HRP20010698A2

HRP20010698A2 - Star-to-triangle switching element

Info

Publication number: HRP20010698A2
Application number: HR20010698A
Authority: HR
Inventors: Lovrenčić Alojz; Pihler Jože
Original assignee: Vitalner Sport D O O
Priority date: 1999-03-24
Filing date: 2001-09-24
Publication date: 2003-06-30
Also published as: JP2002540560A; LV12800B; PL349973A1; SI20293A; EA200100986A1; DE60007846T2; WO2000057444A1; DE60007846D1; CA2367170A1; LT2001091A; ATE258335T1; LV12800A; AU4323900A; HK1044221A1; BG64574B1; AP2001002292A0; EP1163691A1; CN1350694A; YU67801A; EP1163691B1

Description

Predmet izuma je preklopni element zvijezda-trokut, koji omogućuje uključivanje, pogon i rad asihronskih elektromotora i uspješno nadomješta poznate izvedbe kontaktorske kombinacije za upravljanje asinhronih elektromotora snage iznad 4 kW. Izum spada općenito u razred H 01 H, odnosno podrobnije u razred H 01 H 03/46 međunarodne patentne klasifikacije. The subject of the invention is a star-delta switching element, which enables switching on, driving and operation of asynchronous electric motors and successfully replaces the known versions of the contactor combination for controlling asynchronous electric motors with power above 4 kW. The invention generally belongs to class H 01 H, or more specifically to class H 01 H 03/46 of the international patent classification.

Tehnički problem koji predloženi izum uspješno rješava je konstrukcija i izvedba takvog preklopnog elementa, koji bi omogućio uspješnu zamjenu kombinacije većih kontaktorskih elemenata, prije svega kod aplikacija, gdje lako jedan element zamjenjuje kombinaciju dva ili tri kontaktora koji su po dosadašnjim rješenjima potrebni i čine sklop, pri čemu je potrebno snagu u upravljačkom dijelu između kontaktora pravilno povezati s vodičem, pa lako u suprotnom primjeru dođe do štete ili cijelog uništenja sklopa. The technical problem that the proposed invention successfully solves is the construction and performance of such a switching element, which would enable the successful replacement of a combination of larger contactor elements, above all in applications where one element easily replaces the combination of two or three contactors that are required according to the previous solutions and make up the circuit. where it is necessary to properly connect the power in the control part between the contactors to the conductor, so in the opposite example it is easy to damage or completely destroy the circuit.

Poznata rješenja, koja rješavaju postavljeni tehnički problem, npr. pogon i rad elektromotora snage iznad 4 kW, sadržavaju tri klasična kontaktora i vremenski relej za preklop iz položaja zvijezda u položaj trokut, da sklop pravilno djeluje potrebno je elektronske kontakte sva tri kontaktora međusobno povezati s vodičima, što je kod sklopova veće snage fizički teže izvedivo, pa ide na veće presjeke vodica. Well-known solutions, which solve the set technical problem, e.g. the drive and operation of an electric motor with a power of more than 4 kW, contain three classic contactors and a time relay for switching from the star position to the triangle position. For the circuit to work properly, it is necessary to connect the electronic contacts of all three contactors to each other with conductors, which is physically more difficult to do with circuits of higher power, so it goes to larger cross-sections of conductors.

Konstrukcijsko rješenje preklopnog elementa po izumu osiguravaju tri međusobno nezavisna položaja, što se preko prenosnih elemenata prenose u kontaktni dio, gdje pomični nosač gibljivih kontakata sa svojim gibanjem spaja odgovarajuće kontakte pri čemu se ostvari najprije napajanje elektromotora - zvijezda (Y) - s povratnim vezivanjem na zvjezdište i po isteku određenog vremena napajanje - trokut (D) - što odgovara nazivnom naponu namotaja elektromotora, dvostupanjskom zaletu Y-D. Kontaktni sistem osigurava nesmetano djelovanje i znatno pojednostavljuje klasične kontaktorske kombinacije s upotrebom tri kontaktora i vremenskog releja. Trenutak preklopa je podesiv i ovisi o opterećenju, kojeg elektromotor tjera dok je pozicija startera (pokretača) signalizirana. The construction solution of the switching element according to the invention ensures three mutually independent positions, which are transferred to the contact part via the transfer elements, where the movable support of the flexible contacts with its motion connects the corresponding contacts, whereby the electric motor - star (Y) - is first supplied with feedback on constellation and after a certain time the power supply - triangle (D) - which corresponds to the rated voltage of the electric motor winding, two-stage start Y-D. The contact system ensures smooth operation and greatly simplifies classic contactor combinations with the use of three contactors and a time relay. The folding moment is adjustable and depends on the load, which is driven by the electric motor while the position of the starter is signaled.

Preklopni element zvijezda-trokut po izumu će biti podrobnije obrazložen na osnovu izvedbenog primjera i slika od kojih: The star-delta folding element according to the invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of a practical example and pictures of which:

slika 1 preklopni element zvijezda-trokut po izumu u shematskom pogledu u presjeku i od sprijeda Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional and frontal view of the star-delta folding element according to the invention

slika 2 preklopni element zvijezda-trokut po izumu u presjeku i pogledu s uzdužne strane Fig. 2 star-triangle folding element according to the invention in cross-section and longitudinal view

slika 3 preklopni element zvijezda-trokut po izumu u presjeku i pogledu odozgo Fig. 3 star-delta folding element according to the invention in section and top view

slika 4 preklopni element zvijezda-trokut po izumu u presjeku i pogledu sa strane Fig. 4 star-triangle folding element according to the invention in cross-section and side view

Pogon se sastoji od dvije fiksne magnetne kotve 1 i jedne pokretne magnetne kotve 2. Na fiksnim magnetnim kotvama 1 su s posebnim kopčama 3 pričvršćeni kalemi 4,5 koji u prikazanom stanju svaki za sebe predstavlja po jedan aktivni položaj preklopnog elementa po izumu. Između njih lebdi pokretna magnetna kotva 2, koja ima oblik dvostrukog velikog slova E i giba se po bočnoj strani metalnih vodilica 6, koje istovremeno omogućuju također odgovarajući razmak fiksnih magnetskih kotvi 1. Pokretna magnetna kotva 2 u neaktivnom stanju kalema 4,5 miruje, što predstavlja treći - isključujući položaj elementa. Pokretna magnetna kotva 2 prenosi silu preko čeličnog nosača 7 i prijenosne poluge 8 na pomični nosač 9 pokretnih kontakata 10,11,12 u kontaktnom dijelu preklopnog elementa. The drive consists of two fixed magnetic anchors 1 and one movable magnetic anchor 2. Coils 4,5 are attached to the fixed magnetic anchors 1 with special clips 3, which in the shown state each represent one active position of the switching element according to the invention. Between them floats the movable magnetic armature 2, which has the shape of a double uppercase letter E and moves along the side of the metal guides 6, which at the same time also enable the corresponding spacing of the fixed magnetic anchors 1. The movable magnetic armature 2 in the inactive state of the spool 4,5 is at rest, which represents the third - excluding element position. The movable magnetic anchor 2 transmits the force via the steel support 7 and the transmission lever 8 to the movable support 9 of the movable contacts 10,11,12 in the contact part of the switching element.

Dovodni fiksni kontakti L1, L2, L3 su namješteni na jednoj strani preklopnog elementa a odvodni fiksni kontakti U1, V1, W1 i U2, V2, W2 na drugoj strani što također odgovara oznakama priključne ploče elektromotora. Kontakti su pokriveni sa dva izolacijska pokrova 31 s otvorima za priključne žice. Supply fixed contacts L1, L2, L3 are arranged on one side of the switching element and drain fixed contacts U1, V1, W1 and U2, V2, W2 on the other side, which also corresponds to the markings of the electric motor connection plate. The contacts are covered with two insulating covers 31 with openings for connection wires.

U aktivnom stanju kalema 4 se pomični nosač 9 s kontaktima 10, 11, 12 pomakne u položaj a. Struja opterećenja s dovodnih fiksnih kontakata L1, L2, L3 preko pokretnih kontakata 11 teče na odvodne fiksne kontakte U1, V1, W1 i preko žica u namotaje elektromotora. Krajevi namotaja su povezani na fiksne kontakte U2, V2, W2, gdje se preko pokretnih kontakata 10 spoji zvjezdište 13. Namotaj elektromotora je napajan s naponom 230V (Y) i rotor motora doseže 2/3 nominalnih okretaja. In the active state of the coil 4, the movable support 9 with contacts 10, 11, 12 moves to position a. The load current from the supply fixed contacts L1, L2, L3 flows through the movable contacts 11 to the drain fixed contacts U1, V1, W1 and through the wires in electric motor windings. The ends of the winding are connected to fixed contacts U2, V2, W2, where the constellation 13 is connected via moving contacts 10. The winding of the electric motor is supplied with a voltage of 230V (Y) and the motor rotor reaches 2/3 of the nominal revolutions.

Po proteku vremena uključivanja, kalem 4 postane neaktivan, a aktivan postane kalem (5) koji uzrokuje da se pomični nosač 9 s kontaktima 10, 11, 12 pomakne u položaj b. Time se zvjezdište 13 otvori i preko pokretnih kontakata 11, 12 i fiksnih kontakata U1, V1, W1 i U2, V2, V3 provodi struju u namotaj elektromotora. U tom trenutku je namotaj elektromotora napajan s naponom 400 V (D) što je nominalni napon namotaja elektromotora, rotor postiže u tom slučaju nominalne okretaje i tako trajno radi. After the switch-on time has passed, coil 4 becomes inactive, and coil (5) becomes active, which causes the movable support 9 with contacts 10, 11, 12 to move to position b. This opens the constellation 13 through movable contacts 11, 12 and fixed of contacts U1, V1, W1 and U2, V2, V3 conducts current into the winding of the electric motor. At that moment, the winding of the electric motor is supplied with a voltage of 400 V (D), which is the nominal voltage of the winding of the electric motor, the rotor reaches the nominal revolutions in this case and thus works permanently.

Preklopni element zvijezda-trokut je upravljan kao svaki klasični kontaktor, lako samo s prekidačem (sklopkom) 0-1 ili preko isklopne i uklopne tipke poznatog daljinskog prekidača (sklopke), montaža je moguća na standardnu nosivu letvu ili s vijcima. The star-delta switching element is controlled like any classic contactor, easily only with a switch (switch) 0-1 or via the off and on button of a known remote switch (switch), mounting is possible on a standard load-bearing rail or with screws.

Claims

1. Star-delta switching element, indicated by the fact that fixed magnetic anchors (1) are arranged in the drive part, in which coils (4,5) are attached with special clips and offset from each other with spacer plates (6), which at the same time serve as a common the guide of the magnetic anchors (2) and the cutout (c) into which the movable metal support (7) fits, so that the magnetic anchor (2) has limited movement.

2. Star-triangle switching element, characterized by the fact that the movable metal support (7) is guided vertically into the grooves of the housing (32) and in its lower part (14) is adapted for placing the round head (15) of the transmission lever (8).

3. The star-delta switching element, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that easily removable clips (3) can be locked in the corresponding two teeth (16) on the coils (4, 5) by mounting the coil (4,5) on the permanent magnetic armature 1 5)

4. Star-delta switching element, characterized by the fact that the transfer lever (8) is flexible by means of a round thick central part (17), which moves in a semi-circular sliding bearing of the housing (18) and is also fixed in an inserted sliding bearing (19) with a steel seger ring (20) in the channel of the housing, while the round heads (15,21) on the sides of the transmission lever (8) enable vertical movement of moving parts and horizontal sliding.

5. Star-delta switching element, indicated by the fact that the contact system has two working and one calming position, where three supply connections (L1, L2, L3) are located on one side, and six output connections (U1, V1, W1 , U2, V2, W2) on the other side of the switching element, so that the double fixed contact (22) has only one common terminal (23) per phase.

6. Star-delta switching element, characterized by the fact that the flexible contacts (11) are fixed between the springs (24) due to their double function, and the star (13) is located in the insulating chamber so that it covers all three phase fields (26) which is made possible by specially designed flexible contacts.

7. Star-delta switching element, indicated by the fact that the drive spools (4,5) are controlled via the wires of the longitudinal load-bearing wall (27) in one part of the control elements (28) and connections (29), while the neutral OFF position is enabled by springs (33).

8. Star-delta switching element, indicated by the fact that the cover part of the element (30) also secures the side cover insulating parts (31) of the fixed contacts (L1, L2, L3) and (U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2) with openings for power connections that are placed in the corresponding channels (32) of the housing.