HU176641B - Set consisting of two or more information carrier sheets - Google Patents

Abstract

1500137 Card carrying data J M M P BLANIE 11 Dec 1974 [11 Dec 1973 8 Jan 1974 31 May 1974 30 Sept 1974] 53603/74 Heading G4M Data cards carry a matrix of address locations, the same for each card, at which data markings can be applied. The cards are transparent or semitransparent and each marking is one or more selected from a plurality of different markings so that each location is capable of a plurality of distinguishable marks. The marks may be stubs 1-8 arranged at different angles to each other or may be differently coloured marks. Each card may relate to a drug and the marks relate to constituents of the drugs and to interactions between the drugs. Undesired interactions are detected by superimposing a plurality of cards.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention: A set of two or multidimensional information carrier disks, formed of transparent material superimposable data carriers or signal storage disks, for determining the nature of relationships between characteristic data of individual unit groups by comparing common characteristics of data or data sets. suitable. The set of carrier sheets according to the invention is characterized in that the data is represented by further distinguished signals, preferably simple geometric figures and / or colors, grouped in at least one-dimensional order at the intersections of the two-dimensional coordinate system. It is also a feature of the kit of the invention that all addresses entered in the signal store assigned to each individual unit or group of units are also written to the addresses of the other units or group of units in which one or more distinguishing features 20 which refers to the same nature of the relationship between a given unit or group of units and is at the same time written in each token that contains the same characteristics of the 25 tokens assigned to the other units or other unit groups in the set ^ The data is written in each token it also has distinctive features that correspond to the address of the unit or group of units assigned to it. For the other addresses, on the one hand, there are distinguishing addresses which refer to the nature of the relationship between each unit or group of units, and on the other hand corresponds to the relationship between other units or groups of units, which are also referred to as code numbers. characteristics that refer to material or material relationships, which are denoted by code symbols.

By means of the apparatus according to the invention, data and characteristics of different relationships can be entered into a three-dimensional system by means of a two-dimensional address system, whether physically or not, in storage, and a code or code-compliant system.

In the remainder of the description, for the sake of clarity and simplicity, the storage device will be considered as flat (punch card, film, magnetic tape, reel, etc.). For a two-dimensional storage device, the address system is represented in a Cartesian coordinate system.

One of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention, will appreciate that other polar coordinate systems, such as the polar coordinate system, may be used in the context of the invention and that the subject matter typed may be represented numerically. Its levels serve to simplify the use of a dimensional code system in the first examples, such as de Monge's geometry. It clearly follows that it is not difficult for one skilled in the art to employ multiple dimensions and, of course, to have a code system which allows the use of a multidimensional code system for which the following examples can be given.

For example, a signal store may have a sequence of signals having different shapes depending on the first set of dimensional codes and a further set of dimensional codes and different colors.

In the remainder of this specification, an "element" is a subunit formed by a unit or group of units stored in each signal store. By "item" is meant the data that represents the specific features of the item and can be stored in the container: for example, the components of the item, such as the numbering of units per group or family.

"Relationships or Relationship Characteristics" refers to data that represents the characteristics or relationships between elements that correspond to a token or the characteristics of other elements in a set of tokens (such as comparability, non-comparability, positive or negative interference between individual elements or units that make up elements).

It is well known in the state of the art that data on elements and their characteristics can be written to any appropriate type of container. Analyzer comparisons between repositories provide information on whether the different characteristics are suitable for determining the relationships between different elements. An example of this is that we can search for - or even avoid - possible interactions, compatibility, incompatibilities, collisions (positive and negative)

- or any other relationship between the elements or the units making up the elements.

Based on a simple example, suppose we construct a device in which a fluid is flowing. This requires that the various components "needle" each other to form a homogeneous fluid. The designer will therefore look for measurable features that ensure the compatibility of the various components that make up the liquid, while at the same time trying to eliminate the incompatible properties of the fluid components.

The solution to this endeavor is often only the cost of lengthy and difficult operations, which requires manual and costly work, especially when it comes to automatic equipment. On the other hand, constant attention must be paid to the fact that the storage is usually two-dimensional, so it does not allow for three or more dimensions to be written. Even the most perfect systems with punched card storage systems work with two-dimensional address book storage, of course, with a given perforation system on the same punch card, which only allows a relatively limited combination of holes, but also has a limited capacity to store all kinds of data on the same punch card. The designers of high-capacity electronic computers are thus seeking to design storage devices that can store a significant amount of addresses, usually using magnetic signal storage. However, the operation of such a system requires very expensive machine equipment. In many areas, however, it is imperative that thousands of tens of thousands of data be stored in the same repository. Of course, this number range exceeds the capacity of classic storage devices, but the bigger problem is when the user wants to work with a code system that ranges from ten to one hundred or maybe only two to ten, because in this case the user needs is not commensurate with the time and cost of operation.

In this case, the only but absolutely necessary requirement is that the user has to read and compare a large amount of storage data, which in turn has a lot of potential for error.

There are commercially available storage flat-panel systems that contain a significant amount of address data, such as punched card systems, that allow the selection of punched cards having the same characteristics of title elements among the addresses entered from a given punch card package. For example, such punch cards have a rectangular slot formed at a specific location that distinguishes that punch card from other punched cards with round holes in the same position.

Optical systems are also known which can be used to classify photographed films or to arrange them according to certain aspects through a rectangular, opaque or translucent screen. However, with such a system, only two information per address can be obtained (O or 1, Yes or No, illuminated signal or masked signal, etc.). Inevitably, manual intervention is required to expand the card's information content capacity. it takes time to save time and attention.

In the systems described above, which represent the current state of the art, repositories are only capable of systematizing two-dimensional data.

The system of the present invention allows, as noted above, to work with two-dimensionally organized repositories using at least one-dimensional codes. It allows you to recognize the common characteristics of stored data and, in addition, to provide information about the relationship between the characteristics of different elements in a set. As mentioned above, for the sake of simplicity, in the first examples, we operate with rectangular rectangular signal stores, in which the addresses are entered in the correct Cartesian coordinate system (Cartesian system), while the codes are one dimensional according to the height of the de have a horizontal reference plane.

In the vast majority of cases, the known two-dimensional containers cannot be compared with the system of conforming containers according to the present invention, so it is necessary to distinguish and compare the same code symbols for the same address with other code symbols for the same address. The following description, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, discloses applications where the use of a signal storage system according to the present invention is highly advantageous. It is about researching the problems of positive or negative interference in the field of medicine.

For example, if you are writing a prescription for a patient with a doctor, it is necessary that the different drugs, especially the ingredients of the medicines, are compatible with each other, and it is especially important that the patient endure the side effects of the different drugs. given climatic conditions or other circumstances related to the patient's environment.

At present, there is no practical way to provide a physician with reliable guidance on the interference of various effects that can accurately and quickly determine the interactions of the drugs and their constituents to be used without resorting to any complicated and expensive medical device.

The essence of the invention can therefore be summarized by recording the specific characteristics of each drug (especially the specific properties of the active ingredients) or the common characteristics of particular families of drugs, while at the same time determining the interference of their positive or negative specific effects.

Thus, in particular, the characteristics suggestive of the contradictory effects of the active ingredients or their constituents must be recorded in an easily readable or analysable manner on the label, including the nutritional characteristics and other conditions of use, as discussed above. To this end, for example, a geographical location-based signaling system may be used for address entry, such as the classic Cartesian coordinate system, as mentioned above. It is therefore a matter of writing each address to the tag in accordance with the other elements in such a way that they can be compared, and in any case the corresponding address must be marked according to a typing which corresponds to the nature of the tag and the method employed. however, this signal is located at the location of the signal to which the feature of the element being compared refers to its position on the signal store.

Marking points may optionally be grouped according to the geographical designation to correspond to a family of elements, for example, so as to be easy to find, and a conflict between, for example, antibiotics and the characteristics of a food product family. All you have to do is select from the storage package that corresponds to the set of elements 10, the signal storages corresponding to these elements that you want to compare. Of course, this comparison must be performed in a fully adequate manner, as will be described below, by selecting the entered address characteristics of the elements corresponding to the different selected containers while at the same time determining the characteristics of the conditions of use together with those of the conditions of other applications. which are also written to the storage, but not fixed to the special storage. For example, if the system is to be used to provide a particular medicament A, B, C, and D to a patient, then, for example, the storage set should be selected from, e.g., A, B, C, D, and containers organized by their active ingredient from the family to which they belong. After selecting the addresses corresponding to the elements on each storage sheet (those for substances A, B, C, D or their constituents or active ingredients), these are compared with the interfering addresses, which are marked at the same position in other containers 35, it is possible to detect possible interactions between individual drugs, but of course I can also identify interfering signals in other storage sites, which provide a basis for comparison with the patient's characteristics. Such data include, for example, the diabetic patient, the female gender, the patient's age, the patient's weight, etc., or the vital nutritional status of the patient (e.g., the patient is an alcoholic) (e.g., unfit for manual labor). , or, for example, driving a vehicle), the patient's climatic conditions (e.g., the patient lives in a tropical country), or other, completely different characteristics (such as the usual time of taking the drug, etc.).

With respect to the nature of a given signal, it is necessary to apply to each address signals of a different nature that are associated with a code 5, each code representing, for example, some kind of interference. The signal may vary according to the signal stores. Of course, it is obvious that the signals need to be distinguished by their nature, but for this to apply some geometry, but they can be represented by physical signs, digital notations, they can be analog signals, or it may be possible to define the code and connected to its nature (magnetic, op; tic, electric, or other nature).

1 / 0b41

To better understand the features of the present invention and to highlight the advantages of the invention, by way of example! Embodiments are described below, but it is to be understood that they should not be limiting in their mode of application and implementation. The drawings enclosed with this description are also intended to provide a better understanding. In the drawings it is

1-4. 9-12. Figures 4 to 5 show coded signals 10 according to the present invention

Figure 5 shows two signal storage embodiments of the present invention, a

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment in which codes are represented by symbols, FIG

Figures 7 and 8, however, show a further embodiment of containers having the characteristics of a drug selected from a specific area.

Example 1

In a Cartesian coordinate system, a rectangular grid is drawn on rectangular sheets of rectangular shape (which may be up to 25 flexible), where the intersections of the lines can indicate an address. A tab and a title can be selected to meet all the features, in such a way that the other marks on the feature on that sheet represent a collision with the signs referring to the other titles, which may be some other specific feature associated with that effect, or there may be some relation to the mode of administration, as explained in more detail above in the explanation of the nature of addressing.

Opposite or translucent or possibly colored markings in the form of 40 can be applied to the cardboard sheet to be represented by code marks.

Figure 1 is an enlarged view of such a sequence. For example, the symbol 1 denotes an address that refers to the characteristics of the signal storage page itself. The examples of the signal 45 will correspond to the signal code 1, the signal code 2 and so on.

Experience has taught that it is very easy to distinguish up to a dozen of these 2, 3 or 4 signals 50 by assembling them from annular portions and, for example, placing them on the shape of the signal 1, because the cam 8 is circumferentially part. If the positions of the cam 12 are 30 ° apart, such as the numbers 55 on the dial of the clock, this position can easily be distinguished, for example by the number of rings 5 and 2, 3, 7 shown in FIG. , Cams 8 are placed which correspond to easily identifiable codes, for example eo - as already mentioned in connection with Figure 1, the cam 2 corresponds to the code of the signal 1 (this is the position of the 12 on the clock face) the signal code 2, the cam 7 the signal code 4, the cam 8 the signal code 9. 65

After selecting the cards in the doctor's collection that store, for example, four attributes that you want to prescribe, the four addresses corresponding to the four attributes appear as the 1 sign is surrounded by rings with one or more cams , this will be all the more striking if the cams, for example, are colored because they are more identifiable. With about twelve cam positions and eight to nine different colors, the number of codes that can be written and displayed in the same title can be significantly increased.

By analogy with the preparation of pages that refer to the subject according to different criteria (such as male, female 20-30, pregnant mother _; allergic female, hot-man, etc.), they can be identified according to individual characteristics. interferences of special properties.

Readability can be facilitated by providing a frame into which the various signal storage cards can be inserted, keeping in mind that the grid patterns are exactly overlapping and the card bundle is illuminated with Wood light, since the signals are applied to the same material quality media.

In this example we used the Cartesian coordinate system, but it is obvious that other coordinate systems can be used. The marks may also be used in a form different from that shown, with or without color.

Example 2

You can also use an opal colored plastic card with perforations 12, 13 or 14, no sharp cam, or, on the contrary, an inward facing cam 6. The perforations have exactly the same diameter.

When the translucent plastic cards are stacked on top of each other - with respect to the desired features - and viewed in the light, the addressing corresponding to the particular criteria is provided by an internal perforation having cams 17, 18 and 19, 20. As in Example 1, the application conditions or patient-specific criteria can also be stored by address.

Example 3

Fig. 5 schematically shows two rectangular cards A and B, preferably of transparent material and of medium degree of rigidity, which means that they are flexible, but they are dimensionally stable, even if they are accidentally or intentionally folded. Card A corresponds to one element A, Card B corresponds to one element B. Each card can be arranged according to the pattern of a square grid that overlaps the surface of each card, but the drawing is only sketched with dots. The size of the squares of the cards and the grid is chosen such that the A card can be placed exactly on the B card, at which time the cards and the grid coincide.

Optionally, it is sufficient that the square meshes are only so congruent with each other that their position is secured by appropriate signals, which may include, inter alia, applied signals or corresponding perforations. This is especially useful if the corners and edges of the cards wear out after prolonged use. In the same way as in the case of punching cards used in electronic calculators, one of the corners of the cards may be cut obliquely, so that the cards are precisely overlapped in the retaining frame to search for comparative data, while the other corners can be rounded off against wear.

Assuming that the cards representing the elements A and B are used to study interferences in the medical field, the cards are thus divided into the analogy of the geographical designation, the fields marked with letters C, P and R, which are represented by dotted lines. The points on the grid, as well as the mixed lines that define each field, are either shown on the card or not.

The intersections of the lines of a grid denote an information address, while the C, P, R fields are the same on each card and therefore refer to the same address. Field C is reserved for the constituents of elements A, B, i.e., units or groups of units that make up the element.

For example, if Element A or Element B are medicaments, the various units may be the major constituents thereof or the active ingredient carriers. However, if cards are used where the elements A and B are not carriers of specific characteristics, but these letters represent only the constituents, then the units may correspond to various functions of the active substances, such as the molecular properties of the active substances.

For the purpose of understanding the description below, suppose that the letters A and B denote pharmaceutical specialties, and that each address entered in the container corresponds to a particular pharmaceutical ingredient, that is, A, a, ', , b '.

Thus, symbols or code symbols are applied to the A and B cards according to the selected addresses a, ', a' to indicate that each address of the A card has an attribute or data indicative of a specific attribute of the A element.

In this case, we chose to enter the ingredients, but it is also possible to update the dosage or pharmaceutical form data in a special field.

For simplicity, the figure not only contains the encoded symbol, but also carries references for the a, a ', a' of the selected titles. Moreover, the card B also includes the symbols b, b ', which denote the constituents which indicate the active ingredients of the element B.

In addition to the titles referring to specific characteristics in Card A, all other Titles in field C may correspond to all other active substances in the fish, while the characteristics are replaced by references to A and B. There is also a need to have a certain number of free addresses available, which are reserved to denote novelties to meet market needs. It is also interesting, for the sake of satisfying or possibly identifying aspects of convenience, to regroup the characteristics referring to the same family of drugs within the so-called subzones within the C field, grouping together, for example, antibiotics, ace5 tilsalicylic derivatives thereof, etc.

Similarly, for other addresses in field C on card A, which refer to a drug other than a, a ', a', additional symbols may be entered between which r _b , r _b 'refer to relative: 0 and at the same time A can be classified between the elements of element B and element B, respectively.

In fact, the B card will also have sign families or symbols in which _the signs r _a , r _a 'r _a ' refer to relationship characteristics - and: 5 correspond to the creators of both B and to A as well as the units that make up these elements.

These relationship characteristics may correspond to any type of collision property, and in particular the incompatibility or conflicting interactions of the 0 components.

Obviously, if there is a relationship between A and B on Card A, it must be found at least once on Card B. For example, if r _b designates a chemical interaction of the card, which exists between an active agent and a b active agent, the card B r to find _a signal, or symbol, corresponding to r _b symbols, 0 or signal.

The symbol r _{b appears} on card A written in the same address as on card B, while _the symbol r _a occurs on card B at the same address as the symbol on card A. The code marks or symbols entered in the various addresses may be similar to those already exemplified above.

Thus, a packet card can be used to display a table of addresses (on the one hand) and codes), for example, code 0 corresponds to a first symbol or a first code symbol, which for simplicity is also called 0, which may mean characteristic or some relationship characteristic not found. In this example, this is the case when none of the elements of element A is related to element b '. This circumstance is translated in the r _b signal of the card A by an O sign or symbol, which in the reverse sense also means that there is no sign entry for the corresponding address. The code 1, which corresponds to the symbol or symbol 1, can also be identified by a characteristic that is found in a, or ', or' on card A. The same applies to card B, b, b'. The other 2, 3, 4 ... etc. Codes can be identified by different relationship characteristics, so it is obvious that if we want to exclude the possibility of mistakes, they must be highlighted on the cards, for example in the header where the item name and other possible item names and component units are indicated. , that is, in the present example, the name of the element or the name of the special species and the various chemical or commercial names refer to each specific active ingredient.

The P field can be reserved for entering addresses referring to different characteristics of the patient (age, sex, height, species, inheritance, disease, etc.). Cards may also be used which include in the P field addresses corresponding to the patient's personality characteristics, which are used to indicate conflicts with other specific criteria in the C field, or other features that may be known by this term. Type A cards, that is to say, those on which special characteristics are written, may enter in the P field the characteristics of the relationship, for example, which indicate what kind of food a particular medicine is compatible with - regardless of the age of the patient - or that another type of medicine should not be given to diabetic or pregnant mothers, etc. All this can be translated by the r _p , r _p 'r _p ' symbols into the card language.

As far as the R field is concerned, this may be maintained for the purpose of recording nutrition-related data or data regarding the patient's lifestyle. Just as in field P, it is possible to indicate in field R the climatic conditions in which the patient lives, whether in a city or village, and whether he performs mental or physical work. The R field of Type A or B cards can record life-threatening opportunities, such as how an active ingredient affects an alcoholic, which is represented by the signs or symbols r _r , r _r 'that indicate the relationship.

It is interesting to note that after stacking or comparing cards containing the prescribed characteristics of the specific characteristics of A or B drugs, or P, R cards that contain patient and lifestyle data, for special attributes referring to the creators corresponding to the features of the selected elements, the characteristics of the relationship between the elements are also found on each of the other cards so selected for the same titles of the same elements. Otherwise, it is also possible to look for symbols or code symbols for the same title that correspond to different codes for the same title, which either amplifies or weakens the evaluation of the user or even discourages the use of the particular drug or agent. As a result, the same can be said if there are multiple prescribers or suggested specialists and even after multiple revisions, the same active ingredient cannot be found - which can be determined by placing multiple signs or symbols indicating the desired feature or data. over the same address.

And, as we said in the beginning of this example, if £ cards are transparent, they are easy to stack, easy to overlap, and find signs that correspond to the symbols placed on top of each other.

Example 4

It is also possible to create a card system such as the one already mentioned in Example 3, supplemented. by arranging the package of storage cards in such a way as to refer to the characteristics of the particular drug or group of drugs, while the titles entered contain distinctive features. This makes it very easy and quick to find specific characteristics or groups of specific characteristics within a given type of drug, whether it is about avoiding duplication or looking for additional side effects such as synergistic effects, but then it is also very useful if you just want to compile documentation on the topic. Even the dosage, drug composition, and even affinity with other drug families and other relationship characteristics can be recorded using the coded symbols.

Example 5

In accordance with the conditions known in Example 3, it is pointed out that, in terms of system architecture, it is possible to operate by color discrimination of the characters to be entered. For example, if the card is large enough to sacrifice a portion of its surface for what is described below, then signs or symbols described in more detail may be used. However, if the dimensions and surface of the card provide only a certain space for each address, which is otherwise difficult for the human eye to distinguish between details, then we need to look at separate, magnified signal elements that are on another or the same field, which is always left free in all circumstances, such as the margin.

Figure 6 shows a symbol of this type that can be used to enter each address, or to enlarge the symbol to make it more readable. The figure in Figure 6 itself is magnified for a better understanding. This signal is substantially rectangular in shape and is divided into two small rectangles by two perpendicular lines. It is natural that this symbol can be displayed in any other form, cut off by any other dividing lines, the essence of which is to be readable and recognizable to the human eye.

Starting from the shape of the figure, the number field of a figure may be four (in our case four), if the number of codes is multiplied by four or, more generally, by s.

For example, in this case, to monitor the interaction of the physical properties of the pharmaceutical compositions, Field 21 is used to record the interaction between physical properties, Field 22 is for the interaction of positive pharmacological properties, Field 23 is for the chemical interaction, and Field 24 is for negative pharmacological effects. let's use it.

In the previous sentence, and in several cases above, we have used the term "interaction" or "interaction". It occurs most frequently, but it can also be labeled with any other indication, such as incompatibility of individual drugs, conflict of their effects, etc. The fields 21-24 may also be colored depending on the function of the selected codes. Otherwise, not only can you change the color hue of your choice, the intensity of the color, which corresponds to the transparency of the color symbol if the signal storage card itself is transparent. This transparency of the color symbol can also be achieved by reducing the intensity of the dye or the thickness of the color layer, or by constructing an image formed with very fine lines and more or less separable spacing.

Each element of a drawing (for example, a particular line) that has a specific color can correspond to a particular component, which, knowing the field in which it is located, allows us to read any 'interaction' between the component or component. Through these different systems, by increasing the number of tag cards, one can increase the intensity while reducing the transparency of the card set by applying the same but lighter coloration, which in practice may refer to different characteristics of the same constituent and even more specifically to the same active ingredient. but it can also be read that the drug in question corresponds to the prescribed and prescribed medication in an amount corresponding to the total pharmacy dosage. For example, as depicted in Figure 6, the symbolic symbols are depicted with more or less closed lines in each field, with different directions in each field, and it is clear that we can first read them more clearly, and the fields 21-24 we can distinguish it, but it does provide annotation-type information on the margins of the signal card, all we have to do is to use arrows pointing in different directions, which correspond to different kinds of interactions.

The system of notched fields is also good - once the memory cards have been superimposed, one can deduce from the misalignment of lines of the same color, which otherwise refer to the analog symbols and active components, or their equivalents, the degree of difference between the lines of superimposed cards. and if we assign a code mark to the base colors and examine the composite colors superimposed, we get the same ⁵ results.

Example 6 ¹⁰ This example describes a specific exemplary embodiment which is adapted to provide for distinguishing a specific pharmaceutical composition characteristics in a particular market, such as the French market in order to train ¹⁵ test instruments to, of course, merely exemplary illustration. For this example, semi-rigid, preferably transparent, rectangular signal storage cards were selected. Each of these corresponds to a specific characteristic in the broad sense of the word. Each card may refer to multiple uses, multiple dosages, or multiple drug formulations.

Each card contains 25 indications for the medicine in question and the name of the company that makes the medicine. Otherwise, the active ingredients are listed in the same way, or, more generally, all the ingredients that may cause secondary effects or other interactions are listed.

A card is a rectangular rectangle with a length of 100 mm, a width of 80 mm and a Cartesian coordinate.

The card may contain the following information:

1. Active substances which denote the special characteristics of the medicinal product by its several and possibly secondary pharmacological classes,

2. Interaction of active substances and their characteristics in relation to other active substances,

3. The influence of the active substances on certain foodstuffs, beverages and substances absorbed by the respiratory tract, other environmental effects (sunlight, climate, geographical altitude, etc.),

4. Data suggesting possible modifications to the data described in the first three paragraphs, in the context of routine clinical trials (essentially biological tests), distinguishing effects due to possible falsification of the data.

5. Rare or frequently occurring undesirable effects

6. Contraindications and precautions for use taking into account the individuality and physical condition of the patient: age, gender, pathological condition, route of administration.

The special drug data capture card is made of transparent material with the same pre-printed sticker 60.

In the same processing, by placing two or more matching cards on top of each other, the information set can be read directly in full text, but the possible interactions and their most common phenomena can be read out:

The sticker looks like this:

- 40 usable columns - 07 free columns for daily use - 03 columns that indicate the light belonging to any secondary drug class.

Each pharmacological class has a number of lines, depending on the number of active ingredients in the class, for example, X. This number is therefore equivalent to 40 osriopodulatory modules.

The active ingredients occupy the first seventy-five rows on the card. The remaining three columns are used to record the specificity of the active ingredient (s) of a specialty to a secondary pharmacological class. In the cards for special medicines, the main active ingredients are indicated by a small circle (code mark). The circles may be of different colors if there are several active ingredients in the particular medicine. Once an active ingredient appears in one (or more) subclass - (secondary class), one third of the circle is colored with the same color along the line or lines in which that class or classes are located and in one of the three columns reserved for this purpose.

B - interferences between active agents (lines 1-75). Each interference with a given active ingredient is recorded on the card with a variable ratio code signal, consistent with the meaning of the interference in question. For example:

Drug Associations to Avoid Boosting the Effect of the Drug Reducing the Effect Other types of interference

C - Interferences with nutrition, fluid intake and environmental effects (lines 76-77-78). There were three lines on the sticker to indicate this. A food or environmental effect is designated by the same reference code for a given active substance, which is also the same code for other interferences.

D - Routine clinical trials (lines 79-80-81). Essentially, these are routine clinical trials that are part of a given physician-biological nomenclature study to which certain practical studies may be linked, such as:

- electrocardiographic examination, - electroencephalogram examination, - examination of the visual field and fundus of the eye, - recording of audiograms.

There are two ways to encode each item to create that card

1. if the effect of the drug causes certain disturbances in the body, in this case the code mark is P, 65

2. or else it is only a factor that always occurs in routine clinical trials, in which case the code sign is S.

E - undesirable effects (lines 82-83-84-85). These undesirable effects may be grouped according to the human body or pathological phenomena or classified. In this case, each item is coded10 as follows:

- if the phenomenon is common, the code mark, F, - if the phenomenon is rare, the code mark is R.

F - Contraindications and precautions to be taken in the application (lines 86-100).

In this section, patient characteristics can be grouped, such as how the drug is administered, etc. The encoding is as follows:

- if there is a contraindication, the code is O - if it is a simple precautionary code, the code is Z.

Thus, each reference point in the sticker may correspond to the active ingredient of another component of an active ingredient, but with all other information such as patient data (lifestyle data, for example), future treatment).

As mentioned above, each card will include the name (or common name) of the active ingredient as well as any other components that may be present. after all

- as far as possible - write the correct title on the sticker. For example, the card shown in Figure 7 shows a drug specialty commercially known as "vitamin C aspirin" or, as it is called, labeled M1 by the L1 laboratory. This card should therefore indicate the names of the two main active substances:

1. Acetylsalicylic acid, designated as unit 8 on the ordinate on the die and 39 at the abscissa.

2. ascorbic acid, denoted by 32 in the ordinate of the sticker system and 16 in the abscissa.

Figure 8 shows data for a drug specialty commercially known as M2. It is prepared by L2 Laboratory and thus, according to the title entered, it is renewed in the analog form of its main active ingredient: probenicide 35-23. It is recommended to apply it to the base sticker

- in the same field - active components of the same family of medicines, for example in the same row. Accordingly, the ordinates may be divided into lines suitable for families, of which:

1 has general anesthetic properties, a

local anesthetic characteristics,

are anesthetic,

- have antiepileptic effects, etc. They may be included. Moreover, the families stated further, enlargement has _five or more families grouped by, for example:

lines 1-11 as sedatives on the central nervous system, according to lines 12-14 of the central nervous system _1Q agent stimulating effect, according to the lines 16 to 17 and in the autonomic nervous system drugs, etc.

As has already been said, to facilitate the reading of the symbols or signs relationship to color in all cases in order of _15, namely in the same color such as the color of the circle. It will be noted here that the figures shown in black on the white background cause confusion for the marks or symbols represented by the various colors ₂₀ because we see colors which are not actually present.

To facilitate detection have advantages _{of 25} sen a color code is used which corresponds to the listing order of the main active ingredients of the drug card for special risk.

In Fig. 7, signals are selected which correspond to the interaction, ÜL interactions, of the families or formulations whose titles are written. For the sake of simplicity, we omitted the titles referring to secondary effects. While the basic sticker, the abscissa value of 1-3, was maintained at the full height of the ordinate to capture the latter, but it is natural that any other field of sticker may be used for the same purpose within the limits of the inventive concept. _4Q

Symbols corresponding to acetylsalicylic acid, marked with the same color:

Type A, which has the following interactions:

- anorexigens

- IMAO

- Neuroleptics

- procaine antiparkinsonian effects anticoagulants (oral) Cortocosteroids phenylbutazone salicyls have uricrical effects

Type B, which interacts with phenobarbital 3.21

12.4 to 12.22

14.4 - 14.14

6.4 to 8.44

2.31

2.31

26.3-26,22

26.3-34.22

6.34

From 8.38 to 8.50 (except for

8.39 (which refers to acetylsalicylic acid)

To 35.22 to 25.24

They are C-type fingers that interact with their antityroids with paraninbenzosa

PAS

D-type which interact with diphenyldantoine or phenytoin sulfamides penicillins tircxin

Type B interacting with antipyrides or phenazobate anthropin barbiturine salicyls (equivalent to acetylsalicylic acid or other active ingredient of the same drug) sulfamides

32.41

To 31.11 to 31.21

39.13

22.6

4.13 to 4.12 fins

To 29.6 to 29.15

38.4 to 39.44

37.4 to 37.20

31.9

8.33

17.8

1.12 to 1.15 fins

3.4-3.26 fins

Addresses from 8.38 to 8.50 are coded in the same way as above.

For the sake of simplicity, in this example, the symbolic signals used to indicate secondary effects, environmental conditions, and physical attributes of the patient's personality were not used.

However, it is preferable to indicate in circular form, or in a circular form (e.g., third circle or circular) and the same color for the active ingredients, that the drug belongs to a different pharmacological class than that already indicated on the base card as product position. For example, aspirin is designated as a complete circle in the class of anti-inflammatory drugs, and therefore anti-inflammatory drugs with anti-inflammatory activity, etc., can be labeled as a circular arc. medicine class.

For example, if a base card holds 4-50 units on the abscissa of the coordinate system to denote the family of active components, the remaining portion, i.e. 1-3 units on the abscissa, can be utilized to denote secondary effects by indicating circular symbols. In the same way, different lines of a particular drug specialty can be labeled with adjacent lines, and when the cards are stacked, the line of adjacent //// lines gives a clear notation, that is. times ignoring the straight line marking the abscissa. Similarly, a set of pharmacological effects can be represented by a set of secondary effects, thus providing an indication of other reactions that may be elicited at different dosages that have not been analyzed so far.

In the same way, that is, by placing two or more transparent signal storage cards (shown in Figures 1 and 2) overlapping the coordinate axes, we can determine whether there are signs or symbols overlapping the respective main active ingredients. or inferred interactions between creators, as discussed above using code symbols.

As already emphasized above, the signaling system thus constructed can provide a general judgment, which is available in a dual information system, namely: if the X element interacts with the Y element, then in the corresponding signaling card, relative to the Y element at the X address, with respect to the element X we can find it beside the address Y as well. This dual identity does not necessarily have to exist. For example, element X can reduce the effect of Y without reducing its own effect.

The signal storage cards according to the invention provide a means of constant self-checking because they are accurate and if any information is not duplicated, it also indicates that an error has been made in the data input or something has been forgotten.

Each card may be designed in a convenient form, which may be manifested, for example, in a useful auxiliary control device, in the designation of the card system, and in the inclusion of bibliographic references.

It is particularly important that all the signal storage cards are placed in a simple holder, such as a transparent canvas, which is open on one side, which makes classification and retrieval easier. Therefore, they can be labeled as follows:

- on the reverse side, enter the information that identifies the product in general terms and is identical for each card, according to a particular logical grouping and arranged for the user's practical purposes.

- Write down information on interactions, specific effects of the agent and other data which are coded on the card itself.

If the user has the signaling cards organized in this way, they can easily and quickly check their labels, have the ability to carefully filter out the interactions you want to avoid - taking into account the address - and, as a result, you have to waste too much time. Starting from this new baseline, modifications on the backside can add new additions to the existing ones, either by adding new cards to existing ones, by upgrading old ones that can be easily rewritten at a given time, or by adding new information that daily.

Example 7

The procedure of Example 1 may be followed, except that the signal storage cards are photographically recorded, for example, on microfilm. It is possible to not only record signals referring to different addresses, but also to write on the card signals that allow the user to find a reference to the patient's weight or other physical condition.

The use of photography allows the recording to be recorded on film or microfilm because the resulting table stores clearer and clearer readable signals for the given titles by enlarging the signal card. Clips are easily stacked by optical means, such as a projector, either by placing the cliches behind the same projected object or by projecting the same object on each cliche and then placing the various projected images on a common screen.

Example 8

The rectangular rectangular signal storage card, preferably of rigid or semi-rigid material, is coated with a magnetic layer. The addresses were entered in a Cartesian coordinate system with baseline grids. The titles are fixed by magnetic recording using conventional techniques and labeled with the drug specificity characteristics.

There are many technologies by which the signal is registered, but the most varied forms can be selected, with the appropriate intensity of the recording mode, for which a large number of codes can be applied to each address. Conventional classical cards generally have 5,000 addresses that can each be selected from a set of at least 25 code symbols according to the present invention.

Each of the signal storage cards corresponds, for example, to a pharmaceutical specialty and can be placed in a bag or holder such as that described in Example 8, for example. According to a further embodiment, a continuous magnetic tape having a capacity of 25 to 200 layers of magnetic film can be used. Each tape is labeled with a class of treatment procedures (per drug), or there are indications of the specialty characteristics developed by a particular laboratory, or even signs of other conventional classifications.

One of the great advantages of magnetic storage is that it allows the input signals to be modified without any problem by means of equipment which is generally used for writing to memory storage devices.

Signaling to magnetic storage devices, whether storage media, magnetic disks, or magnetic cards, proceeds as follows.

The card, or the portion of the tape to which the first medication specialty markings are to be recorded, is first placed in a reading unit having a central memory, and, in the case of a magnetic tape, a control keypad arranged to enable the particularity of the medication in question. address selection. The title-specific characteristics of the drug are then stored in the central memory. In addition, a second, third, 1 ... etc. we also include the title attributes of the specialty, and the first medication specialty titles are superimposed, which can be easily accomplished through the synchronous system.

It is sufficient then to examine the set of superimposed features, for example, from the point of view of the interaction between the particular types of drugs in question, deriving these features from the central memory to the reading unit, which may be a cathode ray screen it also allows for the re-description - reprography - of the information read on the screen using a signal board or a conventional printing device. This method of writing 2 allows for transcription of signals at intervals of one another, 'any reproduction' and comparisons of a large number of signal carriers, for which only easily obtainable material is required.

The method can be accomplished not only by magnetic means but also by electrical means, while the signals can be varied by digital or analog codes. The arrangements described above have a large number of applications according to the preceding examples. Between application areas air 3; we can become more general in pharmacy and medicine. It is also possible that not only drug interactions can be studied with the help of the system. If the system is used in the field of homeopathy, it is possible to study the requirements of the structure of the individual (4).

From the perspective of the field of application, the problems of medical medicine and pharmacy can be studied precisely, either in relation to the dosage of the drug or separately or in the context of nutrition, especially in the feeding of infants. Similarly, from a generic address card, if you want to know the interaction between the active ingredient of a specialty medicine and a set of active ingredients of other specialty medicines (the latter specialty medicines being marketed in a specific market, such as the French market), the same drug specialties can take different forms (ointment, pills, pills, ampoules, etc.) and their dosage also has varying degrees of prescription for different uses.

Alternatively, the interactions between the main active ingredients of a particular medicinal product and those of other specialties may vary - often to a considerable extent - as a result of understanding the characteristics listed above. In addition, it is also possible to determine how the interactions Depending on the posology, especially if the drug is co-administered, with or without co-administration, the frequency of administration and the ability to rapidly or slowly absorb each other or when the drug is discontinued.

Consequently, it is obvious the importance of the data referring to the process of the invention being kept in mind in view of the methods described above. Therefore, the symbols may be coded depending on the characteristics of the drug being tested.

More specifically, the code depends on the appearance of the test drug, the dosage form and the 15 active ingredients it contains, the recommended route of administration, the prescribed dosage and its influence on the other drug specialties co-administered with the test drug. the first symbol symbols corresponding to the address labeled for the active ingredient of the particular pharmaceutical ingredient, the first symbol being, for example, a circle at the intersection of the lines of the square mesh 25 (as is already known, the intersections correspond to an address entered) the circle is a color characteristic of the particular component. Part of the first symbol circle is colored differently from the 30 colors indicative of the particular property of the creator, depending on the color originally used to characterize the particular drug being investigated.

Alternatively, the first symbolic code symbol is a circle also located at the intersection of the lines of the grid, having a color corresponding to the drug constituent and a preselected color, and having a second circle drawn with a smaller, but not larger, diameter, however, as with the first circle, the color of a particular article in the circle 40 is different from the color selected for the component's specific feature, and this section with its different color is denoted by a color depending on the characteristics of the particular feature under investigation.

Encoded signals may also be those which indicate the interaction of the active ingredients. These are, for example, small rectangles drawn at the intersection points, their height is the same as the diameter of the small circles mentioned above, and some are colored with the color of the component and 50 with the whole square (or rectangle) is colored.

Symbolic signals for drug interactions can be rectangular shapes on the intersection lines, the length of which corresponds to the diameter of said circles, and the orientation of the first shapes corresponds to the property of the component, while the second shapes correspond to the first shapes. they have the same basic color, at least in part, different from the color indicative of component 60, depending on the characteristic of the original drug. In addition, the titles of the active ingredient components can be arranged by fields 65 that are grouped by a family of active components according to a common set of cards in the card set, while at the same time the individual fields themselves can be grouped in different ranges. Each of these ranges has an address field reserved for denoting secondary effects, and a special note entry is included so that the components may belong to other families, depending on their address. The fields for this additional data recording can also be used to place symbols for the secondary effects.

Finally, at least one portion of the card may be reserved for the purpose of affixing to said card an indication corresponding to a grouping according to which either the class of the medicinal product is classified or the classification of the active ingredient. Based on this, however, they have the potential to cure specific diseases.

Example 9

Figures 9 and 10 depict two different code symbols relating to characteristics of a particular drug specificity. These symbols denote the active components of the drug specialty and are drawn locally where the corresponding address is written on the signal card.

Example 10

Figures 10 and 12 depict two different code symbols that refer to specific features of a particular drug specialty, which also indicate the interaction of the active ingredients, i.e., these symbols can be considered as relationship markers.

As noted above, the potential interactions of the active ingredients in the particular drug components will also depend on the nature of the active ingredients, i.e., the pharmaceutical form, dosage amount, administration to the patient's body and other medical prescriptions. Glucocoricoids which, when used in the form of an ointment, because the binder of the ointment is extremely odorous, are highly reactive to the active ingredient of the administered drug after conventional administration, but if the binder is not present, if the odor binder is selected, there is no interaction.

For example, aspirin is selected for drug drug interaction, which at low doses, i.e., 0.5 to 1.5 grams per day, increases urinary blood production by inhibiting uric acid secretion. In this case, aspirin should only be administered in small amounts, which are smaller than conventional uric acid formulations.

However, if aspirin is renewed in higher doses, which means that the daily amount is more than 3 grams, aspirin has a uric acid generating effect, so that there is no need to fear its effects on drugs containing uric acid.

Examples of drug-dependent interactions or interactions include products containing peni10 cillin by injection. Such formulations include ampicillin, methylillicin, etc., which inactivate aminoglycosides such as kanamycin or gentamicin when mixed in the same syringe or in the same carrier.

In contrast, if the latter pharmaceutical formulations are administered separately, or administered differently, for example, one formulation is administered intravenously and the other is administered intramuscularly, the individual effects are not mutually exclusive. Examples of drug-dependent drug interactions include hourly delivery of drugs, which may be determined by the attending physician. For example, when 25 drugs that inhibit absorption after disintegration with isoniacide are administered, the dosage regimen should be changed, since the inhibitory effect will only occur in the presence of the active ingredients introduced into the body.

Consequently, the interaction between the active ingredient of one particular drug and the active ingredient of another drug will depend on the characteristics of that particular type of drug, and this designation exemplifies all of the factors of the type described above.

The system according to the present invention encodes the symbolic signals according to the characteristics of the specialties to which the particularity of the drug in question relates.

For example, a drug storage container containing ampicillin for injection may encode a circle indicating the address reserved for ampicillin, the color of which is indicative of the characteristic of the drug of choice, but a portion of the circle is denoted by a different color, when administered in the form of a syringe, it may interact with certain other active substances, such as aminoglycosides, as a function of mixing in the same syringe.

The meaning of this coding can be specified on the card header, along with the name of the drug specialty, as stated above.

Similarly, two concentric circles or two superimposed lines (see Figures 11 and 12) may be used to record the interaction of an active agent with another and, on the other hand, the interaction of one or more how they respond to the components in a given medicine. It will be appreciated that the coding systems described above are merely exemplary embodiments, but they are excellent because they are simple, easy to read, and do not increase printing costs.

Example 11

The above is a description of signal storage cards that refer to a drug specialty, and as a starting point a sticker card having 50 units in the rectangular coordinate system abscissa was used.

It has also been said that the titles referring to the component active ingredients in each field may be grouped in such a way that the resulting grouping corresponds to the active ingredient family.

Finally, it is also mentioned that some fields may be reserved for denotations of secondary or ancillary effects, for example, by assigning colored circular arcs to 1-3 units of the abscissa on each row corresponding to an active component family. These refer to the active components, and these circular arcs refer to the side effects, that is, to indicate that the components may belong to another family. ·

In a particularly preferred embodiment of a system constructed according to the present invention having a didactic nature, the common sticker may be formed of three regions in which there are indications of grouping of families of the active ingredients. These three regions are preferably of the same height, i.e. the ordinate of the coordinate system consists of the same units.

The first region is made up of three rows of 25 abscissae. One abscissa is reserved for secondary effects, twenty abscissae are used to denote the symbolic components and their interactions, while the remaining four abscissae can be used to denote new components that occur later. In the second range there are fifteen abscissa lines. One abscissa serves to denote secondary effects, eleven lines to denote active ingredients, and three abscissa lines to denote new components. In the third region, however, there are only ten abscisic lines, the first of which has the notations indicating the side effects, the seven the notations of the active components, and the two lines the new components. This division allows for a completely new system of transparent classification and a better didactic view of the common vignette, as many lines of information can be used to replicate lines.

Similarly, the system can be structured using not only a sticker whose tagging elements are grouped per row or column, which risks leaving unused ends of rows or columns, for example, but also classes of active ingredients and its subdivisions are derived from the end of each row or column as the text is assembled by the printer in each sentence of a paragraph, but spaced apart as if the space between the needles was spotted. In particular, signs of discrimination are used to denote collateral effects.

Finally, there are signal storage cards10 that include markings for each drug. To add to this, the system is well suited to its design, equipment and application. By way of example, we have chosen the field of medical medicine and pharmacology.

In order to facilitate the work of the prescription physician, it is desirable that a portion of the compiled cards, which form the subject matter of the present invention, be designed so that the indications in this section refer specifically to a particular class of medication for future use in one or more diseases. taking into account 25 ^v §y be indicated in this space for some types of patients for whom the drug is particularly useful specialty.

By way of example, it is also possible to design a card which refers to the above-mentioned diabetic patients 30, and this field indicates the interaction or exclusion of the active ingredients of the drugs used in this type of patient.

Thus, if a physician wishes to prescribe a prescription for a diabetic patient, it is sufficient to place the Diabetes Label card on the prescription drug cards to obtain immediate information about the mutually exclusive effects or incompatible drugs. It is also possible to create a signal storage card that stores information about the patient itself (age, sex, inherited or acquired diseases, etc.). By covering these cards with other cards related to the disease, it is possible to screen out therapy that is dangerous to the patient. , and support your doctor in choosing the right procedure.

Obviously, direct or indirect signal keys can be used for entering codes and addresses, which may be digital or analog signal systems, especially for codes, since the use of analog signals, as emphasized above, is more advantageous. This also demonstrates the benefits of designing three-dimensional cards 55, since it is possible to build a body of data or symbols - in general, a table system or dictionary system - that compares every 60 individual elements studied. allows and provides appropriate information material.

Several known technologies can be used to make the signal storage according to the present invention easier. For example, many drugs interact with antibiotics. Therefore, using the same coloring in the antibiotic field of each signal storage card, if we refer back to the first example, it is easier to read, and thus it is particularly easy to determine the interactions with the active ingredients of each of the drug titles. Conversely, it is sufficient to leave a broad band on the label of the various antibiotic labels, which bear the markings of non-antibiotic-compatible drugs and families.

As explained in more detail above, the system of the present invention can be used in any field of medical or pharmaceutical applications where drug interactions or mutually exclusive properties are important to the prescribing physician, and many other areas of skill in the art will demonstrate the utility of the system. will find you without going beyond the scope of the declared thought. One example of this is agriculture, where the choice of manure is particularly important for the type of soil to be cultivated, but it is also important to know which crop can best be adopted in a given area.

Generally speaking, the system can be applied in any field where the interaction of at least two 5 elements is to be considered, and where the interaction of its various elements, or the avoidance of these interactions, is the objective to be studied. In addition, there are 0 jobs in the human nutrition or animal nutrition field where relationship characteristics need to be explored and documented among the elements.

Claims (1)

Claim: A two-dimensional set of transparent, material, superimposable storage media or signal storage tabs to determine the nature of relationships between characteristics of individual unit groups by comparing the common characteristics of the data or data sets, characterized by further grouping the data in at least one-dimensional order, they are represented by well-defined marks, preferably simple geometric figures and / or colors, at the intersection points of the two-dimensional coordinate system.