HRP20010287A2

HRP20010287A2 - Process for purification of waste water applying biological treatment and the installation therefor

Info

Publication number: HRP20010287A2
Application number: HR20010287A
Authority: HR
Inventors: Jan Topol
Original assignee: Jan Topol
Priority date: 2001-04-19
Filing date: 2001-04-19
Publication date: 2003-02-28

Description

Oblast tehnike The field of technology

Izum se tiče postupka i postrojenja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda biološkim putem uz korištenje aktivacijskog sistema sa aktiviranim muljem u separatom, što je pogodno uglavnom za male kućne uređaje za pročišćavanje vode. The invention concerns a process and plant for the biological treatment of waste water with the use of an activation system with activated sludge in a separator, which is suitable mainly for small domestic water purification devices.

Dosadašnje stanje tehnike Current state of the art

Pročišćavanje otpadnih voda biološkim putem koristi aktivirani mulj, što je smjesa različitih bakterija i sitnih mikroorganizama. Ovome mulju su za život potrebni hranjivi sastojci koji se nalaze u otpadnoj vodi, a otklanjanjem ovih sastojaka iz otpadne vode dolazi do njenog pročišćavanja. Aktivacijski proces je moguć samo pri dovoljnom dodavanju kisika, što se obično vrši poganjanjem zraka u aktivacijski rezervoar. Do sada poznati aktivacijski uređaji za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda se općenito mogu podijeliti na sisteme sa kontinualnom protokom u aktivacijskom rezervoaru i na sisteme diskontinualne. Kod kontinualnog sistema se otpadne vode poslije grubog prethodnog pročišćavanja puštaju u aktivacijski rezervoar i poslije tehnološki neophodnog vremena, kada sa voda pročišćava, se zajedno sa aktiviranim muljem odvode u samostalni taložnik. U ovoj posudi se mulj taloži a čista voda odlazi kroz odvod. Biological wastewater treatment uses activated sludge, which is a mixture of different bacteria and tiny microorganisms. This sludge needs the nutrients found in the waste water to live, and removing these ingredients from the waste water leads to its purification. The activation process is only possible when sufficient oxygen is added, which is usually done by blowing air into the activation tank. The activation devices known up to now for wastewater treatment can generally be divided into systems with continuous flow in the activation tank and discontinuous systems. In the case of a continuous system, waste water is released into the activation tank after rough pre-treatment and after the technologically necessary time, when the water is purified, it is taken together with the activated sludge to an independent settling tank. In this container, sludge settles and clean water goes through the drain.

Kod sistema sa diskontinualnom protokom se otpadne vode u aktivacijski rezervoar dovode ciklički. Poslije punjenja aktivacijskog rezervoara počinje ciklus pročišćavanja, a koji se okončava prekidom provjetravanja, taloženjem mulja na dnu aktivacijskog rezervoara i na kraju odvođenjem pročišćene vode u odvod. Nakon ispražnjavanja aktivacijskog rezervoara je ciklus okončan a sljedeći počinje ponovnim punjenjem. To znači da u ovom slučaju sistem ne sadrži taložnik. In systems with discontinuous flow, waste water is fed into the activation tank cyclically. After filling the activation tank, the purification cycle begins, which ends with the cessation of aeration, sedimentation of sludge at the bottom of the activation tank and, finally, the removal of purified water to the drain. After emptying the activation reservoir, the cycle is finished and the next cycle begins with refilling. This means that in this case the system does not contain a precipitator.

Kod malih kućnih uređaja za pročišćavanje vode dolazi do neuravnoteženog otjecanja otpadnih voda, većinom u jutarnjim i večernjim satima a kakvoća otpadnih voda je istovremeno veoma različita. To uzrokuje poteškoće prilikom pročišćavanja u normalnim kućnim uređaj ma za pročišćavanje, prije svega u sistemima sa kontinualnom protokom kroz aktivacijski rezervoar. In the case of small household water purification devices, there is an unbalanced outflow of waste water, mostly in the morning and evening hours, and the quality of the waste water is at the same time very different. This causes difficulties during purification in normal household purification devices, especially in systems with continuous flow through the activation tank.

Bit izuma The essence of invention

Gore navedene nedostatke otklanja postupak pročišćavanja otpadnih voda koji se zasniva na izumu kod kojega u akumulacijski rezervoar koji ujedno ispunjava i egalizacijsku funkciju, ulazi otpadna voda. U ovom rezervoaru dolazi do homogenizacije i prethodnog pročišćavanja otpadne vode. Otpadna voda bez grubih nečistoća se kontinualno crpi pomoću zračne crpke u aktivacijski rezervoar gdje se pročišćavanje okončava. Smjesa pročišćene otpadne vode i mulja se istovremeno pomoću zračne crpke prenosi u taložnik koji je uložen u aktivacijskom rezervoaru i njegov je sastavni dio. Dio smjese mulja i pročišćene vode odlazi kroz otvor u dnu taložnika natrag u aktivacijski rezervoar a dio bez staloženog mulja se podiže do površine taložnika i odlazi u odvod za čistu vodu. The above-mentioned shortcomings are eliminated by the wastewater treatment process, which is based on an invention in which wastewater enters the accumulation reservoir, which also fulfills the equalization function. Homogenization and preliminary purification of waste water takes place in this tank. Waste water without coarse impurities is continuously pumped by means of an air pump into the activation tank, where the purification is completed. The mixture of purified waste water and sludge is simultaneously transferred by means of an air pump to the precipitator, which is placed in the activation tank and is an integral part of it. Part of the mixture of sludge and purified water goes through the hole in the bottom of the settling tank back into the activation tank, and the part without settled sludge rises to the surface of the settling tank and goes into the drain for clean water.

Bit izuma počiva u tome što se aktivacijski i akumulacijski rezervoar naizmjenično provjetravaju, tako da nikada ne dolazi do istovremenog provjetravanja. Prespajanje provjetravanja između akumulacijskog i aktivacijskog rezervoara, to jest između prvoga i drugoga aktivacijskog stupnja, je namješteno u pravilnim vremenskim intervalima ili ovisi o razini otpadne vode u akumulacijskom rezervoaru. Ujedno sa provjetravanjem aktivacijskog rezervoara dolazi do provjetravanja rezervoara za mulj. U slučaju maksimalnog punjenja akumulacijskog rezervoara se prekidač isključuje i uređaj radi u drugom aktivacijskom stupnju. Poslije opadanja razine otpadne vode u akumulacijskom rezervoaru ispod ove maksimalne razine se uređaj vraća u naizmjenični, preključni režim. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the activation and accumulation tanks are alternately aerated, so that simultaneous aeration never occurs. The switching of ventilation between the accumulation and activation reservoirs, that is, between the first and second activation stage, is set at regular time intervals or depends on the level of waste water in the accumulation reservoir. Simultaneously with the aeration of the activation tank, the sludge tank is aerated. In case of maximum filling of the storage tank, the switch is turned off and the device works in the second activation stage. After the waste water level in the storage tank drops below this maximum level, the device returns to alternating, key mode.

Dvostepeni aktivacijski uređaj za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda biološkim putem sa aktiviranim mulj em u separatom se sastoji od akumulacijskog rezervoara sa dotokom otpadne vode, postrojenjem za provjetravanje i senzorima maksimalne i havarijske razine. Iz ovog rezervoara se otpadna voda precrpljuje pomoću zračne crpke nepročišćene vode u aktivacijski rezervoar, koji sadrži postrojenje za provjetravanje i zračnu crpku za punjenje taložnika u kojem se nalazi odvod pročišćene vode. U aktivacijskom rezervoaru se dalje nalazi zračna crpka za precrpljavanje suvišnog mulja u provjetravani rezervoar za mulj. Provjetravanje rezervoara za mulj je spojeno sa provjetravanjem aktivacijskog rezervoara u istoj grani aeracijskog sistema. Drugu granu aeracijskog sistema predstavlja provjetravanje akumulacijskog rezervoara. Naizmjeničnu aktivaciju obadvije grane aeracijskog sistema regulira prekidač. Prekidač je u vidu ili tajmera ili senzora razine koji se nalazi u akumulacijskom rezervoaru. U slučaju daje prekidač tajmer, u akumulacijskom rezervoaru se nalazi senzor maksimalne razine za zablokiranje provjetravanja ovog akumulacijskog rezervoara. U taložniku se nalazi zračna crpka za plivajuće nečistoće, koja se aktivira samo za vrijeme provjetravanja akumulacijskog rezervoara. The two-stage activation device for the biological treatment of waste water with activated sludge in the separator consists of an accumulation tank with an inflow of waste water, an aeration plant and sensors for maximum and emergency levels. Waste water is pumped from this reservoir by means of an air pump of untreated water into the activation tank, which contains an aeration plant and an air pump for filling the precipitator in which the purified water drain is located. In the activation tank, there is also an air pump for pumping excess sludge into the aerated sludge tank. The aeration of the sludge tank is connected with the aeration of the activation tank in the same branch of the aeration system. The second branch of the aeration system is the aeration of the storage tank. The alternating activation of both branches of the aeration system is regulated by a switch. The switch is either a timer or a level sensor located in the storage tank. In the event that the switch provides a timer, there is a maximum level sensor in the storage tank to block the ventilation of this storage tank. There is an air pump for floating impurities in the precipitator, which is activated only during the aeration of the storage tank.

Svaki od rezervoara uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda ima specifične osobine koje u cjelini stvaraju postrojenje sa visokom korisnom vrijednošću te minimalnim zahtjevima za opsluživanje uređaja. Each of the reservoirs of the wastewater treatment plant has specific characteristics that, as a whole, create a plant with a high useful value and minimal requirements for servicing the device.

Prednost uređaja izrađenog na ovom postupku je visoka pouzdanost rada, minimalni zahtjevi za održavanje, pogodnost za nepravilnu rekreacijsku uporabu i visoka otpornost na nagla opterećenja i neuravnoteženu kakvoću otpadnih voda. Nagli dotok vode se akumulira u aktivacijskom rezervoaru na dovodu i postepeno se crpi u aktivacijski rezervoar. Time je aktivacijski rezervoar, uključujući taložnik, zaštićen od hidrauličkog preopterećenja, uslijed čega dolazi do boljeg pročišćavanja otpadnih voda. Zapremina taložnika je također manja u odnosu na poznate uređaje za pročišćavanje bez egalizacijskog rezervoara. The advantage of the device made using this process is high operational reliability, minimal maintenance requirements, suitability for irregular recreational use and high resistance to sudden loads and unbalanced waste water quality. A sudden inflow of water accumulates in the activation reservoir at the inlet and is gradually pumped into the activation reservoir. In this way, the activation reservoir, including the sedimentation tank, is protected from hydraulic overload, resulting in a better purification of waste water. The volume of the precipitator is also smaller compared to known purification devices without an equalization tank.

Prespajanjem provjetravanja dolazi do mijenjanja oksidnih i anoksidnih uvjeta, što je veoma pogodno za biološku karakteristiku aktiviranog mulja. U akumulacijskom rezervoaru ujedno nastaje visoka koncentracija aktiviranog mulja, što je pogodno za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda i otklanjanje raznih kemikalija koje se upotrebljavaju u domaćinstvima, a koje bi mogle ugroziti kvalitetu procesa pročišćavanja u aktivacijskom rezervoaru. By combining aeration, the oxidic and anoxic conditions change, which is very suitable for the biological characteristics of the activated sludge. At the same time, a high concentration of activated sludge is created in the accumulation tank, which is suitable for purifying waste water and removing various chemicals used in households, which could threaten the quality of the purification process in the activation tank.

Grube nečistoće koje se zadržavaju u akumulacijskom rezervoaru, tamo mogu ostati i duže vrijeme. Zato što se ovaj rezervoar provjetrava isprekidano, dolazi do njihove postepene organske razgradnje. Ako se radi o materijama koje se ne mogu organski razgraditi, neophodno je otkloniti ih iz akumulacijskog rezervoara mehanički. U mirujućim periodama, kada se akumulacijski rezervoar ne provjetrava, se u njemu odigravaju denitrifikacijski procesi, to jest razlaganja nitrata u pročišćenoj vodi, koja se u akumulacijski rezervoar pravilno crpi iz aktivacijskog rezervoara. Coarse impurities that remain in the storage tank can remain there for a long time. Because this reservoir is aerated intermittently, their gradual organic decomposition occurs. If it is about substances that cannot be organically decomposed, it is necessary to remove them from the storage tank mechanically. During idle periods, when the storage tank is not aerated, denitrification processes take place in it, that is, the decomposition of nitrates in purified water, which is properly pumped into the storage tank from the activation tank.

Sljedeća prednost je u tome, što zračna crpka nepročišćene vode, takozvana mamutska crpka, povećava svoju snagu prema dubini potopljen]a, to jest prema količini otpadne vode u akumulacijskom rezervoaru. Uslijed toga u slučaju naglog povećanja dotoka vode, ili prilikom dužeg povećanog dotoka se postepeno povećava i snaga crpke nepročišćene vode i to do 5x. The next advantage is that the untreated water air pump, the so-called mammoth pump, increases its power according to the depth of the submersion, that is, according to the amount of waste water in the storage tank. As a result, in the event of a sudden increase in water flow, or during a longer increased flow, the power of the raw water pump gradually increases, up to 5x.

Taložnik je izrađen bez dna i umjesto uobičajenog smještanja zračne crpke na dno taložnika, se u ovom slučaju taložnik puni preko odvoda plinova te sakupljača plivajućih nečistoća. Prednost ovoga rješenja je u tome, što će i prilikom dužeg obustavljanja rada uređaja za pročišćavanje postrojenje ostati funkcionalno i neće doći do začepljenja dna taložnika muljem. The precipitator is made without a bottom and instead of the usual placement of the air pump at the bottom of the precipitator, in this case the precipitator is filled through the gas outlet and the floating dirt collector. The advantage of this solution is that, even when the operation of the treatment device is stopped for a long time, the plant will remain functional and the bottom of the precipitator will not be clogged with sludge.

Sljedeća prednost uređaja za pročišćavanje prema ovom izumu je odvođenje plivajućeg mulja i nečistoća sa razine taložnika. Prednost ovoga postrojenja u sistemu dva rezervoara je u tome, što se postrojenje za otcrpljivanje - mamutska crpka - uključuje u trenutku prespajanja hoda uređaja. U ovom slučaju u odvod ne može otjecati mulj koji se podiže sa dna taložnika, zato što ne dolazi do otjecanja čiste vode. Another advantage of the treatment device according to the present invention is the removal of floating sludge and impurities from the settling tank level. The advantage of this plant in the system of two reservoirs is that the pump-out plant - the mammoth pump - is turned on at the moment of switching the device's stroke. In this case, the sludge that rises from the bottom of the clarifier cannot flow into the drain, because there is no outflow of clean water.

Velika radna prednost je samostalni rezervoar za mulj sa provjetravanjem i aerobnim stabiliziranjem mulja. Prilikom provjetravanja aktivacijskog rezervoara dolazi istovremeno do provjetravanja rezervoara za mulj. Prilikom provjetravanja akumulacijskog rezervoara se istovremeno odvodi mulj iz aktivacijskog rezervoara i rezervoar za mulj se ne provjetrava, mulj se taloži i suvišna voda se prelijeva u egalizacijski rezervoar. A big working advantage is the independent sludge tank with aeration and aerobic stabilization of the sludge. When aerating the activation tank, the sludge tank is aerated at the same time. During the aeration of the accumulation tank, the sludge is simultaneously drained from the activation tank and the sludge tank is not aerated, the sludge settles and excess water is poured into the equalization tank.

Konstrukcijska prednost je također činjenica da su sve crpke zračne i električni pogon cijelog uređaja osigurava jedan ili dva kompresora, te da su razvodnici do pojedinih postrojenja riješeni pomoću kalibriranih mlaznica bez potrebe podešavanja. The construction advantage is also the fact that all pumps are air-powered and the electric drive of the entire device is provided by one or two compressors, and that the distributors to individual plants are solved using calibrated nozzles without the need for adjustment.

Pregled slika u dokumentaciji View images in the documentation

Na priloženim crtežima je prikazana jedna od mogućih izvedbi aktivacijskog uređaja za pročišćavanje prema izumu. Na slici br. 1 je uređaj prikazan u horizontalnoj projekciji, na slici 2 je njegova principijelna shema u izvedbi sa tajmerom. Na slici br. 3 je prikazana izvedba akumulacijskog rezervoara sa prekidačem u vidu plovka, a na slikama 4 i 5 su alternativne mogućnosti izvođenja aeracijskog sistema. The attached drawings show one of the possible versions of the activation device for purification according to the invention. In picture no. 1 is the device shown in a horizontal projection, in Fig. 2 is its principle scheme in the version with a timer. In picture no. 3 shows the design of the storage tank with a switch in the form of a float, and pictures 4 and 5 show alternative options for the design of the aeration system.

Primjer izvedbe izuma An example of an embodiment of the invention

Dvostepeni aktivacijski uređaj za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda prema slikama 1 i 2 obuhvata akumulacijski rezervoar 1, aktivacijski rezervoar 2, taložnik 15 i rezervoar za mulj 19. U akumulacijskom rezervoaru 1 je instaliran sistem za provjetravanje 3, koji predstavlja zračna crpka 4 ulazne nepročišćene vode, takozvana mamutska crpka, koja ima filtar 5 grubih nečistoća. Dalje sadrži dovod 6 otpadnih voda, senzor 9 razine za blokiranje i havarijski senzor 8 za zvučno i svjetlosno signaliziranje. U aktivacijskom rezervoaru 2 se nalazi postrojenje za provjetravanje 10, na dovodu nepročišćene vode sakupljač 11 plivajućih nečistoća, zračna crpka 12 za otklanjanje mulja i zračna crpka 13 taložnika sa sakupljačem 14 plivajućih nečistoća. Taložnik 15 ima u dnu otvor 16 sa odvodom 17 u potopljenom zidu sigurnosnog preljeva i dalje zračnu crpku 18 za odvođenje plivajućih nečistoća. Uređaj dalje sadrži rezervoar za mulj sa postrojenjem za provjetravanje 20 koje se alternativno upotrebljava za otcrpljivanje mulja. Postrojenje za provjetravanje 20 se sastoji od mamutske crpke čije je istlačno crijevo na izlazu zatvoreno. Dovedeni zrak tako odlazi kroz dotok rezervoara za mulj i time ga provjetrava i miješa. U slučaju potrebe odvođenja mulja iz rezervoara za mulj 19 se izlaz istlačnog crijeva otvara, čime se prekida provjetravanje i mamutska crpka opet služi svojoj prvobitnoj funkciji, to jest u ovome slučaju za otcrpljivanje mulja. Uređaj dalje prema slici 3 sadrži postrojenje za provjetravanje koje se sastoji od jednoga kompresora 21 i dva elektroventila 22, 23 sa zračnim razvodnicima 24, 25, eventualno kao što je prikazano na si. 5, samo sa jednim trokrakim elektroventilom 30. Druga varijanta je postrojenje za provjetravanje prema slici br. 4, koje sadrži dva kompresora 27, 28 sa razvodnicima zraka bez elektroventila. Sastavni dio postrojenja je i elektrorazvodnik sa tajmerom 26 koji može biti zamijenjen senzorom razine 34, kao stoje navedeno na sl. 3. The two-stage activation device for wastewater treatment according to Figures 1 and 2 includes an accumulation tank 1, an activation tank 2, a precipitator 15 and a sludge tank 19. In the accumulation tank 1, an aeration system 3 is installed, which is an air pump 4 for incoming untreated water, the so-called mammoth pump, which has a filter of 5 coarse impurities. It also contains a waste water inlet 6, a level sensor 9 for blocking and an emergency sensor 8 for sound and light signaling. In the activation tank 2, there is an aeration plant 10, at the raw water supply, a collector 11 of floating impurities, an air pump 12 for sludge removal and an air pump 13 of the settling tank with a collector 14 of floating impurities. The precipitator 15 has an opening 16 at the bottom with a drain 17 in the submerged wall of the safety overflow and further an air pump 18 for removing floating impurities. The device further contains a sludge tank with an aeration plant 20 which is alternatively used for pumping out the sludge. The aeration plant 20 consists of a mammoth pump whose outlet hose is closed. The supplied air thus leaves through the inflow of the sludge tank and thereby aerates and mixes it. In the case of the need to remove sludge from the sludge tank 19, the outlet of the discharge hose is opened, which stops the aeration and the mammoth pump again serves its original function, that is, in this case for pumping out the sludge. The device further according to Figure 3 contains a ventilation system consisting of one compressor 21 and two electrovalves 22, 23 with air distributors 24, 25, possibly as shown in Fig. si. 5, with only one three-way electrovalve 30. Another variant is the ventilation plant according to picture no. 4, which contains two compressors 27, 28 with air distributors without electrovalves. An integral part of the plant is also an electrical distributor with a timer 26, which can be replaced by a level sensor 34, as indicated in Fig. 3.

Otpadne vode utječu dovodom 6 u egalizacijski rezervoar 1 i ravnomjerno se precrpljuju zračnom crpkom 4 neprečišćene vode preko sakupljača 11 plivajućih nečistoća u aktivacijski rezervoar 2, gdje dolazi do njihova čišćenja u drugom aktivacijskom stupnju. Istovremeno se smjesa pročišćenih otpadnih voda i mulja kontinualno crpi pomoću zračne crpke 13 taložnika preko sakupljača 14 plivajućih nečistoća u taložnik 15. Veći dio smjese otpadnih voda i mulja prolazi kroz otvor 16 u dnu taložnika 15 natrag u aktivacijski rezervoar 2. Dio pročišćenih otpadnih voda čija količina odgovara trenutnoj snazi mamutske crpke 4 nepročišćene vode, otječe iz taložnika 15 odvodom 17 pročišćene vode u odvodne cijevi 7 čiste vode. U ovoj fazi istovremeno dolazi do provjetravanja rezervoara za mulj 19 pomoću postrojenja za provjetravanje 20. Filtar 5 grubih nečistoća na ulazu zračne crpke 4 nepročišćene vode je ujedno očišćen pomoću mlaza zraka. U hodu je kompresor 21 sa otvorenim elektroventilom 23 ili kompresor 27. Poslije prolaska vremena namještenog za provjetravanje aktivacijskog rezervoara 2, obično dva do deset sati, elektrorazvodnik sa tajmerom 26 prekida provjetravanje aktivacijskog rezervoara 2 i uključuje provjetravanje akumulacijskog rezervoara 1 te istovremeno crpljenje suvišnoga mulja iz aktivacijskog rezervoara 2 u rezervoar za mulj 19. Time se uključuje prvi aktivacijski stupanj. Provjetravanje akumulacijskog rezervoara 1 traje predviđeno vrijeme, obično pola do dva sata, a poslije opet dolazi do prespajanja hoda uređaja i provjetravanja aktivacijskog rezervoara 2 i rezervoara za mulj 19. U sistemu jednoga kompresora 21 i dva elektroventila 22, 23, tajmer 26 preključuje elektroventile tako da naizmjenično pušta zrak u razvodnik zraka 24 za aktivacijski rezervoar 2 ili u razvodnik zraka 25 za akumulacijski rezervoar 1. Ovo naizmjenično provjetravanje prvoga i drugoga aktivacijskog stupnja traje neprekidno tijekom cijela 24 sata. U slučaju uporabe dva kompresora 27, 28 tajmer 26 naizmjenično uključuje kompresor 27 sa razvodnikom zraka 24 za provjetravanje aktivacijskog rezervoara 2 i kompresor 28 sa razvodnikom zraka 25 za provjetravanje egalizacijskog rezervoara 1 ili preključuje trokraki ventil 30. Ukoliko dođe do povećanog utjecanja otpadnih voda i razina u akumulacijskom rezervoaru 1 se podigne na blokirajuću razinu 29, senzor razine 9 blokira prespajanje hoda uređaja da prilikom ponovnog precrpljivanja ne bi došlo do daljnjeg podizanja razine u egalizacijskom rezervoaru 1. Prilikom daljnjeg podizanja razine u akumulacijskom rezervoaru 1 havarijski prekidač 8 uključuje zvučno i svjetlosno signaliziranje. Poslije opadanja otpadne vode u akumulacijskom rezervoaru 1 ispod blokirajuće razine 29 dolazi do odblokiranja elektrorazvodnika sa tajmerom 26 i uređaj dalje radi u naizmjeničnom režimu kao što je gore navedeno. Waste water enters the equalization tank 1 through inlet 6 and is evenly pumped by the air pump 4 of untreated water through the collector 11 of floating impurities into the activation tank 2, where it is cleaned in the second activation stage. At the same time, the mixture of purified waste water and sludge is continuously pumped using the air pump 13 of the clarifier through the collector 14 of floating impurities into the clarifier 15. The greater part of the mixture of waste water and sludge passes through the opening 16 in the bottom of the clarifier 15 back into the activation tank 2. Part of the purified waste water whose the amount corresponds to the current power of the mammoth pump 4 of untreated water, it flows from the precipitator 15 through the drain 17 of purified water into the drain pipe 7 of clean water. In this phase, the sludge tank 19 is simultaneously aerated by means of the aeration plant 20. The filter 5 of coarse impurities at the inlet of the air pump 4 of untreated water is simultaneously cleaned by means of an air jet. The compressor 21 with the open electric valve 23 or the compressor 27 is running. After the time set for aerating the activation tank 2 has passed, usually two to ten hours, the electrical distributor with the timer 26 interrupts the aeration of the activation tank 2 and turns on the aeration of the accumulation tank 1 and simultaneously pumping the excess sludge from activation tank 2 into the sludge tank 19. This turns on the first activation stage. The aeration of the storage tank 1 lasts for the specified time, usually half an hour to two hours, and then there is a switching of the device and the aeration of the activation tank 2 and the sludge tank 19. In the system of one compressor 21 and two electrovalves 22, 23, the timer 26 switches the electrovalves so that it alternately lets air into the air distributor 24 for the activation tank 2 or into the air distributor 25 for the accumulation tank 1. This alternating ventilation of the first and second activation stage lasts continuously for the whole 24 hours. In the case of using two compressors 27, 28, the timer 26 alternately switches on the compressor 27 with the air distributor 24 for aerating the activation tank 2 and the compressor 28 with the air distributor 25 for aerating the equalization tank 1 or switches the three-way valve 30. If there is an increased influence of waste water and levels in the storage tank 1 rises to the blocking level 29, the level sensor 9 blocks the switching of the device stroke so that during re-pumping, the level in the equalization tank 1 does not rise further. When the level in the storage tank 1 rises further, the emergency switch 8 turns on sound and light signaling . After the waste water in the storage tank 1 drops below the blocking level 29, the electrical distributor with the timer 26 is unblocked and the device continues to work in alternating mode as stated above.

U slučaju da je kao prekidač upotrijebljen senzor razine 34 koji se nalazi u akumulacijskom rezervoaru 1 i priključen je na elektrorazvodnik 31, prespajanje provjetravanja se izvršava prema razini u akumulacijskom rezervoaru 1. Ukoliko se razina u akumulacijskom rezervoaru 1 ne spusti ispod određene minimalne razine 32, izvodi se kontinualna aktivacija u aktivacijskom rezervoaru 2 te se istovremeno provjetrava rezervoar za mulj 19 i kontinualno se precrpljuje smjesa pročišćenih otpadnih voda i mulja u taložnik 15 i nakon toga u odvodnu cijev 7. U slučaju opadanja razine u akumulacijskom rezervoaru 1 ispod određene minimalne razine 32 senzor razine 34 prespaja uređaj u prvi aktivacijski stupanj. Kada se razina u akumulacijskom rezervoaru zbog utjecanja otpadnih voda podigne iznad preključne razine 33, dolazi do ponovnog prespajanja uređaja u drugi aktivacijski stupanj. In the event that the level sensor 34 located in the storage tank 1 and connected to the electrical distributor 31 is used as a switch, the ventilation is switched according to the level in the storage tank 1. If the level in the storage tank 1 does not drop below a certain minimum level 32, continuous activation is carried out in the activation tank 2 and at the same time the sludge tank 19 is ventilated and the mixture of purified waste water and sludge is continuously pumped into the settling tank 15 and then into the drainage pipe 7. In case of a drop in the level in the accumulation tank 1 below a certain minimum level 32 sensor level 34 switches the device to the first activation stage. When the level in the accumulation tank due to the influence of waste water rises above the critical level 33, the device is re-connected to the second activation stage.

Sve grube nečistoće će se zadržati u akumulacijskom rezervoaru 1, gdje mogu ostati i duže vrijeme. Obzirom na isprekidano provjetravanje dolazi i do njihove postepene organske razgradnje. Ukoliko se radi o materijama koje se ne mogu organski razgraditi, potrebno je otkloniti ih iz akumulacijskog rezervoara 1 mehanički. U mirujućim periodama, kada se akumulacijski rezervoar 1 ne provjetrava, dolazi do denitrifikacijskih procesa, to jest razgradnje nitrata u pročišćenoj vodi koja se u akumulacijski rezervoar 1 pravilno precrpljuje iz aktivacijskog rezervoara 2. All coarse impurities will be retained in the accumulation tank 1, where they can remain for a long time. Due to intermittent ventilation, their gradual organic decomposition occurs. If it is about substances that cannot be organically decomposed, it is necessary to remove them from the accumulation tank 1 mechanically. During idle periods, when the storage tank 1 is not aerated, denitrification processes occur, that is, the decomposition of nitrates in the purified water, which is properly pumped into the storage tank 1 from the activation tank 2.

Claims

1. The process of purifying wastewater biologically with activated sludge in a separator, where when the wastewater passes through the accumulation, activation and sedimentation reservoirs, their activation occurs, which is indicated by the fact that the activation and accumulation reservoirs are alternately ventilated.

2. Waste water purification procedure according to point 1, which is characterized by the fact that the activation and accumulation reservoirs are alternately aerated at precisely set time intervals.

3. Wastewater purification procedure according to point 1, which is indicated by the fact that the alternate ventilation of the activation and accumulation reservoir is regulated according to the level of waste water in the accumulation reservoir.

4. Wastewater purification procedure according to points 1 and 2, which is indicated by the fact that when the blocking level in the storage tank is reached, alternate ventilation is turned off and only the activation tank is aerated, until the wastewater in the storage tank falls below that level.

5. Wastewater purification procedure according to points 1 and 3, which is indicated by the fact that when the waste water in the storage tank falls below a certain minimum level, the activation process in the activation tank ends and the aeration of the storage tank begins, and at the same time the excess sludge is pumped out of the storage tank in sludge tank.

6. Waste water purification procedure according to points 1 to 5, which is indicated by the fact that the sludge tank is aerated at the same time as the activation tank.

7. Wastewater purification procedure according to points 1 to 6, which is characterized by the fact that the precipitator, which is connected to the activation reservoir by means of an opening in the bottom, is filled from the activation reservoir, whereby the amount of activation mixture pumped into the precipitator is greater than the amount of purified water that flows into the drain.

8. Two-stage activation device for biological treatment of waste water with activated sludge in a separator, which includes an accumulation tank with waste water supply, an air pump for untreated water to fill the activation tank and an emergency level sensor, and an activation tank with an aeration plant and an air pump for filling the clarifier, which has a purified water drain, and which is characterized by the fact that the activation tank (2) is equipped with an air pump for removing sludge (12) for pumping excess sludge into the sludge tank (19) which has an aeration plant (20) which together with the aeration (10) of the activation tank (2) is connected to one branch of the aeration system, while the storage tank (1) is equipped with an aeration plant (3) from the other branch of the aeration system, where both of these branches of the aeration system are connected to a switch .

9. Two-stage activation device for wastewater treatment according to item 8, which is characterized by the fact that the switch is in the form of a timer (26).

10. Two-stage activation device for wastewater treatment according to point 8, which is indicated by the fact that the switch is in the form of a level sensor (34) located in the activation tank (1).

11. Two-stage activation device for wastewater treatment according to points 8 to 10, which is characterized by the fact that the aeration system includes a compressor (21) with two valves (22) and (23), whereby the first distributor is connected to the electric valve (23) (24) of air, which represents one branch of the aeration system, while another distributor (25) of air, which represents another branch of the aeration system, is connected to the electrovalve (22).

12. Two-stage activation device for wastewater treatment according to points 8 to 10, which is characterized by the fact that the aeration system includes two compressors (27) and (28), of which the first air distributor (24) is connected to the first compressor (27) and another air distributor (25) is connected to the second compressor (28).

13. Two-stage activation device for wastewater treatment according to points 8 to 10, which is characterized by the fact that the aeration system includes a compressor (21) connected to a three-way electrovalve (30) for alternately switching on the air distributor (24) and (25).

14. Two-stage activation device for wastewater treatment according to points 8, 9 and 11 to 13, which is characterized by the fact that in the storage tank there is a sensor (9) of the blocking level (29) to block the ventilation of this storage tank (1) and an emergency sensor (8) for sound and light signaling.

15. Two-stage activation device for wastewater treatment according to points 8 to 14, which is characterized by the fact that in the precipitator (19) there is a pump (18) for floating impurities, which is activated only during the aeration of the activation tank (2) and the tank for sludge (19).

16. Two-stage activation device for wastewater treatment according to points 8 to 15, characterized in that the aeration plant (20) consists of an air pump whose discharge pipe has a closed outlet.