HRP20201648A1 - Method and technology for deep pressing in of sludge from wastewater and waste treatment devices and for permanent disposal of grounded waste, procedure for deep pressing in of waste and wellbore equipment for deep waste impression procedure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and technology for deep sludge injection from wastewater and waste treatment plants and for the permanent disposal of shredded waste, a deep waste injection process and well equipment for a deep waste injection process. The mentioned method and technology enable permanent simultaneous disposal of liquid and slurry waste by injection into geologically suitable formations. Types of waste that are suitable for such disposal are waste that can be transported by pumping, ie under pressure, such as waste generated during processing and production of mineral resources, waste generated by oil refining and gas refining, waste generated in inorganic and organic chemical processes, wastes from thermal processes, waste oils, fats and wastes from liquid fuels, wastes collected from waste management buildings, waste treatment plants and wastewater treatment plants (sludges). The equipment of the well for the process of deep injection of waste includes a well head (120) and three columns of protective pipes (112,114,116) on which perforations (118) are performed. The indentation intervals (104,106,108) are located at different depths in the borehole (100) so that the first indentation interval (104) is the shallowest, the second indentation interval (106) is between the first and third indentation intervals, and the third indentation interval 108) is the deepest in the zone of uncased well channel (130). The present invention discloses a method and technology for deep pressing in sludge from wastewater and waste treatment devices and for permanent disposal of grounded waste, process for deep pressing in waste and wellbore equipment for waste deep pressing in process. The specified method and technology enable permanent simultaneous disposal of liquid and slurry waste by pressing it into geologically suitable formations. Types of waste that are suitable for such disposal are waste that can be transported by pumping, i.e. under pressure, such as waste generated during processing and production of mineral resources, waste generated by oil refining and gas refining, waste generated in inorganic and organic chemical processes, wastes from thermal processes, waste oils, fats and wastes from liquid fuels, wastes collected from waste management buildings, waste treatment plants and wastewater (sludge) treatment devices. The equipment of the wellbore for the process of deep pressing in waste includes a wellbore head (120) and three columns of protective pipes (112,114,116) on which perforations (118) are performed. The pressing-in-intervals (104,106,108) are located at different depths in the wellbore (100) so that the first pressing-in-interval (104) is the shallowest, the second pressing-in-interval (106) is between the first and third pressing-in-interval, and the third pressing-in-interval (108) is the deepest in the zone of the unpiped wellbore channel (130).

Description

Technical field to which the invention relates

This invention relates to the field of methods, systems and procedures for the permanent disposal of sludge from sewage treatment plants, waste, shredded waste by pumping it with pumps in liquid or slurry form into deep wells, depleted salt deposits, natural cavities or generally deep underground. Also, this invention relates to well equipment for the process of deep compaction of waste.

Technical problem

Disposing of waste in liquid form underground using the technology of pressing into deep wells began to develop in the thirties of the last century. Also, at the same time, the injection of water or another fluid into the production formation was started in order to maintain the pressure in the hydrocarbon reservoirs. In the Republic of Croatia, disposal of waste generated in the process of exploration, drilling, production, processing and distribution of hydrocarbons by injection into negative exploratory or exhausted production wells in practice began in the 90s of the last century. The technology that is used for pressing into the underground is limited in that only the liquid component is pressed, while the solid part of the waste is solidified by mixing it with lime, and then it is deposited at the location of the well in existing leaching pits or specially built landfills. Such an approach to the disposal of solid waste represents a temporary solution because there is a possibility that after a long time under the influence of atmospheric conditions, the structure of the solidified will break down, so the waste can endanger the drinking water aquifer. This problem is not present only in the oil industry, but similar problems have also been observed in other industries that dispose of the generated waste temporarily and in an environmentally inappropriate way (for example, sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants, sediments from tanks in the chemical industry, oily soil, construction waste and similar.).

The inventor was engaged in consideration and practical experiments on how to achieve that both the liquid and solid components of the generated waste are pressed into an underground well or other geologically suitable formation at the same time, and in this invention the system by means of which such a procedure is carried out, as well as the procedure itself and the equipment of the well, is presented for the application of the process of deep compaction of waste. Through practical research, the inventor determined that the liquid and solid waste injection method presented here can be applied to both negative exploratory and exhausted production wells, but with the prerequisite of meeting certain technical criteria for waste acceptance.

The waste compaction method presented here is a safe, effective and highly environmentally friendly waste disposal process.

The next problem solved by the inventor is the issue of improper disposal of waste by dumping it on the surface, considering that with this invention, all generated waste, which must first be crushed and mixed with certain additives, is converted into a liquid waste, i.e. a slurpy state, so that once the waste is pressed into the underground geological formations it remains permanently stored in the closed fissure and pore space of the rock outside the biosphere.

A further problem solved by the inventor is that at the same facility, waste can be disposed of in a formation with natural cracks or artificially created cracks.

A further problem solved by this invention is that it is possible to dispose of liquid waste without solid particles in one geological formation, and liquid waste with solid particles in another geological formation.

Also, this invention solves the problem of finding a cheaper method of compacting waste compared to existing methods of compaction, given that the invention presented here makes it possible to dispose of larger amounts of waste through one well channel, which significantly affects the profitability of the waste disposal process.

State of the art

Embedding waste underground is disclosed in the following patent documents: U.S. Pat. Pat. No. 3,108,439, REYNOLDS et al.; 3,262,274, NELSON, Jr.; 3,292,693, HILL et al.; 3,331,206, OSBORNE; 3,335,798, QUERIO et al.; 3,374,633, BRANDT; 3,513,100, STOGNER; 3,852,967, STEWART et al.; 3,576,513 LINDERHOFFER and others; 4,787,452, JENNINGS, JR.; 4,828,030, JENNINGS, JR.; 4,906,135, BRASSOW et al.; 4,942,929, MALACHOSKY et al.; 5,108,226, JENNINGS; 5,109,933, JACKSON; 5,129,469 JACKSON; 5,133,624, CAHILL and 5,191,157, CROCKER. In these patent documents, waste disposal techniques are presented, which include drilling into suitable geological formations and then injecting different materials that are permanently disposed of in such a well. Materials include radioactive liquids or sludges, and other liquids and gases.

However, none of these patent documents contain the system and procedure as set forth in this invention, which is to simultaneously deposit liquid waste without solid particles in one geological formation, and liquid waste with solid particles in another geological formation.

Brief content of the essence of the invention

The invention presented here relates to the permanent simultaneous disposal of liquid and pulpy waste by pressing it into suitable geological formations. Types of waste that are suitable for such disposal are wastes that can be transported by pumping, i.e. under pressure, such as wastes generated during the processing and production of mineral raw materials, wastes generated by oil refining and gas purification processes, wastes generated in inorganic and organic chemical processes, waste from thermal processes, waste oils, fats and waste from liquid fuels, waste collected from waste management buildings, waste processing plants and waste water treatment plants (sludges). Of course, these wastes must be previously conditioned and specially processed before they can be pressed into deep geological formations. The process of selecting a geological formation is based on the increased porosity and permeability of the formation, the existence of natural cracks of larger or smaller scales, the impermeability of the floor and roof of the geological formation, sufficient distance below water protection zones and vertical faults. At the same time, the embedded waste remains permanently disposed of in a closed fissure and pore space of the rock outside the biosphere, in contrast to the current method of disposal on the surface.

The first step in the preparation of waste for pressing is that different types of liquid and solid waste are crushed in special mills into particles up to 400 microns in size and mixed with clay and water. The best results were achieved when mixed with bentonite suspension as a carrier liquid component, mixed into a slurry, which is then pressed into a suitable geological formation with a high-pressure pump. It is usually a five to six percent bentonite suspension, but good results are also achieved with a 10% bentonite suspension. For some wastes, it is enough just to mix with water in order to achieve a liquid mixture, which is then pressed into different hydrodynamic units through a single or double pressing series of tubing.

The fundamental difference compared to the technology known so far in the world consists in the fact that the previously prepared slurry, composed of solid particles of waste (sludge, sediment, debris) and bentonite suspension as a liquid phase, can be pressed:

1. through tubing into a deeper geological formation covered or not covered with protective pipes, and if necessary simultaneously in

2. shallower geological formations through embedded tubing and perforations of two or more columns of protective pipes into other hydrodynamic units.

The method makes it possible to select, according to different types of waste, a formation whose geological and physical characteristics are suitable for the disposal of a particular type of waste with regard to layer and hydrostatic pressure.

According to the regulations of the US Environmental Protection Agency, wells for immersion are divided into six classes. For each class, the type of waste that can be stamped is determined:

Class I - pressing municipal or industrial waste (including hazardous waste) under the deepest zones of underground sources of drinking water (aquifer),

Class II - pressing waste from oil and gas exploration and production,

Class III - injection of fluid in the process of extracting mineral raw materials or energy,

Class IV - injection of hazardous or radioactive waste into/or above underground sources of drinking water

Class V - all other injection wells not previously mentioned, through which fluids are injected into/or above the zones of underground sources of drinking water and

Class VI – boreholes for injection and disposal of carbon dioxide

Today's state of the art makes it possible to dispose of waste within the same well of a suitable geological formation in a formation with natural cracks or artificially created cracks by hydraulic fracturing. With regard to the mentioned possibilities of disposal of waste by compaction, it is possible to dispose of liquid waste without solid particles in one geological formation, and liquid waste with solid particles in another geological formation. Compared to other similar methods, the method enables disposal of larger amounts of waste through one well channel, which significantly affects the profitability of the process.

The method of slurry waste disposal presented here consists in grinding the solid component of the waste to a maximum particle size of about 400 microns, and by mixing it with a 5-6% bentonite suspension, a slurry is prepared, which is forced through high-pressure pumps through the built-in pressing equipment into a deep exploratory or exhausted production well, into suitable geological formations. An important part of this method is the selection of a geologically suitable formation and a technically correct well channel, since the effectiveness of this method depends on this. The geological formation is selected on the basis of accepted geological-physical criteria and standards, where special attention is focused on: porosity and permeability of the reservoir rock, pore pressure and fracturing pressure, microtectonics of the rock, saturation with layer fluid, impermeability of the reservoir floor and roof, distance of vertical faults from injection wells, propagation of faults in the vertical direction, satisfactory distance of the injection zone from the bottom of the aquifer, lithological composition of the rock in which the waste is deposited, as well as other physical-stratigraphic characteristics of the formation. The method of disposal of technological waste through single and/or double impression equipment allows waste to be simultaneously disposed of in a formation that is not covered with protective pipes, then in a formation covered with protective pipes, through the perforations of several columns of protective pipes such as. At the same time, the waste is deposited in natural microcracks, or in artificially created rock cracks. Likewise, where there are no natural microcracks or, due to technological and other reasons, waste disposal is not carried out with the simultaneous fracture of the formation, waste is also deposited in a formation with high permeability and porosity.

Brief description of the drawing

Figure 1. Presentation of the method and technology for deep compaction of sludge from waste water and waste treatment plants and for the permanent disposal of shredded waste by compaction into a geologically suitable formation

Figure 2. View of a well equipped with a series of tubing for pushing waste into a geologically suitable formation

Figure 3. Schematic representation of the process of pressing waste slurry with solid particles

List of used call signs

100 wells

102 -lithological column

104-first interval for embossing

106-second interval for embossing

108-third interval for embossing

110 - well mouth

112-external column of protective pipes

114-intermediate column of protective pipes

116-internal column of protective tubes

118-perforations of protective pipes

120- drill head

130 - section of unsealed well channel

132-longer tubing string

134-shorter tubing string

136 - upper parker

138 – lower parker

140 - ring space

150-manometer

200-large waste storage

220-conveyor belt

225-bulky waste

230-mill for crushing and pulverizing waste

240-fine particles of waste

242 – container for small waste particles

244-slurry container (water mixed with small waste particles)

246 – mixer

248-circulation pump

250-slurry pump (mixture with small waste particles)

252-slurry tank for pressing

254-container with chemicals and additives

256-pump for chemicals

260-high pressure pump

262-valve

270-PLC

272-control panel

280-container for liquid waste

290 – high-pressure pipeline

292-low-pressure pipeline

294-connection to the liquid waste injection pipe

296-connection to the pipe for pressing the liquid mixture of small waste particles

800- injection of clean water into the tubing;

802- formation break initiation;

804- pressing of the precursor with a large flow with clean water;

806- gradual increase in the level of solid particles to the required concentration;

808- continuation of the pressing operation with fracturing at average pressing pressure for 6-12 hours at flow rates of 0.8 – 1.5 m3/min;

810- gradual reduction of the concentration of solid particles to zero and continuation of pressing in the deposit of 5-25 m3 of clean water;

812- well closure and pressure registration;

814- analysis of the current pressure of the stop of embossing;

816- fracture closure pressure analysis;

818- evaluation of the gradual pressure drop according to the values of the nearby fields in order to determine the development of the response of the formation i

820- checking the behavior of the indentation formation in order to repeat the indentation process with fracturing after a sufficient time

822- completion of the procedure

A detailed description of at least one way of realizing the invention

The well equipment for the process of deep compaction of waste contains a well head 120 and three columns of protective pipes 112,114,116 on which perforations 118 are made, namely an inner column of protective pipes 116, an intermediate column of protective pipes 114 and an outer column of protective pipes 112 which are connected to the well head 120 and which are placed in the wellbore channel 100 with multiple indentation intervals 104, 106, 108 and an unlined wellbore section 130. Indentation intervals 104, 106, 108 are located at different depths in the wellbore 100 such that the first indentation interval 104 is the shallowest, the second indentation interval 106 is between the first and the third indentation interval, and the third indentation interval 108 is the deepest in the zone of the unhealed well channel 130. The protective pipe columns 112, 114, 116 are laid in such a way that the inner column of the indentation pipes 116 is of the smallest diameter and does not reach the deepest third indentation interval 108. The inner column of protective pipes 116 is located dia elom inside the intermediate column of protective tubes 114 which is larger in diameter than the inner column of protective tubes 116, but it is shorter and reaches only above the second interval for pressing 106 and the outer column of protective tubes 112 is of the largest diameter and inside it there are concentrically located inner columns of protective pipes 116 and intermediate column of protective pipes 114. The depth of laying the outer column of protective pipes 112 reaches below the first interval for pressing in 104. The well equipment further consists of two rows of tubing 132, 134, one of which is a longer row of tubing 132, and the other is a shorter row of tubing 134 placed inside the inner column of protective tubes 116, and further contains an upper parker 136 and a lower parker 138 placed inside the inner column of protective tubes 116 so that the upper parker 136 is immediately above the second interval for pressing 104. Through the upper parker 136 both sets of tubing 132,134 pass. The lower parker 138 is immediately below the second compression interval 104 and only the longer string of tubing 134 passes through it, which extends beyond the inner casing string 116 until the third compression interval 108 in the section zone of the uncased well channel 130. When the waste is pushed through the shorter string tubing 134 can spread within the inner column of protective tubes 116 through the perforations of the protective tube 118 only into the space of the second pressing interval 106 because the parkers 136,138 prevent it from spreading upwards or downwards within the inner column of protective tubes 116. When the waste is pressed through a longer series tubing 132 extends into the space of the third interval for pressing 108. Normally, parkers 136,138 are made in the form of a rubber balloon into which inert gas can be pumped under pressure. The inert gas is very often nitrogen.

Figure 2 shows a borehole 100 with an associated lithological column 102 and three different indentation intervals 104, 106, 108 that have previously been determined to be suitable for disposal of a particular type of waste by indentation as set forth in the present invention.

The borehole 100 in the version shown here is sealed with three columns of protective pipes, namely the outer column of protective pipes 112, the intermediate column of protective pipes 114 and the inner column of protective pipes 116. The structure of the well 100 itself consists of three columns of protective pipes 112,114, 116 and a section of the unsealed well channel 130 A wellhead 120 is installed at the mouth of the well 110. The casing strings 112,114,116 are perforated 118 to reveal the formations in the indentation intervals 104,106,108.

In the borehole 100, a double pressing series of tubing 132,134 of different lengths is installed, so that the longer series of tubing 132 is suitable for pressing into deeper layers, and the shorter series of tubing 134 is suitable for pressing into shallower formations. In the well 100, two parkers are installed, the upper parker 136 and the lower parker 138, which have the function of isolating the impression zones (intervals for impression) 104, 106, 108.

Previously prepared slurry or sludge composed of solid waste particles is pressed through one of the installed tubings 132 or 134 depending on the type and type of waste and the physical-stratigraphic characteristics of the formations 106, 108 into which the waste is pressed. Furthermore, it is possible to press liquid waste without solid particles into the annular space 140, which consists of protective tubes 112, 114, 116 and built-in rows of tubing 132, 134 for pressing, and through the perforations of the protective tubes 118 in the first interval for pressing 104.

Pressing is performed by high-pressure pumps 260, which press under high pressure the slurry supplied from the press slurry tank 252. Other fluids (eg, sea, layer or process water) can be supplied to the high-pressure pumps 260 from other available sources. The pressure is controlled by a manometer 150.

Bearing in mind the specific geological-physical and stratigraphic characteristics, as well as the lithological composition of the reservoir rocks in which the waste is deposited by pressing, the method presented here enables the disposal of different types of crushed waste by pressing into different geological formations 104, 106, 108 on the same well 100.

Bearing in mind the pore pressure, waste disposal by compaction is possible at:

1. an injection pressure lower than hydrostatic pressure,

2. at a pressure higher than the hydrostatic pressure and lower than the bursting pressure,

3. to the pressure of hydraulic fracturing of the rock.

In the case of waste disposal by pressing into the unhealed formation of a part of the well channel, it is possible that the slurry of hazardous waste at the same well 100 is disposed of in a safe and permanent way with a pressing pressure lower than hydrostatic. This is possible due to the fact that the unsealed rock reservoir in the third indentation interval 108 is interwoven with a natural system of cracks isolated by an impermeable roof and floor, and the pore pressure is in most cases lower than the hydrostatic one. A practical examination of such deposits revealed the saturation of crevices and pore spaces with salt water with a salinity of 10-12 g NaCl/l.

The method and preparation of hazardous waste for disposal in such formations depends on the degree of saturation of the stratum water with salts. Therefore, compatibility tests must be performed before dumping waste in such wells. In the boreholes 100 selected for injection of waste, it is necessary to perform acceptance tests (step-rate test, injectivity test) with which it is determined that the rocks of the formation 108 into which the waste is injected are suitable for the disposal of hazardous waste with low pH values. Such rocks should consist mostly of dolomite, dolomite-limestone breccias and limestones. Such a structure makes them particularly suitable for disposal of waste generated in the chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries. In the process of pressing solid particles on the walls of natural cracks, they create a layer or coating, whereby the liquid part of the waste can migrate into the pores of the matrix of rocks through the processes of absorption and diffusion. In such rocks, it is possible to dispose of waste composed of solid particles that are significantly larger than 400 microns. The costs of pressing into such formations are incomparably lower than the costs of waste disposal in formations with a pore pressure higher than hydrostatic. In addition, the preparation and processing of waste is significantly cheaper compared to the process of waste disposal by fracturing the rock reservoir or pressing with a pressure lower than the fracturing gradient and higher than the hydrostatic one.

In terms of waste disposal by compression with a pressure higher than the hydrostatic pressure and lower than the rupture pressure, the application of such a procedure is suitable for geological formations with a pore pressure higher than the hydrostatic pressure and lower than the rupture pressure. In terms of lithological composition, it is mostly about geological formations represented by sandstones with porosity between 20% and 30% and permeability from 50 mD (milliDarcia) to 2 D (Darcia). Such sands usually lie at shallower depths and are covered with layers of impermeable clay, marl and coal, while they are usually without tectonic disturbances or faults. Such formations are suitable for disposing of liquid hazardous waste, especially various types of acids (hydrochloric, formic, chlorine, sulfuric, etc.) as well as powdered hazardous substances soluble in 5-6% bentonite suspension. An example of such dangerous substances is the sulfur sludge created during the production of gas and condensate from the aggressive and corrosive gas H2S. A further possibility is the effective disposal of filter ash produced in incinerators for burning hazardous waste. Laboratory analyzes carried out by the inventor have shown that such ash can be easily dissolved in fresh water, which enables its efficient disposal by pressing it into the mentioned formation. In the compression process, the liquid waste displaces the stratum water from the pore system, and the compression pressure does not exceed the fracture pressure of the rock. This zone is usually covered by columns of protective pipes that must be exposed by perforation. In order to reduce the embossing pressure, an acid treatment can be applied.

The disposal of waste by the pressure of hydraulic fracturing of the rock envisages the disposal of debris and other solid particles in a mixture with a 5-6% bentonite suspension with simultaneous fracturing of the selected geological formation 106. The procedure is based on the application of ring compaction, in which compaction is carried out in portions of approximately the same volume with a permitted closure of the fracture between injection periods. This process creates numerous fractures in the area of formation 106, which constitutes the domain of disposed waste. Pressing of hazardous solid waste with simultaneous fracturing is done with special pressing equipment. The equipment for the preparation of porridge has a ring capacity. By mixing solid particles with a size of 400 microns and a 5-6% bentonite suspension, a slurry is prepared, which is deposited in the slurry tank for pressing 252. Then, the slurry from the tank 252 is dosed to the high-pressure triplex pump 260, which presses the slurry into the shallowly installed pressing series of tubing 134 and through the perforations 118 of the three columns of protective tubes 112,114,116 into the selected geological formation 106. Other fluids such as process water, brine or layer water can be supplied by centrifugal pumps from available sources that are not shown. The selection of the geological formation 106 and the well 100 is based on several key factors such as the integrity of the well structure and the depleted rock reservoir of the formation without commercially obtainable hydrocarbons, then the geological formation 106 must not be in communication with other reservoirs. Reasonable knowledge of the formation is required for pressing 106 and the potential possibility of contaminating adjacent zones, and shallower lying formations are preferred in order to reduce the costs of pressing as well as the total costs of waste disposal by the specified method. Bearing in mind the previously selected factors, once the formation for indentation is determined based on the mentioned and other factors, the distribution of horizontal stresses in zone 16 should be determined together with the "neutron and bulk density porosity" logs, and the minimum horizontal stress should be calculated as a function of depth.

In any case, the geological formations in which the waste can be stored must be covered with an impermeable roof and an impermeable floor without vertical regional faults, which prevents the migration of waste into the drinking water aquifer or to the surface.

In addition to logging measurements, geophysical measurements (micro seismic) can also be used to monitor the pressing process itself.

To determine the top and bottom part of the geological formation and its pore space with layer fluid, several different methods of logging measurements are used, so the following measurement methods can be used: methods of electrical resistance of the bedrock, sound methods, methods of natural radioactivity, methods induced by radioactivity, measurement spontaneous potential, temperature measurement, but also other known methods.

In order to select an existing borehole or create a new borehole that would be used for waste disposal, a preliminary geological-technical-technological study must be made, which should process the composition and condition of the geological formation in which the waste can be stored, and accordingly adjust the "monitoring" process of compaction.

Based on the analysis of logging measurements, a zone is determined in which it is possible to effectively dispose of hazardous waste by compaction, where the zone must be closed, and the cracks created by hydraulic fracturing must not grow outside the compaction zone, especially if the pressure of the fracturing is maintained below previously determined limits. The development of a crack in a given formation can be modeled using a pseudo-three-dimensional rupture model that is run on digital processing devices or computers. Moreover, a suitable formation for the injection of waste material may be subjected to fracture testing to determine characteristic performances relative to the evaluation of minimum horizontal stresses and to measure the release of the liquid phase of one or more selected fracturing fluids.

After choosing the construction of the well, it is necessary to perform trial fracturing in order to determine the losses of the carrier fluid in the pores of the formation through the fracture walls, and with the aim of optimizing fracturing using hazardous waste slurry. At the same time, a coating of solid particles is created on the walls of the fracture formation as a filter cake that reduces the loss of the liquid phase from the pressed slurry, which enables the effective execution of the annular tearing process, i.e. the disposal of solid particles of hazardous waste. It is usual to press in a portion of water of 30-50 m3 as a precursor before each pressing of the slurry in order to create fractures and establish the fracture flow. After pressing each portion of the hazardous waste slurry, in order to ensure the cleanliness of the connection lines, the line of injection tubing, as well as to prevent the deposition of solid particles in the borehole channel, it is necessary to press 50-60 m3 of water. Accordingly, the complete process of pressing the waste slurry with solid particles consists of the following procedures: pressing clean water into the tubing, initiating the formation break 802, pressing the precursor with a large flow of clean water 804, gradually increasing the level of solid particles to the required concentration 806, continuing the operation injection with fracturing at average injection pressure for 6-12 hours at flow rates of 0.8 - 1.5 m3/min 808, gradual reduction of the concentration of solid particles to zero and continued injection of 5 - 25 m3 of clean water 810, closing of the well and registration of pressures 812, current compression stop pressure analysis 814, fracture closure pressure analysis 816, evaluation of gradual pressure drop according to values of nearby fields to determine formation response development 818 and verification of formation behavior for compression to repeat the compression process with fracturing after sufficient time 820, and if the verification is satisfactory repeat the entire g of the procedure starting with the injection of clean water into the tubing 800, otherwise the end of procedure 822 follows.

As a further possibility of the technology of permanent disposal of waste by pressing into deep wells presented here is that through the same well channel 100 using a single or double row of pressing tubing 132, 134 and packers 36, 38 at the same time, into several specially selected geological formations 104, 106 and 108 it can dispose of slurry (sludge, sediments, debris) of waste composed of liquid phase and solid particles. The disposal of the slurry with the largest waste particles takes place by pushing it through a deeply embedded series of tubing 132 into the geological formation 108, which is a closed structure with an impermeable floor and roof, a pore pressure lower than hydrostatic and far enough from the floor of the aquifer and vertical faults, which allows pressing with simultaneous fracturing of the said formation, whereby solid particles are deposited from the slurry on the walls of the crack, and the liquid phase penetrates into the deeper parts of the formation through diffusion and absorption processes, and after the pressing is stopped, the created crack closes together with the waste, so the waste remains permanently trapped in the formation. Usually, the waste slurry is pressed with a certain amount of water, which forces the waste from the injection tubing 132, 134 either into natural or artificially created cracks as well as into the pore space of the formation. Then, after the injection is stopped, the pressure drop is monitored and the temperature and fracture closure time are measured directly next to the borehole channel. In order to achieve better properties, a 5-6% bentonite suspension can be added to the above-mentioned slurry of waste material, which serves as a carrier for solid particles of the waste slurry, and for creating a filter cake on the walls of naturally and artificially created cracks. The size of solid particles when deposited in natural cracks is significantly above 400 microns, while in cracks created by tearing the particle size does not exceed 400 microns, and if the geological formation has a porosity of 20-30%, it is possible to press a liquid phase with solid particles no larger than 200 microns . Using this method, it is also possible to dispose of natural radioactive waste material in such a way that such waste is ground to a particle size no larger than 400 microns, and by the specified procedure of disposal in naturally and artificially created rock cracks. In addition to solid particles, the waste slurry can also contain bentonite in a sufficient concentration to achieve a satisfactory filter cake on the walls of naturally and artificially created cracks, and to achieve sufficient viscosity for the suspension of solid particles to prevent their settling in the borehole channel. Bentonite also serves as a means of sealing and ensuring impermeability. In a further version, this method enables the pressing of pulpy waste into a geological formation with a developed system of natural cracks where the pore pressure is lower than the hydrostatic one, whereby the slurry consists of solid particles larger than 400 microns of waste material and bentonite suspension as a carrier and sealing fluid, while during waste disposal, fracturing creates at least one crack in the mentioned zone of the geological formation in which the horizontal compressive stress was previously determined to be less than the stress in the roof and sub-floor, which allows the slurry to be pressed through the shallower installed series of tubing 134 and part of the well channel into the formation 104. Furthermore , it is possible that this method also includes a phase in which, after pressing the slurry, it is necessary to push it deeper into the created crack. Also, it is desirable that the slurry preparation fluid has a viscosity of at least 45-65 centipoise.

Here, the method and technology for deep compaction of sludge from waste water and waste treatment plants and for the permanent disposal of shredded waste includes a mill for crushing and shredding waste 230, a slurry tank 244, a pipeline 290, 292, a slurry pump 250, a high-pressure pump 260 and the equipment of the well for the process of deep compaction of the waste as previously exposed. The system functions in such a way that the mill for crushing and pulverizing waste 230 grinds coarse waste 225 into small waste particles 242, which are then mixed with water or another liquid, resulting in a slurry that is temporarily stored in the slurry tank 244, and is sent through the low-pressure pipeline 290 using the slurry pump 250, it is sent to the high-pressure pump 260, by means of which this slurry is pressed into the well 100. The high-pressure pipeline 292 can be connected to a longer series of tubing 134 or to a shorter series of tubing 136. Regulation is performed by a valve 262. In a further embodiment, this system contains and a tank for liquid waste 280 with a special low-pressure pipeline 292 connected to a high-pressure pump 260 and a high-pressure pipeline 294 that is connected to a shorter series of tubing 136. To control the system, it contains a PLC 270 and a control panel 272, and an integral part of the system can also be a system for measurement which is connected to the PLC 270 and the control panel 272 so that based on the measurement results in real time the control through the entire system for the secret disposal of shredded waste. Furthermore, this system may include a slurry tank for pressing 252, a tank with chemicals and additives 254, and a pump for chemicals 256 so that by means of the subject pump for chemicals 256 from the tank for chemicals and additives 254, slurry for pressing in the tank for pressing slurry 252 is added as needed chemicals and additives used to condition the slurry in order to achieve better properties for pressing into the well 100. Bentonite is used as a conditioning additive, with the proportion of bentonite added to the slurry for pressing being from 5% to 6%. The transport of large waste 225 from the storage of large waste 200 is usually carried out by a conveyor belt 220. Small waste particles 240 produced by grinding and shredding are stored in a container for small waste particles 242. From this container, they are transported via a conveyor belt 220 to a slurry container 244, where waste particles are mixed with water or some other fluid in order to obtain a slurry with suitable physical properties so that it can be pressed into the well. In order to avoid the settling of the slurry, the slurry tank 244 is equipped with a mixer 246 and a circulation pump 248, which have the task of maintaining the slurry in a suitable condition for transport by pipelines 290, 292. From the high-pressure pipeline 290 in the part of the system in which the tank for liquid waste 280 is located, a connection is made to the pipe for pressing liquid waste 294, while from the high-pressure pipeline 290 in the part of the system in which the tank for pressing slurry 252 is located, a connection is made to pipes for pressing a liquid mixture of small waste particles 296.

Claims (16)

1. Well equipment for the process of deep compaction of waste, characterized by the fact that it contains a wellhead (120) and three columns of protective pipes (112,114,116) on which perforations (118) have been made, namely an inner column of protective pipes (116), an intermediate column of protective pipes (114) and an outer column of casing pipes (112) which are connected to the wellhead (120) and which are laid in the wellbore channel (100) with a plurality of indentation intervals (104,106,108) and a section of unlined wellbore channel (130), which indentation intervals (104,106,108 ) are located at different depths in the borehole (100) such that the first indentation interval (104) is the shallowest, the second indentation interval (106) is between the first and third indentation intervals, and the third indentation interval (108) is the deepest in to the zone of the unhealed well channel (130), whereby the columns of protective pipes (112,114,116) are laid in such a way that the inner column of protective pipes (116) has the smallest diameter and reaches the deepest third interval for impression nicking (108), wherein the inner column of protective tubes (116) is located partly inside the intermediate column of protective tubes (114) which is larger in diameter than the inner column of protective tubes (116), but is shorter and reaches only above the second interval for pressing ( 106) and in which the outer column of protective pipes (112) is the largest in diameter and inside it there are concentrically located inner column of protective pipes (116) and intermediate column of protective pipes (114) and in which the laying depth of the outer column of protective pipes (112) reaches below the first interval for pressing (104), and further contains two rows of tubing (132, 134), one of which is a longer row of tubing (132), and the other a shorter row of tubing (134) located inside the inner column of protective tubes (116), and further includes an upper parker (136) and a lower parker (138) placed inside the inner column of protective tubes (116) so that the upper parker (136) is immediately above the second pressing interval (104) and both strings pass through it tubing (132,134), and that the lower parker (138) is directly below the second pressing interval (104) and that only a longer row of tubing (134) passes through it, which extends beyond the inner column of protective tubes (116) all the way to the third pressing interval (108) in the zone of the section of the unhealed borehole channel (130), and when the waste is pushed through a shorter series of tubing (134), it can spread within the inner column of protective tubes (116) through the perforations of the protective tube (118) only into the space of the second interval for pressing (106) because the parkers (136,138) prevent it from expanding upwards or downwards inside the inner column of protective tubes (116) and when the waste is pressed through a longer series of tubing (132) it spreads into the space of the third interval for pressing (108 ). 2. The well equipment for the process of deep compaction of waste according to the first patent claim, characterized by the fact that the parkers (136,138) are made of rubber into which inert gas can be pumped under pressure. 3. Well equipment for the process of deep compaction of waste according to the 2nd patent claim, characterized by the fact that the inert gas is nitrogen. 4. Method and technology for deep compaction of sludge from waste water and waste treatment devices and for permanent disposal of shredded waste characterized by the fact that it contains a mill for crushing and shredding waste (230), a slurry tank (244), pipeline (290, 292) , a slurry pump (250), a high-pressure pump (260) and well equipment according to any preceding claim, wherein when this system is in operation, the waste crushing and shredding mill (230) grinds the coarse waste (225) into fine waste particles (242). ) which are then mixed with water or another liquid, resulting in a slurry that is temporarily stored in a slurry tank (244) and sent to a high-pressure pump (260) via a low-pressure pipeline (290) using a slurry pump (250) that slurry presses into the well (100). 5. Method and technology for deep pressing of sludge from wastewater and waste treatment devices and for permanent disposal of shredded waste according to the previous patent claim characterized by the fact that the high-pressure pipeline (292) is connected to a longer series of tubing (132). 6. Method and technology for deep pressing of sludge from wastewater and waste treatment devices and for permanent disposal of shredded waste according to the 4th patent claim characterized by the fact that the high-pressure pipeline (292) is connected to a shorter series of tubing (134). 7. Method and technology for deep compaction of sludge from waste water and waste treatment devices and for permanent disposal of shredded waste according to the 4th or 5th patent claim characterized by the fact that it further contains a tank for liquid waste (280) and a special low-pressure pipeline (292) ) connected to a high-pressure pump (260) and a high-pressure pipeline (294) which is connected to a shorter series of tubing (134). 8. Method and technology for deep pressing of sludge from waste water and waste treatment devices and for permanent disposal of shredded waste according to claim 4, 5, 6 or 7 characterized by the fact that it further contains a PLC (270) and a control panel (272) through which the entire system is managed. 9. Method and technology for deep pressing of sludge from waste water and waste treatment devices and for permanent disposal of shredded waste according to claim 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized by the fact that it further contains a measurement system connected to a PLC (270) and the control panel (272) so that the entire system for secret disposal of shredded waste is managed based on the results of measurements in real time. 10. Method and technology for deep pressing of sludge from waste water and waste treatment devices and for permanent disposal of shredded waste according to claim 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized by the fact that it further contains a slurry tank for pressing (252) , the chemical and accessories tank (254) and the chemical pump (256) so that by means of the subject chemical pump (256) from the chemical and accessories tank (254) the press slurries in the press slurry tank (252) are added as needed chemicals and additives used to condition the slurry in order to achieve better properties for pressing into the well (100). 11. Method and technology for deep pressing of sludge from waste water and waste treatment devices and for permanent disposal of shredded waste according to the 10th patent claim characterized by the fact that the conditioning additive is bentonite. 12. Method and technology for deep pressing of sludge from waste water and waste treatment devices and for permanent disposal of shredded waste according to the 11th patent claim indicated that the proportion of bentonite added to the pressing slurry is 5% to 6%. 13. The process of deep compression of waste into a well (100) characterized by the fact that the well equipment is used for the process of deep compression of waste according to the 1st, 2nd or 3rd patent claim, whereby the disposal waste is pressed into the unhealed formation of the part of the well channel with the compression pressure lower than the hydrostatic one, in which in the process of pressing solid particles on the walls of natural cracks, they create a layer or coating, and in which the liquid part of the waste can migrate into the pores of the matrix of rocks through the processes of absorption and diffusion, and in which the waste is composed of solid particles that are significantly larger than 400 micron. 14. The process of deep compression of waste into a well (100) characterized by the fact that the equipment for the well is used for the process of deep compression of waste according to the 1st, 2nd or 3rd patent claim, whereby the waste is disposed of by compression at a pressure greater than the hydrostatic pressure and less than the pressure tearing, during which liquid waste displaces stratum water from the pore system in the process of compaction, and the compaction pressure does not exceed the rock's fracture pressure. 15. The process of deep compaction of waste into a well (100) characterized by the fact that the equipment for the well is used for the process of deep compaction of waste according to the 1st, 2nd or 3rd patent claim, whereby the waste disposal is compacted under the pressure of hydraulic fracturing of rocks suitable for the disposal of debris and other solid particles, so that 5% to 6% bentonite suspension is added to the waste mixture with simultaneous fracturing of the selected geological formation (106) with annular pressing, whereby the pressing is done in installments of approximately the same volume with permitted closure of the fracture between the installments of pressing. 16. The process of pressing waste slurry with solid particles, characterized by the fact that it is carried out through the following stages of the process: pressing clean water into the tubing (800), initiation of formation breakage (802), pressing the precursor with a large flow of clean water (804), gradually increasing the level of solid particles to the required concentration (806), continuation of the pressing operation with fracturing at an average pressure of pressing for 6-12 hours at flows of 0.8 - 1.5 m3/min (808), gradual reduction of the concentration of solid particles to zero and continuation of pressing the deposit from 5 - 25 m3 of clean water (810), well shut-in and pressure registration (812), analysis of the current stoppage pressure (814), fracture closure pressure analysis (816), evaluation of the gradual pressure drop according to the values of nearby fields to determine the evolution of the formation response (818) and checking the behavior of the indentation formation in order to repeat the indentation process with fracturing after a sufficient time (820), and if the check z it allows repeating the entire procedure starting with the injection of clean water into the tubing (800).