastic and rubber components Sedimentation After storage effect- 0 0 0 0 no change is detected does not cause any changes no 0 0 is small 0 salinity reduction, * (Storage for 1 month at room temperature) 0 0 0 0 0 20 40

From the data in the table, it can be clearly seen that the compositions of the invention are more advantageous than commercially available products for similar purposes.

The tests were performed according to MSZ-09 60.039-79. We performed according to the methods prescribed in the Heavy Industry Sector Standard.

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Biphasic metal cleaner for cleaning oil-soiled machine parts and engines, characterized in that: a.) 30-60% by weight of a kerosene fraction having a density at 20 ° C of 800-0.850 g / cm ³ , an acid number of not more than 2 mg KOH / 100 ml, and a flash point of at least 40 ° C, 55 b.) 5 to 25% by weight of a motor oil having a viscosity at 50 ° C of 1535 mm ² / s up to 0.15 mg KOH / g and water-soluble acid and alkaline and / or c. ) 5 to 25% by weight * spool of 50 oil distillates having a density at 15 ° C of not more than 0.9 g / cm ³ and an acid number of not more than 0.1 mg KOH / g, d. 5-20% by weight of C2-C18 fatty alcohols 2-6 mol 55 ethylene oxide adducts, -510 e. 4 to 10% by weight of an adduct of C 10 -C 18 fatty alcohols with 8 to 14 moles of ethylene oxide, f. ) 2-7% by weight of aliphatic straight or branched chain alcohol of 1-4 carbon atoms g. ) 0.5-3% by weight of water, h. 2 to 5% by weight of an anticorrosive additive containing mono and diethanolamides of C12-C18 fatty acids or C12-18 diakyl-1-indazoline. (Priority of amendment: 14.11.1983) 2. A two-phase metal cleaner for cleaning oil-contaminated machine parts and engines, characterized in that: the. ) 30-60% by weight of a kerosene fraction having a density of 0.800-0.850 g / cm ³ at 20 ° C and an acid number of not more than 2 mg KOH / 100 ml and a flash point of at least 40 ° C, b. 15% to 40% by weight of aromatised gasoline with a density of 0,840 to 0,880 g / cm ³ at 20 ° C, an initial boiling point of 145 ° C or more, a final boiling point of not more than 190 ° C, and an aromatic content of 75X or more; with a viscosity at 50 ° C of 1535 mm ² / s acid slag not exceeding 0.15 mg KOH / g and water-soluble acid and alkaline and / or 5d) 5-25% by weight * of a spin oil distillate having a density at 15 ° C of 0.9 g / cm ³ and an acid number of 0.1 mg KOH / g at most, e. 5-20% by weight 10-18 2 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide adduct of C10 fatty alcohols, f. 4 to 10% by weight of an adduct of C10-C18 fatty alcohols with 8 to 14 moles of ethylene oxide, 15 g.) 2 to 7% by weight of aliphatic straight or branched chain alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms as the coenzyme, h) 0.5-3% by weight of water, 20 i) 2-5% by weight of an anticorrosive additive which is a mono-and di-ethanolamide of C12-C18 fatty acids; Contains C12-cyalcyl-lmidazole. (Priority: May 18, 1983)