HK1213983A1 - 提供特定患者計量作為數學模型的函數的系統和方法 - Google Patents
提供特定患者計量作為數學模型的函數的系統和方法Info
- Publication number
- HK1213983A1 HK1213983A1 HK16101579.9A HK16101579A HK1213983A1 HK 1213983 A1 HK1213983 A1 HK 1213983A1 HK 16101579 A HK16101579 A HK 16101579A HK 1213983 A1 HK1213983 A1 HK 1213983A1
- Authority
- HK
- Hong Kong
- Prior art keywords
- function
- mathematical models
- providing patient
- specific dosing
- dosing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N7/00—Computing arrangements based on specific mathematical models
- G06N7/01—Probabilistic graphical models, e.g. probabilistic networks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
- G16H20/10—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/50—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for simulation or modelling of medical disorders
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
- Algebra (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Medical Treatment And Welfare Office Work (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201261710330P | 2012-10-05 | 2012-10-05 | |
| PCT/US2013/063691 WO2014055978A1 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2013-10-07 | System and method for providing patient-specific dosing as a function of mathematical models |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HK1213983A1 true HK1213983A1 (zh) | 2016-07-15 |
Family
ID=50433375
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HK16101579.9A HK1213983A1 (zh) | 2012-10-05 | 2016-02-12 | 提供特定患者計量作為數學模型的函數的系統和方法 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (6) | US10083400B2 (zh) |
| EP (2) | EP4224482A1 (zh) |
| JP (4) | JP6412499B2 (zh) |
| KR (3) | KR102223018B1 (zh) |
| AU (4) | AU2013326801A1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2887072C (zh) |
| HK (1) | HK1213983A1 (zh) |
| IL (3) | IL238115B (zh) |
| SG (2) | SG11201502616WA (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2014055978A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (40)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9238100B2 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2016-01-19 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Device and method for training users of ambulatory medical devices |
| KR102223018B1 (ko) | 2012-10-05 | 2021-03-05 | 다이앤 몰드 | 수학적 모형 함수로서 환자-특이적 투여법을 제공하는 시스템 및 방법 |
| US9238144B2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-01-19 | Neuropace, Inc. | Optimizing data retrieval from an active implantable medical device |
| ES2967617T3 (es) * | 2013-12-06 | 2024-05-03 | Bioverativ Therapeutics Inc | Herramientas de farmacocinética poblacional y sus usos |
| US10713225B2 (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2020-07-14 | Pearson Education, Inc. | Content database generation |
| US9667321B2 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-05-30 | Pearson Education, Inc. | Predictive recommendation engine |
| ITMI20142149A1 (it) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-06-16 | L I A Di Giuseppe Capasso | Apparato di diagnosi differenziale in medicina adattato per determinare la sequenza di test ottimale atta ad identificare una patologia secondo criteri di appropriatezza diagnostica |
| US20190121935A1 (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2019-04-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Phenotypic personalized medicine: adaptive optimization of patient-specific combination therapy |
| EP4050616A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 | 2022-08-31 | Diane R. Mould | Systems and methods for patient-specific dosing |
| CN108697580B (zh) * | 2016-02-26 | 2021-04-27 | 株式会社丰崎会计事务所 | 信息处理装置 |
| US11670409B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2023-06-06 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Method and apparatus for providing a pharmacokinetic drug dosing regiment |
| US10896749B2 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2021-01-19 | Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc. | Drug monitoring tool |
| US20190065684A1 (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-28 | Fitmylife Health Analytics Inc. | Computer program products, methods, and systems for assisting a user to achieve a health-related goal |
| JP7232245B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-30 | 2023-03-02 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | モデル及びイメージングデータに基づく冠動脈健康状態予測 |
| US10803540B2 (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2020-10-13 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | System for validating and appending incident-related data records in a distributed electronic ledger |
| WO2019195733A1 (en) * | 2018-04-05 | 2019-10-10 | University Of Maryland, Baltimore | Method and apparatus for individualized administration of medicaments for delivery within a therapeutic range |
| EP3785271A1 (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2021-03-03 | Diane R. Mould | Systems and methods for modifying adaptive dosing regimens |
| EP3788377A1 (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2021-03-10 | Abbott Laboratories | Hbv diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic methods and products |
| WO2020002478A1 (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-02 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Method and system for personalized hypertension treatment |
| US10810293B2 (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-10-20 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for dynamically adjusting biometric user authentication for accessing a communication device |
| CN111104054B (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2023-10-27 | 伊姆西Ip控股有限责任公司 | 管理输入/输出操作的方法、装置和计算机程序产品 |
| BE1027052A1 (fr) * | 2019-02-14 | 2020-09-07 | Aardex Group | Procede d'assistance a la prise ou a l'acte d'un traitement therapeutique |
| WO2020185699A1 (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | Mould Diane R | Systems and methods for drug-agnostic patient-specific dosing regimens |
| AU2020252109A1 (en) * | 2019-03-31 | 2021-10-28 | Resmed Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for analyzing one or more analytes from a user |
| KR102062157B1 (ko) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-01-03 | 오케스트로 주식회사 | 가상 머신 배치 방법 및 이를 구현하는 가상 머신 배치 장치 |
| JP7342491B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-25 | 2023-09-12 | オムロン株式会社 | 推論装置、推論方法、及び推論プログラム |
| KR102527404B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-29 | 2023-05-02 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 인슐린 투여량 조절 방법 |
| US11823782B2 (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2023-11-21 | Optum, Inc. | Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for administering pain management solutions remotely |
| US11075010B1 (en) | 2020-03-19 | 2021-07-27 | Insight RX, Inc. | Pharmacology model optimization based on distributed data acquisition |
| US20220028527A1 (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-27 | Optimdosing Llc | Smart nutrition dosing |
| KR102559883B1 (ko) * | 2020-09-03 | 2023-07-25 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 마르코프 의사결정 과정을 이용하는 투약 전략 생성 방법 |
| IL308827A (en) | 2021-05-29 | 2024-01-01 | Diane R Mould | Systems and methods for monoclonal antibody nomography |
| KR20230036545A (ko) | 2021-09-07 | 2023-03-14 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 적응적 설계 최적화 기반으로 하는 실험 최적화 시스템 및 그 방법 |
| US20230107786A1 (en) * | 2021-10-05 | 2023-04-06 | Bradford RABIN | Methods and systems for electronically adjusting a dosing pattern of a patient undergoing a medical regimen |
| KR20230128848A (ko) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-09-05 | 한국전자기술연구원 | 목표 농도 조절 주입을 지원하는 약물 투여 장치 및 방법 |
| WO2023212347A1 (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-02 | Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Closed-loop architecture for distributing and administering medicines to patients |
| KR102447046B1 (ko) * | 2022-06-03 | 2022-09-26 | 주식회사 인투인월드 | 인공지능 기반 임상시험 프로토콜 설계 방법, 장치 및 시스템 |
| US20230410968A1 (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-21 | Express Scripts Strategic Development, Inc. | Alternate dose regimen identification system |
| WO2024059692A1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-21 | Abbott Laboratories | Hbv diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic methods and products |
| KR20240042278A (ko) * | 2022-09-23 | 2024-04-02 | 재단법인 아산사회복지재단 | 머신러닝 기술을 활용한 항응고제 초기 적정 용량 예측 방법 및 장치 |
Family Cites Families (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5694950A (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1997-12-09 | J & W Mcmichael Software, Inc. | Method and system for use in treating a patient with immunosuppresants using whole blood level criteria to prevent an adverse immune response |
| US5365948A (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1994-11-22 | J & W Mcmichael Software Inc. | Method for use in treating a patient with FK 506 to prevent an adverse immune response |
| US6267116B1 (en) | 1999-07-06 | 2001-07-31 | The Rxfiles Corporation | Method and system for use in treating a patient with any drug to optimize therapy and prevent an adverse drug |
| US6581607B2 (en) | 1999-07-06 | 2003-06-24 | The Rx Files Corporation | Method and system for use in treating a patient with a biological substance to optimize therapy and prevent an adverse response |
| US6581606B2 (en) | 1999-07-06 | 2003-06-24 | The Rx Files Corporation | Method, apparatus and system for use in treating patient with a drug having an antineoplastic effect to optimize therapy and prevent an adverse drug response |
| US6575169B2 (en) | 1999-07-06 | 2003-06-10 | The Rxfiles Corporation | Method and apparatus for use in treating a patient with any drug to optimize therapy and prevent an adverse drug |
| US7585847B2 (en) | 2000-02-03 | 2009-09-08 | Coley Pharmaceutical Group, Inc. | Immunostimulatory nucleic acids for the treatment of asthma and allergy |
| EP1328806A2 (en) | 2000-09-15 | 2003-07-23 | Virco N.V. | System and method for optimizing drug therapy for the treatment of diseases |
| US6883521B2 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2005-04-26 | Dimensional Dosing Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for dosing single and multi-agent therapy |
| US6578582B2 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2003-06-17 | The Rxfiles Corporation | Method and apparatus using IDS™ for multi-agent therapy |
| US20040122719A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-06-24 | Sabol John M. | Medical resource processing system and method utilizing multiple resource type data |
| US7490085B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2009-02-10 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Computer-assisted data processing system and method incorporating automated learning |
| WO2005004806A2 (en) | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-20 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Combination therapy for treating chronic inflammatory diseases |
| AU2005209275B2 (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2011-05-26 | Fresenius Vial Sas | System for adaptive drug delivery |
| AU2005209909B8 (en) | 2004-02-03 | 2009-01-15 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Compositions and methods for characterizing, regulating, diagnosing, and treating cancer |
| US20050187789A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Advanced patient and medication therapy management system and method |
| US20060036619A1 (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2006-02-16 | Oren Fuerst | Method for accessing and analyzing medically related information from multiple sources collected into one or more databases for deriving illness probability and/or for generating alerts for the detection of emergency events relating to disease management including HIV and SARS, and for syndromic surveillance of infectious disease and for predicting risk of adverse events to one or more drugs |
| US7687608B2 (en) | 2005-10-19 | 2010-03-30 | Smartcells, Inc. | Methods for reducing the mitogenicity of lectin compositions |
| DK2508621T3 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2015-01-12 | Childrens Hosp Medical Center | Optimization and individualization of drug selection and dosage |
| US8781566B2 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2014-07-15 | Angel Medical Systems, Inc. | System and methods for sliding-scale cardiac event detection |
| US8540517B2 (en) | 2006-11-27 | 2013-09-24 | Pharos Innovations, Llc | Calculating a behavioral path based on a statistical profile |
| US8010476B2 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2011-08-30 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | System and method for medical predictive models using likelihood gamble pricing |
| EP2562664B1 (en) | 2007-06-27 | 2020-11-25 | Roche Diabetes Care GmbH | System for determining an insulin delivery and communicating a dose in automated pancreas software |
| WO2010062960A2 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-03 | Cedars-Sinai Medical Center | METHODS OF DETERMINING RESPONSIVENESS TO ANTI-TNFα THERAPY IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE |
| US20100273738A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2010-10-28 | Valcke Christian P | Integrated patient management and control system for medication delivery |
| WO2011059824A2 (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-19 | Medtronic, Inc. | Methods and materials for optimized hepatitis c therapeutic regimens |
| US8843321B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2014-09-23 | Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. | Methods and systems for processing glucose data measured from a person having diabetes |
| US8679009B2 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2014-03-25 | Flint Hills Scientific, Llc | Systems approach to comorbidity assessment |
| US8951192B2 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2015-02-10 | Flint Hills Scientific, Llc | Systems approach to disease state and health assessment |
| KR102223018B1 (ko) | 2012-10-05 | 2021-03-05 | 다이앤 몰드 | 수학적 모형 함수로서 환자-특이적 투여법을 제공하는 시스템 및 방법 |
| US20140114676A1 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2014-04-24 | Theranos, Inc. | Drug Monitoring and Regulation Systems and Methods |
| EP2989569B1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2021-06-23 | Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH | Method of operating a control device for controlling an infusion device |
| MY176173A (en) | 2013-06-20 | 2020-07-24 | Baxalta Inc | Providing a pharmacokinetic drug dosing regimen |
| EP4050616A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 | 2022-08-31 | Diane R. Mould | Systems and methods for patient-specific dosing |
-
2013
- 2013-10-07 KR KR1020157011564A patent/KR102223018B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-10-07 WO PCT/US2013/063691 patent/WO2014055978A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-10-07 EP EP23173217.3A patent/EP4224482A1/en active Pending
- 2013-10-07 US US14/047,545 patent/US10083400B2/en active Active
- 2013-10-07 SG SG11201502616WA patent/SG11201502616WA/en unknown
- 2013-10-07 KR KR1020227006798A patent/KR102450486B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-10-07 EP EP13843939.3A patent/EP2904388B1/en active Active
- 2013-10-07 SG SG10201907682R patent/SG10201907682RA/en unknown
- 2013-10-07 JP JP2015535867A patent/JP6412499B2/ja active Active
- 2013-10-07 AU AU2013326801A patent/AU2013326801A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-10-07 KR KR1020217005789A patent/KR102370479B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-10-07 CA CA2887072A patent/CA2887072C/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-08-12 US US14/457,601 patent/US10706364B2/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-04-02 IL IL238115A patent/IL238115B/en active IP Right Grant
-
2016
- 2016-02-12 HK HK16101579.9A patent/HK1213983A1/zh unknown
-
2017
- 2017-10-11 US US15/730,112 patent/US10268966B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-09-28 JP JP2018183803A patent/JP6653365B2/ja active Active
-
2019
- 2019-01-07 IL IL264125A patent/IL264125B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2019-02-08 US US16/271,528 patent/US10740687B2/en active Active
- 2019-09-19 AU AU2019232874A patent/AU2019232874A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2020
- 2020-01-27 JP JP2020010887A patent/JP2020080161A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-02-19 IL IL272760A patent/IL272760B/en unknown
- 2020-07-02 US US16/919,247 patent/US20200334561A1/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-10-06 AU AU2021245151A patent/AU2021245151A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2021-10-14 US US17/501,851 patent/US11373743B2/en active Active
-
2022
- 2022-06-10 JP JP2022094292A patent/JP2022111352A/ja active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-12-06 AU AU2023278028A patent/AU2023278028A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| IL264125B (en) | System and method for delivering a specific dose to a patient as a function of mathematical models | |
| EP2884888A4 (en) | METHOD FOR MODELING BEHAVIORAL AND HEALTH CHANGES | |
| IL237219A0 (en) | A system and method for providing a secure computing environment | |
| HK1206447A1 (zh) | 創建用來在建模系統中生成和求解問題的應用程序界面的系統與方法 | |
| EP2858507A4 (en) | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DISPENSING GARNISHINGS | |
| EP2852813A4 (en) | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DOSE MEASUREMENT | |
| IL224957B (en) | A systematic method and plan for improved medical care | |
| EP2689556A4 (en) | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING A STATE MODEL OF AN APPLICATION PROGRAM | |
| EP2859535A4 (en) | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING CONTENTS FOR A RELEVANT POINT | |
| EP2817735A4 (en) | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTEXT DETERMINATION | |
| EP2936412A4 (en) | PAY-PER-SALE SYSTEM, PROCESS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT | |
| HK1215892A1 (zh) | 結合時間和地方作為基礎以分發優惠的方法和系統 | |
| EP2869764C0 (en) | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING BLOOD PARAMETERS | |
| EP2842491A4 (en) | DEVICE FOR CALCULATING A RETAINED AMOUNT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, METHOD FOR CALCULATING A RETAINED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUANTITY, AND SYSTEM FOR CALCULATING A QUANTITY OF RETAINED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY | |
| EP2909739A4 (en) | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING CALCULATION SHEET TEMPLATES | |
| EP2859682A4 (en) | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATICALLY DIFFUSING CONTENT IN A SOCIAL EXPERIENCE ENVIRONMENT | |
| EP2791695A4 (en) | MULTI-RADIO CLOUD COMPUTING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTING POSITION | |
| EP2812087A4 (en) | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPERATING INSTANCES OF A GAME | |
| EP2939211A4 (en) | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GENERATING A PANORAMIC VIEW | |
| EP2901375A4 (en) | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTION OF PRODUCT SUPPLIERS | |
| EP2803008A4 (en) | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT | |
| GB201217840D0 (en) | System and method for computing design parameters for a thermally comfortable environment | |
| EP2860709A4 (en) | SYSTEM FOR CREATING A BROAD OFFER AND METHOD FOR CREATING A BROAD OFFER | |
| EP2926282A4 (en) | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTEXT MODELING | |
| EP2757550A4 (en) | MEASURING METHOD, COMPUTER PROGRAM, AND MEASURING SYSTEM |