HU179771B - Mineral composition of hygroscopic and deodorative activity - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a mineral composite having absorbent and deodorizing properties for various dehumidifying and deodorizing purposes for domestic, animal and other purposes.

The Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on the Environment in Stockholm in 1972 invited 152 scientists from 58 countries to review the Earth's environmental issues. The concise, concise work by René Dubos and Barbara Ward identifies crowded and increasingly crowded cities as the most serious foci of environmental pollution and human personality distortion. The related trends for the period up to 2000 are in favor of a further increase in urbanization and consequently an increase in the adverse effects of urbanization.

The environmental impact of urbanization is at the forefront of research and reduction research in almost every country on Earth. However, the phenomena associated with the urbanization of personality disorders, including human loneliness, are specific to advanced, high-average countries. In recent years, in many cities in the US, Japan, and the Federal Republic of Germany, almost campaign-like propaganda has begun to compensate for human loneliness in the metropolitan area by domesticating livestock, based on the general but increasingly difficult relationship between humans and certain animal species. As a combined effect of the ter179771 limestone affinity for individual animals and propaganda, the livestock or families of pets, including cats and dogs, have become more and more common in the narrow housing and movement areas of large cities, the oldest domesticated animal.

However, metropolitan livestock farming, in addition to leasing animals to stable living conditions that are far from the natural environment, also raises a number of problems for the pet man. The present invention is directed to the elimination of excrement and related unpleasant odors from pet problems related to food, housing and residence in the human environment.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a mineral composite that reduces or eliminates the adverse effects and odors of hydrocarbons or their derivatives, such as gasoline, gas oil or other oils.

Due to the well-known fact in mineralogy that certain minerals adsorb molecules, groups of molecules of their pore size and pore size and are relatively inexpensive in their pore- and angstrom-sized structural micropore systems, for more complex or unique odor-producing molecules in many natural mineral termé30 allow mixing of the three · ^'1'

-1179771 excreted faeces and urine to significantly reduce or completely eliminate a wide range of volatile odor and moisture effects. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to recognize the applicability of novel minerals having absorbent and sorption properties for the above purposes.

At present, the most commonly used methods for absorbing the moisture content of urine and faeces are dry sand of a mixture of quartz, feldspar, mica and colored minerals, or a few clay minerals. Their adverse properties for use as litter or deodorizer can be summarized as follows:

(a) they have a minimum deodorizing effect

(b) they have a relatively low absorbency

c) excess moisture, eg. they rapidly become urine upon exposure to urine

(d) substances of relatively high specific gravity

Due to the unfavorable properties of sand materials, highly absorbent porous silica products are now available. They have an absorbency of 60-70%, with no desaturation, but the deodorizing effect is limited to odor agents absorbed with moisture. They do not provide sorption of volatile substances in diffuse space.

Attempts have also been made to use activated carbon, but this could not be taken into account due to its coloring and polluting properties.

There have been attempts to use the sorption properties of natural minerals, but they either contained only one mineral (clinoptilolite) and were only used to bind water vapor and gasoline to purify natural gas [see Podgot, Prerab. Gaza Gazov. Kondens. 1978, (3), 9-11. p.] or the minerals were mixed with other substances such as sodium chloride, wood vinegar, papain and activated carbon, and the preparation was prepared by a complex chemical process (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 77 59 087).

The quality requirements for pet litter may be summarized as follows:

- Do not contaminate the animal's hair or body surface. During the movement of the animal, the cleanliness of the apartment should not be endangered by the litter or infested.

- Do not contain skin irritants.

- There should be coherence between the behavior of the animal and the physical properties of the substance. The animal should not avoid, but rather be attracted to its material.

- Absorbs more than 30% water.

- The sorption of volatile matter from solution exceeds 30%.

- Sorbents of odoriferous substances not only in aqueous solution but also in gaseous state can be sorbed organically.

Not only should gas absorption be characteristic of narrow groups of molecules, but it will adsorb a wide range of volatile volatiles.

- Do not desalinate if you add more water.

The mineral composite of the present invention fully meets the above quality requirements. It is composed of natural rocks containing the following minerals, preferably granulated to a granule size of between 1.6 and 8.0 mm and heat-treated at 200 to 800 ° C to prevent dust formation and precipitation and to increase sorption properties.

rock Mineral Sorbed or surface bound molecule sorption shape rhyolite clinoptilolit NHj, NH ₄ , h ₂ o CO, CO „Cl, pore space 3.9 x 5.4 Á mordenite h ₂ s, so ₂ , n ₂ , ch ₄ mercaptans pore space 2.9 x 5.7 Á Montmoril- shoot H ₂ O surface, interlayer IIIi h ₂ o surface, interlayer diatomaceous diatom h ₂ o surface, makropó- rusos Devitrified volcanic glass h ₂ o, nh ₃ surface

The mineral composite is formed from 1 to 6, preferably three natural rocks, such that the pieces of rock to be extracted from the quarry with a jaw crusher and / or cylindrical crusher have a particle size of 1.6 to 8.0 mm, preferably 1.6 to 5.0 mm. the particles of 1.6-5.0 mm are separated by sieving. In the case of diatomaceous earth, the classified material is subjected to a heat treatment of 600-1200 ° C, preferably 800 ° C. The temperature range of the clay mineral and zeolite components is below 600 ° C. The comminuted, graded, then heat-treated components are each blended in a weight ratio of 10-80%, preferably * / ₃ : '/ ₃ :' / µl, and packaged in the desired amount in a wettable plastic or multi-layer paper bag. The resulting mineral composite is a loose, non-powdery, non-sharp granulate, light gray, pinkish, beige colored granulate. Bulk density is a function of the ratio of the components to 400-900 g / l, preferably 680-700 g / l.

Water uptake: min: 30%.

Xylene uptake: min. 30%.

Stinky fit: very intense, can be detected organoleptically.

In the mineral composite we can advantageously use the rocks in Hungary.

The rocks that make up certain areas of the Earth's crust are the result of an interaction between the processes that create them. The interactions, although chemically, mineralogically, and genetically, have given the solid phases a degree of homogeneity, but they have always given them individual characteristics. It follows that the geological formations, rocks, of each occurrence necessarily differ to a certain extent. The Hungarian rocks used in connection with the invention have the following characteristics in this respect:

- have a relatively high content of silica (70-73%);

-2179771 - the original sour volcanic glass content was particularly high (the crystalline phase in the primary material was barely more than 10%);

- the acidic volcanic glass was characterized by a relatively high initial primary water content, and thus exhibited particularly good disposition for the aluminum hydrosilicate conversion, ie the formation of zeolite-structured minerals, compared to the acidic but dry volcanic glass. (Dry sour volcanic bottles are less prone to zeoliticization.) - As a result of underwater eruptions, zeoliticization in these rocks occurred not only through cracks, veins, but extensively throughout the rock;

- due to the highly saturated chemical composition characterized by its acidic, high silica content, the formation of certain toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Cr, etc. in highly differentiated molten material. there was no opportunity for enrichment;

- due to the highly differentiated melt, there is also a small amount of dry glass lapillis and foreign rock debris.

These formations are located in the area of the Tokaj Mountains in a surface suitable for extraction. In each case, the settlement thickness is more than 100 m.

The main area of occurrence of clinoptilolithic rocks and one of the largest clinoptilolithic rhyolite tuffs in Europe is located on the border of the village of Rátka in the Tokaj Mountains. The mordenite rhyolite tuff forms decadent masses along the boundaries of Bodrogkeresztúr and Mezőzombor. Similar, but not identical, formations are absent in northern and western Europe. The nearest occurrences in Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria are, we emphasize, occurrences of similar but not identical formations.

The diatomaceous earth sediment used as an absorbent component is a formation associated with the diatom algae culture of former pond basins. The shell of virtually dead diatom algae is a relatively large porous, highly absorbent material. Its largest occurrence in Hungary is known in Erdőbénye. The diatomaceous earth applied to the mineral composite was also found here.

The advantages of this occurrence are the relatively large mass settlements and the lack or low concentration of other clay minerals.

The composite should be placed at or near the pet's location, depending on the size and breed of the animal (dog, cat), in a weight range of 800 to 1500 g to ensure absorption of water and odorous substances in urine and faeces.

The natural mineral composite can be mixed with other environmentally friendly organic pre-dried or crushed materials, such as wood fiber, poppy seed, corn stalk, etc. as an absorbent component. and / or artificially treated minerals of inorganic origin such as blast furnace slag, boiler slag, granulated, calcined diatomite, granulated and calcined kaolin, bentonite and the like.

In addition to the above formulations, the composition of the present invention may optionally be formulated into granules having a particle size of less than 20 mm, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.0 mm, by means of conventional pelleting techniques.

Except in the case of gasoline saturation, the mineral composite of the present invention can be incinerated in solid fuel furnaces or boilers, so that spilled hydrocarbons are not contaminated with waste materials in the process of natural environmental pollution.

The mineral composite used as pet litter can be stored with faeces and urine for a longer period of time and mixed with floral or garden soil in an amount of about 20% as a soil-improving mineral. When mixed with soil, the manure value of the faeces and urine and the beneficial effects of the mineral components on soil and plant development also prevail. By placing 20% of the mineral composite impregnated with slurry manure, the yield was 20% higher in the seedbed and mixed with soil. Thus, the mineral composite used for littering pet animals, unlike chemicals such as litter, is used. with sorbents using sodium chloride can be used without disturbing the balance of the natural environment without introducing chemicals into the soil.

The advantages of the mineral composite according to the invention over the known materials and compositions are thus as follows;

The mineral composite according to the invention is composed exclusively of natural mineral or environmentally friendly organic materials.

- Disposal of chemically produced and after use of mineral composite waste, eg environmentally polluting materials. contains no sodium chloride or papain.

- The preparation of the mineral composite according to the invention is an energy-saving, simple non-chemical process.

- In the production of the mineral composite, natural mineral associations, raw materials (eg subaquatic rhyolite tuff, diatomaceous earth) play a large role in nature, inexpensively and easily mined in nature.

The present invention simultaneously performs the functions of absorbency and deodorization, volatile sorption and liquid absorption.

The composition according to the invention is of a primarily animal-oriented quality and does not discolour or contaminate pet fur, e.g. with activated carbon containing sorbents.

Except in the case of gasoline saturation, the mineral composite of the present invention can be burned in solid fuel furnaces or boilers when saturated with hydrocarbons.

- The mineral composite used as pet litter can be stored with faeces and urine for a longer period of time and then mixed with flower or garden soil as a soil improver.

-3179771

Execution examples

Example 1

The following natural mineral raw materials are used to make the mineral composite:

Component A: Cemented rhyolite tuff of limestone, of subquatic origin, containing at least 30% zeolite mineral clinoptilolite and at least 10% devitrified volcanic glass.

Component B: Cemented, weakly alkaline rhyolite tuff with subgenic genesis containing at least 20% mordenite and 20% devitrified volcanic glass.

Component C: Natural diatomaceous earth with a SiO ₂ content of up to 80% and appearing as a set of diatom skeletons at 500 x magnification.

The zeolite components were individually crushed below 5.0 mm and then granulated into 1.5 to 5.0 mm granules to form granules. The granulate or fracture is subjected to a heat treatment of 100-600, preferably 200 ⁼ C. The diatomaceous earth component has a classification range of 1.6 to 8.0 mm. The temperature of the heat treatment is 650-1200 ° C, preferably 800 ° C. Ternary * / 3 * / 3: ^l homogenized / 3, the mechanical mixer (eg .: concrete mixer). The quality characteristics of the resulting composite are as follows:

Water uptake 42%

Xylene uptake 36%

Steaming volatile shooting is very intense

Bulk density 650 g / l

Components A and B of Example 1 are explained below.

Components A and B are rocks. The definition of natural rocks is not enough to know their chemical composition. The rocks are defined by geological literature in the light of the following aspects.

- chemical composition, - mineral composition, and - genesis.

Considering such aspects, in order to highlight the characteristic differences, the two rock components used are characterized by:

The mineralogical characteristics of the mineral Component "A" Component B SiO ₂ % Above 69.0 Above 69.0 CaO% Over 1.6 Over 1.6 K ₂ O% Below 4.0 Above 4.0 Na ₂ O% Below 0.8 Above 0.8 clinoptilol% Above 40.0 Below 10.0 morden% Below 10.0 Above 30.0 volcanic glass% Above 10.0 Above 20.0 accompanying clay mineral montmorillo- nit illite volcanic eruption nature Diagnosis is typical szubakvatikus szubakvatikus free cation Ca ++ K +

Thus, based on the above data, a cemented limestone subacquat rhyolite tuff is a rock characterized by a cation concentration which is poor in the aquatic environment, relatively low in alkali metal, and rich in alkaline earth metal. Components B are characterized by relatively higher alkali metal ion concentrations and, consequently, mordenite and illite mineral combinations.

The mineral association is of the sorption character and the cementation is of special importance due to the risk of fragmentation. (Water rocks are not suitable for such purposes.)

Example 2

The mineral composite is made of diatomaceous earth containing at least 70% diatomaceous earth, at least 40% clinoptilolite and 10% devitrified volcanic glass, and at least 20% mordenite and 20% devitrified volcanic rock, subaquatic rhyolite tuffs are heated at 100 ° C or dried. The dried materials are separately comminuted by separating the 2-4 mm particle fraction from the chips of each natural rock through a vibrating screen. The separated rock fractures are mixed as follows:

diatomaceous earth 70% subaquatic rhyolite tuff with clinoptilolite 15% subaquatic rhyolite tuff with mordenite 15%

After mixing, the mineral composite containing the listed minerals, calcined diatomaceous earth, clinoptilolite, mordenite and devitrified volcanic glass, and accompanying clay minerals, illite, montmorillonite, can meet the following specifications and quality parameters:

Water uptake min. 31.00% oil uptake as determined by xylene absorption min. 30.00% odor reduction, based on sensory control: very intensive volume weight: 520-560 g / 1

The mineral composite for pet litter

Spread in 2 to 5 cm layers, it eliminates the odor of the animal and the excrement of the faeces and urine and also absorbs the water content of the faeces and urine. The litter material, as an absorbent and deodorant sorbent, can be used in a variety of domestic and farmed animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, nutria, and birds or pigeons housed in cages. The resulting sorbent does not contaminate the pet's coat, does not cause skin lesions or skin diseases, and prevents the growth of any parasites.

Example 3

To test the oil-absorbing and deodorizing effect of the mineral composite prepared and formulated according to the previous embodiment, automotive gasoline, motor oil or gas oil are added to laboratory beakers. To do this, sprinkle enough of the mineral composite to be examined to absorb the gasoline and / or gas contained in the glass over a period of 2 minutes. the oils. Meg-4179771 is used to measure the amount of mineral composite used, and the amount of bound petrol, motor oil, or gas oil is converted to 100 grams of the mineral composite. The percentages of absorbed fluids are as follows:

E 86 petrol: 64.5%

MDC 60 Engine Oil: 67.8% Diesel Oil: 71.4%

In comparison, the dry sand binder used for similar purposes is as follows:

E 86 car gasoline 15.7%

MDC 60 Engine Oil 22.6% Diesel Oil 16.6%

The mineral composite weighs 660.9 g / l. The pore volume is 1718 ml / kg. Methylene blue binder: 1 g of mineral composite binds 1.6 ml of a 0.0015% methylene blue solution. Deodorizing effect: the mineral composite completely eliminates the smell of gas oil on the contaminated surface or in the container, partially eliminates the smell of motor gasoline in a sensory sense.

Example 4

Of diatomaceous earth, containing at least 40% clinoptilolite and at least 20% mordenite and at least 20-20% devitrified rock glass and at least 10% clay minerals (illite, montmorillonite), drying each rock at 100 ° C and then grinding the diatomaceous earth component After calcining at 800 ° C, a mineral composite is prepared which meets the following requirements:

Physical properties: light gray, fine-grained, graded, loose, dry mineral granules.

particle size distribution:

Above 2.0 mm: max. 5.0%

2.0-0.3mm: 80.0%

Below 0.315mm: 20.0%

Spraying a drip pan with a 1-2 cm thick oil pan will not only eliminate oil contamination but also reduce unpleasant odors.

In workshops and assembly halls for de-oiling of floors, de-steaming of airspace and oil vapor, _e . 200 m to 800 g of such mineral composite per m ² of contaminated surface can be applied as a spray.

Example 5

Application of organic chips

Subaquatic genesis rhyolite tuff containing at least 40% clinoptilolite and at least 10% calcareous cemented devitrified volcanic glass is dried at a temperature of at least 100 to 600 ° C to a maximum water content of 12%. The rhyolite tuff is passed through a crushing system consisting of a series of jaw crushers, roll crushers and / or hammer crushers, and the particle size of 1.0-5.0 mm is removed by means of a vibrator. 40% by weight of the resulting granulate is used to make a composite having 60% by weight of alkaloid-free or depleted poppy seed fracture. The poppy seed fracture is prepared by drying the crumb obtained after decalcification of the alkaloid and then crushing it to a grain size of less than 4 mm. In the composite, the absorbent effect is provided by the poppy seed fracture, while the deodorizing and air drying effect is provided by the mineral composite. The poppy seed can also be replaced by dried corn stalk. The advantage of the composite is that it allows the sale of agricultural waste not used for other purposes or to a lesser extent.

Example 6

Application of blast furnace slag

30% by weight of the granulate made from the rhyolite tuff of the previous example is blended with a granulate made from blast furnace slag with a ratio of 30:70 of the two components in favor of the blast furnace slag.

A variant of blast furnace slag for the deodorizing mineral composite is prepared as follows:

The dry, cooled blast furnace slag is passed through a jaw-breaking, roll-breaking production line, and the 1-5 mm grain fraction is separated on a vibrator. This particle fraction is characterized by the following parameters:

water uptake: 23ml / 100g xylene uptake: 24ml / 100g volume weight: 690g / 1

70% by weight of blast furnace slag of this type is mixed with the granules obtained from rhyolite tuff to provide a deodorant, absorbent, non-wettable mineral composite.

The advantage of this process is that it allows the sale of industrial waste that has been recovered to a lesser extent for other purposes.

Patent claims

Claims (3)

Patent claims An absorbent and deodorizing natural mineral composite for moisture and deodorizing and animal husbandry purposes, characterized in that it is used as a natural rock constituent in a mixture of 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 1 to 99% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight, per component. crushed and graded to grain fractions of between 0.1 and 10.0 mm, preferably between 1.6 and 5.0 mm, preferably heat treated at 100 to 1200 ° C, preferably 200 to 800 ° C, preferably consisting of 5 to 80% by weight, preferably 40% by weight of clinoptilolite and / or 5 to 70% by weight, preferably 30 to 30% by weight of mordenite or 10 to 90% by weight of diatomaceous skeletons and 1 to 60% by weight of these mineral components. devitrified volcanic glass and / or the same amount of clay minerals, el preferably include illite, montmorillonite and / or a kaolin. (Priority: December 20, 1979) 2. Natural absorbent and deodorant -5179771 Mineral Composite for Moisture & Odor Removal and Animal Husbandry, characterized in that, as natural rock constituents, 2 to 6% by weight, 1 to 99% by weight, - preferably 10 to 10 parts per component 50% by weight - crushed and graded to a particle fraction of 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm and crushed and graded between 0.1 and 10.0 mm, preferably between 1 and 6 and 5.0 mm, and 100-1200 ° C. comprising at least 200-80% by weight of the component, and / or 5-70% by weight, preferably 30-60% by weight of mordenite, or 10-90% by weight, preferably 10-90% by weight, 70% by weight of diatomaceous skeletons and, in addition to these mineral components, 1 to 60% by weight, preferably 15% by weight, of devitized volcanic glass and / or the same amount of clay minerals, preferably illite, montmorillonite and / or kaolin and / or fiber, poppy seed, maize stalk and / or artificially processed minerals of inorganic origin, preferably mints They include potash, boiler slag, granulated and calcined diatomaceous earth, granulated and calcined kaolin and bentonite. (Priority: January 9, 1980) Embodiment of the mineral composite according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains natural zeolite and diatomaceous earth, as well as devitrified volcanic glass and / or clay mineral constituents. (Priority: December 20, 1979) Responsible for publishing: Director of the Economic and Legal Publishing House 84,592,66-4 Alföldi Nyomda »Debrecen - Chief Executive Officer: István Benkő Director