HRP950255A2 - Laminated structure with improved fire resistance and procedure for the manufacture of the structure - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to the structure defined by the first part (preamble) of the first patent claim. The second part of the essence of the invention refers to the obtaining procedure and is defined by the first part (preamble) of the nineteenth patent claim.

For example, laminated and layered structures, called reinforced plastic structures, which are obtained by impregnation with organic resins such as polyester, epoxy, etc., are known. Such structures are not fireproof, but on the contrary, flammable.

The essence of this invention is the production of a completely new type of structure that can be used in a way that corresponds in application with organic resins, for example reinforced structures with fiber supports, but whose new structure has a degree of fire resistance completely different from reinforced plastic structures, and is also cheap for construction, solid, durable and light.

The peculiarity of the essence of the invention is the production of fireproof coatings, hard or elastic walls, laminated panels and/or laminated structures with or without thermal and/or sound insulation, which can be used, for example, in mechanical engineering, construction, building boats, vehicles, airplanes and shipbuilding.

The very structure of the invention is characterized by what is given in the first patent claim. The manufacturing method is characterized by what is given in the nineteenth patent claim.

In accordance with the invention, the structure contains a layer of silicate-oxychlorine cement and/or inorganic silicate-oxysulfate cement.

In addition to the most important property, fire resistance, such cement is light, hard, strong and waterproof. It adheres well to any structure while still wet, so it can be used as a coating and in different laminated structures to join the laminate shells together without the need to use any other adhesive materials.

It was found by testing that when the material is heated with a flame to a high temperature, for example to around 900°C, an endothermic reaction occurs and a cooling of the heat wave occurs in the material, with the result that it is not possible to increase the temperature above the critical level. Moreover, cement does not develop any harmful gases. In addition to fire resistance, the material does not contain asbestos, unlike some previously known fire resistant materials. The presence of sodium silicate in the material makes it insoluble in water and improves endothermic properties in the combustion process. Furthermore, the material has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, which means that it preserves its shape and does not deform in fire. As a structure, it is a reinforced laminate, it can be produced in open and closed tools under minimal pressure because it takes a given shape, which in turn enables the production of large panels from one piece. If compared to corresponding reinforced plastic structures, the structure given by the invention weighs only half of them. For example, a common reinforced plastic laminate with a thickness of 6 mm weighs 11-12 kg/m2, while a corresponding reinforced laminate produced in accordance with the invention weighs about 8-9 kg/m2. At its core, silicate-oxysulfate cement consists of water (H2O), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium oxide (MgO) and sodium silicate (water glass). Instead of magnesium sulfate, it is possible to use magnesium chloride (MgCl2), in which case it results in silicate-oxychlorine cement.

At its core, cement consists of approximately 10-20 wt% water (H2O), approximately 50-60 wt% magnesium oxide (MgO), and 10 or less wt% sodium silicate. In this case, the cement contains about 30-40 wt. % magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) or alternatively magnesium chloride (MgCl2).

At the core of the structure, the layer is a coating made of the aforementioned silicate-oxychlorine cement and/or silicate-oxysulfate cement, which is applied directly to the surface of the base material that is to be protected. The coating can be applied by spraying, for example on the metal surface of a bulkhead on a ship.

At the core of the structure, the structure consists of fiber-reinforced laminates containing fiber reinforcements impregnated with a layer of binder consisting of silicate-oxychlorine cement and/or silicate-oxysulfate cement as the aforementioned agent. In such laminates, the fiber reinforcement used may consist of alkali-free glass fiber yarn, felt and/or textile in one or more layers, one above the other. Laminate can be delivered with an organic resin top layer. It is preferable to partially bind the fibrous reinforcement together with the organic resin from the very top layer and on the other side, preferably to a depth of half the thickness, with a layer of inorganic binder, so that the organic and inorganic layers are joined together.

At the core of the structure, the organic resin on the top layer is a polyester coating gel that hardens and becomes more fire resistant due to aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3). Polyester coating gel is used as with reinforced plastic structures as a top layer to create a smooth and bright surface with a good aesthetic appearance, for example in the form of a film about 1 mm thick.

At the core of the structure, the structure contains a metal sheet, such as metal foil, which is bonded with bonding cement to the surface of the structure and thus forms a coating on it. The metal foil adheres perfectly to the surface of the wet cement layer. The coating used can be any suitable metal film that gives the desired aesthetic appearance, for example on a wall element.

At the core of the structure itself, the structure consists of a layer of insulating material consisting of expanded resin bonded with the aforementioned cement. The insulating layer of expanded resin can consist of expanded phenolic resin, polyurethane or styrene. Expanded organic resins as mentioned have a low fire resistance, but with the aforementioned cement layer, their fire resistance is greatly improved.

At the core of the structure itself, the structure contains a layer of fibrous insulating materials consisting of inorganic fibers bound together with the structure by the already mentioned cement. The layer of insulating material can consist of glass fibers, mineral wool, stone wool or the like. It is preferable that the layer of insulating material consists of the so-called laminated wool, in which the direction of the fiber is mostly the same as the direction of the board. Non-flammable laminate made of glass fibers impregnated with binding cement together with a layer of insulating material attached with a binding agent forms a non-flammable acoustically and thermally rigid panel that can be used as a flat or curved wall element in a wide range of applications.

At the core of the structure itself, the structure is a three-layer structure that has a plate middle layer of insulating material and two laminates reinforced with fiber reinforcement and impregnated with the mentioned binding cement, so that the two laminates have lamination on different sides towards the middle layer.

Accordingly, in the process for obtaining a laminated structure with improved fire resistance, a layer of inorganic silicate-oxychlorine cement and/or inorganic silicate-oxysulfate cement is formed in the structure. The hardening of the cement can be accelerated by subjecting the structure to an elevated temperature of the order of about 40°-80C. Laminate and laminated structures are made layer by layer in a manner similar to the production of reinforced plastic, for example according to the wet-on-wet principle, which means that production can be done using a continuous industrial process.

A particular advantage of the invention is that it makes possible the production of structures similar to reinforced plastic structures but whose structures, for example walls, shells and laminated structures, are non-combustible in accordance with IMO-Res. norms and DIN norm 4102. Such structures can be used, for example, in the construction of buildings and ships, for example as walls, ceilings and panel elements, etc. The structure from the invention can be used to form, for example, the entire cabin module of the so-called sanitary cubicle, complete toilet and shower accessories. Norms applicable to shipping require that structures should be non-flammable in accordance with IMO-Res. B15 norm, in other words, that they withstand a temperature of 900°C for 15 minutes without catching fire. Reinforced plastic structures do not reach that norm, which is the reason why it was not possible to use prefabricated reinforced plastic modules on the shipbuilding, while in accordance with the invention the structure can be such that it even meets the requirements of IMO-Res. B30 norm, which is more demanding than B15 norm, in other words, the structure withstands fire at 900°C for 30 minutes and even longer.

The structure from the invention, which contains a layer of hardened silicate-oxychlorine and silicate-oxysulfate cement, thus solves the problem of making fireproof and waterproof impregnated structural materials subjected to physical influences. It is hard and light enough, and together with a non-flammable insulating material (thermal or sound insulation) can be used in the form of a flat or curved panel, as a laminated wall used for containers, cabins, kiosks, doors, partitions, etc. When attached directly to the plate or steel structure of the ship's bulkheads, the laminated structure provides excellent insulation and fire resistance. The structure from the invention can also be used in cooling systems.

Other properties of the procedure itself are shown in the patent claims and in the further detailed description of the invention itself.

In what follows, the invention is described in detail with reference to the appended drawings, in which

Drawing 1 represents in the form of a diagram a section of the first core of the structure of the invention itself, where the coating structure.

Drawing 2 represents in the form of a diagram a section of the second core of the structure of the invention itself, in which the structure is reinforced with a laminated board with a decorative top layer.

Drawing 3 represents in the form of a diagram a section of the third core of the structure of the invention itself, in which the structure is reinforced with a laminated plate with a decorative metal foil as a coating.

Drawing 4 represents in the form of a diagram a section of the fourth core of the structure of the invention itself, in which the structure is a panel of laminated structure with a layer of insulating material.

Drawing 5 represents in the form of a diagram a section of the fifth core of the structure of the invention itself, in which the structure is a panel of laminated structure with a layer of insulating material.

Figure 6 illustrates the change in temperature of the furnace used as the heat source for the laminated panel tested in Test Example 3 as a function of time during the test,

Figure 7 illustrates the change in temperatures measured at measurement points on the outer surface of the laminated panel tested in Test Example 3 as a function of time during the test,

Figure 8 illustrates the change in temperature of the furnace used as the heat source for the door panel tested in Test Example 4 as a function of time during the test, and

Figure 9 illustrates the change in temperatures measured at measurement points on the outer surface of the door panel tested in Test Example 4 as a function of time during the test.

Drawing 1 shows a fire-resistant protective structure applied in the form of a coating 1 as a thin layer on the base material, for example by spraying and hardening on the surface of the base material 2. The base material 2 can consist of any object to be protected, such as the body or bulkhead of a ship, a wall houses or similar. The fire-resistant property is achieved by a coating layer, which can consist of inorganic silicate-oxychlorine cement and/or silicate-oxysulfate cement, which is composed of water (H2O), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium oxide (MgO) and sodium silicate (water glass).

The consistency of the cement is such that it preferably contains 10-20 wt. % water, about 40-60 wt. % of magnesium oxide, and a maximum of 10 wt. % sodium silicate. In addition, the mixture also contains about 30-40 wt. % magnesium sulfate or alternatively magnesium chloride, depending on whether silicate-oxychlorine or silicate-oxysulfate cement is formed.

Drawing 2 shows a rigid laminated board made of reinforced binder 1, which consists of silicate-oxychlorine or silicate-oxysulphate cement which is the same as the coating in drawing 1, with fiber reinforcement 3. It consists of substances other than alkali, in this for example two layers of glass fibers in the form of yarn 3. Glass fibers in the form of yarn are immersed in cement, for example impregnated with it. On the surface of the panel there is an upper layer 4 consisting of organic polyester resin. This layer should preferably be made using a polyester gel coating modified with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3). The uppermost part of the glass fibers in the form of yarn 3 is partially, for example through one half of its own thickness, bound together with the organic resin of the last layer 4 and on the other hand, it is also bound together with the layer of inorganic binding agent 1 through approximately one half of the thickness, thus connecting organic and inorganic layer one after the other to form a continuous structure. The structure is formed by the wet-on-wet principle.

Drawing 3 shows a reinforced laminated panel in which glass fibers in the form of yarns 3 are immersed in a binder cement 1 as shown in drawing 1. A metal foil is placed on top of the binder layer 1 to give a structure that has satisfactory aesthetics. Metal foil or any type of sheet adheres perfectly to the binding cement 1 of the invention without the use of another bonding agent.

Drawing 4 shows a laminated sandwich panel consisting of a layer of insulating material 6; 7 bonded together with a rigid sheet layer with binding cement 1, for example as shown in the joint in drawing 2. The insulating layer can be an insulating layer 6 consisting of expanded resin or a fibrous insulating layer 7 consisting of inorganic fibers and bonded with a sheet structure with cement 1. The insulating layer can consist, for example, of phenolic resin, polyurethane or styrene. The fire-resistant fibrous insulation layer 7 can again consist of glass fibers, mineral wool, stone wool or the like. It is desirable that the insulating layer 7 contains the so-called laminated wool, in which the fiber directions are mostly the same as the direction of the panel itself.

Drawing 5 shows a three-layer structure consisting of a plate-like middle layer 6; 7 of insulating material and two laminates reinforced with fiber reinforcement 3 and impregnated with the mentioned cement 1, laminated on opposite sides of the middle layer so that the middle layer 6, 7 is contained between two laminates 3. The laminate 3 can be reinforced with an alkali-free glass carrier and it can be covered with a gel coating of the rubber layer 4 or a metal foil 5 as described in connection with the application in drawing 2 or 3. A layer of insulating material 6; 7 may consist of fibers or expanded insulating material as in the previous examples. Such a laminated structure provides excellent insulation against fire, moisture, heat and noise.

In each of the described examples, the fire resistance of the structure can be adjusted simply by varying the thickness of the cement layer, for example by adding more cement layers.

EXAMPLE

For the production of a laminated panel with an area of 1 m2 and a thickness of 6 mm, either flat or curved (for example, for prefabricated cabins with a toilet and shower) and covered with a protective surface layer made of polyester, the following materials are required:

(a) 3 non-alkali glass yarns, each with a density of 450 g/m2 and measuring 1000 x 1000 mm.

(b) 2 non-alkaline fibrous glass felt 40-60 g/m2, 1000 x 1000 mm

(c) water, 1 kg

(d) magnesium chloride (MgCl2) 47%, 2.5 kg; or

(e) magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) 49%, 2.5 kg

(f) magnesium oxide - basic (MgO) 5 kg

(g) sodium silicate (water glass) approximately 45 Bo, 0.5 kg

(h) adapted polyester (aluminum hydroxide 0.3 kg + polyester Chromos S020 0.8 kg), contact and accelerator.

The product is made as follows:

(a) magnesium chloride is mixed in cold water, or magnesium sulfate is mixed in warm water (from about 60°C),

(b) the salt solution prepared in advance is gradually poured into the container together with the sodium silicate, mixed until it is completely dissolved, and then both liquids are poured into the mixer (this is the contact liquid),

(c) magnesium oxide is sprinkled into the contact liquid with slow mixing, mixing is carried out until the binder mass becomes completely compact,

(d) the surface of the mold, previously covered with a layer of wax, is first covered with modified polyester with the help of rollers, and then alkaline-free glass felt is pressed onto the wet surface,

(e) a thin layer of modified polyester is sprayed onto the glass fiber yarn and the yarn is pressed against the wet side of the mold; after the gel has formed (this takes about 15 minutes), the binding cement is applied using rollers,

(f) fibrous glass yarn is impregnated with binding cement. By using a polyethylene film placed on the surface, the air is forced out from the upper side and the surface is smoothed. After removing the polyethylene film, the wet panel is pressed onto the wet surface of the mold, the air is squeezed out and the required shape is achieved. This film can be left in place while the product hardens, after which it can be removed.

(g) if the product is made using silicate oxychloride, curing takes 12-14 hours at a temperature of 18°-300°C. The product containing silicate oxysulphate can be subjected to hot pressing or a chamber at 60°-80°C, which accelerates the hardening process to 10-15 minutes. In a warm chamber (approximately 400-500°C), hardening takes a little longer (2-6 hours). After the laminate is removed from the mold, it is ready for the process (cutting, sanding or polishing), while the product reaches its full level of hardness in 20 days. So 6 mm thick Vasomatni laminate weighs about 8-9 kg/m2.

If it is necessary to make a double-sided laminated plate panel from sheets that are made of a reinforced laminate made of binding cement and that have a 20 mm thick thermal insulation of 50-80 kg/m2 of mineral wool or glass fibers, then instead of 450 g/m2 of alkaline-free fibrous glass yarn , four 300 g/m2 sheets of yarn are used and the process is repeated for each side of the product. A laminated panel with a thickness of 25 mm will have a mass of about 10 kg/m2 and will achieve fire resistance in accordance with DIN 4102 and IMO Res. B30 and F300 standard, which require durability of over 30 minutes.

The following are brief descriptions of fire resistance tests performed on structures manufactured in accordance with the invention.

TEST EXAMPLE 1

The Vasomat laminated panel made according to the invention was subjected to a burning test in accordance with IMO Res norm A.472(XII) (Test report DN 5/530-649/94-A). The material was a 10 mm thin sheet made of alkali-free glass fiber yarn, an inorganic binder based on oxysulphate cement and about 10% aluminate binder. According to the test report, the material was found to be non-combustible in accordance with IMO Res. A.472.

TEST EXAMPLE 2

The Irsopan laminated product according to the invention was subjected to a flame spread test in accordance with BS 476: Part 7: 1971 (Test report number 5/530-649/94-B ZMRK- Institute for Research and Quality Control; Ljubljana, Slovenia). The product that was tested was a panel composed of polyester resin, glass fiber yarn and a binding agent. The composition of the panel was as follows:

- polyestema gel coating Chromoplast S-202 Vasomat 0.5 kg/m2

- alkali-free woven glass 60 g/m2

- polyester binder Chromoplast S-202 Vazomat 0.5 kg/m2

- alumina binder Vazomat 1 kg/m2.

The limit value for the best class in accordance with the standard, class 1, is: flame spread 165 mm in 1.5 minutes and final reach in 10 minutes.

Test results for six samples were: flame spread 25-40 mm in 1.5 min and final reach 25-40 mm in 10 minutes.

Thus, the test obtained results according to which the product reaches the final values for the best "Class 1" according to the standard BS 476: Part 7:1971.

TEST EXAMPLE 3

Laminated board "IRSOPAN mineral sandwich for 'B15' class ship bulkheads" was subjected to fire resistance test in accordance with IMO Res. A 745 (18) for class "B" classification of ship's bulkheads. (Test report number 5/530-649/94-C, ZMRK - Institute for Research and Quality Control; Ljubljana, Slovenia).

The test sample consisted of three panels, two of which were 950 mm wide and one 465 mm wide. The panel thickness was 50 mm. The panels were made of Novoterm TIP/L glass wool with polyester gel coating, fibrous glass yarn, polyester resin, oxysulfate binder and aluminate binder. In detail, the materials were as follows:

Isolation:

manufacturer: Novoterm, Novo Mesto, Slovenia

commercial mark: NOVOTERM TIP/L

glass fibers, which contain a small amount of organic binder reaction to fire: non-flammable in accordance with the norm IMO Res. A.472 (XII)

basic thickness: 43 mm

basic density: 58 kg/m3; measured 55.4 kg/m3

specific heat capacity: 840 (J/kg)/K

thermal conductivity: 0.035 (W/K)/m

binding agent in the amount: 6.83 wt. %

Reinforcement material

manufacturer: IRS GmbH, Mannheim, Germany

commercial mark: VAZOMAT

reaction to fire: non-flammable in accordance with IMO Res. A.472 (XII)

(test report number 5/530-649/94)

Surface material

manufacturer: IRS GmbH, Mannheim, Germany

commercial name: IRSOPAN

reaction to fire: low flame speed - Class 1 according to the flame spread test B.S 476, Part 7 (Test report number 5/530-649/94-B)

The test was made in accordance with the norm IMO Res. A.745 (18). The panel - the test sample was placed in an upright position in an oil-heated furnace so that it formed one outer wall of the furnace, so that the heat was applied to one side of the panel. The temperature that was measured at seven measuring points on the opposite side of the panel and the temperature was recorded as a function of time. Comparative measurements were also made for the temperature inside the furnace. The total duration of the test was 41 minutes. In Figures 6 and 7, temperature is shown in degrees Kelvin on the vertical axis and time in minutes on the horizontal axis. Figure 6 shows the development of the furnace temperature during the test, and, in comparison, Figure 7 depicts the simultaneous temperature development at different measuring points on the outside of the panel during the test. Figure 7 shows clearly that the cooling effect occurs in the structure of the invention, keeping the temperature at a stable low level while the furnace temperature rises all the time.

It was established during the test that after 15 minutes from the start of the test, the average temperature rise on the outer surface of the test sample was 59°K. After 30 minutes, the mean temperature rise on the outer surface of the sample was 66°K, while the maximum rise was 85°K at one point. The test shows that the sample remained intact. The amount of distortion of the sample from the fire in 30 minutes was about 34 mm. According to the test, the sample is classified as "Class B-30 bulkhead".

TEST EXAMPLE 4

The door assembly in accordance with the invention, "IRSOPAN Class B15 Door" was subjected to a fire resistance test in accordance with the norm IMO Res. A.754 (18) for class "B" door classification. (Test report number 5/530-649/94-D, ZMRK-Institute for research and quality control; Ljubljana, Slovenia).

The door assembly, measuring 776 x 1976 mm, was wedged into the previously tested partition "B-15". Door panel made of stone wool coated with polyester gel coating, fibrous glass fiber, polyester resin, oxysulfate binder and aluminate binder. The test was performed using the furnace as in the previous examples. The sample material consisted of the following:

Isolation:

manufacturer: Termica, Novi Marof, Croatia

commercial designation: TERVOL BSI 15 stone wool, which contains a small amount

organic binder

reaction to fire: non-flammable in accordance with IMO Res. A.472 (XII)

basic thickness: 33 mm

basic density: 150 kg/m3; measured 159.9 kg/m3

specific heat capacity: 840 (J/kg)/K

thermal conductivity: 0.04 (W/K)/m

binding agent in the amount: 1.27 wt. %

Reinforcement material

manufacturer: IRS GmbH, Mannheim, Germany

commercial mark: VAZOMAT

reaction to fire: non-flammable in accordance with IMO Res. A.472 (XII)

Surface material

manufacturer: IRS GmbH, Mannheim, Germany

commercial name: IRSOPAN

reaction to fire: low flame speed - Class 1 according to the flame spread test B.S 476, Part 7 (Test report number 5/530-649/94-B).

The test was performed in accordance with the norm IMO Res. A.754 (18). The total length of the test was 33 minutes. In Figures 8 and 9, temperature is shown in degrees Kelvin on the vertical axis and time in minutes on the horizontal axis. Figure 8 shows the evolution of the furnace temperature during the test, and, in comparison, Figure 9 describes simultaneously the temperature evolution at different measuring points on the outer surface of the door panel during the test. Figure 9 shows clearly that the cooling effect occurs in the structure of the invention, keeping the temperature at a stable low level while the furnace temperature rises all the time.

It was found during the test that after 15 minutes from the start of the test, the mean temperature rise on the outer surface of the test sample was 48°K, while the maximum rise was 166°K on the neck skeleton. After 30 minutes, the mean temperature rise on the outer surface of the test sample was 58°K, while the maximum rise was 280°K on the neck skeleton. The test showed that the sample remained mostly undamaged. At 25 minutes and 29 minutes, a piece of cotton was placed on the outer surface of the panel. The cotton did not catch fire. The maximum deflection of the door away from the fire was only 3 mm. According to the test, the door is classified as "Class B-30 door".

The invention is not limited to the application shown in the previous examples; instead of that; many modifications are possible in what is defined as an inventive idea by the patent claims.

Claims (24)

1. A laminated structure with improved fire resistance, characterized in that the structure contains a layer (1) of inorganic silicate-oxychlorine and/or inorganic silicate-oxysulphate cement. 2. The structure defined according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that silicate-oxysulfate cement is composed of water (H2O), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium oxide (MgO) and sodium silicate (water glass). 3. Structure defined according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that silicate-oxychlorine cement is composed of water (H2O), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium oxide (MgO) and sodium silicate (water glass). 4. Structure defined according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the cement contains about 10-20 wt. % water (H2O), approximately 40-60 wt. % magnesium oxide (MgO) and less than or equal to 10 wt. % sodium silicate. 5. The structure defined according to claim 4, characterized in that the cement contains about 30-40 wt. % of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) or alternatively about 30-40 wt. % magnesium chloride (MgCl2). 6. The structure defined according to any claim 1-5, characterized by the fact that the layer (1) is a coating made of the mentioned silicate-oxychlorine cement and/or silicate-oxysulfate cement, which is applied directly to the surface of the base material (2) to protect it . 7. The structure defined according to any claim 1-6, characterized in that the structure is a fiber-reinforced laminate consisting of a fiber reinforcement (3) that is impregnated with a layer (1) of a binder consisting of the mentioned silicate-oxychlorine cement and/ or silicate-oxysulfate cement. 8. The structure defined according to claim 7, characterized in that the fibrous reinforcement (3) consists of one or more non-alkaline fibrous glass yarn, felt and/or fabric. 9. Structure defined according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the structure has an upper layer (4) of organic resin. 10. The structure defined according to claim 9, indicated by the fact that the fibrous reinforcement is at least partially bonded together with the organic resin of the upper layer (4) and, on the other hand, preferably to a depth of about half the thickness, with the layer (1) of inorganic bonding material , so that the organic and inorganic layers are connected together. 11. Structure defined according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the organic resin of the upper layer is a polyester gel coating modified with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3). 12. A structure defined according to any of claims 7-11, characterized in that the structure contains a thin metal sheet (5), such as a metal foil, which is bonded with a binder cement layer (1) to the surface of the structure to form a coating on it. 13. A structure defined according to any one of claims 1-5 or 7-12, characterized in that the structure has a layer (6) of insulating material consisting of expanded resin and bonded together with the structure with said cement (1). 14. Structure defined as in claim 13, characterized in that the layer (6) of insulating material consists of expanded phenolic resin, polyurethane or styrene. 15. A structure defined according to any one of claims 1-5 or 7-12, characterized in that the structure contains a layer (7) of fibrous insulating material consisting of inorganic fibers and bound together with the structure by said cement (1). 16. Structure defined according to claim 15, characterized in that the layer (7) of insulating material consists of glass fibers, mineral wool, stone wool or the like. 17. The structure defined according to claim 15, characterized in that the layer (7) of insulating material consists of the so-called laminated wool, in which the direction of the fibers is mostly the same as the direction of the board. 18. The structure defined according to any of the claims 1-5 or 7-12, characterized in that the structure is a multi-layered structure that has a plate middle layer (6; 7) of insulating material and two laminates reinforced with fiber reinforcement (3) and impregnated with with the mentioned binding cement (1), where two laminates are laminated on different sides of the middle layer. 19. Method for making a laminated structure with improved fire resistance, indicated by the fact that a layer of inorganic silicate-oxychlorine and/or inorganic silicate-oxysulfate cement is formed into the structure. 20. The method defined according to claim 19, characterized in that the silicate-oxysulfate cement consists of water (H2O), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium oxide (MgO) and sodium silicate (water glass). 21. The method defined according to claim 19, characterized in that the silicate-oxyclomi cement consists of water (H2O), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium oxide (MgO) and sodium silicate (water glass). 22. The method defined according to claim 20, characterized in that the silicate-oxysulfate cement is prepared by mixing the following: -water (H2O) approximately 10-20 wt. % -magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) approximately 30-40 wt. % -magnesium oxide (MgO) approximately 40-60 wt. % - sodium silicate in less than or equal to 10 wt. %. 23. The method defined according to claim 21, characterized in that the silicate-oxychlorine cement is prepared by mixing the following: -water (H2O) approximately 10-20 wt. % -magnesium chloride (MgCl2) approximately 30-40 wt. % -magnesium oxide (MgO) approximately 40-60% by weight - sodium silicate in less than or equal to 10 wt. % 24. The method defined according to any one of claims 19-23, characterized in that the hardening of the cement is accelerated by subjecting the structure to an elevated temperature of the order of approximately 40-80°C.