HRP20020907A2 - Construction element for a ceiling construction and ceiling construction in a building - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a building element for mezzanine construction in buildings according to patent claim 1.

From GB 2 226 058, a building element has become known, which consists of a concrete slab with a partially inserted lattice support. The upper belt of the lattice support protrudes from the plate and is directed downwards, while the building element is supported on the supports of the building walls. The mezzanine construction is made for the floor that lies below it so that the suitable covering material is fixed to the upper belt.

From WO 95/03460, a building element with two spaced vertical concrete layers and a lattice support between them became known, whereby each of the lattice support belts is embedded in one of the layers.

From WO 81/02758, a building element has become known, which is constructed in such a way that it consists of concrete layers that are vertically spaced and each of which has grid supports that are tightly tightened to each other. Tensioning is achieved, for example, by means of tensioning bolts, where two bolts with opposite threads are screwed into a tensioning sleeve, and each of the bolts is connected to a single truss.

From EP 0 828 033, a building element with two concrete layers placed at a vertical distance, each of which partially accepts a lattice support, became known. The protruding parts of the lattice supports from both concrete layers are placed crosswise to each other so that they do not touch each other. Each of the concrete layers is placed in the beds of the building walls, whereby the upper layer is supported by an elastic insulating layer, which can also be installed as a cement floor.

The fundamental task of the invention is to improve the building element of the type described so far, so that it can be made more simply and used in more ways.

This task is solved by features from patent claim 1.

In the building element, which is in accordance with the invention, the upper layer is made as a flat element made of concrete, or a material similar to concrete, without reinforcement protruding from it. It rests on the ridges or ribs of the lower layer by inserting a layer of elastic insulation on the ribs or ridges. The protrusions can be, for example, the upper belt of the lattice support, the lower belt of which is inserted into the second layer. When using ribs, these can be formed in one part with the bottom layer.

Also in the element, which is in accordance with the invention, the first or upper layer forms the cement floor for the room in the building above, while the lower or second layer represents the ceiling for the floor below. Since the upper layer is simply placed on the ridges or ribs of the lower layer, the lower or second layer is pulled out for support on the bearing located on the opposite walls of the building.

The construction, which is in accordance with the invention, has a number of advantages. Manufacturing is particularly simple. When making well-known building elements, concrete layers with their reinforcement are first made separately, after which they are placed one above the other. With the invention, only one slab of concrete should be placed, for example, on the lattice support of the second or lower concrete layer. No further measures are necessary. This procedure is easy to implement in industrial production.

In order to maintain a certain lateral security for the upper layer, it is proposed according to one of the embodiments of the invention, that it adheres to the protrusions or ribs. In certain circumstances, it is also sufficient to adhere using friction between the upper layer and the elastic substrate, which is applied to the ridges or ribs.

One further advantage of the invention consists in the fact that the space between the upper and lower layers can be used multiple times, for example, it can take over lines and pipes for arbitrary installations. With known building elements, where not only the lower layer but also the upper layer have lattice supports, this is quite complicated to achieve. Also, the introduction of a suitable insulating material is achieved more easily with building elements that are in accordance with the invention.

Another advantage is that the top layer can take over the floor heating lines in a simpler way. If the upper layer does contain adequate reinforcement, it will not be a lattice support, as is the case with known building elements. The introduction of lines for underfloor heating is therefore particularly easy.

The building element according to the invention extends between two load-bearing walls of the building. It is advantageous for the upper layer to have a certain distance from these walls, so that the transmission of sound into the load-bearing walls, i.e. into the partition walls, is reduced. Within the top layer there is of course noise transmission due to vibrations through the body. This can, for example, have a negative effect, if the upper layer is spread as a floor in two adjacent rooms of the same floor. With the help of building elements, which are in accordance with the invention, the transmission of noise due to vibrations through the floor can also be reduced here, so that the upper layer is provided with a dividing slot in the area located next to the partition wall of the adjacent rooms. Depending on the floor plan and the position of the building elements, the upper layer can therefore consist of two or more sub-layers separated from each other, which can be made ready-made for the construction site and used there. Where the transmission of sound does not need to be reduced, that means within one room, the upper partial layers can be connected to each other in a known way so that they fit tightly against each other.

Various constructive possibilities can be imagined, how the upper layer can be laid on the protrusions or ribs. One possibility foresees, in accordance with the invention, that a profile made of elastic insulating material, for example, an upside-down U-profile, is placed on the upper belt of the lattice support of the lower layer. Alternatively, a flat strip of steel can be welded on the upper belt of the lattice support, on which a strip of elastic insulating material is placed.

Another form of performance for placing the upper layer consists in realizing the invention in such a way that the U-shaped load-bearing sheets are placed on the upper side of the lattice support. The insulating layer is applied to the upper side of the lamella and, for example, is also fixed by gluing. The arms of the U-shaped load-bearing sheets extend over the lattice support on the upper side and overlap with their arms on the outside of the diagonal rods. Therefore, the profile of the load-bearing sheet is not shaped strictly as a U-profile, but is shaped with slightly spaced arms. Such load-bearing sheets can be placed at a distance from each other. They have, for example, a length of 30 to 50 cm. The distance between adjacent load-bearing sheets can be more than twice the length of one load-bearing sheet.

It can be imagined, however, that the load-bearing sheets are welded to the lattice supports, and a simple fastening consists, according to the embodiment according to the invention, in that the arms of the load-bearing sheets have impressions or something similar, which enables the gripping of the diagonal rods on both sides of the upper belt . This operation is of such a type that when the load-bearing sheets are installed from above, the diagonal rods engage the areas made by pressing with a snap connection.

When applied to the roof construction, the building element is placed with the lower layer on the upper side of the building wall according to one embodiment of the invention. For the floor that lies above, the walls are laid on the lower layer, in certain cases with the insertion of one layer of insulation.

In the invention, the lower panel of the building element, which is in accordance with the invention, is supported on the upper side of the wall. The length of the panel is adjusted, of course, according to the distance between the walls of the room in the building. Lattice supports can, of course, only be placed within the space of the upper walls of the building. Therefore, there is a danger that the lower longer plate does not have sufficient strength in the bearing area. Therefore, according to the invention, a second lattice girder is provided, the nodes of which lie shifted in relation to the nodes of the first lattice girder. In this way, it is ensured that regardless of the expected length of a building element, satisfactory support is achieved in the area of the bearing, either through the first or through the second lattice support. The last one has a lower height than the first one and it is convenient to fit inside the first grid support. Its length can be limited, since it needs to strengthen the bed area in particular.

In the next part, the invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of examples of embodiments shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a section through two building elements that are in accordance with the invention with their bearing on the wall of the building.

Figure 2 shows a section through the view according to Figure 1 along the line 2-2.

Figure 3 shows a top view of the floor plan of one floor of the building, the floor of which is made of construction elements according to Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 4 shows the possibility of laying the upper layer of the building element, which is in accordance with the invention, on the lattice support.

Figure 5 shows another form of laying on a grid support.

Figure 6 shows a similar view to Figure 1 with a separate bed for the top layer.

Figure 7 shows in perspective one supporting sheet for laying the upper layer according to Figure 6.

Figure 8 shows the installation of the load-bearing sheet according to Figure 7 on the upper side of the lattice support.

Figure 9 shows the end area of the mezzanine structure bordering the wall and having a separate upper layer.

Figure 1 shows two building elements 10, 12. The production of building elements 10, 12 will be explained on the basis of building element 10. Building element 10 has a first layer 12, which is made of concrete and can have internal reinforcement (not shown). . The upper and lower sides of layer 12 are plane-parallel. At a vertical distance from it, another plate 16 is placed, which is also plane-parallel and the lattice support has the usual design, whereby the lower base 20 is placed in the layer 16, the upper belt 22 passes above the layer 16, and the upper and lower belts 16, 22 are connected by diagonal rods 24. As can be recognized, the upper layer 14 is slightly thicker than the lower layer 16. However, the lower layer is longer than the upper layer 14, so that it can abut the upper side of the wall 26 of the building. The extension of the wall 28 of the building, which is located above it, rests over the layer of mortar 30 on the upper side of the layer 16, i.e. the lower layer of the building element 12. The upper layer 14 has a gap with respect to the wall 28, which is marked with 32. In this way, it is prevented that the noise from the footsteps from layer 14 is transferred to wall 28.

On the upper belt 22 there is an elastic insulating layer 34, on which the upper layer 14 rests. The upper layer 14 is therefore only placed on the lattice support 18 and is otherwise not connected in any way to the lattice support or the lower layer 16. In Figure 2, there are also once shown lattice support 18 (left and right in Figure 2) and another support, as a possible alternative. The laying of the upper layer 14 is nevertheless well recognizable.

From pictures 1 and 2, it can also be seen that the construction element, as shown in picture 1, is easy to make. The layer 16 with the lattice support 18 is produced by a common industrial process. The same applies to the plate layer 14. After the plate layer 14 is made, it is lifted, turned and laid on the lattice support 18 with the deposit on the upper belt, as described. Additional security against lateral movements may be omitted, however it may be useful to adhere layer 14 tightly to the insulating layer.

Figures 4 and 5 show two examples for laying the layer 14. Figure 4 shows a profile strip 40, made of elastic pressure-resistant insulating material, which has the appearance of an approximately inverted U-profile, and which is placed on the upper belt, as shown. The layer 14 can be laid on the upper side of the strip 40.

Figure 5 shows a design in which a steel strip 42 is welded to the upper belt 22, on which a strip 44 of elastic insulating material is placed. A layer 14 is then placed on this strip. The strip 44 can be glued to the strip 42. A gluing between the strip 44 and the layer 14 can also be performed.

The upper layer 14 is usually slightly smaller than the lower layer 16. It can also be made of individual sub-layers, as will be explained on the basis of Figure 3. Figure 3 shows the floor plan of one floor of a building, the mezzanine structure of which is made of three building blocks. element, as presented on the basis of Figure 1. The division of the floor plan for the rooms above the mezzanine structure is indicated by the walls. It should be recognized that both rooms 50, 52 have the same floor, which is partially made of panels 10a, 10b, or 10d and 10c. In order to avoid that the transmission of sound occurs between the individual rooms 50 to 56, the upper layers of the elements 10a to 10c are therefore divided according to the corresponding distribution of the space. The upper layer of the building element 10a has three partial layers, while the upper layer of the building element 10c has two layers. On the inside of the room, the joints between elements 10a to 10c are closed, while the elements that are connected by welding and the remaining joints are filled with a suitable agent. It is a known technique in itself.

Figure 6 shows the first lattice support 18, which can be compared with the one in Figure 1, whose lower belt passes through the lower layer 16. The upper belt and part of the diagonal rods passes above the lower layer 16 and also above the insulating layer, which is placed on the lower layer 16. The second lattice support 63, in Figure 6, has a lower band 62, which also extends over the plate 16 and whose upper band 64 extends in the insulating layer 60. The second lattice support 63, which is located only in the end region of the building element shown, is inserted into the first lattice support 18. Its nodes lie halfway between the adjacent nodes of the first lattice support 18. From Figure 1, it can be recognized that the first lattice support 18 extends far enough into the bearing area on the lower wall 26 and thereby ensuring satisfactory stability. With the lattice support 18, according to Figure 6, this is not the case. The offset arrangement of the nodes for the second grid support 63 ensures that, even if the length of the first grid support 18 is insufficient, the second grid support 63 ensures sufficient strength, since one node comes to rest in the bearing area. Since the second lattice support 63 serves mainly only to reinforce the bearing area, it does not have to extend over the entire length of the first lattice support 18, i.e. the building element.

The lower layer 16 is supported over a thin layer of concrete mortar 66 on the upper side of the wall 26. The upper wall 28 rests over the mortar layer 68 on the lower layers of adjacent elements. The upper layer 14 is supported on the upper side of the lattice support 18 via the supporting sheet 70. The construction of the supporting sheet follows from Figures 7 and 8.

The supporting sheets are approximately U-shaped with arms 72, 74 that diverge slightly. The arms 72, 74 extend over the upper belt 20 and the joining area of the diagonal rods 76, 78 (Figure 8). The joining areas, which are arched, are, as usual, laterally welded to the upper belt 20. The arms 72, 74 have indentations 80 which are spaced apart. They are positioned so that the protrusions thus created on the inner side of the arms 72, 74 engage the joining areas of the diagonal rods 76, 74, as shown in Figure 8. Thus, the load-bearing sheets 70 can be attached to the upper side of the lattice support 18, wherein the lamella 82 rests on the upper belt 20. The lamella 82 can have an elastomer strip 84 glued on it. The top layer 14 then rests on this, as shown in Figure 6.

As can further be seen from Figure 6, the supporting sheets 70 have a limited length, from, for example, 30 to 50 cm and are placed at a distance, whereby the distance can be more than twice the length of the supporting sheet.

The view according to Figure 9 differs from Figure 6 in that the upper layer 14a can take over the lines 90 for underfloor heating. Insertion of the upper layer 14a can be carried out according to figure 6 or according to other forms of performance, as presented in other figures.

Figure 9 also shows how a strip of foam material was inserted into the gap between the upper layer and the upper wall.

Claims (21)

1. A building element for mezzanine construction in buildings, which is made so that it rests with the opposite ends on the wall of the building, with the first self-supporting plate layer made of concrete or concrete-like material, which forms the floor of one floor of the building, with the second self-supporting plate layer of concrete or a concrete-like material, which is at a vertical distance from the first layer and which has upwardly directed projections or ribs, which forms the ceiling for the floor lying below, characterized by the fact that the upper layer (14), which is flat on the lower side and is laid from above on the protrusions (18) or ribs of the lower layer (16) with the insertion of an elastic insulating layer (22, 40, 44). 2. Building element according to patent claim 1, characterized in that the ribs are made in one part with the bottom layer. 3. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusions are made of the reinforcement of the lower layer, preferably of lattice supports (18), whose lower belt (20) passes inside the lower layer (16). 4. Building element in accordance with patent claim 3, characterized in that a profile (40) made of elastic insulating material is placed on the upper belt (22) of the lattice support (18). 5. Building element according to claim 4, characterized in that the profile (40) is shaped as an inverted U-shape. 6. Building element according to patent claim 3, characterized in that a flat strip (43) made of steel is welded to the upper belt (22) of the lattice support (18), on which a strip (44) of elastic insulating material is placed. 7. Building element according to one of the patent claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the upper layer (14) is secured by gluing on the protrusions or ribs against displacement to the side. 8. Building element according to one of patent claims 1 to 7, characterized in that installations, such as pipes, lines or the like, are placed in the space between the upper and lower layers (14, 16). 9. Building element according to one of the patent claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the upper layer (14) takes over the lines for floor heating. 10. Mezzanine construction in buildings, with plate building elements, which are placed on the opposite ends of the wall of the building and each of which has a first self-supporting plate layer made of concrete or concrete-like material and a second self-supporting plate layer made of concrete or concrete-like material, which is at a vertical distance from the first layer, the second layer having protrusions or ribs projecting upwards and the first layer representing the floor for one floor of the building and the second layer representing the ceiling for the floor lying below it, indicated by the fact that the upper layer (14), which is flat on the lower side, is laid from above on the ridges or ribs of the lower layer (16) with the insertion of an elastic insulating layer (34), and the lower layer (16) is placed on the upper side of the building wall (26). 11. Mezzanine construction in accordance with patent claim 10, characterized in that the upper layer (14) has a gap at the bed ends from the building wall (28) towards which it faces. 12. Mezzanine construction in accordance with patent claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the upper layer (14) consists of two or more separate sections of the layer, which are measured and placed according to a predetermined pattern. 13. A mezzanine construction in accordance with one of patent claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the wall (28), which is located on the same floor, is supported over the insulating layer (30) on the upper side of the second or lower layer (16) of the building element (10, 12). 14. Mezzanine construction in accordance with one of patent claims 10 or 11, characterized in that between the upper layer (14a) and the partition wall (28) a strip (92) of soft elastic material, preferably of foam material, is placed. 15. Building element in accordance with patent claim 3, characterized in that the load-bearing sheets (70), which have a U-shape, are placed on the upper side of the lattice supports (18), on which sheets, over the insulating layer (84), the upper layer (14) is placed. 16. Building element according to patent claim 15, characterized in that the load-bearing sheets (70), which have a U-shape, are placed at intervals. 17. Building element according to patent claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the arms (72, 74) of the load-bearing sheets (70) have impressions (80) or the like, which cover the connecting area of the diagonal rods (76, 78) on both sides upper belt (20). 18. A building element in accordance with one of the patent claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a second lattice support (63) is provided, whose lower belt (62) passes through the lower plate (16) and whose upper belt (64) passes on distance from the top plate (14), and the nodes of the first and second lattice supports (18, 63) are placed offset from each other. 19. Building element according to patent claim 18, characterized in that each of the second lattice supports (63) is placed inside the first lattice supports (18). 20. Building element according to patent claim 18 or 19, characterized in that each of the nodes of the second lattice support (63) lies approximately in the middle between adjacent nodes of the first lattice support (18). 21. Building element according to one of patent claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the second lattice support (63) has a limited length and is placed between the plates only in the end area.