HU189284B - Body made of fibre reinforced afterhardening material particularly concrete body as well as method for producing such concrete body - Google Patents

Abstract

Bundles of polypropylene fibres of the strongly oriented molecular chain type are embedded in a matrix of bonding material, for example, cement, water and if required, a granular material, esp. quartz sand. Elemental fibres in the bundles are fixed to each other at least in one place or at least some of the fibres are connected to a sheet. By intensive mixing the fibre bundles are uniformly mixed into the matrix.

Description

(57) EXTRAS

Body reinforced with fiber reinforced material, in particular concrete. The hydraulic binder, e.g. in a matrix containing cement, water and optionally solid particulate matter, in particular quartz sand, highly oriented molecular fiber filament polypropylene fibers are embedded in the form of beams (1). The filaments (2) forming the fiber beams (1) are secured to one another (3) at least at one location (Fig. 2), or at least part of these filaments (2) start from at least one foil plate (4). During the process, the fiber beams (1) are evenly distributed in the matrix by intense mixing of the components.

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-1189,284

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fiber reinforced solid body, in particular a concrete body, and to a method for producing such bodies. ^Λ

In the case of various cementitious materials, both concrete and mortar, it is a fundamental endeavor to eliminate high brittleness and to increase the toughness of the material, one of the means of which is to embed a reinforcing fiber in the cementitious material as a matrix. The fibers can improve tensile and flexural tensile strength and impact strength; ensuring the optimal geometry of the cracks and the apparent plasticity of the material in the fractured state. The fibers modify the theology and flow properties of the fresh material.

The elastic modulus of the fibers may be higher or lower than that of the matrix (concrete or mortar). In the former group, e.g. asbestos, glass, steel and carbon fibers; polypropylene, nylon and cellulose fibers.

Asbestos is widely and traditionally used worldwide as a reinforcing fiber in the construction industry, but the range of products made with it is very limited, and it does not provide a clear solution to the problem, since very fine and short fibers do not alter the rigidity of the matrix.

Fiberglass has been successfully used for plastic reinforcement for a long time. Fiberglass has a significantly higher modulus of elasticity compared to plastic, while their elongation at break is nearly the same. Accordingly, the tension causes the fibers and the material to be embedded to stretch together, but the tension in the glass fibers increases significantly. Thus, the fiberglass together with the plastics, reinforcing them, produce materials with excellent mechanical properties. Their disadvantages are the relatively high raw material prices and the fact that they are caused by weathering (mainly UV radiation). As a result, although modern architectural trends have been, and still are, relied upon for this kind of facade in novel and more plastic designs, fiberglass plastics have, for some time, been playing an important role in cement-reinforced cement compositions. However, in a cementitious matrix, glass fibers function differently from plastic matrices, which are fundamentally related to the extremely low tensile elongation of the matrix compared to glass fibers and to a significantly coarser microstructure than plastics, which has different embedding and loading capacities for glass fibers. and provides corrosion protection. The reinforcement of cement-bonded matrices by glass fiber was hindered by the fact that the glass fiber in the alkaline medium of the cement is relatively intensively corroded. This was the problem that the UK Pilkington Glass Factory was trying to solve by introducing alkaline resistant fiberglass. Initial successes led some other major glass manufacturers - Japanese factories - to develop similar products.

The alkali-resistant glass fibers about 5% by weight in Amashai golva of the cement matrix of concrete bodies excellent mechanical parameters reached 40-50 mm lengths, and optimally, while laboratory tests conclusively proved such a glass fiber corrosion ⁵ zióállóságát alkaline environment of the cement. However, a serious problem arose that alkali-resistant glass fiber compositions did not prove to be durable. Found to be made of alkali-resistant fiber glass cement to ¹⁰ after only one year - suffer significant in strength, after 4-5 years is exposed to weathering the tensile strength of these materials in the proportionality limit, impact resistance and the matrix low strength ^{of 15} maternity value - during normal use approached.

Experience with glass cement eventually led to the design limit stresses being set relative to the proportionality limit. This is due to the proportional limit of the cement composition thickening szálerösíté ²⁰ fesiültség-strain relationship of, and not due to simply itself that effect the mechanical characteristics of the matrix. The fiber-reinforced cement compositions because against mechanical stress ²⁵ behave completely differently from the reinforced concrete, the fibers because the spun hajlításukkor zone bridge of matrix cracks and the neutral axis is shifted towards the compression flange. The stresses in the tensile belt are approximately constant in distribution, at the level of the matrix fineness ³⁰ , while in the compressed belt, the tensile stress is several times the tensile stress. The load increases in the neutral shift clutch ³⁵ limits the pressure zone is about one-quarter of the overall thickness. The cross-sectional torque capacity increases by 2.44 times the fiber reinforcement compared to the un-reinforced cross section. The cementitious matrix (mortar) the average tensile strength of 4 MPa, fiber reinforcement as a result of the ferry ⁴⁰ zíció flexural strength 4x2,44 = 10 MPa, which also represents the proportional limit is re-calculated for the cross-section elasticity torque bírásából basis fictitious values and the composition stressstrain context. Cracks SAVAL ⁴⁵ opens, ruptures fibers bridging the voltage increases, the cross section even increases significantly nyomatékbírása, mixtures have been associated with significant deformation.

The ⁵⁰ prerequisites for a fiber composition effect are as follows:

the amount of fibers in the composition must exceed a critical volume ratio;

- optimum fiber bonding to the matrix; a ⁵⁵ 'shear stress is present on the fiber surface to prevent pulling, but the fiber grip is not rigid enough to restrict the operation of the fibers over their entire length;

- the tensile strength of the composition, i.e. at least 6 times the tensile strength of the matrix, must be ⁶⁰ times the compressive strength of the composition. As long as the fibrous composition is tested to the proportionality limit, the strength parameters and crack distribution that are considered are essentially matrix strength; fiber surface shear strength ratio; matrix: fiber to volume ratio, val-21

189 284 as the ratio of the cross-section and circumference. The strength parameters and the crack distribution up to the proportionality limit of the composition are not affected by the strength of the fibers and the modulus of elasticity of the fibers, i.e. the material properties of the fibers. Accordingly, there is no need to use very high strength and elastic glass fibers, but the necessary reinforcing effect can also be achieved by mixing polypropylene fiber, which is both insensitive to corrosion in the alkaline medium of cement and substantially cheaper than alkaline resistant fiberglass. %).

However, the use of polypropylene fibers was previously hindered not only by the static approach but also by the poor embedding of the fibers in the matrix, which is primarily due to the hydrophobic nature of the fiber material. Nowadays, the mechanical properties of polypropylene fibers can be significantly modified by extending them into the fiber production process, namely by greatly increasing the strength and modulus of elasticity. In addition, fiber embedding can be improved by using film-cut and fibrillated fibers instead of smooth-surface fibers. The specific surface area of such fibers is significantly larger than that of plain fibers and the degree of prestretching is also more favorable. The large specific surface area ensures the formation of a distributed, dense and thus slightly open crack system. If the composition contains a critical amount of fiber, a uniform level of proportionality limit for the compositions is assured.

In practice, in the case of two-dimensional and three-dimensional fiber separation compositions produced by spraying or mixing, the problem arises of the critical fiber input. Fibrillated fibers with a high specific surface area, even when relatively low (0.5-1.0% by weight) are mixed during the mixing of the composition, change the consistency to such an extent that the mixing and the incorporation and compaction of the material are difficult. A further problem is that polypropylene is known to have a paraffin-like surface, which complicates or impairs adhesion to the matrix and its good assembly. We have found that increasing the amount of filament clamping can reduce the critical filament amount because it is inversely proportional to the shear stress that prevents the filament from being pulled out. On the other hand, the effect of critical fiber fibrillated fibers on the consistency of the composition can be mitigated by reducing the problem of material incorporation and compaction.

If the highly oriented fibrous or filamentary material is mixed into the matrix in the form of short bundles or bundles that are bonded at one or both ends, the fiber bundles will be completely disintegrated during vigorous mixing and application of the matrix. allowing a degree of fiber breakdown that is optimal or close to optimal for good bonding. Thus, the critical amount of fiber can be introduced into the matrix, which provides the conditions that serve as the basis for quality building material construction (strength, watertightness, smooth surface, etc.).

Based on the above-described discoveries, the object of the present invention has been solved by the use of a concrete body which consists of incorporating into the matrix of hydraulic binder, in particular cement, water and optionally a solid particulate additive material made of plastic, preferably fibrous polypropylene. embedded fiber beams having at least one filament fixed to one another; or / and the filaments of the filaments, or a portion thereof, originate or originate from at least one continuous sheet of film. In fact, such a fiber structure generally includes transverse fibers that bind together longitudinal filaments, rather than starting from film sheet (s). In this composition, the polypropylene fiber material is optimally bonded, ensuring perfect cooperation with the matrix, because the filaments are bonded to each other on the one hand, and their resistance to stretching is increased, and on the other hand, further enhances the stability and reinforcing function of the fiber structure in the composition.

It is preferable to have plastic fibers of about 10-100 mm, preferably 20-60 mm in length, embedded in the matrix and containing from about 0.1% to about 20%, preferably from 1% to 10% by weight of the matrix, and one fiber contains about 5 to 500 pieces of filament. The best result can be achieved if a single filament is about 5-500 Denier thick.

Preferably, the filaments of the beams are secured to one another in stretches of about 0.05 to 10 mm in length, and the film sub-plates are of this length.

According to another aspect of the invention, the filament-like filaments of a filamentous, filamentous and / or mesh structure are constituted by highly oriented polypropylene filaments. Of course, the fixed fiber end polypropylene shredder may be used in combination with other known fibrous materials, in particular asbestos and alkali-resistant glass fiber shear. Preferably, the polypropylene yarns in question can be associated with wood wool, generally cellulosic fibers and other known fibrous fibrous materials known per se.

The present invention also relates to a process for producing a fiber-reinforced concrete body by mixing fiber material, hydraulic binder, in particular cement, water, and optionally solid particulate material, and allowing the mixture to solidify. The process consists in adding the fibrous component of the mixture in at least one place to the other components in the form of fiber bundles made of plastic, preferably strongly oriented molecular fiber fibrous polypropylene fibers or / and filaments comprising at least one foil sheet. In the latter case, the longitudinal filaments are usually joined by transverse filaments. A preferred embodiment of the process is characterized in that it is in beams

189,284

5-500 pieces, 5-500 Denier thickness (fineness),

Adding fiber bundles comprising 10-100 mm, preferably 20-60 mm long fibers; in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 20%, preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the matrix of hydraulic binder, in particular cement, water and optionally granular material.

Preferably, the fiber beams are e.g. forming a filament-like twisted linear element by cutting the element into pieces corresponding to the length of the beams, and melting the filaments before and / or during and / or after the cutting operation, and / or bonded and / or mechanically bonded to each other. Cutting and fusion of the filaments is performed with radiant heat and / or plasma and / or gas flame and / or high temperature resistance wire or other heated tools, or filaments are made with low viscosity hot melt adhesive and / or polymerization, polycondensation, or by mechanical bonding of the filaments by means of pressed metal sheet clamps and / or self-adhesive tapes and / or twine, thread or the like. The mechanical properties of articles made with a fixed end polypropylene splint can be further improved by making the surface of the polypropylene more hydrophilic. For this purpose, graft polymerization, which is well known in the literature and in industry, gives the best results; it is true that the price of fiber is not insignificantly increased. Different writing agents offer a more economical solution. In other words, the polypropylene fiber bundle is usually treated with a liquid prior to cutting, prior to manufacture, to form a more adherent, adherent and polar transition layer on the surface of the fiber bundles. Scraping or impregnation can also be done subsequently on the fixed end fiber yarn additive. Preferably, the cement binder-based matrix is prepared by admixing quartz sand of 0-20 mm mesh size.

If the goal is to improve thermal and acoustic insulation, the matrix is a silicate-based expanded (expanded) granulate, e.g. perlite or glass foam granules. In the case of a cementitious matrix, it may be advantageous to use concrete additives, e.g. fluidizing agents, sealants, curing agents and the like. In addition to the hydraulic binder, a plastic binder, e.g. resin can also be incorporated into the matrix.

According to a further feature of the invention, the fiber reinforced body of the post-curing material is also embedded in a fiber-woven and / or crocheted fabric or / and iron assembly. Finally, it may be advantageous for the fiber-reinforced body of the post-curing material to be pre-or post-tensioned.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawing, which includes some possible variants of fiber beams forming a component of the concrete body according to the invention. In the drawing, Figure 1 shows a beam of filaments assembled at their two ends;

Fig. 2 is a view showing a bundle of filaments bonded at one end region;

Figure 3 shows a beam with its filaments centered in the middle;

Fig. 4 is a diagram of a filament beam having its filaments extending outwardly from an intermediate film sheet;

Figure 5 shows a fiber beam having filaments at its two ends extending from or into a sheet of foil.

1-3. 1, the water, cement and, where appropriate, e.g. mixed with a matrix of sand.

The fiber beam 1 shown in Figure 1 consists of polypropylene filament fibers 2 having a thickness of 10 to 100 Denier. The fiber thickness can vary within a single beam. One beam each

It can contain 5-500 pieces of 2 filaments. The filaments 2 forming the beam 1 are fixed to each other in the region 3 at both ends, each having a length b of between 0.5 and 5 mm, depending on the length of the filaments 1 (a).

The fiber beam 1 shown in Fig. 2 differs from that of Fig. 1 in that the filaments constituting the fiber beam are fixed to each other only in the region of one of their ends at lengths 3. The filaments 2 of the fiber beam 1 shown in FIG. 3 are also connected at only one location, in their middle region, along the portion 3 of length b. The beams 1 of Figures 2 and 3 are also of length. Both the fiber length and thickness, the dimensions a and b, and the elemental fiber number of the beam, in the figures given in connection with Figure 1, apply to the beams of Figures 2 and 3. It should be emphasized that FIGS. The use of fiber beams other than those illustrated in Figs.

The fiber beams 1 according to Figs. 4 and 5 are made by a special method, a longitudinal slit of a film strip of width c (e.g. 5 mm) caused by several needles or other cutting means such that the length of the foil tape section a ), or two (b) bands (FIG. 5), if any, of lengths b are left uncleaved to leave contiguous foil plates 4 of length b and width c, and the longitudinal filaments 2 starting from the plate 4 or plates. As a result of the cleavage technology (not disclosed herein, in particular), the longitudinal filaments 2 are in some cases interconnected by transverse filaments 5. The foil sheets 4, of course, hold together the longitudinal filaments 2 in the same manner as those shown in FIGS. The anchors mentioned in connection with FIGS. Otherwise, the filament and filament parameters (length, fiber thickness, longitudinal filament, material quality, etc.) are the same as those shown in Figures 1-3. FIGS.

The invention will now be described in more detail by way of examples.

189,284

Example 1

Thin 7-15 mm thick facade cladding panels are made using the method of the invention. 70% by weight of 350 pc quality cement, 2% by weight of plasticizer, and 28% by weight of quartz sand of 0-1 mm mesh size and water are made into a matrix with a water cement ratio (v / c) of ca. 0.45. (This value is primarily needed to ensure workability.) To this matrix, 2% by weight of the cemented fiber bundles formed in Figure 1, based on the weight of the cement, is mixed with vigorous mixing so that the fiber bundles are distributed as evenly as possible within the matrix. Fibers consisting of twenty to twenty, 50 mm long, 30 Denier thick, highly oriented molecular weight propylene filaments are blended into the matrix. The mixing and distribution of the beams is performed in a rotary drum mixer. The product obtained is tough and highly impact resistant (about 50 times the impact resistance of asbestos cement board); a plate element of any shape similar to slate, e.g. can be used to cover the facade or roof of buildings.

Example 2

Larger rectangular blocks of thickness greater than 40 mmt are produced by the technology of the present invention. First, 50% by weight of 350 pc grade cement, 1% by weight of plasticizer, 49% by weight of 0-4 mm quartz sand approx. A matrix with a water-cement factor of 0.3 is prepared and mixed with 1.5% chopped polypropylene fiber based on the weight of the cement. The beamforms of Figures 4 and 5 are mixed. Fiber material with different sizes within the ranges given above (length, fiber thickness, filament number, etc.) is used. In this case, the mixing and the beam distribution are also carried out using a rotary drum mixer. The plastic raw material is filled into templates and allowed to solidify. The resulting bodies are suitable for a variety of construction tasks.

Example 3

Sound and heat insulating partition elements are made by the process of the invention having a thickness greater than 40 mm. In the first step, 50% by weight of gypsum and 50% by weight of swollen perlite granules having a particle size of 0.5 to 30 mm are added, and the dry mixture - 1.5% by weight of gypsum by weight of the fiber beam of Figure 4 and water to obtain a plastic mixture. Each fiber beam comprises 200 filaments each having a Denier fineness of 50, as well as the transverse filaments connecting the longitudinal filaments. The beams are 60 mm long; each fiber bundle has a 5x5 mm sheet. With thorough mixing, the fiber material is evenly distributed in the matrix and, when still plastic, is filled into a template and allowed to solidify.

Example 4

Hollow ceiling panels are made using the technology of the present invention, which is 6.0 m long and 18 cm thick. In the first step, 50% by weight of a cement of 350 rpc quality, 1% by weight of a fluxing agent and quartz sand of a grain size of 0/5, with the addition of a sufficient amount of water, is formed into a plastic matrix.

5 is a split polypropylene fiber beam having the same parameters as in Example 3. In addition, 5.0% asbestos fiber, based on the cement weight, is added to the matrix and the fibers are evenly distributed throughout the matrix with vigorous mixing. The plastic consistency mixture is filled into molds with inflated rubber hoses 130 mm in diameter for cavity formation. Prior to processing the plastic mixture, high-tensile wires extending in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the element are placed in the templates, based on dimensioning appropriate to the intended stresses; the wires are tensioned and secured in position. After the mixture has solidified, the ends of the wires extending beyond the element are cut off and the element is removed from the template.

Hereinafter, some possible ways of making fiber beams will be discussed.

Polypropylene - because it is a thermoplastic material that can be cut while the fiber ends are fused and cooled. This can be achieved by radiant heat, plasma jet, gas flame, high temperature resistance wire and heated tool. In order to increase efficiency and reduce cycle time, it is advisable to combine the heat effect with a mechanical effect, thus providing both a cutting effect and the retraction of the fibrous material. When cutting polypropylene flax material, make sure that the length of the splinter is 10-100 mm, preferably 20-60 mm, as required. The length of the solid fiber ends formed during the melting may conveniently vary from 0.1 to 5 minutes. The two fiber ends may be the same or differently shaped. In other words, in one extreme case, one end of the fiber may completely disintegrate while the other end may shrink along its length. Different fiber ends, for example, are advantageous when the twisted polypropylene fiber material is absent or not frozen. If total or partial retention of the twist is important (therefore, the subsequent decomposition of the fiber material may be only minor), it is advisable to fix and cut the end of the thread long.

The thread ends can also be fixed by gluing. In particular, so-called hot melt adhesives, which are low, medium, or higher weight polymers and have a relatively narrow melting range, are particularly suitable. Search 5

189,284 commercially available hot melt adhesives have a melting range of 80-160 ° C, each of which may be used with certain technological modifications for a particular purpose. Hotmelt adhesives are generally based on polyamide or polyolefin, i.e. materials with good chemical resistance. During their application, a droplet of melt adhesive having a diameter comparable to the diameter of the polypropylene fiber bundle is applied to the desired location, it flows between the elemental fibers, and when it cools, it strongly binds and glues the fiber bundle together. The glued section will be split (mechanically) into both ends of the fiber; when cutting near the section, only one end of the fiber remains fixed.

Similarly, a liquid adhesive which is initially cured by a polycondensation, polyaddition, or polymerization mechanism, and then transformed into a high molecular weight polymer, is used instead of the melt adhesive to fix the fiber end. For example, solvent-free polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyester resin-based adhesives, etc., are very useful. Of course, members of these families of adhesives are preferred, having a very short setting time (a few seconds).

Finally, the fiber ends can be mechanically fastened, i.e., by tying the fiber ends in the immediate vicinity of the cutting site with textile materials such as thread, yarn, tape, or by clamping the fiber bundles with an easily deformable metal band, or by cutting the fiber material apart.

Advantageous effects of the invention may be summarized as follows:

Although the cost of the polypropylene fiber is only about a quarter of that of the glass fiber, the incorporation of the end product into it, in particular in the form of fiber beams, provides significantly better mechanical parameters than hitherto. It is a basic advantage that the polypropylene fiber is not damaged in the alkaline medium of the cement, i.e. the concrete body according to the invention is durable, in other words, its mechanical properties are unchanged over time and are independent of environmental influences. Since the shear stress between the matrix and the fiber surface is lower than that of fiberglass in the case of polypropylene fibers, the impact work of the concrete body according to the invention is substantially greater than that of fiberglass reinforcement, so its post strength is approximately three times that of fiberglass. corrosion and deterioration of embeddedness may be further modified up to about 1:30. A further advantage is that although the polypropylene fiber compositions exhibit greater elongation and greater deformation at stresses exceeding the proportionality limit, the distributed fracture systems reduce the stress to close so that they are not perceptible to the eye.

The invention is, of course, not limited to the product examples and embodiments described above, but may be practiced in many ways within the scope of the claims. The term "body" should be understood to include not only prefabricated elements but also locally manufactured shuttering structures such as shells. As a hydraulic binder, besides cement, plaster is the most important; e.g. The strength and impact resistance of thin partition structures can be significantly increased by the invention. For the production of gypsum-based bodies, no particulate additive is necessarily required or, if a particulate additive is used, it need not be solid; excellent for eg. it is also a perlite additive which can improve the thermal and acoustic properties of the product.

Claims

Claims (18)

A fiber reinforced body, especially a concrete body, characterized in that fiber bundles (1) are made of plastic, preferably fibrous polypropylene, in a matrix containing hydraulic binder, in particular cement, water and optionally solid particulate additive. are embedded with the filaments (2) being secured to one another at least in one location, or / and the filaments (2) of the filaments (1) protrude, at least in part, from at least one film sheet (4). Fiber-reinforced body according to claim 1, characterized in that plastic fiber (2) beams (1) of about 10-100 mm, preferably 20-60 mm, are embedded in the matrix. The fiber reinforced body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains from about 0.1% to about 20%, preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the matrix, of the fiber beam (1). 4. A fiber reinforced body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each fiber beam (1) comprises about 5 to 500 pieces of filament fibers (2). 5. A fiber reinforced body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each filament (2) has a thickness of about 5-500 Denier. 6. A fiber-reinforced body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filaments (2) are secured to each other in section (s) (b) of about 0.05 to 10 mm in length. 7. A fiber-reinforced body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filament-like, fibrous or / and mesh-shaped fiber beams (1) are constituted by filaments (2) of highly oriented molecular polypropylene. 8. Fiber-reinforced body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains other fibrous and / or fibrous materials, such as asbestos and / or fiberglass, wood chips, rice straw or the like, in addition to fiber bundles (1) of polypropylene filaments (2) fixed together. 9. A method of producing a fiber reinforced body comprising mixing fibrous material, hydraulic binder, in particular cement, water, and optionally solid particulate material, and allowing the mixture to solidify, characterized in that the fibrous component of the mixture is bonded to at least one place. plastic, target-61 189,284 are added to the other components in the form of fiber beams (1) consisting of filamentous polypropylene fibers (2) having a high orientation, or / and filaments (1) comprising at least one foil sheet (4). Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that the filaments (2) contain 5 to 500 pieces of filament (2) having a thickness of 5 to 500 Denier, 10 to 100 mm, preferably 20 to 60 mm in length (a). fiber beams (1) are added to the mixture. Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the amount of fibrous matrix formed by the hydraulic binder, in particular cement, V12 and optionally granular material, is from about 0.1% to about 20%, preferably from 1% to 10%. - ¹⁵ substances are added to the mixture. 12. A 9-11. A method according to any preceding claim characterized in that the mixture of the fiber outside the plastic szálnyalábokon (1) or / and fibrous additives such as asbestos, glass ²⁰ fiber cuttings, wood, cotton, rice straw, a plastic fiber cuttings, or two or more thereof and a mixture is added. 13. A 9-12. A method according to any preceding claim characterized in that the matrix is made up of 0-20 mm ²⁵ of St. sized quartz sand by mixing. 14. A 9-12. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the matrix is a silicate ⁵ -base expanded (expanded) granulate, e.g. perlite or glass foam granules. . . 15. A 9-14. The method of any preceding claim wherein the cementitious matrixes ¹⁰ xot concrete admixtures, for example. prepared by mixing fluxes, sealants, curing agents and the like. 16. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the matrix is produced by admixing a plastic (e.g., resin) binder with the hydraulic binder. 17 A 9-16. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fiber reinforced body of the post-curing material is also embedded in a fiber-woven and / or crocheted fabric or / and iron fitting. 18. 9-17. The method of claim 1, wherein the fiber-reinforced body of the post-curing material is made pre-or post-tensioned. 2 page drawing