HRP970008A2

HRP970008A2 - Spark protection device for insulated air conductors

Info

Publication number: HRP970008A2
Application number: HR960019A
Authority: HR
Inventors: Markku Kokkonen
Original assignee: Sekko Ab Oy
Priority date: 1996-01-03
Filing date: 1997-01-03
Publication date: 1998-04-30
Also published as: EP0783195A1; EE9700001A; FI99060B; NO970011D0; RU2197050C2; NO970011L; EE03498B1; HUP9603500A2; HUP9603500A3; CZ197A3; PL180946B1; FI99060C; CZ285203B6; HU9603500D0; PL317476A1; FI960019A0; RO112941B1; NO314779B1; HRP970008B1

Description

Prikazani izum se odnosi na jedan zaštitnik protiv iskrenja za izolirane zračne vodiče, koji obuhvaća prvu elektrodu koja je pričvršćena za vodič stezaljkom koja prodire kroz izolaciju vodiča i druge elektrode koja je pričvršćena na poprečni nosač stupa ili na neki drugi nosač izolatora na takvom razmaku od prve elektrode, da se električni luk može kontrolirano prazniti i održavati između elektroda. The presented invention relates to a spark arrestor for insulated air conductors, which includes a first electrode which is attached to the conductor with a clamp that penetrates through the insulation of the conductor and a second electrode which is attached to the cross support of the pole or to some other support of the insulator at such a distance from the first electrodes, that the electric arc can be discharged in a controlled manner and maintained between the electrodes.

Patentni spis EP-0387865 od istog prijavitelja opisuje zaštitnik protiv iskrenja za izolirane zračne vodove, kod kojeg je jedna elektroda pričvršćena na vodič stezaljkom koja prodire kroz izolaciju. Ovo se rješenje pokazalo kao vrlo uspjelo i u većini slučajeva kao vrlo funkcionalno. Jedini uočeni nedostatak je to, što samo jedna elektroda neće uvijek funkcionirati kod slabih struja kratkog spoja. Patent document EP-0387865 by the same applicant describes a spark arrester for insulated air lines, in which one electrode is attached to the conductor by a clamp that penetrates the insulation. This solution proved to be very successful and in most cases very functional. The only observed disadvantage is that only one electrode will not always work at low short-circuit currents.

Uključivanje druge elektrode, postavljene na poprečni nosač stupa ili na neki drugi nosač izolatora na pogodnom razmaku od elektrode na vodiču, omogućuje kontrolirano pražnjenje električnog luka čak i kod slabih struja kratkog spoja. The inclusion of a second electrode, placed on the cross support of the pole or on some other support of the insulator at a suitable distance from the electrode on the conductor, enables the controlled discharge of the electric arc even with weak short-circuit currents.

Medutim, kod ovakvog sustava s dvije elektrode nedostatak je to, što se kod kretanja vodiča u vertikalnom ili u poprečnom pravcu, na primjer pod djelovanjem grana drveća ili leda na vodičima, razmak između elektroda mijenja, uslijed čega se mijenja i funkcionalnost zaštitnika protiv iskrenja, i to na takav način, da se može izazvati kvar zbog preopterećenja kruga. However, with such a system with two electrodes, the disadvantage is that when the conductor moves in a vertical or transverse direction, for example under the action of tree branches or ice on the conductors, the distance between the electrodes changes, as a result of which the functionality of the spark protector changes, and in such a way that it can cause a malfunction due to circuit overload.

Cilj je izuma da se otkloni ovaj problem i da se ostvari zaštitnik protiv iskrenja opisane vrste, kod kojeg se razmak između elektroda neće bitnije mijenjati uslijed pomicanja vodiča. The aim of the invention is to eliminate this problem and to realize a spark protector of the type described, in which the distance between the electrodes will not change significantly due to the movement of the conductor.

Ovaj je cilj ostvaren rješenjem prikazanim u patentnom zahtijevu 1. Zavisni zahtjevi prikazuju preporučljiva izvođenja izuma. This goal is achieved by the solution shown in patent claim 1. Dependent claims show recommended embodiments of the invention.

Jedan primjer izvođenja bit će detaljnije opisan s pozivom na priloženi crtež, na kojem One example of execution will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawing, in which

- slika 1 prikazuje pogled sa strane na zaštitnik protiv iskrenja prema izumu, a - figure 1 shows a side view of the spark protector according to the invention, a

- slika 2 prikazuje pogled na isti u pravcu vodiča. - picture 2 shows a view of the same in the direction of the guide.

Na izolator 1, pričvršćen na stup, ili na neki drugi nosač izolatora, postavljen je izoliran zračni vodič 2, na koji je pričvršćen prvi rog 4 zaštitnika protiv iskrenja pomoću stezaljke 3. Rog 4 zaštitnika je šipkasta elekroda, dimenzionirana tako da izdržava električni luk. Da bi se pojačala izdržljivost, rog 4 zaštitnika može na kraju imati zadebljanje. Rog 4 zaštitnika pruža se poprečno u odnosu na vodič, u prikazanom slučaju na dolje. An insulated air conductor 2 is placed on the insulator 1, attached to a pole, or on another insulator support, to which the first horn 4 of the spark protector is attached using a clamp 3. The horn 4 of the protector is a rod electrode, sized to withstand an electric arc. To increase durability, the horn of the 4 protectors may have a thickening at the end. The horn 4 of the protector extends transversely in relation to the conductor, in the case shown below.

Stezaljka 3 je načinjena sa zupcima 3A koji probijaju izolaciju vodiča 2 kada se pritegnu vijci 3b za stezanje. Time se osigurava galvanski kontakt od vodiča 2 do roga 4, 5 zaštitnika posredstvom stezaljke 3. The clamp 3 is made with teeth 3A that pierce the insulation of the conductor 2 when the clamping screws 3b are tightened. This ensures galvanic contact from the conductor 2 to the horn 4, 5 of the protector by means of the clamp 3.

U opisanom primjeru, druga elektroda 6 ima oblik vodoravne šipke, pričvrsćene za poprečni nosač stupa, ili na neki drugi nosač izolatora, pomoću višedijelne poluge čiji se dijelovi 7, 9, 11 mogu pričvrstiti u raznim međusobnim položajima pomoću elemenata 8 i 10 za podešavanje. Podesivost dijelova 9 i 11 poluge može se iskoristiti za podešavanje međusobnog razmaka ili zazora između elektroda 6 i 4,5. In the described example, the second electrode 6 has the form of a horizontal bar, attached to the cross support of the column, or to some other support of the insulator, by means of a multi-part lever whose parts 7, 9, 11 can be attached in various mutual positions by means of elements 8 and 10 for adjustment. The adjustability of parts 9 and 11 of the lever can be used to adjust the mutual distance or gap between electrodes 6 and 4.5.

Podesivost dijelova 7 i 9 poluge može se koristiti za podešavanje okomitog položaja elektrode 6 koja je u radnom položaju postavljena nešto malo iznad razine donjeg kraja 5 prve elektrode. Jedna ili obje elektrode 6, 4 može biti zaštićena protuptičjih štitnika 12, kako bi se otklonila mogućnost nastanka kvarova koje bi izazvale ptice i male životinje. Protuptičji štitnik 12 obuhvaća plastičnu izolacionu oblogu koja ostavlja nepokrivenu površinu za pražnjenje električnog luka. The adjustability of parts 7 and 9 of the lever can be used to adjust the vertical position of the electrode 6, which in the working position is placed slightly above the level of the lower end 5 of the first electrode. One or both electrodes 6, 4 can be protected by anti-bird guards 12, in order to eliminate the possibility of malfunctions caused by birds and small animals. The anti-bird guard 12 includes a plastic insulating covering that leaves an uncovered surface for the discharge of the electric arc.

Bitno svojstvo izuma je to, što su elektrode 6 i 4,5 postavljene međusobno ukriženo, a istovremeno poprečno na vodič 2, tako da kretanja vodiča 2 nemaju neki bitniji utjecaj na razmak između elektroda. U stvari, razmak između elektroda može se održavati prilično konstantnim blagim zakrivljavanjem elektroda. Budući da se, pri pomicanju vodiča 2, elektroda 4 pomiče u okomitom ili u poprečnom pravcu, njeno se razmak od elektrode 6 bitnije ne mijenja, što istovremeno osigurava kontrolirano pražnjenje električnog luka. An essential feature of the invention is that the electrodes 6 and 4,5 are placed crosswise and at the same time transverse to the conductor 2, so that the movements of the conductor 2 do not have any significant effect on the distance between the electrodes. In fact, the distance between the electrodes can be kept fairly constant by slightly bending the electrodes. Since, when moving the conductor 2, the electrode 4 moves in a vertical or transverse direction, its distance from the electrode 6 does not change significantly, which at the same time ensures a controlled discharge of the electric arc.

Izum nije ograničen na gore navedeni primjer izvođenja. Tako, na primjer, elektrode mogu biti drukčije usmjerene nego što je gore navedeno, tako da elektroda 4 na svom kraju ima jedan vodoravni dio koji se pruža poprečno u odnosu na jednu okomitu elektrodu koja je zamijenila elektrodu 6. The invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Thus, for example, the electrodes can be oriented differently than stated above, so that the electrode 4 has at its end a horizontal part which extends transversely in relation to a vertical electrode which has replaced the electrode 6.

Korištenjem visećih izoliranih lanaca, elektroda 4 može biti usmjerena i na gore. Elektrode mogu imati poprečni presjek koji varira od okrugle šipke do više ili manje plosnate ploče. By using hanging insulated chains, electrode 4 can also be directed upwards. Electrodes can have a cross-section that varies from a round rod to a more or less flat plate.

Veza između elektrode 4 i stezaljke 3 također se može ostvariti na više načina, kao, na primjer, posebnom vezom vijcima. The connection between the electrode 4 and the clamp 3 can also be realized in several ways, such as, for example, with a special screw connection.

Claims

1. Spark arrester for insulated air conductors, comprising a first electrode (4, 5) attached to the conductor (2) by a clamp (3) that penetrates the insulation of the conductor, and a second electrode (6) attached to the cross member of the pole, or to some the second insulator support, at such a distance from the first electrode that the electric arc can be discharged in a controlled manner and maintained between the electrodes, characterized by the fact that the electrodes (4, 5 and 6) are extended crosswise in relation to each other, so that the movements of the conductor (2) they do not have any significant influence on the distance between the electrodes.

2. Spark arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the first electrode (4, 5) extends downwards or upwards, while the second electrode (6) extends horizontally, and both electrodes (4, 5; 6) ) placed transversely in relation to the guide (2).

3. Spark arrester according to claim 2, characterized in that the second electrode (6) is placed a little higher than the level of the lower end (5) or below the upper end of the first electrode (5, 4).

4. Spark arrester according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the electrodes (4, 5 and 6) are essentially rod-shaped.

5. The spark arrester according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the vertical position and distance of the second electrode (6) from the first electrode (4, 5) can be adjusted using the adjustment elements (8-10).

6. Spark arrester according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the supporting lever of the second electrode (6) consists of several parts (7, 9, 11), which can be connected to each other in different mutual positions in order to adjust the distance between the electrodes, and preferably also for vertical adjustment of the second electrode (6).

7. Spark arrester according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that at least one of the electrodes (6, 4) is protected by an anti-bird guard (12).