HRP921293A2 - Coastal stationary platform, made of several modular ents, suitable for product storage, for the direct ing and loading of vessels and a process for alling, removing and relocating the same - Google Patents
Coastal stationary platform, made of several modular ents, suitable for product storage, for the direct ing and loading of vessels and a process for alling, removing and relocating the same Download PDFInfo
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Description
Prikazani izum se odnosi na jednu priobalnu stacionarnu platformu izrađenu od više modularnih elemenata krajnje male nabavne cijene, krajnje male mase i ukupnih dimenzija, koja je posebno, ali ne i isključivo pogodna za eksploataciju podmorskih polja ugljikovodika i koja omogućuje, pored svih uobičajenih operacija bušenja, proizvođenja i skladištenja proizvoda, i neposredno vezivanje i utovar tankera, a da nije potrebno da se uskladištena nafta koja se utovaruje zamjeni morskom vodom, te stoga omogućuje skladištenje svih tekućih naftnih proizvoda, također i teških proizvoda, i koja se može lako postaviti, ukloniti i premjestiti, koja se lako podešavanjem dovodi u pravilan vertikalan položaj još u toku njenog postavljanja, i koja, dalje, omogućuje da joj se paluba podešava po visini kako bi se kompenzirala neizbježna pojava slijeganja morskog dna. The presented invention relates to a coastal stationary platform made of several modular elements of extremely low purchase price, extremely low mass and overall dimensions, which is especially, but not exclusively, suitable for the exploitation of submarine hydrocarbon fields and which enables, in addition to all the usual drilling operations, production and storage of products, and direct mooring and loading of tankers, without the need to replace the stored oil being loaded with seawater, and therefore allows for the storage of all liquid petroleum products, including heavy products, and which can be easily installed, removed and move, which is easily adjusted to the correct vertical position during its installation, and which, furthermore, allows its deck to be adjusted in height to compensate for the inevitable subsidence of the seabed.
Prikazani izum se također odnosi na postupak za brzo postavljanje, uklanjanje i premještanje takve priobalne stacionarne platforme. The presented invention also relates to a method for rapid installation, removal and relocation of such an offshore stationary platform.
Iz poznatog stanja tehnike poznate su priobalne platforme, koje su solidne jedinice sačinjene od više modularnih elemenata, koji imaju tu prednost, da omogućuju da se svi elementi koji sačinjavaju platformu istovremeno pripreme u različitim, odgovarajuće opremljenim dokovima, uz očiglednu prednost ostvarene znatne uštede vremena, a time uz znatne ekonomske prednosti. Coastal platforms are known from the known state of the art, which are solid units made up of several modular elements, which have the advantage of allowing all the elements that make up the platform to be prepared simultaneously in different, appropriately equipped docks, with the obvious advantage of considerable time savings. and thus with considerable economic advantages.
Nažalost, sve navedene platforme, poznate iz postojećeg stanja tehnike, imaju niz nedostataka, od kojih su glavni da ne omogućuju neposredno vezivanje ili utovar tankera, pa se moraju koristiti plutače za vezivanje, zbog čega nastaje potreba postavljanja skupih podzemnih cjevovoda, kako bi se plutača za vezivanje povezala sa platformom, kao i potreba da se koriste ili specijalno projektirani tankeri koji se pune na pramcu, ili plutajuća crijeva za bočno punjenje, što nagovještava mogućnost gubitaka proizvoda zbog nezgoda, ili rezervoare trajno vezane za navedene plutače. Unfortunately, all the mentioned platforms, known from the existing state of the art, have a number of disadvantages, the main of which is that they do not allow direct mooring or loading of tankers, so mooring buoys must be used, which necessitates the installation of expensive underground pipelines in order to for tying the link to the platform, as well as the need to use either specially designed bow-loading tankers, or floating hoses for side-loading, which hints at the possibility of product losses due to accidents, or tanks permanently attached to said buoys.
Drugi nedostatak je da se uskladištena nafta mora zamijeniti morskom vodom pa su, zbog problema zaštite okoliša sredine, postala neophodna postrojenja za obradu vode, koji su obično velikih dimenzija i snage, sa znatnom dodatnom masom i većim troškovima koji zbog toga nastaju. Another disadvantage is that the stored oil has to be replaced with seawater, so due to environmental protection problems, water treatment plants have become necessary, which are usually large in size and power, with significant additional mass and higher costs that arise as a result.
S druge strane, potreba zamjene nafte morskom vodom izaziva nedostatak nemogućnosti skladištenja teške nafte, jer se u fazi zamjene na graničnoj površini između teških nafti i vode koja ih zamjenjuje izdvajaju voštani proizvodi koji se mogu teško, ili se uopće ne mogu ukloniti, bar sa stanovišta ekonomičnosti. Drugi nedostaci koji nepovoljno utjeću na ranije poznate platforme, pored toga što se ne mogu postavljati brzo i lako izazvani su činjenicom da cijevi koje se koriste za ispražnjenje rezervoara platforme zahtijevaju ventile, koji opet zahtijevaju hermetične prostorije za pristup ljudi koji rade na održavanju, kao i opremu za održavanje ili zamjenu, uz odgovarajuće velike troškove. On the other hand, the need to replace oil with seawater causes the lack of the impossibility of storing heavy oil, because during the replacement phase on the boundary surface between heavy oil and the water that replaces it, waxy products are separated that can be difficult, or cannot be removed at all, at least from the point of view economy. Other disadvantages that adversely affect previously known platforms, in addition to not being able to be installed quickly and easily, are caused by the fact that the pipes used to empty the platform reservoir require valves, which in turn require hermetic rooms for access by maintenance people, as well as equipment for maintenance or replacement, with correspondingly high costs.
S druge strane, ispravljanje nepravilnosti vertikalnog postavljanja tih platformi u toku njihove gradnje je prilično skupo i netočno, jer zavisi samo od jednostavnog diferencijalnog balastiranja tih platformi. On the other hand, correcting irregularities in the vertical placement of those platforms during their construction is quite expensive and inaccurate, because it depends only on simple differential ballasting of those platforms.
Osim toga, spomenute poznate platforme nemaju mogućnost podešavanja paluba po visini, da bi se kompenzirali neizbježni utjecaji slijeganja morskog dna. In addition, the aforementioned known platforms do not have the ability to adjust the height of the decks, in order to compensate for the inevitable effects of the subsidence of the seabed.
Cilj je prikazanog izuma da se otklone navedeni nedostaci i da se ostvari jedna priobalna stacionarna platforma čija će cijena, masa i ukupne dimenzije biti krajnje smanjena, i koja priobalna stacionarna platforma će omogućiti da se tankeri svih tipova neposredno vješaju i utovaruju, da se skladište svi proizvodi, uključujući i teške proizvode, pri čemu će se ta stacionarna platforma lako i precizno vertikalno podešavati, visina njene palube će se podešavati, a samo stacionarna platforma će se lako i brzo ugraditi, ukloniti i premjestiti. The aim of the presented invention is to eliminate the mentioned shortcomings and to create a coastal stationary platform whose price, mass and overall dimensions will be extremely reduced, and which coastal stationary platform will enable tankers of all types to be directly hung and loaded, to store all products, including heavy products, whereby that stationary platform will be easily and precisely adjusted vertically, the height of its deck will be adjusted, and only the stationary platform will be easily and quickly installed, removed and moved.
Navedeni cilj je ostvaren tako što je cijela priobalna platforma projektirana tako da se lako sklapa u čvrstu cjelinu od tri plutajuća modularna elementa, od kojih osnovni element sadrži jednu osnovnu ploču ukrućenu vertikalnim, prstenastim i radijalnim zidovima koji formiraju kutijastu balastnu komoru, grupu plovećih cilindara zakačenih za periferni kraj spomenutog osnovnog elementa, grupu elemenata za učvršćivanje za spojnu užad, kao i grupu radijalnih žlijebova u kojima su smješteni vertikalni, radijalni zidovi zakošenog drugog elementa, ili proizvodnog rezervoara za skladištenje, koji ima udubljenu konstrukciju sa oplatama u vidu zarubljenog konusa i cilindra, međusobno razdvojenim spomenutim vertikalnim radijalnim zidovima, kako bi se formirale središnje skladišne komore i periferne balastne komore, i ima horizontalne zidove za ukrućivanje, pri čemu je spomenuti rezervoar izveden sa središnjim nosećim stupom opremljen sa grupom rastavljivih zateznih priključaka i pogodan je da sudjeluje sa jednim valobranom koji klizi dužinom njega i sa odgovarajućim središnjim nosećim stupom na koji se oslanja treći element, ili paluba, koji se sastoji od jedne The stated goal was achieved by designing the entire offshore platform to be easily assembled into a solid unit of three floating modular elements, of which the basic element contains one base plate stiffened by vertical, annular and radial walls that form a box-like ballast chamber, a group of floating cylinders attached for the peripheral end of the mentioned basic element, a group of fastening elements for the connecting ropes, as well as a group of radial grooves in which the vertical, radial walls of the beveled second element, or the production storage tank, which has a recessed construction with formwork in the form of a beveled cone and a cylinder, are located , separated from each other by said vertical radial walls, to form central storage chambers and peripheral ballast chambers, and has horizontal stiffening walls, wherein said tank is constructed with a central supporting column equipped with a group of detachable tension connections and is suitable for the vessel it consists of a single breakwater that slides along its length and with a corresponding central supporting pillar on which rests the third element, or deck, consisting of a
višekutaone konstrukcije, preporučljivo trouglastog oblika, opremljene dužinom svake njezine strane jednim sistemom samozateznih vitala, sa elastičnim prigušivačima udara (bokobranima) za neposredno vezivanje tankera i sa samoocjednim, automatski rastavljivim konzolama za crijeva za utovar tekućih proizvoda, sa konstrukcijom koja je klizna i može se po položaju podešavati dužinom spomenutog središnjeg stupa na kojem je postavljena paluba pomoću sistema zupčastih poluga, zupčanika i zupčastih blokova, pri čemu su ovi modularni elementi, koji sadržavaju priobalnu stacionarnu platformu, međusobno kruto povezani pomoću spojne užadi koja se automatski spreže i brzo rastavlja, a koja se zateže između spomenute grupe elemenata za učvršćivanje postavljene na spomenutom osnovnom elementu, i grupe nepokretnih zateznih priključaka izvedenih na spomenutom središnjem nosećem stupu izrađenom na spomenutom elementu palube, a koji se pruža unutar oba središnja zida zajedno sa vodonepropusnim bunarima, na čijem su dnu postavljene vertikalne usisne pumpe za usisavanje uskladištenih proizvoda sadržanih unutar spomenutih komora spomenutog rezervoara. polygonal structures, preferably triangular in shape, equipped along the length of each of its sides with a system of self-tensioning vitals, with elastic shock absorbers (fenders) for direct tying of tankers and with self-draining, automatically detachable consoles for hoses for loading liquid products, with a construction that is sliding and can be adjusted in position by the length of the mentioned central column on which the deck is placed using a system of toothed levers, gears and toothed blocks, whereby these modular elements, which contain the coastal stationary platform, are rigidly connected to each other by means of connecting ropes that are automatically connected and quickly disconnected, and which is tensioned between said group of anchoring elements placed on said base element, and a group of stationary tension connections performed on said central support post made on said deck element, and which extends within both central walls together with watertight wells, at the bottom of which vertical suction pumps are placed for suctioning the stored products contained within the mentioned chambers of the mentioned reservoir.
U stvari, na taj se način može shvatiti, pošto je platforma podijeljena na tri plutajuća dijela opremljena odgovorajućim balastnim komorama, ili plovnim komorama, a koji se mogu međusobno brzo spojiti pomoću spojne užadi koja se može aktivirati sa nivoa iznad nivoa morske vode, lakoća kojom će moći da se izvedu operacije transporta, postavljanja, uklanjanja i premještanja, a koje operacije su dalje olakšane primjenom, prema jednom drugom sastavu prikazanog izuma, jednog sistema za samopodešavanje između spomenuta dva središnja noseća stupa, koji se sastoji od jednog konusa integralnog sa gornjim krajem središnjeg stupa spomenutog rezervoara, i konusnog udubljenja integralnog sa dnom središnjeg stupa palubnog elementa. In fact, it can be understood in this way, since the platform is divided into three floating sections equipped with corresponding ballast chambers, or floating chambers, which can be quickly connected to each other by means of connecting ropes that can be activated from a level above the level of sea water, the ease with which it will be possible to carry out the operations of transport, installation, removal and relocation, which operations are further facilitated by the application, according to another aspect of the presented invention, of a self-adjusting system between the mentioned two central supporting columns, which consists of a cone integral with the upper end of the central pillar of the mentioned reservoir, and a conical depression integral with the bottom of the central pillar of the deck element.
Pored toga, pošto je dodir između osnovnog elementa i zakošenog rezervoara ostvaren samo dužinom spomenutih radijalnih žlijebova istog osnovnog elementa, što znači dužinom linija, a ne na velikim površinama, praktično ne dolazi do pojave podpritiska, koja bi u velikoj mjeri otežala, ako ne bi i potpuno spriječila, operaciju uklanjanja stacionarne platforme. In addition, since the contact between the basic element and the beveled reservoir is achieved only by the length of the mentioned radial grooves of the same basic element, which means by the length of the lines, and not on large surfaces, there is practically no occurrence of underpressure, which would make it difficult to a large extent, if not and completely prevented the operation of removing the stationary platform.
Paluba, koja se može sama podizati, može se lako podešavati po visini, tako što će se jednostavno pustiti da klizi dužinom spomenutih zupčastih poluga u njezinom središnjem nosećem stupu. The deck, which is self-elevating, can be easily adjusted in height by simply letting it slide along the length of said toothed bars in its central support column.
S druge strane, specijalan oblik spomenutog rezervoara za skladištenje, koji mu omogućuje da izdrži, čak i kad je prazan, vanjski hidrostatički pritiska, omogućuje da se proizvod skladišti i izvlači, a da se ne mora pribjeći procesu nadopune morskom vodom, pa prema tome nije potrebna primjena velikih i teških postrojenja za preradu zamjenjene vode. Sada se pražnjenje vrši primjenom jednostavnih, vertikalno potopljenih, usisnih pumpi ugrađenih u odgovarajuće vodonepropusne bunare i sistemom za uvođenje nekog inertnog plina u ispražnjene komore, sa jedinim ciljem da se atmosfere sadržane u njima učini neeksplozivnom. On the other hand, the special shape of the mentioned storage tank, which allows it to withstand, even when empty, the external hydrostatic pressure, allows the product to be stored and extracted without having to resort to the process of replenishment with sea water, so it is not the application of large and heavy plants for the processing of replaced water is necessary. Now emptying is done using simple, vertically submerged, suction pumps installed in suitable watertight wells and a system for introducing some inert gas into the emptied chambers, with the sole aim of making the atmosphere contained in them non-explosive.
Uslijed toga postoji mogućnost da se skladište sve vrste proizvoda, bilo u plinskom, bilo u tekućem stanju, a također i vrlo viskozne tekućine. Pored toga, sada se može rukovati i čestičastim proizvodima, koji zahtijevaju kontinualno zagrijavanje ili hlađenje, jer je sada lako moguće, prema jednom posebnom vidu praktičnog izvođenja prikazanog izuma, da se poveže izlazna strana vertikalnih usisnih cijevi sa kanalima kroz koje se proizvodi uvode u rezervoar za skladištenje kroz jedan izmjenjivač topline, tako da se ostvaruje prinudan ciklični protok uskladištenog proizvoda koji se kontinualno zagrijava ili hladi. Pored toga, potpuno odsustvo bilo koje vrste ventila u skladišnim komorama omogućuje da se postigne značajno pojednostavljanje i na konstrukcijskom, i na operativnom nivou, je za vertikalne usisne pumpe i odgovarajuće cijevi više nisu potrebne vodonepropusne komore za osoblje za održavanje, i/ili sredstva za pristup tim ventilima radi održavanja ili zamjene, pošto se te operacije mogu izvoditi neposredno sa nivoa palube. As a result, it is possible to store all types of products, either in gas or liquid state, and also very viscous liquids. In addition, it is now possible to handle particulate products, which require continuous heating or cooling, because it is now easily possible, according to one particular form of practical implementation of the presented invention, to connect the outlet side of the vertical suction pipes to the channels through which the products are introduced into the tank for storage through one heat exchanger, so that a forced cyclic flow of the stored product is realized which is continuously heated or cooled. In addition, the complete absence of any type of valve in the storage chambers allows a significant simplification to be achieved both at the structural and operational level, as vertical suction pumps and corresponding pipes no longer require watertight chambers for maintenance personnel, and/or means for access to these valves for maintenance or replacement, as these operations can be performed directly from deck level.
Višekutaona konstrukcija palube i njezina pogodna opremljenost na svakoj od njezinih strana omogućuje da se jedan ili više brodova može neposredno vezati i utovarivati, pošto se sada vezivanje može izvesti, nezavisno od smjera vjetra i uvjeta na moru, na najpogodnijoj strani palube u funkciji spomenutih uvjeta vremena/mora. Pored toga, jasno je da specijalizirani brodovi više nisu potrebni, pošto se sve vrste brodova mogu vezati bez teškoća. The multi-angled construction of the deck and its convenient equipment on each of its sides enables one or more ships to be directly moored and loaded, since mooring can now be carried out, regardless of wind direction and sea conditions, on the most convenient side of the deck in function of the mentioned weather conditions /must. In addition, it is clear that specialized ships are no longer needed, since all types of ships can be moored without difficulty.
Prema jednom drugom sastavu prikazanog izuma, osigurani su načini za brzo i lako otklanjanje mogućih grešaka u vertikalnom položaju stacionarne platforme, koji se sastoje u diferencijalnom balastiranju osnovnog elementa nakon što bude spojen u čvrstu cjelinu sa zakošenim rezervoarom, djelovanjem na spomenutu grupu plovećih cilindara i na spomenute kutijaste komore izvedene za balastiranje spomenutog osnovnog elementa, kao i, ukoliko bude potrebno, na skladišne komore rezervoara za skladištenje da bi ta dva elementa dobila svoj odgovarajući položaj, kao i u aktiviranju grupe hidrauličnih dizalica ugrađenih unutar upuštenih kućišta namjenski izvedenih na donjem kraju središnjeg nosećeg stupa palubnog elementa, a koje djeluju na gornji kraj središnjeg stupa podvodnog rezervoara kako bi se palubi osigurao pravilan položaj. According to another composition of the presented invention, means are provided for quick and easy elimination of possible errors in the vertical position of the stationary platform, which consist in differential ballasting of the basic element after it is connected into a solid unit with a beveled tank, acting on the aforementioned group of floating cylinders and on the mentioned box chambers designed for ballasting the mentioned basic element, as well as, if necessary, to the storage chambers of the storage tank to get those two elements to their proper position, as well as in the activation of a group of hydraulic cranes installed inside the sunken housings purposely designed at the lower end of the central supporting columns of the deck element, which act on the upper end of the central column of the underwater tank in order to ensure the correct position of the deck.
Pored toga, prema jednoj varijanti prikazanog izuma, posebno pogodnoj u slučaju kada se osnovnom elementu ne može dati perfektno njegov pravilan položaj pomoću naprijed opisanog postupka balastiranja, predviđene su mjere koje omogućuju da samo rezervoar za skladištenje dobije svoj perfektan pravilan položaj. U tom cilju je ovaj rezervoar izveden da bude zakretljiv na spomenutom osnovnom elementu zahvaljujući tome, što mu dno ima sferičan oblik, koji sudjeluje sa odgovarajućim udubljenjem također sferičnog oblika izvedenom na osnovnom elementu pri čemu su područja dodira na spomenutim sferičnim površinama formirana pomoću malih ploča od prstenastih i/ili radijalnih traka od materijala malog koeficijenta trenja i vrlo visokih karakteristika mehaničke jačine i otpornosti na koroziju. Ovo rješenje, ograničavanjem potrebnih operacija brušenja samo na spomenute ploče i/ili trake, daje znatne ekonomske i konstrukcijske prednosti, a posebno, kao što je već rečeno, otklanjanjem svih pojava usisavanja, odnosno vakuuma. In addition, according to one variant of the presented invention, particularly suitable in the case when the basic element cannot be given its perfect correct position by means of the previously described ballasting procedure, measures are provided that allow only the storage tank to obtain its perfect correct position. To this end, this tank is made to be rotatable on the mentioned basic element thanks to the fact that its bottom has a spherical shape, which cooperates with a corresponding recess also of spherical shape made on the basic element, whereby the areas of contact on the mentioned spherical surfaces are formed by means of small plates of ring and/or radial strips made of materials with a low coefficient of friction and very high characteristics of mechanical strength and resistance to corrosion. This solution, by limiting the necessary grinding operations only to the mentioned plates and/or strips, gives considerable economic and constructional advantages, and especially, as already mentioned, by eliminating all phenomena of suction, i.e. vacuum.
Spomenuto zakretanje je dalje određeno i upravljano grupom dizalica integralnih sa osnovnim elementom, a koje radijalno djeluju na rezervoar za skladištenje. The mentioned rotation is further determined and controlled by a group of cranes integral with the base element, which act radially on the storage tank.
Također je jasno da je, da bi se ostvarila ova posljednja vrsta podešavanja položaja, potrebno je da se olabavi spojna užad koja privremeno drži osnovni element i rezervoar spojene jedan sa drugim, kao i da se, ako je potrebno, djelomično isprazne skladišne komore dok masa u njima sadržane vode ne bude dovoljno mala kako bi se omogućilo radijalno pomicanje rezervoara pod djelovanjem dizalica, a zatim, kada se ostvari vertikalno podešavanje, a zatim da se blokiraju te dizalice i da se ponovo zategne užad, kao i da se ponovo potpuno ispune skladišne komore. Svakako da spomenuto dno rezervoara sferičnog oblika može biti bilo ispupčeno, bilo udubljeno, a osnovni element će imati odgovarajući udubljen ili ispupčen, također sferičan oblik. It is also clear that, in order to effect this last type of position adjustment, it is necessary to loosen the connecting ropes which temporarily hold the base element and the reservoir connected to each other, and, if necessary, to partially empty the storage chambers while the mass the water contained in them is not small enough to allow the radial movement of the tank under the action of the cranes, and then, when the vertical adjustment is achieved, then to block those cranes and to retighten the ropes, as well as to completely fill the storage tanks again chambers. Of course, the mentioned bottom of the spherical reservoir can be either convex or concave, and the basic element will have a corresponding concave or convex, also spherical shape.
Na kraju, prema jednom obliku praktičnog izvođenja prikazanog izuma, spomenuta paluba se sastoji od horizontalnog, vodonepropusnog dna i pomicanih vodonepropusnih bokova iznad vode, ili ograda, koje se mogu pomicati ili prevrnuti poslije ugradnje, pri čemu se zaptivni elementi umeću imeđu njih da bi se omogućilo plutanje palube. Finally, according to one form of practical implementation of the presented invention, said deck consists of a horizontal, watertight bottom and movable watertight sides above the water, or fences, which can be moved or overturned after installation, sealing elements being inserted between them to allowed the deck to float.
Postupak za ugradnju takve jedne priobalne stacionarne platforme izrađene od više modularnih elemenata, za neposredno vezivanje i utovarivanje brodova, karakterističan je po tome, što obuhvaća istovremenu izradu u tri suha doka tri plutajuća modularna elementa koji sačinjavaju spomenutu priobalnu stacionarnu platformu, tj. izradu osnovnog elementa, izradu podvodnog rezervoara za skladištenje sa njegovim središnjim nosećim stupom, i sa valobranom koji klizi dužinom spomenutog stupa, i izradu palubnog elementa zajedno sa vodonepropusnim bokovima ili ogradama, opremljenih svom potrebnom opremom i uređajima, kao i središnjim nosećim stupom, dužinom čijih se zupčastih poluga spomenuta paluba može sama podizati pomoću zupčanika, zatim transport, u uvjetima plutanja, spomenutog osnovnog elementa do jednog plićaka i potpuno plivanje njegovih kutijastih komora i djelomično plivanje njegovih plovećih cilindara dok se ne ostvari mali preostali potisak, koji se može lako savladati pomoćnim pontonima pomoću užadi vraćene sa morskog dna na vitlima postavljenim na pontonima, kontrolirano potapanje spomenutog osnovnog elementa djelovanjem na vitla na spomenutim pomoćnim pontonima, do te dubine koja omogućuje da se spomenuti podvodni rezervoar za skladištenje postavi, u uvjetima plutanja, iznad tog osnovnog elementa i poravna sa njime, kontrolirano spajanje ova dva elementa, postignuto djelomičnim plivanjem spomenutog rezervoara, ili podizanjem osnovnog elementa djelovanjem na vitla spomenutih pomoćnih pontona, ili obojici spomenutih djelovanja, kako bi se doveli vertikalni radijalni zidovi rezervoara za skladištenje da uđu u odgovarajuće radijalne žlijebove izvedene na tom osnovnom elementu, sklapanje spomenutih povezanih elemenata zatezanjem jednog privremenog sistema spojne užadi zategnute između elemenata za učvršćivanje postavljenih na osnovnom elementu i privremenih zateznih priključaka postavljenih na središnjem stupu rezervoara, transport u uvjetima plutanja, spomenutih sastavljenih elemenata do krajnjeg mjesta ugradnje i njihovo potapanje kontrolirano pomoćnim pontonima pomoću daljnjeg plivanja rezervoara za skladištenje ili spomenutih plovećih cilindara osnovnog elementa, prodiranje u masu morskog dna donjih krajeva vertikalnih zidova osnovnog elementa, koji se pružaju naniže u odnosu na osnovnu ploču, i istovremeno podešavanje položaja iznad njega sklopljenih elemenata pomoću diferencijalnog balastiranja, čvrstim balastom, spomenutih kutijastih komora i spomenutih plovećih cilindara tog osnovnog elementa i, po želji, plivanjem skladišnih komora spomenutog rezervoara, dok se užad za vezivanje, privremeno pričvršćena na središnjem stupu spomenutog rezervoara za skladištenje, održava na nivou površine pomoću plutača, zatim transport, u uvjetima plutanja, do spomenutog mjesta konačne ugradnje, kompletnog palubnog elementa, čiji je središnji stup potpuno spušten do kraja njegovog hoda, kako bi se povećala plovidbena stabilnost istog elementa, potpuno podizanje, pomoću sistema zupčanika i zupčastih poluga, središnjeg stupa palubnog elementa u blizini rezervoara za skladištenje povezanog sa osnovnim elementom, i postavljanje, u uvjetima plutanja, palubnog elementa vertikalno iznad tog rezervoara pod djelovanjem potiskivača koji djeluju na kutevima palube, kao i pod djelovanjem spomenute užadi za vezivanje aktivirane samozateznim vitlima ugrađenim na samoj palubi, postepeno spuštanje, još uvijek pomoću spomenutog sistema zupčanika i zupčastih poluga, središnjeg stupa palube sve dok protiv-konus spomenutog sistema za samovođenje, ili samopodešavanje, The procedure for the installation of such a single coastal stationary platform made of several modular elements, for direct mooring and loading of ships, is characteristic in that it includes the simultaneous production in three dry docks of three floating modular elements that make up the mentioned coastal stationary platform, i.e. the production of the basic element , the construction of an underwater storage tank with its central support column, and with a breakwater that slides along the length of the said column, and the construction of a deck element together with watertight sides or fences, equipped with all the necessary equipment and devices, as well as a central support column, the length of which toothed levers the said deck can raise itself by means of gears, then transport, in floating conditions, the said basic element to one shoal and the complete swimming of its box chambers and the partial swimming of its floating cylinders until a small residual thrust is produced, which can be easily overcome by auxiliary pontoons but by means of ropes returned from the seabed on winches mounted on pontoons, the controlled submergence of said base element by the action of winches on said auxiliary pontoons, to such a depth as to enable said underwater storage tank to be placed, under buoyant conditions, above said base element and aligned with it, the controlled joining of these two elements, achieved by partially floating said tank, or by raising the base element by acting on the winches of said auxiliary pontoons, or both of said actions, to bring the vertical radial walls of the storage tank to enter the corresponding radial grooves made on that to the basic element, assembly of the mentioned connected elements by tensioning a temporary system of connecting ropes stretched between the fixing elements placed on the basic element and the temporary tensioning connections placed on the central column of the tank, transport in floating conditions, of the mentioned composition floating elements to the final place of installation and their submergence controlled by auxiliary pontoons using the further floating of the storage tank or the aforementioned floating cylinders of the base element, penetration into the mass of the seabed of the lower ends of the vertical walls of the base element, which extend downwards in relation to the base plate, and simultaneous adjustment the position of the assembled elements above it by means of differential ballasting, solid ballast, the said box chambers and the said floating cylinders of that basic element and, if desired, by floating the storage chambers of the said tank, while the lashing ropes, temporarily attached to the central column of the said storage tank, are maintained at surface level by means of buoys, then transport, in floating conditions, to the mentioned place of final installation, of the complete deck element, whose central column is completely lowered to the end of its stroke, in order to increase the navigational stability of the same element, fully raised it, by means of a rack and pinion system, of the central pillar of the deck element near the storage tank connected to the base element, and placing, in floating conditions, the deck element vertically above that tank under the action of pushers acting on the deck corners, as well as under the action of the aforementioned lashing lines actuated by self-tensioning winches installed on the deck itself, gradually lowering, still by means of said system of gears and racks, the center post of the deck until the counter-cone of said system of self-guiding, or self-adjusting,
ne zahvati odgovarajući konus izveden na gornjem kraju spomenutog središnjeg stupa rezervoara za skladištenje, aktiviranje grupe dizalica smještenih unutar njihovih upuštenih kućišta namjenski postavljenih kod donjeg kraja središnjeg stupa palube dok njihove klipne poluge ne nalijegnu na gornji kraj središnjeg stupa rezervoara i zatim kompenziraju eventualnu grešku vertikalnog položaja stupa palube, ubrizgavanje brzovezujućeg betona u zračni procjep, opremljen oblogom koja spriječava sljepljivanje, koji postoji između nasuprot postavljenih središnjih stupova rezervoara i palube, ubrizgavanje specijalne zaptivne smole u zračni procjep koji postoji između odgovarajućih vodonepropusnih bunara stupova rezervoara za skladištenje i palube, zamjena, nakon stvrdnjavanja, privremenog sistema spojne užadi krajnjim sistemom užadi koji se pruža između spomenute grupe elemenata za učvršćivanje postavljenih na osnovnom elementu i spomenute grupe priključaka za zatezanje, koja je, nasuprot prethodnima, postavljena na unutrašnjoj površini gornjeg krajnjeg područja središnjeg stupa palube, koji je iznad nivoa površine mora, razdvajanje spomenute užadi za vezivanje sa središnjeg stupa rezervoara i podizanje palube do krajnje operativne visine pomoću spomenutog sistema zupčanika i zupčastih poluga, kao i zabravljivanje palube pomoću zupčastih blokova za zabravljivanje, uklanjanje spomenutih vodonepropusnih bočnih strana ili ograda sa palube i podizanje sa palube spomenutih valobrana do njihovog unaprijed određenog nivoa, kao i njihovo zabravljivanje na spomenutim zupčastim polugama palubnog stupa pomoću zupčastih blokova za zabravljivanje, povezivanje vertikalnih usisnih pumpi sa uređajima postavljenim na palubi, kao i ugradnja na palubi elastičnih prigušičava udara (bokobrana) za neposredno vezivanje tankera, pražnjenje spomenutih skladišnih komora spomenutog rezervoara za skladištenje da bi se uklonila ulivena voda iz njih, i konačno, odvajanje neiskorištenih plovećih cilindara sa osnovnog elementa, kako bi se ponovo koristili. does not engage the corresponding taper formed at the upper end of the said central post of the storage tank, actuating a group of cranes located within their recessed housings purposely placed at the lower end of the central post of the deck until their piston rods abut the upper end of the central post of the tank and then compensate for any vertical position error deck piers, injecting quick-setting concrete into the air gap, equipped with anti-stick lining, existing between the oppositely placed central columns of the tank and the deck, injecting a special sealing resin into the air gap existing between the respective watertight wells of the storage tank piers and the deck, replacing, after hardening, the temporary connecting rope system with the final rope system that extends between the mentioned group of fastening elements placed on the base element and the mentioned group of tensioning connections, which, in contrast to the previous and, placed on the inner surface of the upper end area of the central post of the deck, which is above the sea level, separating the said mooring ropes from the central pillar of the tank and raising the deck to the final operating height by means of the said system of gears and gear levers, as well as locking the deck by means of gears locking blocks, removing the said watertight sides or railings from the deck and raising from the deck the said breakwaters to their predetermined level, as well as locking them on the said toothed levers of the deck mast by means of toothed locking blocks, connecting the vertical suction pumps to the devices installed on the deck , as well as the installation on the deck of elastic damping shocks (fenders) for the immediate mooring of the tanker, the emptying of the mentioned storage chambers of the mentioned storage tank to remove the water poured from them, and finally, the separation of the unused floating cylinders with o dream element, in order to be used again.
S druge strane, prema jednoj varijanti prikazanog izuma, ovaj sklop osnovnog elementa i zakošenog podvodnog rezervoara za skladištenje, umjesto da se ostvari pomoću jednog privremenog sistema spojne užadi zategnute između elemenata za učvršćivanje postavljenih na osnovni element i privremenih priključaka za zatezanje postavljenih na središnjem stupu rezervoara za skladištenje, pouzdano se postiže pomoću krajnje grupe spojne užadi smještene unutar spomenutih radijalnih, vertikalnih zidova izvedenih na osnovnom elementu i na rezervoaru za skladištenje i zategnute između elemenata za zatezanje izvedenih na osnovnom elementu i vanjskim priključcima za zatezanje izvedenim na rezervoaru. Na odgovarajući način je paluba izvedena kao jedna jedinstvena čvrsta cjelina sa ispod nje postavljenim povezanim i međusobno spojenim elementima pomoću drugog krajnjeg sistema spojne užadi zategnute između elemenata za učvršćivanje izvedenih na unutrašnjoj površini gornjeg krajnjeg dijela središnjeg stupa rezervoara i spomenute grupe priključaka za zatezanje postavljene na središnjem stupu palube, koja je na nivou iznad nivoa morske površine, ili pogodnim zatezanjem spojne užadi smještene unutar zidova spomenutih središnjih stupova. On the other hand, according to one variant of the presented invention, this assembly of the base element and the angled underwater storage tank, instead of being realized by means of a temporary system of connecting ropes tensioned between the fastening elements placed on the base element and the temporary tensioning connections placed on the central column of the tank for storage, is reliably achieved by means of an end group of connecting ropes located within said radial, vertical walls performed on the base element and on the storage tank and tensioned between the tensioning elements performed on the base element and the external tensioning connections performed on the tank. Accordingly, the deck is constructed as a single solid unit with connected and interconnected elements placed below it by means of the second end system of connecting ropes stretched between the fastening elements formed on the inner surface of the upper end part of the central column of the tank and the said group of tensioning connections placed on the central to the deck column, which is at a level above sea level, or by suitable tensioning of the connecting ropes located inside the walls of the mentioned central columns.
Proces za uklanjanje i premještanje priobalne stacionarne platforme prema zahtjevu 1, pri čemu taj proces uklanjanja/premještanja ne osigurava vađenje osnovnog elementa, te stacionarne platforme, očigledno se sastoji od obrnutog redoslijeda operacija izvršenog kod ugradnje te platforme, i karakterističan je, prema prikazanom izumu po tome, što obuhvaća slijedeće glavne stupnjeve: prije svega, pražnjenje skladišnih komora rezervoara za skladištenje i zatim njihovo potpuno ispunjavanje morskom vodom kako bi se taj rezervor pogodno balastirao prije no što spojna užad koja spaja tri modularna elementa platforme bude otkačena, ponovno postavljanje bočnih stranica ili ograda palube, kako bi ta paluba dobila sastav plutanja kada se spusti na vodu nakon što se potope valobrani, vezivanje vezne užadi i razdvajanje spojne užadi i podizanje središnjeg stupa palube, pri čemu sve te operacije omogućuju da se paluba oslobodi, a koja se paluba, nakon što joj se središnji noseći stup potpuno spusti, može da se odvuče do nekog zaklonjenog mjesta, aktiviranjem, pomoću crijeva i električnih vodiča, usisne pumpe rezervoara, sa jednog specijalnog tankera koji može da skladišti naftom zagađenu vodu, koja će se kasnije podvrgnuti procesu obrade vode u nekom postrojenju na kopnu, kako bi se skladišne komore rezervoara ispraznile od vode u količini koja je potrebna da se zadrži preostala masa vode unutar tog rezervoara, koja je dovoljno mala da se ovaj rezervoar može držati vitlima postavljenim na pomoćnim pontonima, kojima će se izvesti kontrolirano podizanje istoga, kao i da se isprazni taj rezervoar u mjeri da može da pluta, tako da se može odvući do nekog plićaka koji je pogodan da se taj rezervoar poveže sa novim osnovnim elementom, na kraju, potpuno pražnjenje balastnih komora rezervoara pomoću vanjskog pumpanja sa nekog pomoćnog broda da bi se ostvarili uvjeti minimalnog gaza, što omogućuje da se ovaj rezervoar spoji sa novim osnovnim elementom. The process for removing and relocating the offshore stationary platform according to claim 1, where this removal/relocation process does not provide for the extraction of the basic element, that stationary platform, obviously consists of the reverse order of operations performed during the installation of that platform, and is characteristic, according to the presented invention of which includes the following main stages: first of all, emptying the storage chambers of the storage tank and then filling them completely with seawater in order to adequately ballast that tank before the connecting ropes connecting the three modular elements of the platform are disconnected, re-installing the sidewalls or deck rail, so that that deck will be in a buoyant composition when lowered into the water after the breakwaters have been submerged, tying the mooring lines and separating the connecting lines, and raising the center mast of the deck, all these operations enabling the deck to be freed, and which deck, after its central support column is completely lowered, m it wants to be towed to some sheltered place, by activating, by means of hoses and electrical conductors, the suction pump of the reservoir, from a special tanker that can store oil-contaminated water, which will later undergo a water treatment process in a plant on land, in order to empty the storage chambers of the tank of water in the amount necessary to keep the remaining mass of water inside that tank, which is small enough to hold this tank by winches placed on auxiliary pontoons, which will carry out a controlled lifting of the same, as well as to empty it that tank to the extent that it can float, so that it can be towed to a suitable shallow to connect that tank to the new basic element, finally, the complete emptying of the ballast chambers of the tank by means of external pumping from some auxiliary ship to achieve the conditions minimum draft, which allows this reservoir to be connected to the new basic element.
Prikazani izum će biti bolje objašnjen sa pozivom na priložene crteže, koji prikazuju jedan preporučljiv oblik praktičnog izvođenja, dan samo kao primjer i bez ograničavanja, jer se tehničke i konstrukcijske varijante uvijek mogu dati, a da se ne odstupi od obima prikazanog izuma. The presented invention will be better explained with reference to the attached drawings, which show one recommended form of practical implementation, given only as an example and without limitation, because technical and construction variants can always be given without deviating from the scope of the presented invention.
Tako, na primjer, umjesto da se za morsko dno veže silom zemljine teže, stacionarna platforma može da se veže za morsko dno pomoću stupova, veznih šipki za sidrenje, sistema sniženog pritiska, ili slično, elementi koji sadržavaju stacionarnu platformu, osim što se izrađuju od konvencionalnog armiranog betona, mogu se izrađivati i od čelika, lakog betona, sendvič ploča od čelika i betona, ili od kompozitnih materijala, i tako dalje, s tim što se stacionarna platforma, pored toga što se koristi za eksploataciju podmorskih naftnih polja, može koristiti kao termoelektrana, kao postrojenje za sagorijevanje smeća, i, konačno, kao idealan nosač industrijskih postrojenja velikog rizika, i, najzad, punjenje skladišnih komora može se vršiti i istiskivanjem uskladištene nafte morskom vodom, očigledno uz uvjet da se osigura postrojenje za prečišćavanje vode. Thus, for example, instead of being anchored to the seabed by the force of the earth's gravity, the stationary platform may be anchored to the seabed by means of columns, tie rods, reduced pressure systems, or the like, elements comprising the stationary platform, except that they are made from conventional reinforced concrete, they can also be made from steel, light concrete, sandwich panels from steel and concrete, or from composite materials, and so on, with the fact that the stationary platform, in addition to being used for the exploitation of submarine oil fields, can be used as a thermal power plant, as a garbage incineration plant, and, finally, as an ideal carrier of high-risk industrial plants, and, finally, the filling of storage chambers can also be done by displacing the stored oil with seawater, obviously with the condition that a water purification plant is provided.
Na spomenutim crtežima: On the mentioned drawings:
- slika 1 prikazuje izgled, djelomično u presjeku, priobalne stacionarne platforme izvedene prema prikazanom izumu, - figure 1 shows the appearance, partially in section, of a coastal stationary platform made according to the presented invention,
- slika 2 predstavlja horizontalnu projekciju stacionarne platforme sa slike 1, - picture 2 represents the horizontal projection of the stationary platform from picture 1,
- slika 3 prikazuje poprečan presjek stacionarne platforme sa slike 1, - Figure 3 shows a cross-section of the stationary platform from Figure 1,
- slika 4 prikazuje poprečni presjek stacionarne platforme dužinom linije A-A na slici 3, - figure 4 shows the cross-section of the stationary platform along the line A-A in figure 3,
- slika 5 prikazuje sličan presjek stacionarne platforme dužinom linije B-B na slici 3, - figure 5 shows a similar section of the stationary platform along the line B-B in figure 3,
- slika 6 prikazuje presjek stacionarne platforme načinjene dužinom linije C-C na slici 3, - figure 6 shows a section of the stationary platform made along the length of the line C-C in figure 3,
- slika 7 prikazuje djelomičan presjek načinjen dužinom linije D-D na slici 6, - figure 7 shows a partial cross-section made along the length of the line D-D in figure 6,
- slika 8 prikazuje, u poprečnom presjeku, stupanj sklapanja osnovnog elementa i rezervoara za skladištenje stacionarne platforme prema jednoj varijanti prikazanog izuma, - figure 8 shows, in a cross-section, the stage of assembly of the basic element and the storage tank of the stationary platform according to one variant of the presented invention,
- slika 9 prikazuje poprečni presjek dužinom linije E-E na slici 8, - figure 9 shows a cross-section along the line E-E in figure 8,
- slika 10 prikazuje pogled sličan onome sa slike 8, jedne druge varijante prikazanog izuma, - figure 10 shows a view similar to that of figure 8, of another variant of the presented invention,
- slika 11 prikazuje, u poprečnom presjeku, stupanj podešavanja položaja rezervoara za skladištenje prema jednoj varijanti izuma, - figure 11 shows, in a cross-section, the degree of adjustment of the position of the storage tank according to one variant of the invention,
- slika 12 prikazuje presjek načinjen dužinom linije F-F na slici 11, - figure 12 shows a section made along the length of the line F-F in figure 11,
- slika 13 prikazuje, u poprečnom presjeku, stupanj podešavanja položaja rezervoara za skladištenje prema jednoj varijanti izuma, - figure 13 shows, in a cross-section, the degree of adjustment of the position of the storage tank according to one variant of the invention,
- slike 14 do 22 prikazuju postupak prema prikazanom izumu za postavljanje priobalne stacionarne platforme, također prema prikazanom izumu, - pictures 14 to 22 show the procedure according to the presented invention for setting up a coastal stationary platform, also according to the presented invention,
- slike 23 do 27 prikazuju postupak za uklanjanje/premještanje prema prikazanom izumu, jedne priobalne stacionarne platforme, također prema prikazanom izumu. - pictures 23 to 27 show the procedure for removing/moving according to the presented invention, one coastal stationary platform, also according to the presented invention.
Prema slikama, pozivnim brojevima 1, 2 i 3 označeni su osnovni element, podvodni rezervoar za skladištenje i paluba, izrađena u tri različita suha doka, označena pozivnim brojevima 4, 5 i 6 (vidjeti slike 14, 15 i 16), koji sačinjavaju tri plutajuća elementa priobalne stacionarne platforme prema prikazanom izumu. According to the figures, reference numbers 1, 2 and 3 denote the base element, the underwater storage tank and the deck, made in three different dry docks, denoted by reference numbers 4, 5 and 6 (see figures 14, 15 and 16), which make up the three floating elements of the coastal stationary platform according to the presented invention.
Osnovni element 1 ima rebrastu osnovnu ploču 7 ukrućenu prstenastim zidovima 8 i radijalnim zidovima 9, koji vrše dvostruku funkciju oslonaca za iznad njih postavljen rezervoar 2, i elemenata za prenošenje opterećenja na morsko dno 10, a zatim povezanim kutijastim, u horizontalnoj projekciji trapezastim, balastnim šupljinama 11. Unutar kutijastih šupljina 12 vanjskog kružnog prstena osnovnog elementa 1, načinjena su sjedišta 13, koja djeluju kao oslonac sjedišta za grupu šupljih, plovećih cilindričnih posuda 14, a u unutrašnjem kružnom području osnovnog elementa 1 postavljena je grupa elemenata 15 za učvršćivanje, kako bi djelovali kao pričvrsne točke za spojnu užad 16. Na gornjem dijelu radijalnih zidova 9 osnovnog elementa 1 izvedeni su radijalni žlijebovi 17 za smještaj vertikalnih, radijalnih zidova 18 iznad njih postavljenog rezervoara 2 za skladištenje. The basic element 1 has a ribbed base plate 7 stiffened by annular walls 8 and radial walls 9, which perform the double function of supports for the reservoir 2 placed above them, and elements for transferring the load to the seabed 10, and then connected box-like, in the horizontal projection, trapezoidal, ballast cavities 11. Inside the box cavities 12 of the outer circular ring of the basic element 1, seats 13 are made, which act as seat supports for a group of hollow, floating cylindrical vessels 14, and in the inner circular area of the basic element 1, a group of elements 15 is placed for fastening, in order to acted as attachment points for the connecting rope 16. On the upper part of the radial walls 9 of the basic element 1, radial grooves 17 were made to accommodate the vertical, radial walls 18 of the reservoir 2 placed above them.
Rezervoar 2 je ljuskasta konstrukcija sa ljuskama 19 oblika zarubljenog konusa i cilindričnim ljuskama 20, međusobno razdvojenim spomenutim vertikalnim zidovima 18, kako bi se oblikovale središnje skladišne komore 21 i periferne balastne komore 22. Zatim se koriste horizontalni zidovi 23 kao strukturni elementi za ukrućivanje kako bi se ograničilo radijalno pomicanje zidova i ljusaka. Na taj način podvodni rezervoar 2 za skladištenje može da izdrži, čak i kad su mu skladišne komore prazne, vanjski hidrostatički pritisak. Rezervoar 2 dalje ima središnji oslonjen stup 24 opremljen, u blizini područja njegovog gornjeg kraja, po njegovoj unutrašnjoj površini, grupom odvojivih priključaka 25 za zatezanje za privremenu spojnu užad 16', kao i vodonepropustljivim bunarima 26 na čijem su dnu smještene vertikalne, potopljene usisne pumpe 27, koje su povezane sa nivoom morske vode pomoću odvodnih kanala 27' za pražnjenje tih skladišnih komora 21, sa kojima su povezani pomoću izlaznih kanal 28. S druge strane, skladišne komore 21 pune se preko dovodnih kanala 29, također smještenih unutar vodonepropusnih bunara 26, koji dovode fluid koji se skladišti do donjeg perifernog kraja tih komora. The tank 2 is a shell structure with shells 19 in the shape of a hemmed cone and cylindrical shells 20, separated from each other by the mentioned vertical walls 18, in order to form the central storage chambers 21 and the peripheral ballast chambers 22. Then the horizontal walls 23 are used as structural stiffening elements to the radial movement of the walls and scales was limited. In this way, the underwater storage tank 2 can withstand external hydrostatic pressure, even when its storage chambers are empty. The tank 2 further has a central support column 24 equipped, near the area of its upper end, on its inner surface, with a group of detachable connections 25 for tensioning for a temporary connection rope 16', as well as watertight wells 26 at the bottom of which vertical, submerged suction pumps are located 27, which are connected to the sea water level by means of drainage channels 27' for emptying those storage chambers 21, with which they are connected by means of outlet channels 28. On the other hand, the storage chambers 21 are filled via supply channels 29, also located inside watertight wells 26 , which bring the fluid that is stored to the lower peripheral end of these chambers.
Pored toga, ovaj središnji stup 24 sudjeluje sa valobranom 30 koji klizi dužinom njega, a kod svog gornjeg kraja opremljen je poprečnom nosećom gredom 31, na kojoj je postavljen konus 32 za vođenje, koji sudjeluje sa odgovarajućim protiv-konusom 33 za vođenje (posebno se skreće pažnja na sliku 7), postavljenim na poprečnu gredu 34 integralnu sa donjim krajem središnje noseće grede 35 trećeg elementa, tj. palube 3 priobalne stacionarne platforme. In addition, this central pillar 24 cooperates with a breakwater 30 that slides along its length, and at its upper end is equipped with a transverse support beam 31, on which a guide cone 32 is placed, which cooperates with a corresponding counter-cone 33 for guidance (especially draws attention to figure 7), placed on the transverse beam 34 integral with the lower end of the central supporting beam 35 of the third element, i.e. deck 3 of the coastal stationary platform.
Paluba 3 se sastoji od horizontalnog, vodonepropustljivog dna 26, višekutaonog oblika, preporučljivo trokutaonog, opremljenog vodonepropustljivim, odvojivim bočnim stranama ili ogradama 37, koji joj daju sposobnost plutanja, premda je popunjena svom opremom i uređajima, kako je zahtjevano, među kojima su modul 38 za boravak osoblja, platforma 39 za slijetanje helikoptera, sobe 42 za podizanje tereta i dizalice 43. Da bi se omogućilo da jedan ili više tankera 44 priđe da bi se neposredno vezao za stacionarnu platformu, i da bi se utovario, paluba 3 je opremljena, na svakoj od strana za vezivanje, sistemom bokobrana pričvršćenih na vertikalne stupove 45, sistemom samozateznih vitala 46, koji omogućuje do pomicanja vezanog broda i zatezanja užadi budu praćeni i kontrolirani, kao i sistemom uvlačivih, samoocjednih, automatski odvojivih konzola 47 za utakanje, koje omogućuju da se brod brzo i pouzdano odveže, pri čemu su sve opasnosti od zagađivanja drastično smanjene. Paluba 3 je na svojim kutovima opremljena propelerima, ili potiskivačima 48 koji se koriste za izvođenje finog postavljanja, a pored toga može da klizi i da se postavi dužinom zupčastih poluga 49, postavljenih u spomenutom središnjem stupu 35 pomoću sistema zupčanika 50, a zatim se može zabraviti u željenom položaju zupčastih blokova 51, koji se sprežu sa zupčastim polugama 49 (posebno pogledati sliku 3). The deck 3 consists of a horizontal, watertight bottom 26, polygonal in shape, preferably triangular, equipped with watertight, detachable sides or fences 37, which give it the ability to float, although it is filled with all the equipment and devices, as required, among which the module 38 for staff accommodation, helicopter landing platform 39, cargo lifting rooms 42 and cranes 43. To allow one or more tankers 44 to approach to directly moor to the stationary platform, and to load, deck 3 is equipped, on each of the mooring sides, a system of fenders attached to vertical posts 45, a system of self-tensioning vitals 46, which allows the movement of the moored ship and the tensioning of the ropes to be monitored and controlled, as well as a system of retractable, self-draining, automatically detachable consoles 47 for threading, which allow that the ship can be unmoored quickly and reliably, while all risks of pollution are drastically reduced. The deck 3 is equipped at its corners with propellers, or pushers 48, which are used to perform a fine setting, and in addition, it can slide and be set along the length of the toothed levers 49, placed in the mentioned central column 35 by means of a gear system 50, and then it can lock in the desired position the toothed blocks 51, which are connected to the toothed levers 49 (see especially picture 3).
Središnji noseći stup 35 opremljen je također, kao i središnji stup 26, ispod njega postavljenog rezervoara 2 za skladištenje, vodonepropusnim bunarima 26' dužinom kojih se pružaju odvodni kanali 27' usisnih pumpi 27, kao i dovodne cijevi 29, kao i sa, na svom donjem kraju, grupom upućenih kućišta 52 unutar kojih su smještene vertikalne dizalice 53, koje se koriste za postavljanje palubnog elementa u njegov pravilan položaj (posebno pogledati slike 6 i 7). U blizini njegovog gornjeg kraja, središnji stup 35 je opremljen grupom nepokretnih priključaka 54 za zatezanje, za zatezanje automatski priključive, brzorastavne spojne užadi 16 koja drži tri elementa priobalne stacionarne platforme međusobno spojene u jednu čvrstu cjelinu. The central support column 35 is also equipped, like the central column 26, with the storage tank 2 placed under it, watertight wells 26' along the length of which extend the drainage channels 27' of the suction pumps 27, as well as the supply pipes 29, as well as with, on its at the lower end, a group of referred housings 52 inside which vertical cranes 53 are located, which are used to place the deck element in its correct position (see especially figures 6 and 7). Near its upper end, the central column 35 is equipped with a group of stationary tensioning ports 54, for tensioning the automatically connectable, quick-disconnect connecting ropes 16 which hold the three elements of the offshore stationary platform together in one rigid unit.
Na kraju, izvedene su nasuprotne površine središnjih nosećih stupova 24 i 35, kao i njihovih vodonepropusnih bunara 26 i 26', kružni žlijebovi 55 i 56 (posebno pogledati slike 6 i 7), kako bi prihvatile brzovezujući beton, sadržan u omotaču 431 protiv sljepljivanja, pogodan za osiguravanje konstrukcijskog kontinuiteta između dva stupa, kao i specijalnu smolu koja se koristi da bi se ostvarila vodonepropustljivost između vodonepropusnih bunara oba stupa. Finally, the opposite surfaces of the central support columns 24 and 35, as well as their watertight wells 26 and 26', circular grooves 55 and 56 (see particularly Figures 6 and 7) are provided to receive the quick-setting concrete, contained in the anti-caking jacket 431 , suitable for ensuring structural continuity between the two columns, as well as a special resin used to achieve watertightness between the watertight wells of both columns.
Prema jednom sastavu prikazanog izuma, recirkuliranje i zagrijavanje, ili hlađenje, uskladištenog proizvoda omogućeno je jednostavnim povezivanjem, na palubi, odvodnog kanala 27' vertikalne usisne pumpe 27 vertikalne usisne pumpe sa dovodnim kanalom 29 kroz izmjenjivače 57 topline. According to one composition of the presented invention, recirculation and heating, or cooling, of the stored product is made possible by simply connecting, on the deck, the drain channel 27' of the vertical suction pump 27 of the vertical suction pump with the supply channel 29 through heat exchangers 57.
Na kraju, prema slikama, pozivni broj 58 ukazuje na cijevne obloge bušaćih garnitura, vođene pogodnim horizontalnim rešetkama 59 (vidjeti sliku 3), pod uvjetom slobodnog oslanjanja dužinom njihovih vanjskih obodnih zidova, tako da se mogu kompenzirati greške kod sklapanja platforme, pri čemu se bušaće garniture drže na planiranom međusobnom rastojanju i u vertikalnom položaju, pri čemu pozivni broj 72 ukazuje na čamce za spasavanje kojima je opremljena paluba 3, dok su pozivnim brojem 77 označeni poklopci bunara. Finally, according to the figures, the reference number 58 indicates the pipe liners of the drilling rigs, guided by suitable horizontal bars 59 (see figure 3), under the condition of free support along the length of their outer peripheral walls, so that mistakes can be compensated during the assembly of the platform, whereby the drilling rigs are kept at the planned distance from each other and in a vertical position, with the reference number 72 indicating the lifeboats equipped on deck 3, while the reference number 77 indicates the well covers.
Prema jednoj varijanti prikazanog izuma, prikazanoj na slikama 8 i 9, osnovni element 1 i podvodni rezervoar 2 za skladištenje priobalne stacionarne platforme, umjesto da su međusobno povezani grupom privremene spojne užadi 16', povezani su, na krajnji način, pomoću jednog sistema automatski zahvatljive, brzorastavne užadi 60 smještene unutar vertikalnih radijalnih zidova 18 i 9 izvedenih na rezervoaru 2 za skladištenje i na osnovnom elementu 1 i zategnute između elemenata 61 za učvršćivanje, izvedenih na osnovnom elementu 1 i vanjskih priključaka 62 za zatezanje izvedenih na rezervoaru 2. Sa spomenuta dva dijela paluba je integrirana pomoću drugog krajnjeg sistema spojne užadi 16, u ovom slučaju zategnutog između elemenata 25' za učvršćivanje, izvedenih na vanjskoj površini gornjeg kraja središnjeg tupa rezervoara 2 i spomenute grupe priključaka 54 za zatezanje ostvarenih na palubi 3. According to one variant of the presented invention, shown in Figures 8 and 9, the basic element 1 and the underwater tank 2 for the storage of the coastal stationary platform, instead of being connected to each other by a group of temporary connecting ropes 16', are connected, in the final way, by means of a system of automatically engaging , quick-detachable ropes 60 placed inside the vertical radial walls 18 and 9 formed on the storage tank 2 and on the base element 1 and tensioned between the fastening elements 61 formed on the base element 1 and the external tensioning connections 62 formed on the reservoir 2. With the mentioned two part of the deck is integrated by means of the second end system of connecting ropes 16, in this case tensioned between the elements 25' for fastening, carried out on the outer surface of the upper end of the central blunt tank 2 and the mentioned group of connections 54 for tensioning realized on the deck 3.
Prema jednoj drugoj varijanti prikazanog izuma, kako je prikazano na slici 10, spomenuta spojna užad 16 smještena je, zajedno sa svojim elementima 25' za pričvršćivanje, unutar zidova središnjih nosećih stupova 24 i 35, rezervoara 2 i palube 3. According to another variant of the present invention, as shown in Figure 10, said connecting rope 16 is placed, together with its fastening elements 25', inside the walls of the central support columns 24 and 35, the tank 2 and the deck 3.
Na slikama 11 i 12 prikazan je jedan oblik praktičnog izvođenja prikazanog izuma, prema kojem je rezervoar 2 zakretan na osnovnom elementu 1, nakon što se privremena spojna užad 16', koja drži dva međusobno spojena elementa, olabavi, a rezervoar 2 eventualno djelomično isprazni, zahvaljujući njegovom dnu 63 koji ima konveksni sferični oblik, a koji sudjeluje sa odgovarajuće konkavnom površinom 64, također sferičnog oblika, izvedenom na osnovnom elementu 1. Figures 11 and 12 show one form of practical implementation of the presented invention, according to which the reservoir 2 is pivoted on the basic element 1, after the temporary connecting rope 16', which holds the two interconnected elements, is loosened, and the reservoir 2 is eventually partially emptied, thanks to its bottom 63, which has a convex spherical shape, and which participates with the corresponding concave surface 64, also spherical, performed on the basic element 1.
Spomenuto zakretanje, koje omogućuje da cijela konstrukcija dobije propisan vertikalan položaj, upravlja sa grupom dizalica 65 integralnih sa osnovnim elementom 1, a koje aktivno djeluju na taj rezervoar 2 za skladištenje. Said rotation, which allows the entire structure to obtain a prescribed vertical position, controls a group of cranes 65 integral with the basic element 1, which actively act on that reservoir 2 for storage.
Na slici 13 prikazana je situacija, koja je analogna situaciji prikazanoj na slici 11, sa jedinom razlikom što dno 63 rezervoara ima konkavan sferični oblik, tako da sudjeluju sa ispupčenjem 64, također sferičnog oblika, izvedenom na osnovnom elementu 1. Figure 13 shows a situation, which is analogous to the situation shown in Figure 11, with the only difference that the bottom 63 of the reservoir has a concave spherical shape, so that it interacts with the protrusion 64, also spherical in shape, performed on the basic element 1.
Postupak za postavljanje priobalne stacionarne platforme prema prikazanom izumu, kako je prikazan na priloženim crtežima od 14 do 22, obuhvaća istovremenu gradnju u različitim suhim dokovima 4, 5 i 6 osnovnog elementa 1 (slika 14), podvodnog rezervoara 2 za skladištenje sa njegovim središnjim nosećim stupom 24 i valobranima 30 (slika 15) i kompletnog palubnog elementa 3 sa njegovim središnjim stupom u krajnjem podignutom položaju, i kompletiranog sa ugrađenim vodonepropusnim bočnim stranama ili ogradama 37, a atim transport, u uvjetima plutanja, spomenutog osnovnog elementa 1 i rezervoara 2 do jednog plićaka, kako bi se međusobno sklopili. The procedure for setting up a coastal stationary platform according to the presented invention, as shown in the attached drawings from 14 to 22, includes the simultaneous construction in different dry docks 4, 5 and 6 of the basic element 1 (Fig. 14), the underwater storage tank 2 with its central support pillar 24 and breakwaters 30 (Fig. 15) and the complete deck element 3 with its central pillar in the most raised position, and complete with built-in watertight sides or fences 37, and thus transport, in floating conditions, the mentioned basic element 1 and tank 2 to one shoal, in order to close with each other.
Ovo sklapanje se izvodi pogodnim potapanjem osnovnog elementa 1 plivanjem njegovih plovećih cilindara, i povlačenjem užadi 64 pomoću vitala ugrađenih na pomoćnim pontonima 67 i vraćenih preko povratnih koturova 68 ugrađenih na morskom dnu 10, naniže do tog nivoa da se omogući podvodnom rezervoaru 2 za skladištenjem da se postavi naniže do tog nivoa da se omogući podvodnom rezervoaru 2 za skladištenje da se postavi, u uvjetima plutanja, iznad istog (slika 17), poslije čega se rezervoar plavi, a osnovni element se istovremeno podiže, pri čemu se sistem privremene užadi 16' konačno uvodi između elemenata 15 za učvršćivanje, izvedenih na osnovnom elementu 1 i privremenih priključaka 25 za zatezanje izvedenih na rezervoaru 2 (vidjeti sliku 18). This assembly is effected by conveniently submerging the base element 1 by swimming its floating cylinders, and pulling the cables 64 by means of vitals mounted on auxiliary pontoons 67 and returned via return pulleys 68 mounted on the seabed 10, down to such a level as to allow the underwater storage tank 2 to is set down to such a level as to allow the underwater storage tank 2 to be placed, in floating conditions, above it (Fig. 17), after which the tank is floated and the base element is simultaneously raised, whereby the system of temporary ropes 16' finally introduces between the elements 15 for strengthening, carried out on the basic element 1 and the temporary connections 25 for tightening carried out on the tank 2 (see figure 18).
Sklopljena cjelina koja se sastoji od osnovnog elementa i rezervoara za skladištenje prenosi se, u uvjetima plutanja, do mjesta njezine ugradnje, gdje se potapa pod kontrolom pomoćnih pontona 67, a pomoću užadi 66 (vidjeti sliku 18), a vezna užad 69 je zakačena za stup 24 rezervoara 2, pri čemu se ova užad održava na površini mora pomoću plutača 70. Palubni element 3 se transportira u uvjetima plutanja pomoću remorkera 71, pri čemu mu je središnji stup 35 potpuno spušten do krajnjeg donjeg položaja, kako bi se povećala plovidbena stabilnost tog elementa (slika 19), a u blizini sklopljene cjeline koju čine osnovni element i rezervoar za skladištenje, spomenuti središnji stup se potpuno podiže, a paluba se postavlja, i dalje u uvjetima plutanja, vertikalno iznad spomenutog sklopa pod djelovanjem potiskivača 48 (slika 20), dok se vezna užad 69 aktivira samozateznim vitlima 46 ugrađenim na palubi 3. Zatim se središnji stup 35 palube 3 postepeno spušta sve dok njegov protiv-konus 33 (slika 3) ne zahvati konus 32 rezervoara 2 (slika 21). The assembled unit, which consists of the basic element and the storage tank, is transported, in floating conditions, to the place of its installation, where it is submerged under the control of auxiliary pontoons 67, and with the help of ropes 66 (see Figure 18), and the connecting rope 69 is attached to pillar 24 of tank 2, whereby this rope is maintained on the surface of the sea by means of a buoy 70. Deck element 3 is transported in floating conditions by means of a tugboat 71, whereby its central pillar 35 is completely lowered to the bottommost position, in order to increase navigational stability of that element (Fig. 19), and near the assembled unit consisting of the basic element and the storage tank, the mentioned central column is completely raised, and the deck is placed, still in floating conditions, vertically above the mentioned assembly under the action of the thruster 48 (Fig. 20) , while the connecting rope 69 is activated by the self-tensioning winches 46 installed on deck 3. Then the central column 35 of deck 3 is gradually lowered until its counter-cone 33 (Fig. 3) it does not touch the cone 32 of tank 2 (picture 21).
Zatim se obavljaju slijedeće operacije: položaj palube se pravilno podešava djelovanjem na dizalice 53 za podešavanje položaja, procjepi između središnjih stupova i vodonepropusnih bunara ispunjavaju se betonom, i vrši se konačno sklapanje pomoću sistema spojne užadi 16 zategnute između elemenata 15 za učvršćivanje izvedenih na osnovnom elementu 1, i priključaka 54 za zatezanje ugrađenih na palubi 3 (slika 21). Najzad, uklanja se vezna užad 69, paluba 3 se podiže do željene visine dužinom zupčastih poluga 49 središnjeg stupa 35, bočne strane 37 palube se uklanjaju, valobrani 30 se podižu na željenu visinu, bokobrani 45 se postavljaju na palubu 3 i pumpe se propisno povezuju (slika 22). The following operations are then carried out: the position of the deck is properly adjusted by acting on the cranes 53 for adjusting the position, the gaps between the central pillars and the watertight wells are filled with concrete, and the final assembly is carried out using a system of connecting ropes 16 stretched between the fixing elements 15 carried out on the base element 1, and connections 54 for tightening installed on deck 3 (Figure 21). Finally, the connecting rope 69 is removed, the deck 3 is raised to the desired height by the length of the toothed levers 49 of the central column 35, the sides 37 of the deck are removed, the breakwaters 30 are raised to the desired height, the fenders 45 are placed on deck 3 and the pumps are properly connected (picture 22).
S druge strane, postupak uklanjanja priobalne stacionarne platforme prema prikazanom izumu, prikazan je na priloženim slikama 23 do 27, i sastoji se od slijedećih glavnih stupenjeva: vodonepropusne bočne stranice 37 ponovo se postavljaju na palubu 3, valobrani 30 i paluba 3 se spuštaju, vezna užad 69 se zakačuje, spojna užad 16 se odvaja, a središnji stup 35 palube 3 se podiže i odvaja od konusa 32 za vođenje (slika 23), remorkerima 71 paluba 3 se tegli do neke zaštićene zone, pri čemu je njezin središnji stup 35 spušten u krajnji donji položaj da bi palubi osigurao poveću stabilnost (slika 24), voda zagađena naftom uklanja se iz rezervoara 2 za skladištenje i odvodi se u tanker 73 pomoću crijeva povezanih sa usisnim pumpama 27, a rezervoar se podiže pomoću užadi 46 pokretane vitlima pomoćnih pontona 67 (slika 25), rezervoar 2 za skladištenje se tegli pomoću remorkera 71 do nekog plićaka (slika 26) i rezervoar se potpuno prazni pomoću vanjskih pumpi 75 aktiviranih sa jednog pomoćnog broda 76 kako bi se uspostavili uvjeti minimalnog gaza, što je neophodno da bi se omogućilo da se rezervoar zatim spoji sa novim osnovnim elementom prema istim modalitetima kao što su naprijed prikazani za premještanje priobalne stacionarne platforme na drugo mjesto. On the other hand, the procedure for removing the coastal stationary platform according to the presented invention is shown in the attached figures 23 to 27, and consists of the following main stages: the watertight side panels 37 are placed again on the deck 3, the breakwaters 30 and the deck 3 are lowered, the the rope 69 is hooked, the connecting rope 16 is separated, and the central mast 35 of deck 3 is raised and separated from the guide cone 32 (Fig. 23), with tugs 71 deck 3 is towed to some protected zone, with its central mast 35 being lowered in the lowermost position to provide greater stability to the deck (Fig. 24), the oil-contaminated water is removed from the storage tank 2 and drained into the tanker 73 by means of hoses connected to the suction pumps 27, and the tank is raised by means of ropes 46 driven by the winches of the auxiliary pontoons 67 (Fig. 25), the storage tank 2 is towed by tugboat 71 to some shallow water (Fig. 26) and the tank is completely emptied by means of external pumps 75 activated from one auxiliary no. oda 76 in order to establish minimum draft conditions, which is necessary to allow the reservoir to then be connected to the new base element according to the same modalities as shown above for the relocation of the offshore stationary platform to another location.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT8920188A IT1230186B (en) | 1989-04-18 | 1989-04-18 | Marine oil prodn. platform or modular construction |
| YU75390A YU75390A (en) | 1989-04-18 | 1990-04-17 | COASTAL STATIONARY PLATFORM MADE OF MULTIPULAR MODULAR ELEMENTS FOR STORAGE OF PRODUCTS AND FOR DIRECT BINDING AND LOADING OF SHIPS AND PROCEDURE FOR INSTALLATION, INSERT AND MOVEMENT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP921293A2 true HRP921293A2 (en) | 1995-04-30 |
Family
ID=26327433
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR921293A HRP921293A2 (en) | 1989-04-18 | 1992-11-17 | Coastal stationary platform, made of several modular ents, suitable for product storage, for the direct ing and loading of vessels and a process for alling, removing and relocating the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| HR (1) | HRP921293A2 (en) |
-
1992
- 1992-11-17 HR HR921293A patent/HRP921293A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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