HRP20041128A2 - A method and unit load for distributing articles - Google Patents
A method and unit load for distributing articles Download PDFInfo
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- HRP20041128A2 HRP20041128A2 HR20041128A HRP20041128A HRP20041128A2 HR P20041128 A2 HRP20041128 A2 HR P20041128A2 HR 20041128 A HR20041128 A HR 20041128A HR P20041128 A HRP20041128 A HR P20041128A HR P20041128 A2 HRP20041128 A2 HR P20041128A2
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- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- unit load
- load
- loads
- goods
- pads
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D71/0088—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D71/0092—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck provided with one or more rigid supports, at least one dimension of the supports corresponding to a dimension of the load, e.g. skids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G57/00—Stacking of articles
- B65G57/02—Stacking of articles by adding to the top of the stack
- B65G57/16—Stacking of articles of particular shape
- B65G57/20—Stacking of articles of particular shape three-dimensional, e.g. cubiform, cylindrical
- B65G57/22—Stacking of articles of particular shape three-dimensional, e.g. cubiform, cylindrical in layers each of predetermined arrangement
- B65G57/24—Stacking of articles of particular shape three-dimensional, e.g. cubiform, cylindrical in layers each of predetermined arrangement the layers being transferred as a whole, e.g. on pallets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D19/38—Details or accessories
- B65D19/40—Elements for spacing platforms from supporting surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/0008—Load supporting elements
- B65D2571/00086—Feet or isolated supports, not formed by the articles
Description
Tehničko područje Technical area
Predmetni izum se odnosi na postupak za distribuiranje robe u paletiziranom obliku od dobavljača robe. On se također odnosi na jedinični tovar za takvo distribuiranje. The subject invention relates to a procedure for distributing goods in palletized form from a goods supplier. It also refers to the unit load for such distribution.
Stanje tehnike ovog izuma The state of the art of this invention
Konvencionalan način distribuiranja paletizirane robe se obavlja uz upotrebu tradicionalnih paleta, najčešće drvenih paleta standardnih dimenzija, na koje je natovarena roba i zatim je čvrsto učvršćena, na primjer, pomoću remenja. The conventional way of distributing palletized goods is done with the use of traditional pallets, usually wooden pallets of standard dimensions, on which the goods are loaded and then firmly fixed, for example, by means of belts.
Drvene palete se koriste tako naširoko, da su njihove prednosti rijetko upitne. Međutim, postoji stanovit broj važnih nedostataka koji su povezani s drvenim paletama: Wooden pallets are used so widely that their advantages are rarely questioned. However, there are a number of important disadvantages associated with wooden pallets:
- skupo je održavanje sustava vraćanja drvenih paleta koje su u opticaju, - it is expensive to maintain the system of returning wooden pallets that are in circulation,
- koristi se mnogo transportnih sredstava za transportiranje praznih drvenih paleta koje su glomazne i teške, - many means of transport are used to transport empty wooden pallets, which are bulky and heavy,
- drvena paleta ima kratak vijek trajanja, što je dodatni trošak, - a wooden pallet has a short lifespan, which is an additional cost,
- upotreba glomazne i teške drvene palete smanjuje učinkovitost transporta, - the use of bulky and heavy wooden pallets reduces the efficiency of transport,
- za skladištenje drvenih paleta potrebno je prilično mnogo prostora kod dobavljača i na drugim mjestima u mreži distribuiranja, - for the storage of wooden pallets, quite a lot of space is needed at the supplier and in other places in the distribution network,
- standardna veličina paleta nije optimalna za mnoge robe i mnoge nosače tovara, takve kao što su kontejneri, vagoni za prijevoz robe te kamioni i tegljači. - the standard pallet size is not optimal for many goods and many load carriers, such as containers, freight wagons and trucks and tractors.
Raniji pokušaj da se umanje nedostaci koji su povezani s drvenim paletama je taj, da se za vrijeme distribuiranja koristi ploča za stavljanje tovara, koja je načinjena od valovitog kartona. Takva ploča za stavljanje tovara može imati manju visinu i težinu od drvene ploče i namjera je da se ona odbaci nakon jedne upotrebe. Dobivaju se stanovite prednosti koje se odnose također na cijenu i mnogostranost, ali ploče za stavljanje tovara ovakve vrste još uvijek ne predstavljaju optimalno rješenje problema kao što je iznalaženje postupka za distribuiranje bez onih nedostataka koji su gore spomenuti. An earlier attempt to reduce the disadvantages associated with wooden pallets is that, during distribution, a board for placing the load, which is made of corrugated cardboard, is used. Such a loading plate may have a lower height and weight than a wooden plate and is intended to be discarded after one use. Certain advantages are obtained, which are also related to price and versatility, but panels for placing loads of this type still do not represent an optimal solution to the problem of finding a distribution procedure without the disadvantages mentioned above.
Glavni cilj ovog izuma je prema tome stvaranje postupka distribuiranja robe, koji postupak nema nedostatke koji su gore navedeni. The main object of this invention is therefore to create a method of distributing goods, which method does not have the disadvantages mentioned above.
Izum Invention
Problemi s postupcima distribuiranja, koji postupci su se ranije koristili, su u skladu s ovim izumom nadvladani i dobiven je u znatnoj mjeri poboljšan postupak distribuiranja stavljanjem - kod dobavljača - jednog ili više artikala na dva podmetača ili na više podmetača za stavljanje tovara da bi se oblikovao jedinični tovar, pri čemu svaki podmetač obuhvaća jedan profil koji ima L-oblik i koji ima izbočenja za nošenje jediničnog tovara na stanovitom dijelu po njegovom predjelu za oslanjanje, i koji podmetač se stavlja na donji rub jediničnog tovara, i na kojem podmetaču se transportira jedinični tovar zajedno sa svojim podmetačima za tovar do primatelja robe. The problems with distribution procedures, which procedures were previously used, have been overcome in accordance with this invention and a significantly improved distribution procedure has been obtained by placing - at the supplier - one or more articles on two pallets or on several pallets for placing the load in order to formed a unit load, wherein each pad comprises one profile which has an L-shape and which has protrusions for carrying the unit load on a certain part of its support area, and which pad is placed on the lower edge of the unit load, and on which pad it is transported unit load together with its pallets for the load to the recipient of the goods.
Stavljanjem izbočenja za nošenje na podmetače za tovare može se rukovati s jediničnim tovarom, koji se na taj način oblikuje, pomoću opreme za rukovanje, takve opreme kao što su viličari koji se koriste za rukovanje jediničnim tovarima na drvenim paletama. By placing carrying protrusions on the load pads, the unit load, which is thus shaped, can be handled by handling equipment such as forklifts used to handle unit loads on wooden pallets.
Normalno se jedinični tovar dobavlja od dobavljača (koji je često i proizvođač robe) s remenjem po opsegu tovara (koje remenje se priteže preko podmetača za tovare), i/ili s omotačima koji se rastežu ili se stežu, ili s nečim što je tome slično. Na taj se način jedinični tovar drži zajedno sa svojim podmetačima za tovar i također je zajedno s njim zaštićen od okolnog prostora. Normally, unit loads are supplied from the supplier (who is often also the manufacturer of the goods) with belts around the load (which belts are tightened over load pads), and/or with stretch or shrink wraps, or something similar . In this way, the unit load is kept together with its load pads and is also protected together with it from the surrounding space.
Od dobavljača može jedinični tovar biti transportiran običnim transportnim sredstvima do velikog skladišta, gdje može jedinični tovar biti uskladišten radi daljnje distribucije prema trgovcu na malo ili tome slično, gdje roba napušta sustav distribuiranja. From the supplier, the unit load can be transported by ordinary means of transport to a large warehouse, where the unit load can be stored for further distribution to a retailer or similar, where the goods leave the distribution system.
Alternativno se može jedinični tovar transportirati direktno do trgovca na malo ili tome slično. Alternatively, the unit load can be transported directly to a retailer or similar.
U prijašnjem slučaju je bilo moguće koristiti tradicionalnu drvenu paletu kod transporta od velikog skladišta do trgovca na malo i za skladištenje jediničnog tovara tamo, ako je sustav skladištenja prilagođen za drvene palete. In the former case, it was possible to use a traditional wooden pallet for transport from a large warehouse to a retailer and to store unit loads there, if the storage system was adapted for wooden pallets.
Na taj način se drvena paleta vraća za ponovnu upotrebu u tradicionalnom sustavu za vraćanje paleta. In this way, the wooden pallet is returned for reuse in the traditional pallet return system.
Poželjno je da se podmetači za tovare izrade od plastičnog materijala koji se može reciklirati, na primjer, od polipropilena (PP) koji nije obojen. Postupak za proizvodnju može biti injekcijsko lijevanje. Mogući su i drugi materijali i druge proizvodne tehnologije. It is preferable that the cargo pads are made of a plastic material that can be recycled, for example, polypropylene (PP) that is not dyed. The manufacturing process can be injection molding. Other materials and other production technologies are also possible.
Podmetači za tovare se mogu vraćati radi ponovne upotrebe na novim jediničnim tovarima, ali može biti povoljnije da ih se reciklira, na primjer, da se samelju i da se materijal vrati proizvođaču podmetača za tovare. Alternativno može materijal biti stavljen i na uobičajeno tržište kao sirovi plastični materijal. U ovom posljednjem slučaju je od posebne važnosti to, da se koristi plastični materijal koji nije obojen. Cargo liners can be returned for reuse on new unit loads, but it may be more cost-effective to recycle them, for example, grind them up and return the material to the manufacturer of the cargo liners. Alternatively, the material may be placed on the common market as raw plastic material. In this last case, it is of particular importance that plastic material that is not painted is used.
Upotrebom podmetača za tovare, kao što je gore izneseno, biti će moguće upotrijebiti samo jednu veličinu za sve primjene. Veličina jediničnog tovara ne ovisi o bilo kojoj veličini palete, već više ovisi o veličini robe, pri čemu su jedinični tovari opskrbljeni na svojim donjim rubovima s dva ili više podmetača za tovare s izbočenjima koja su usmjerena prema dolje, omogućavajući na taj način rukovanje pomoću tradicionalne opreme za rukovanje. Ako su artikli dugački, mogu se predvidjeti dva ili čak tri podmetača za jedinični tovar na svakom donjem rubu. By using cargo pads, as outlined above, it will be possible to use only one size for all applications. The size of the unit load is not dependent on any pallet size, but rather depends on the size of the goods, with the unit loads being provided at their lower edges with two or more load pads with projections pointing downwards, thus enabling handling using traditional handling equipment. If the articles are long, two or even three unit load pads can be provided on each bottom edge.
Upotreba podmetača za tovare znači, drugim riječima, da optimalni jedinični tovar može biti načinjen u skladu s robom ili s artiklima, a ne u skladu s veličinom palete kao što se to danas radi. The use of pallets for loads means, in other words, that the optimal unit load can be made according to the goods or articles, and not according to the size of the pallet as it is done today.
Nadalje su težina tare i cijena za podmetač za tovar vrlo niski. Furthermore, the tare weight and the price for the cargo pad are very low.
Prazni podmetači za tovare mogu se slagati jedan na drugi radi transporta, koji transport može na taj način biti vrlo efikasan. Empty pallets for loads can be stacked on top of each other for transport, which transport can be very efficient in this way.
Jedinični tovar koji je predviđen za distribuiranje u paletiziranom obliku od dobavljača robe u jediničnom tovaru do primatelja, može u skladu s ovim izumom, imati dva ili više podmetača za tovar, koji podmetači su smješteni na donjim rubovima jediničnog tovara koji sadržava jednu vrstu robe ili više vrsta robe. A unit load that is intended to be distributed in palletized form from a supplier of goods in a unit load to a recipient, may, in accordance with this invention, have two or more pallets for the load, which pallets are placed on the lower edges of the unit load that contains one type of goods or more type of goods.
U svojem temeljnom obliku jedinični tovar ima jedan podmetač za tovar na svakom od nasuprotnih donjih rubova, a ako je jedinični tovar naročito dugačak, jedinični tovar može imati dva ili više podmetača za tovar. Dakle, podmetači za tovar mogu biti postavljeni na svim donjim rubovima jediničnog tovara ili unutar jediničnog tovara. In its basic form, the unit load has one load pad on each of the opposite lower edges, and if the unit load is particularly long, the unit load may have two or more load pads. Thus, the load pads can be placed on all lower edges of the unit load or inside the unit load.
Remenje s kojim se obavija jedinični tovar može biti stavljeno oko podmetača za tovar koji se nalaze na suprotnim stranama. The strap with which the unit load is wrapped can be placed around the load pads located on opposite sides.
Na primjer, ako jedinični tovar ima znatan broj odvojenih artikala (ili kartonskih kutija) može se postaviti temeljna ploča između robe i podmetača za tovar. For example, if a unit load has a significant number of separate items (or cartons), a base plate can be placed between the goods and the load pad.
Crteži Drawings
Izum će biti detaljno opisan u daljnjem tekstu s pozivom na priložene crteže, u kojima The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings, in which
Slika 1 prikazuje pogled u perspektivi na podmetač za tovar koji se treba koristiti u postupku koji je u skladu s ovim izumom, Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a cargo pad to be used in a process in accordance with the present invention,
Slika 2 prikazuje općeniti prikaz postupka za distribuiranje koji je u skladu s ovim izumom, i Fig. 2 shows a general view of a dispensing method in accordance with the present invention, i
Slike 3a - i prikazuju primjere jediničnih tovara s podmetačima za tovar. Figures 3a - i show examples of unit loads with load pads.
Detaljan opis izuma Detailed description of the invention
Podmetač za tovar 1 je prikazan na slici 1. Poželjno je da je podmetač za tovar izrađen injekcijskim lijevanjem, da ima L-oblik načinjen od plastičnog materijala koji se može reciklirati, poželjno od polipropilena (PP). Njegov niži krak 2 je izveden s izbočenjima 3, u prikazanom slučaju to su tri izbočenja, radi održavanja jediničnog tovara iznad tla ili drugog potpornja i radi omogućavanja rukovanja s uobičajenom opremom za rukovanje koja se koristi za proizvode na uobičajenim drvenim paletama koje se sada naširoko koriste u sustavima za distribuiranje. Njegov gornji krak 4 je općenito ravan i treba se osloniti na vertikalnu bočnu površinu jediničnog tovara, koja treba bit poduprta podmetačima za tovar. The cargo pad 1 is shown in Figure 1. The cargo pad is preferably injection molded, L-shaped, made of a recyclable plastic material, preferably polypropylene (PP). Its lower arm 2 is provided with protrusions 3, in the case shown these are three protrusions, in order to maintain the unit load above the ground or other support and to enable handling with the usual handling equipment used for products on the usual wooden pallets now widely used in distribution systems. Its upper arm 4 is generally flat and should rest on the vertical side surface of the unit load, which should be supported by load pads.
U praktičnom slučaju (koji time nije ograničen) ukupna duljina podmetača za tovar 1 može biti 760 mm, širine donjeg kraka 2 i gornjeg kraka 4 mogu biti 180 mm, odnosno 100 mm. Izbočenja 3 mogu imati visinu od 35 mm i širinu od 75 mm. Središnje izbočenje može imati duljinu 160 mm, a svako od dva vanjska izbočenja može imati duljinu od 75 mm. In a practical case (which is not limited by this), the total length of the cargo pad 1 can be 760 mm, the width of the lower arm 2 and the upper arm 4 can be 180 mm and 100 mm, respectively. The protrusions 3 can have a height of 35 mm and a width of 75 mm. The central protrusion can have a length of 160 mm and each of the two outer protrusions can have a length of 75 mm.
Iz razloga koji su dolje navedeni, povoljno je koristiti plastični materijal za podmetače za tovar, koji plastični materijal nije u boji. For the reasons stated below, it is advantageous to use plastic material for cargo pads, which plastic material is not colored.
Sada se vrši poziv na sliku 2. Referentna oznaka 10 na toj slici označava proizvođača podmetača za tovare 1 koji se isporučuju dobavljaču ili proizvođaču 11 robe ili vrsta robe. Kod dobavljača 11 roba se stavlja na dva ili više podmetača za tovare 1 da bi se stvorio jedinični tovar, za koji je poželjno da je snabdjeven s remenima i/ili s omotačem koji se rasteže ili steže. Reference is now made to figure 2. Reference numeral 10 in that figure denotes a manufacturer of pallets for loads 1 supplied to a supplier or manufacturer 11 of goods or types of goods. At the supplier 11, the goods are placed on two or more load pads 1 to create a unit load, which is preferably provided with straps and/or with a stretchable or shrink wrap.
Od dobavljača 11 se jedinični tovari transportiraju, na primjer, tegljačem ili kamionom 12 do središnjeg skladišta 13 radi daljnje isporuke jednom ili nekolicini trgovaca na malo 14 koji se snabdijevaju s robom iz skladišta 13. Kao što je naznačeno s najdonjom strelicom, transport se može alternativno događati direktno od dobavljača 11 svakom od trgovaca na malo 14. From the supplier 11, unit loads are transported, for example, by tractor or truck 12 to a central warehouse 13 for onward delivery to one or several retailers 14 that are supplied with goods from the warehouse 13. As indicated by the lowest arrow, transport can alternatively happen directly from the supplier 11 to each of the retailers 14.
Upotreba tradicionalnih drvenih paleta 15 (od njihovog proizvođača 16) između skladišta 13 i trgovca na malo 14 sugerira se na slici 2. Razlog za to može biti taj što se sustav skladištenja kod postojećih trgovaca na malo 14 može temeljiti na upotrebi drvenih paleta na prolaznom skladištu. U daljnjem razvoju se dodatna upotreba drvenih paleta 15 može isključiti. The use of traditional wooden pallets 15 (from their manufacturer 16) between the warehouse 13 and the retailer 14 is suggested in Figure 2. The reason for this may be that the warehousing system of the existing retailers 14 may be based on the use of wooden pallets in the transit warehouse . In further development, the additional use of wooden pallets 15 can be excluded.
S crtkanom linijom na slici 2 se sugerira da se podmetači za tovar 1 mogu vraćati od trgovca na malo 14 u skladište 13. With the dashed line in figure 2 it is suggested that the cargo pads 1 can be returned from the retailer 14 to the warehouse 13.
Upotrijebljeni podmetači za tovar 1 se mogu vraćati dobavljaču ili proizvođaču 11 radi ponovne upotrebe. Uz ostale stvari, a i zbog toga što se ne može garantirati stanje svakog pojedinog podmetača za tovar 1, zasada je ipak poželjno da se koristi sustav recikliranja za podmetače za tovare 1. Podmetači koji su korišteni, se u skladu s tim melju, na primjer, u tvrtki za recikliranje 17. Odavde se materijal može isporučivati natrag, kao sirovi materijal, proizvođaču 10 podmetača za tovare ili se materijal može staviti na opće tržište, ako to ima prednost, na primjer, s komercijalne točke gledišta. Potpuno je normalno da je poželjno da se plastični materijal održava bezbojnim. Used cargo pads 1 can be returned to the supplier or manufacturer 11 for reuse. In addition to other things, and because the condition of each individual cargo pad 1 cannot be guaranteed, it is still preferable for now to use a recycling system for cargo pads 1. Used pads are ground accordingly, for example, at the recycling company 17. From here, the material can be delivered back, as raw material, to the manufacturer of the cargo pads 10 or the material can be placed on the general market, if this is advantageous, for example, from a commercial point of view. It is completely normal that it is desirable to keep the plastic material colorless.
Upotrebom podmetača za tovare, kao što je gore izneseno, može se smanjiti potreba za skladišnim prostorom, na primjer, u skladištima 13 za 30 - 35% i također se može povećati stupanj ispunjenosti kod transporta za kojih 35%. Kompaktnije ispunjavanje za vrijeme transporta će smanjiti međusobna pomicanja kod transporta i smanjiti će oštećenja za vrijeme transporta na minimum. By using pallets for loads, as stated above, the need for storage space can be reduced, for example, in warehouses 13 by 30 - 35% and also the degree of fulfillment in transport can be increased by about 35%. More compact filling during transport will reduce mutual movements during transport and will reduce damage during transport to a minimum.
Uzimajući u obzir sadašnje dimenzije, može se transportirati kojih 500 podmetača za tovare/m2 u usporedbi s oko 7 standardnih drvenih paleta/m2, sto je teoretska ušteda od 97%. Considering the current dimensions, some 500 pallets/m2 can be transported compared to around 7 standard wooden pallets/m2, which is a theoretical saving of 97%.
Slika 3 prikazuje neke mogućnosti za razmještanje jediničnih tovara. Slike 3b i d predstavljaju “osnovne” jedinične tovare na dva podmetača za tovare 1 od kojih svaki ima, na primjer, dva remena 20. Slika 3a prikazuje dulji jedinični tovar s dva podmetača za tovare 1 na svakoj strani i, na primjer, četiri remena. Na slici 3c nalaze se tri pod-jedinična tovara - od kojih svaki jedinični tovar ima po dva podmetača za tovare 1 i po dva remena 20 - koji su složeni jedan na drugi i zajedno se drže pomoću daljnjih remena 21, da bi stvorio jedinični tovar. Figure 3 shows some possibilities for the placement of unit loads. Figures 3b and d represent "basic" unit loads on two load pads 1 each having, for example, two belts 20. Figure 3a shows a longer unit load with two load pads 1 on each side and, for example, four belts. In Fig. 3c there are three sub-unit loads - each unit load having two load pads 1 and two straps 20 - stacked on top of each other and held together by further straps 21 to form a unit load.
Na slici 3e su četiri vrste robe (ili kartonske kutije) razmještene na četiri podmetača za tovare 1 na takav način kao što je dalje prikazano na slici 3f. Remeni, koji nisu prikazani, mogu dati konačan oblik jediničnog tovara. In Figure 3e, four types of goods (or cardboard boxes) are arranged on four pallets for loads 1 in such a way as further shown in Figure 3f. Belts, which are not shown, can give the final shape of the unit load.
Slika 3g prikazuje 32 manja artikla (ili kartonske kutije) koji čine jedinični tovar s dva podmetača za tovare 1. U tom slučaju se upotrebljava temeljna ploča 22, na primjer, od kartona ili od plastičnog materijala. Remeni, koji nisu prikazani, mogu dati konačan oblik jediničnog tovara. Slika 3h prikazuje jedinični tovar sa četiri vrste robe i temeljnom pločom 22. Ovdje se koriste četiri podmetača za tovare 1, svaki na jednom donjem rubu. Figure 3g shows 32 smaller articles (or cardboard boxes) forming a unit load with two load pads 1. In this case, a base plate 22 is used, for example, made of cardboard or plastic material. Belts, which are not shown, can give the final shape of the unit load. Figure 3h shows a unit load with four types of goods and a base plate 22. Here, four load pads 1 are used, each on one lower edge.
Slika 3i konačno prikazuje jedinični tovar sa četiri podmetača za tovare koji su razmješteni na sličan način kao oni koji su prikazani na slici 3h. Figure 3i finally shows a unit load with four load pads arranged in a similar manner to those shown in Figure 3h.
Naravno da su izvedive i daljnje slične mogućnosti. Of course, further similar possibilities are feasible.
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0201591A SE0201591L (en) | 2002-05-28 | 2002-05-28 | Method and unit load for distribution of items |
| PCT/SE2003/000862 WO2003099668A1 (en) | 2002-05-28 | 2003-05-27 | A method and unit load for distributing articles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| HRP20041128A2 true HRP20041128A2 (en) | 2005-02-28 |
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| HR20041128A HRP20041128A2 (en) | 2002-05-28 | 2004-11-25 | A method and unit load for distributing articles |
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| JP (1) | JP2005527439A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20050004242A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1317167C (en) |
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| US6786992B2 (en) | 2002-06-11 | 2004-09-07 | Airdex International, Inc. | Method of making a dunnage platform |
| SE528003C2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2006-08-01 | Inter Ikea Systems Bv | Platform to be used as support for goods |
| WO2006136547A1 (en) * | 2005-06-21 | 2006-12-28 | Inter Ikea Systems B.V. | Method of forming a unit load |
| US7963397B2 (en) | 2006-02-09 | 2011-06-21 | Seagle Vance L | Modular, knock-down, light weight, thermally insulating, tamper proof shipping container and fire retardant shipping container bag |
| US7689481B2 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2010-03-30 | Airdex International, Inc. | Light weight, strong, fire retardant dunnage platform bag and system of loading, dispensing and using bag |
| CN105197344A (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-30 | 艾尔戴克斯国际公司 | Load bearing structure |
| FI128153B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-11-15 | Actiw Oy | Loading frame, equipment and method for loading products |
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| US2716532A (en) * | 1950-01-21 | 1955-08-30 | Gustin Bacon Mfg Co | Disposable skids |
| FR1332675A (en) * | 1962-06-06 | 1963-07-19 | Object handling means | |
| US3880286A (en) * | 1973-06-19 | 1975-04-29 | Nat Steel Corp | Pallet packaging |
| FI93933C (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1995-06-26 | Wisapak Oy Ab | Pallet |
| DE4342221C2 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1998-07-16 | Ytong Ag | Building board package |
| GB9608796D0 (en) * | 1996-04-27 | 1996-07-03 | Stannard Robin | Transport storage and display device |
| DK176428B1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2008-02-04 | Inter Ikea Sys Bv | Transportation List |
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- 2003-05-27 WO PCT/SE2003/000862 patent/WO2003099668A1/en active IP Right Grant
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- 2003-05-27 AU AU2003238986A patent/AU2003238986A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-27 YU YU102904A patent/YU102904A/en unknown
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- 2003-05-27 CN CNB038120526A patent/CN1317167C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2003-05-27 PL PL372243A patent/PL200771B1/en unknown
- 2003-05-27 NZ NZ536647A patent/NZ536647A/en unknown
- 2003-05-27 KR KR10-2004-7019195A patent/KR20050004242A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
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| IL165163A0 (en) | 2005-12-18 |
| TNSN04220A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 |
| JP2005527439A (en) | 2005-09-15 |
| YU102904A (en) | 2006-05-25 |
| RU2004137125A (en) | 2005-06-27 |
| NO20045155L (en) | 2004-11-25 |
| MXPA04011821A (en) | 2005-03-31 |
| HK1080054A1 (en) | 2006-04-21 |
| LT2004112A (en) | 2005-03-25 |
| NO20045154L (en) | 2004-11-25 |
| EP1509458A1 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
| SE0201591L (en) | 2003-11-29 |
| PL372243A1 (en) | 2005-07-11 |
| MA27694A1 (en) | 2006-01-02 |
| ZA200409211B (en) | 2006-02-22 |
| BR0311341A (en) | 2005-03-22 |
| AR040639A1 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
| KR20050004242A (en) | 2005-01-12 |
| CN1317167C (en) | 2007-05-23 |
| WO2003099668A1 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
| CN1655992A (en) | 2005-08-17 |
| PL200771B1 (en) | 2009-02-27 |
| LT5231B (en) | 2005-06-27 |
| TWI268897B (en) | 2006-12-21 |
| SE0201591D0 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
| LV13265B (en) | 2005-05-20 |
| TW200400902A (en) | 2004-01-16 |
| AU2003238986A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
| IS7541A (en) | 2004-11-22 |
| CA2486575A1 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
| NZ536647A (en) | 2005-06-24 |
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