HU188764B - Within-the-row cultivator and spraying machine sprinkling under leaves mountable onto bridged-tractor and tasselling machines particularly for complex plant protecting works of hybrid maize production - Google Patents

Abstract

The apparatus according to the invention, mounted on a tractor or a wheeler, allows for the cultivation of crop cultivation in advanced state of the maize (up to a height of about 2 m) and, in turn, spraying under the leaf. The machine according to the invention consists of a universal tool carrier frame for attaching to a tractor or a wheel tractor or a clamping machine, which can be attached to it. Cultivator cultivator cultivator cultivator cultivators, as well as spraying units under the leaf placed thereon, can be mounted on the cultivating support structures. Properly dispersed spray nozzles for spraying under the leaf ensure that the corn row is not cultivated by the cultivator and that the corn rows are evenly overlapped. Hydraulic cylinders are used to lift the cultivator and move it from working to transport position, while also allowing the cultivator cultivator to rotate at an appropriate angle, so that the removal of the weed and soil residues on the cultivator tines does not require manual work. The pump for applying the herbicide used is preferably driven by a hydraulic motor -1-

Description

The present invention relates to bridging chlorides used in hybrid maize production and to a row-mounted cultivator and leaf sprayer mounted on a chimerizing machine.

As it is known, in the advanced state of seed production, the removal of the coat-of-arms of maize rows by slow tractors, so-called it is done with coats of arms, which run between and above the corn rows while working.

It is an object of the invention to operate the equipment subject to the invention with the use of bridle tractors and embossing machines used solely for maize addressing work outside the embossing period, thereby increasing the annual utilization of very expensive self-propelled machines.

As is known, the increased quality requirements for seed maize production require mechanical (hoeing) and chemical weed control in the advanced state of hybrid maize.

As is known, the main damage to weeds is as follows:

- causes nutrient dehydration to produce large quantities of fruit (up to 60-80% in extreme cases),

- weeds are deficient in seed fertilization and pollen cannot get to the stigma in sufficient quantities,

- weeds promote the propagation of certain insecticides and fungi,

- the needle selection is difficult on weed boards, but in particular the work of embossing, thus increasing the risk of flowering,

- Seed maturation on the weed field is slower and mechanical harvesting becomes difficult or even impossible.

Seed production farms in some parts of their territory can produce seed only in monoculture so that weed control opportunities for crop rotation do not prevail in these areas. In monoculture, resistant weeds proliferate, e.g. resistant varieties of Sorghum halepense and Amaranthus retroplexus, which are extremely difficult to control, particularly in seed maize cultures.

One of the most important technological aspects of seed corn production is the weed control. Weed control of hybrid maize seed production shall be carried out by a conscious and complementary use of mechanical and chemical methods. Known methods of weed control are the mechanical process (row cultivator hoeing) and the chemical process (chemical weed control by row spraying, leaf spraying).

In the early stages of maize development, weed control and hoeing with row-mounted cultivators mounted on tractors up to a height of about 60 cm is known. However, at a height of about 60 cm, the tractor can no longer pass over the corn rows without damaging them.

Machine tools for embossing machines are known, such as W. F. LARSON INV. Box. 1967 VERSA TRAC cramming machine manufactured by PLAINVIEW, TEXAS. However, the VERSA TRAC 5200 cultivator has the disadvantage that it can only be mounted on VERSA TRAC type coaters, it has only 4 rows as standard and it cannot do any other work except mechanical weed control. The cultivator members are lifted from the working position to the transport position by raising the suspension arms of the cultivator parallelogram, so that the cultivator tines are parallel to the ground surface even when raised. The disadvantage of this is that the hoes can only be cleaned by hand when crushing weeds, since the weeds do not fall from the horizontal hoes. Thus, the operator of the machine sometimes has to climb Ic from the otherwise high-powered machine several times in order to perform manual cleaning.

Also known are BOB K 68, BOB A 35 manufactured by S.A. BOBARD JEUNE, Rue de Réon, Beaune. machines, such as cultivators, which are only suitable for work in vineyards.

Machines for spraying maize under the row or leaf are also known, e.g. the IH 666-770 and 780 Hi-Clear Construction Sprayers, manufactured by International Harvester Company, USA; and the John Deere 600-700 and 734 Hi-Cycle Three-Wheel Sprayers, manufactured by John Deere Co., USA. The disadvantage of these machines is that they can only be used for chemical weed control. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention that weed control of hybrid maize produced in seed production, even in the advanced state of maize, between 60 cm and 200 cm in height, can be carried out.

The invention is based on the discovery that when cultivating the maize row cultivator, the so-called "row crop" in the row of corn and next to the row of corn is cultivated. mostly resistant weeds in the protective belt cannot be removed by hoeing, but only in the case of chemical weed control, the maize row gaps are sprayed, so the use of the very expensive chemical is unnecessarily increased. By combining the two modes of weed control with the apparatus of the invention, complex weed control (mechanical and chemical) can be performed in a single step.

Based on these findings, the object of the present invention has been solved as follows.

For the cultivating of maize in the advanced state, for cultivating the cultivating members of the cultivator, a universal tool carrier frame has been developed, which can be fitted with a slight modification of the attachment elements of any crawler or coater with a built-in power of at least 36 kW. Up to 2 m plant height can be done in single passes.

Mounted on the universal tool carrier frame are the cultivator brackets for holding the cultivator tines.

The support structure of the cultivating members is designed to accommodate the cultivating members of the KSMK row cultivator, which is commonly used in Hungary and mounted on a tractor. Thus, cultivating row cultivator over 60 cm plant height does not require any special cultivator.

Hydraulic cylinders are used to lift the working members from the working position to the transport position. The advantage of a single-member lifting device is that the weeds that remain on the tines are collected by the operator without manual cleaning,

188 764 hoe bodies can also perform ccmcltctcscvcl, since when the lifting mechanism is operated, the hoes are approx. They turn 60 ° in the direction of travel.

The sprayer under the leaf is positioned on the tine arms of the cultivator tines.

The right-angled spray heads on the under-leaf sprayer ensure that the part of the maize row that is not cultivated by the cultivator and the maize rows are evenly overlapped.

A row of protective screens, preferably made of soft rubber, placed above the sprayer ensures that the herbicide applied only touches the lower part of the stalk of the corn, and its design does not damage the plant in the event of misalignment.

The roller pump used to operate the sprayer is preferably driven by a hydraulic motor.

The hydraulic equipment of the row cultivator and the leaf sprayer is operated by a two-stage external gear gear pump.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show a preferred example of the apparatus and some structural details thereof.

In the drawings: - Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a row cultivator and leaf sprayer mounted on a bridge tractor (coater), - Fig. 2 is a front view of the machine according to the invention, - Fig. 3 is a front view of the machine Fig. 4 is a side view of the machine according to the invention, - Fig. 5 shows a detail of A in Fig. 4, in a side view, - Fig. 6 shows a side view of the sprayer under the mounted leaf. Figure 7 is a schematic front view, partly in section, of the leaf spraying device of Figure 6, - Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic circuit of the row cultivator and leaf spraying machine of the present invention; operation of spraying equipment .

I-4. 1 through 2, I illustrate the row cultivator and leaf sprayer of the present invention, which is used as a front-end tractor 2a, rear wheel 2b, which is referred to throughout as reference numerals 1 and 2b.

The sliding tractor and the coater used as a driving device I have a universal tool carrier frame 3 behind the front wheels 2a and transverse to the driving direction, which can be fastened to the driving device by means of the catching element 4.

Eszköz The device carrier frame 3 can be connected to the receptacle element 5 by means of the billet holder 5.

Clamps 6 are joined to the universal tool carrier frame 3 by means of clamps 6 and are made of welded-design bar-shaped truss members.

In the supporting structures 7, the cultivator actuator members 11 can be connected to the connecting rods 9 with Y-bearings 8 by means of a screw connection 10.

The double-acting hydraulic cylinder 12 is used to raise the cultivator 11 from the working position to the transport position.

Λ If a cultivator member is mounted on a tine holder 13, the nozzle holder assembly 15 of the spraying device 14 is located. Above the sprinkler pads, protective screens 16, preferably made of soft rubber, are arranged in rows.

Λ 17 plastic pcrules were conveniently located at the rear of the 1 pc.

The roller pump 18 for applying the herbicide is the hair of the hydromotor 19, whose rotational direction can be changed.

The twin-acting hydraulic working cylinder 12 and the hydraulic motor 19 are driven by a two-stage external gear gear pump 20 mounted on the bearings 21 of the bearings. The pump 20 is driven by the internal combustion power supply 22 of the switching device I via the PTO shaft 23, which is also suitable for high speed.

The dual-acting hydraulic cylinders 12 are controlled by the manual gearbox 24, while the hydraulic motor 9 is controlled by the 25 manual gearboxes

The herbicide to be applied can be controlled by the distributor 26.

1-4. 1 to 4, the operation of the apparatus according to the invention is as follows:

The operator actuates the tiller (addresscrcgcpcl) used as the driving mechanism 1 on the corn field, while by moving the lever of the manual gearbox 24, the double-acting hydraulic cylinders 12 move the cultivator members to the working position. By moving the lever of the manually adjustable router 25 in the proper direction, the hydraulic motor 19 drives the roller pump 18. By rotating the lever of the spray liquid dispenser 26, the herbicide can be applied to the corn rows via spray nozzles 27 located on the spray nozzle support units of the sprayer 14. At the end of the maize field, the operator changes the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor 19 and the roller pump 18 by moving the lever 25 of the rotor, so that the roller pump 18 is positioned on the does not drip through, does not damage the maize leaf stock.

The lateral adjustment of the cultivator cultivator members 11 according to the row spacing is possible by shifting the cultivator member 7 to the universal device carrier frame 3. Further fine-tuning is possible by laterally displacing the cultivator cultivator members 11 on the cross member of the cultivator member 9.

188,764

Fig. 5 shows a larger scale of a universal tool carrier frame 3, consisting of beams fixed to a sliding tractor or crushing machine used as a driving mechanism 1, to which the clamps 6 can be used to attach the welding part holding member 7.

In the supporting structures 7, the cultivator member 11 can be connected to the cross member 9 with Y-bearings 8 by means of a screw connection, which is raised from the working position to the transport position by the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 12.

One end of the hydraulic cylinder 12 rests on the bolt 30 through the holes 29 of the tabs used for lateral stiffening of the mounting member 7 on the sectional lugs welded to the profiled steel bracket 28 and the lever 31 through the bores 31 of the lugs leaf spraying equipment.

Fig. 5 also shows the elevated transport position of the cultivator member 11.

Referring to Figure 5, the operation of the row cultivator and leaf sprayer according to the invention is as follows:

The double-acting hydraulic cylinder 12 adjusts the cultivator actuator 11 mounted on the support member 7 and the sprayer underneath the leaf 14 mounted from the transport position to the working position.

During operation, the I! the cultivator tine member rests on the crutch 33, which tracks the soil unevenness and provides a stable tillage tine 37 and lateral tines on the lower and upper link arms 34 against the spring 36 for cultivating the cornice spacers and the lateral tines 38 spraying equipment 27 constant spray pattern of our nozzles irrespective of soil unevenness and thus even distribution of herbicide applied to the corn rows.

The working depth of the goat foot 37 and the side tines 38 can be adjusted by means of the adjusting screws 39.

The Y-bearings 8 ensure easy rotation of the cultivator 11 to the cultivator. The bearing housing 40 of the Y-bearings 8 is secured by bolts 41 to the mounting member 7.

Figure 6 shows an even larger scale of the spraying device under the leaf 14 shown in detail in Figure 5. Positioned on the tine carrier 13, the bracket 42 of the spraying device under the leaf 14 is made of a square block which is secured against displacement by the bolts 44 welded thereto.

The nozzle support 15 is connected to the sleeves 45 welded to the support 42, the displacement of which is prevented by the retaining screws 46 attached to the sleeves.

The Tee-Jet nozzle support members 47 are bolted to the nozzle support member 15 and include the side slot nozzles 48.

The protective rubber screen 16, preferably made of soft rubber, is located on the lateral 49, 50, and 51 rear iron irons welded to the support 42.

The locking of the screen 16 is provided by the studs 52.

Figure 7 is a front view, partly in section, of the sprayer apparatus of Figure 6.

At the ends of the nozzle support 15 having a suitable inclination, the nozzle support members 47 are disposed at the ends of the nozzle holder 15 attached to the sleeve 45 of the support 42. The used weeds are delivered to the nozzles 27 located in the sprinkler elements 47 via the pipeline 53.

With reference to Figures 6 and 7, the operation of the leaf-spraying equipment of the row cultivator and leaf sprayer of the present invention is as follows:

The nozzles 27 located in the sprinkler bearers 47 spray the maize rows and the adjacent row, which is not cultivated by the row cultivator, with herbicide spray. By properly configuring the nozzle carrier 15, the spray jet exiting the nozzles 27 partially sprays the corn row.

Adjustment of the nozzle support elements 47 is possible partly by adjusting the height of the nozzle holder 15 in the sleeves 45 and partly by adjusting the nozzle support members 47 laterally on the nozzle holder.

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic circuit of a row cultivator and leaf sprayer of the present invention.

The two-stage external gear gear pump 20, powered by an internal combustion power source 22 of a tractor or coater used to pump oil, draws oil from the oil reservoir 54. In each of the two hydraulic circuits, after the pumps 20, there are direct-controlled, pipe-mounted pressure limiters 55, which limit the pressure of the working fluid of the hydraulic circuit to the set value.

The double-acting hydraulic cylinders 12 are actuated by adjusting the manually adjustable router 24. Turning and stopping the hydraulic motor 19 for driving the roller pumps 18 is done with the manually adjustable router 25. The pipeline current stabilizer 56 provides a steady speed of the hydraulic motor 19.

In the common return pipe 57 of the two hydraulic circuits, the oil filter 58 is disposed, extending the life of the integrated hydraulic elements and increasing their operational safety.

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a leaf-under-sprayer equipment of the row cultivator and leaf sprayer of the present invention.

The roller pump 18 driven by the hydraulic motor 19 draws the spray liquid from the spray tanks 17 located on either side of the bridge factor 1 or the coater machine used as a driving mechanism, through a filter 60 and a stop valve 61 located in the stow line 59.

The roller pump 18 feeds the spray liquid through the pressure line 62 to the distributor 26. The pressure regulating unit 63, mounted in the distributor 26, maintains a uniform pressure of the spray, which is indicated by the pressure gauge 64.

The herbicide reaches the nozzles 27 at the set pressure.

By properly adjusting the distributor lever 26, the spray path can be blocked towards the nozzles 27 so that the spray fluid flows through the return line 65 and the mixing heads 66 into the spray tanks 17 during operation of the roller pump 18.

Excess liquid flow due to pressure set by pressure control unit 63 also passes through the return line 65 and mixing heads 66 into the spray tanks 17.

Two spray nozzles 27 per actuator flow through the distributors 67 and the pipelines 53 through the spray liquid.

As can be seen, the row cultivator and leaf sprayer can be easily mounted on agricultural tractors and coater.

Its use makes it possible to carry out complex plant care work on higher maize stands - 0.6 and 2 m in height.

However, the embodiment of the plant care machine, which is capable of simultaneously performing two operations, is simple. An advantage of the machine according to the invention is that it is mounted between the front and rear axles of slow-moving tractors and coater, so that, despite changes in direction during operation, the cultivator tines differ only slightly from their original direction.

A further advantage of the machine according to the invention is that it has high performance, high operational safety and requires minimal maintenance.

The advantage of the row cultivator cultivator is that the tines are raised by approx. They turn 60 ° upwards so that weeds and soil residues and dirt fall off without manual cleaning.

Due to the practical design of the cultivator support structure, the cultivator members of KSMK row cultivators operating in Hungary and widely used in Hungary can be mounted without modification, so that no separate cultivator cultivator members are required for operating or making the machine.

The advantage of spraying under the leaf is that it can be used to eliminate weeds in the corn rows and directly next to the rows in a single pass with row cultivator cultivation.

In particular, the weeds grown in hybrid maize production are extinct by the application of the invention, even in the advanced state of the plant, which results in better seed fertilization, sufficient pollen penetration, faster seed maturation, and increased crop yields.

The invention is, of course, not limited to the specific embodiment described above, but may be embodied in many variations within the scope of the claims.

For example, there may be a discrepancy between the type of sled tractor or coater used as the drive mechanism and thus the attachment of the universal device carrier frame to the drive device.

There may be further differences in the number of cultivator cultivators, the working width of the cutters, etc., so the crop protection machine can be advantageously used for other agricultural tasks that require a high construction hoe structure (eg nurseries, vineyards, etc.).

Other implements suitable for agricultural seed production, e.g. the production of hybrid maize without sub-area, the so-called In the case of "0 fatherly production", the fatherless cutting machine, etc., is cut at half-row intervals between every second mother row.

Claims (14)

1. Line cultivator cultivator and leaf sprayer mounted on slow tractors and coater machines for cultivating maize line spacing and spraying row corners in turn, with row cultivator plows and row cultivator tines with a row spreader in the advanced state of the plant, between 0.6 and 2 m characterized in that the universal device carrier frame (3) having a catching means (7) connected to it in a row, and a support means (7) extending between the rows, a spraying device (14) mounted on a leaf mounted on a cultivator actuator (11) adjustable to transport position by a hydraulic cylinder (12) attached thereto. An embodiment of the device according to claim 1, characterized in that the universal device carrier frame (3) is connected to the holding elements (4) by means of a releasable connection, preferably by means of clamps (5) allowing lateral adjustment. Embodiment according to claim 2, characterized in that the traction member retaining means (7) are connected to the universal device carrier frame (6) by means of a releasable connection, preferably by means of latches (6) allowing lateral adjustment. An embodiment of the device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the actuator member which can be connected to the universal device carrier frame (3) by means of clamps (6) is provided with gripping support structures (7) are equipped. An embodiment of the apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the Y-bearings (8) of the cross member (9) with bearings (40) having a releasable connection, preferably with screw connections (41), are connected to the member (7). 6. An apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the cultivator cultivator (II) for interleaving cultivator (II) can be connected in a releasable connection, preferably by screw connection (10), to the cross member (9) of the cultivating member. . 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the cultivating member is a holding bracket5 -5g 188 764 are mounted on a row of leaf-mounted spraying equipment (14) on the tines (13) of the cultivator members (II), which are mounted on a cultivating member (II) attached to a tiller. An embodiment of the apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the cultivator members (11) mounted on the cultivation members (11) mounted on the traction support (7) have a releasable connection, preferably with screw connections (43, 44) and sleeves (11). 45) is provided with a supporting structure (42). 9. An apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the nozzle support elements (47) of the cultivator actuator members (11), mounted on the cultivator support supports (7), have a nozzle support element (47) for vertical and horizontal adjustment. 15) can be connected to the sleeves (45) of the support structure (42) by means of a screw connection (46) attached thereto. An embodiment of the apparatus according to claims 10 to 9, characterized by. that the cultivator members (11) mounted on the leaf member receiving supports (7) have a protective screen (16) preferably made of soft rubber or other preferably elastic material, which can be connected to the holding member (42) by welding on the leaf (42). ), for the front (50) and rear (51) brackets. 11. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the moving of the cultivator cultivator members (11) from the working position to the transport position is advantageously carried by means of pins (30) guided through holes in the tabs (28) welded to the stiffening element (28). is performed by coupled double-acting hydraulic cylinders (12), through pins (32) guided through holes in the lugs (31) welded to the mounting members (9). 12. An embodiment of the device according to claim 11, characterized in that the working fluid necessary for actuating the hydraulic actuators of the double-acting hydraulic cylinders (12) and the drive hydromotor (19) of the spraying roller pump (18) is a two-stage external gear gear pump. ). 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the cultivating members (II) actuated by the double-acting hydraulic cylinders (12) are electrically displaced by manually adjusting the hydraulically actuated roller pump (24) while the spray pump is a roller pump. Starting, adjusting and changing the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor (19) for driving the motor (18) can be controlled by a manual adjusting router (25). 14. An embodiment of the apparatus of claim 13, characterized in that the spray pump roller pump (18) draws the spray from plastic pcrm litter troughs (17), which are preferably mounted on the rear of a sliding tractor or coater (1).