HK1110262A1

HK1110262A1 - Waste treatment method

Info

Publication number: HK1110262A1
Application number: HK08104762.0A
Authority: HK
Inventors: 任颉; 黄小康; 胡中波
Original assignee: 任辉; 胡中波; 黄小康
Priority date: 2007-05-30
Filing date: 2008-04-29
Publication date: 2008-07-11
Also published as: CN100453190C; CN101099971A; WO2008144986A1

Abstract

Refuse recycling process includes steps following: sorting into innocuous refuse and nocuous refuse based on the refuse property; crushing into fine powder or fine particle respectively in respective disintegrator; selecting respectively bond and encapsulant and pre-processing, bond and encapsulant after pre-processing are added right amount water to make into solution; mixing respectively said bond, encapsulant, fine powder or fine particle of innocuous refuse and nocuous refuse into slurry in respective mixer; and injecting respective slurry into respective mould and solidifying molding respectively. Said method has good binding and solidifying ability to kinds of innocuous and nocuous refuse, efficiently dispose kinds of nocuous refuse, and efficiently dispose and utilize innocuous refuse, such as flyash, gangue, and metallurgy clinker etc.

Description

Method for treating waste

Technical Field

The invention relates to a technology for recycling harmless wastes and a technology for treating harmful wastes based on a comprehensive phosphorus-containing inorganic polymer and a silicon-aluminum-based gelling system, in particular to a method for treating harmless, nontoxic or toxic and harmful wastes.

Background

The rapid development of our society and the high-speed increase of economy continuously increase the demand for various resources. Meanwhile, the problems of high emission of harmful (toxic, radioactive, etc.) and harmless wastes and high consumption and high pollution caused by the harmful (toxic, radioactive, etc.) and harmless wastes are also increasingly severe. Especially, the contradiction of insufficient resources such as land, energy, mineral products and the like is more and more prominent. For example, the annual output of various solid wastes in China is up to more than 10 hundred million tons, wherein a large amount of harmless and nontoxic wastes and harmful wastes produced in the fields of nuclear power, scientific research, medicine, chemical industry and the like exist. Has great significance for recycling harmless wastes and safely treating toxic and harmful wastes. In the field of waste disposal, in particular, the means and procedures for solidifying waste, a number of outstanding travertine techniques are disclosed in the patent literature, for example: the technical contents disclosed in publications such as CN1415567A, CN1424275A, CN1067707A, CN1223636A, CN1273222A, CN1252781A, CN1887763A and CN1887764A are mostly related to the solidification method and process of materials such as slag and silt. However, it is difficult to embody the value of recycling all the wastes used in human life and industry by harmless treatment in the above-mentioned documents, in other words, how to make a practical solution according to the characteristics of the waste to be treated. In this respect, the technical proposal of the phosphorus-containing inorganic polymer and the preparation method thereof proposed by CN1939861A gives the same important technical teaching. Of course, in the case of this document, there is no covering solution including a technique for recycling all harmless waste or a technique for treating all harmful waste, and for this reason, the present invention proposes the following solutions with respect to this problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems of the reutilization of a new generation of harmless waste and the treatment technology of harmful waste, which are invented by integrating a phosphorus-containing inorganic polymer and a silicon-aluminum-based gelling system. The technology and the technical products thereof of the invention integrate the advantages of the two technologies and the products thereof and are the update of the two technologies and the products thereof. Can be used for recycling harmless wastes and treating and sealing harmful wastes on the aspects of higher performance and higher efficiency. Has higher reliability, wider application range, higher efficiency and the like.

Therefore, in order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention for solving the problems is: a method of treating waste, the method comprising the steps of: classifying the wastes according to the characteristics of the objects, and respectively separating harmless wastes and harmful wastes; respectively sending the separated harmless waste and harmful waste into respective crushers to be crushed into fine powder or fine particles for later use; simultaneously, respectively selecting a binder and an encapsulant raw material compound aiming at the harmless waste and the harmful waste for pretreatment, and respectively preparing the pretreated binder and the encapsulant raw material compound and a proper amount of water into solution for later use; the binder, the potting agent solution and the fine powder or the fine particles of the harmless waste and the harmful waste are separately stirred in respective stirrers to form a slurry, and thereafter, each is stirredAnd injecting the slurry into the respective molds for curing and molding. Wherein the weight of the waste accounts for 50-95% of the final product. The step of pretreating raw material compounds of the adhesive and the sealant aiming at the harmless wastes and the harmful wastes comprises the pretreatment of metal oxides or hydroxides or mixtures of certain compounds, the treatment step is to heat the treated object to remove small molecular impurities possibly adsorbed on the surface of the treated object, the heating temperature of the pretreatment heating process is 1000 ℃ to 1500 ℃, the heat treatment time is 10-60 minutes, and a container used in the heat treatment is Al₂O₃A container, a MgO container or a platinum container, wherein the shape of the metal oxide or hydroxide is powder. And the step of pretreating the pretreated oxide, hydroxide or mixture thereof further comprises the step of adding an additive to the pretreated reactant, wherein the weight ratio of the additive to the pretreated reactant is (5-15) to (95-85), and the content of the additive in the final product is between 0 and 2 percent. And, the mixture of the pre-treated reactant and the additive, wherein the mixture can be mixed with an acid or a corresponding salt according to a certain proportion to form a solution or slurry in the processing step; if an acid is used, the weight ratio of the mixture to 50% acid is 1: 1(+/-0.1), if a salt is used, the weight ratio of the mixture to salt is 1: 3(+/-0.5), and a certain amount of water is added; the weight ratio of water to salt is 1: 2(+/-0.5), and the proportion of water in the final product is 13-35%. And the raw material compound of the adhesive comprises one or more oxides and hydroxides, one or more acids or corresponding acid radical ions or corresponding salts and a small amount of additives. And, said oxides and hydroxides include: oxides or hydroxides of metals of the first, second, third and fourth main groups, and oxides or hydroxides of transition metals of the fourth, fifth and sixth periods. And, the acids or corresponding acid ions or corresponding salts include all known types of phosphoric acid or corresponding phosphate ions or phosphates; also includes all known speciesSulfuric acid or the corresponding sulfate ions or sulfates. The phosphate or sulfate includes various phosphates of sodium and potassium or various sulfates of sodium and potassium. And, the minor additives include: boric acid, oxalic acid, and the like. And, the oxide of the first, second, third, and fourth main group metals may be Li₂O，MgO，Al₂O₃GaO, etc.; the hydroxide may be Mg (OH)₂，Ca(OH)₂NaOH, KOH, etc.; the oxide of the fourth, fifth and sixth period transition metal can be TiO₂，Fe₂O₃，ZrO，WO₃Etc.; the hydroxide may be Mn (OH)₂，Zr(OH)₂And the like. The phosphate may be potassium/sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, or the like.

Compared with the prior art, the invention integrates the advantages of two technologies of phosphorus-containing inorganic polymer and silicon-aluminum based gel system and the product thereof. The production belongs to a complete green process and an absolute zero-pollution process. The invention has strong binding and solidifying capability to various harmless and harmful wastes, efficiently treats various toxic and harmful wastes, efficiently treats and utilizes harmless wastes such as fly ash, coal gangue, metallurgical slag and the like. Has great application value for reducing pollution, fully utilizing various solid wastes and promoting the protection of environmental ecology.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for treating waste.

Detailed Description

The invention relates to a waste treatment method, which comprises the following steps: classifying the wastes according to the characteristics of the objects, and respectively separating harmless wastes and harmful wastes; respectively sending the separated harmless waste and harmful waste into respective crushers to be crushed into fine powder or fine particles for later use; at the same timeRespectively selecting a binder and a packaging agent raw material compound aiming at the harmless waste and the harmful waste for pretreatment, and respectively preparing the pretreated binder and packaging agent raw material compound and a proper amount of water into solution for later use; stirring the adhesive, the sealant solution and the fine powder or the fine particles of the harmless waste and the harmful waste into slurry in respective stirrers, and then injecting the respective slurries into respective molds for curing and molding. Wherein the weight of the waste accounts for 50-95% of the final product. The step of pretreating raw material compounds of the adhesive and the sealant aiming at the harmless wastes and the harmful wastes comprises the pretreatment of metal oxides or hydroxides or mixtures of certain compounds, the treatment step is to heat the treated object to remove small molecular impurities possibly adsorbed on the surface of the treated object, the heating temperature of the pretreatment heating process is 1000 ℃ to 1500 ℃, the heat treatment time is 10-60 minutes, and a container used in the heat treatment is Al₂O₃A container, a MgO container or a platinum container, wherein the shape of the metal oxide or hydroxide is powder. And the step of pretreating the pretreated oxide, hydroxide or mixture thereof further comprises the step of adding an additive to the pretreated reactant, wherein the weight ratio of the additive to the pretreated reactant is (5-15) to (95-85), and the content of the additive in the final product is between 0 and 2 percent. And, the mixture of the pre-treated reactant and the additive, wherein the mixture can be mixed with an acid or a corresponding salt according to a certain proportion to form a solution or slurry in the processing step; if an acid is used, the weight ratio of the mixture to 50% acid is 1: 1(+/-0.1), if a salt is used, the weight ratio of the mixture to salt is 1: 3(+/-0.5), and a certain amount of water is added; the weight ratio of water to salt is 1: 2(+/-0.5), and the proportion of water in the final product is 13-35%. And the adhesive raw material compound comprises one or more oxides and hydroxides, one or more acids or corresponding acid radical ions or corresponding saltsAnd a small amount of additive. And, the oxides and hydroxides include, but are not limited to: oxides or hydroxides of metals of the first, second, third and fourth main groups, and oxides or hydroxides of transition metals of the fourth, fifth and sixth periods. And, the acids or corresponding acid ions or corresponding salts include all known types of phosphoric acid or corresponding phosphate ions or phosphates; also included are all kinds of sulfuric acid or corresponding sulfate ions or sulfates known; the phosphate or sulfate includes but is not limited to various phosphates of sodium and potassium. And, the small amount of additives include, but are not limited to: boric acid, oxalic acid, and the like. And, the oxide of the first, second, third, and fourth main group metals may be Li₂O，MgO，Al₂O₃GaO, etc.; the hydroxide may be Mg (OH)₂，Ca(OH)₂NaOH, KOH, etc.; the oxide of the fourth, fifth and sixth period transition metal can be TiO₂，Fe₂O₃，ZrO，WO₃Etc.; the hydroxide may be Mn (OH)₂，Zr(OH)₂And the like. The phosphate may be potassium/sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, or the like.

For example, the present invention can produce various high-quality building materials (cement, building materials, structural materials, fire-proof materials, etc.) of various colors using almost any kind of harmless solid and colloidal wastes (fly ash, wood dust, slag, glass and domestic garbage, underwater sludge, etc.); as another example, the present invention can be used for the effective encapsulation of various contaminated solids, sludges and liquids, various hazardous metals, various low-level radioactive wastes, and various hazardous chemicals; for another example, the invention can be used for sludge solidification treatment in sea reclamation, backfill and landfill of abandoned mines and the like. The product can be formed at room temperature or even low temperature, and the process equipment is simple and mature. The cost is low. The product forming process is a pure inorganic chemical process, does not release any harmful substances and does not cause any secondary pollution. The product has high compression strength, high bending strength, high heat stability and high radiation resistance. The product has good compactness. The product performance and the cost can be regulated and controlled to a certain extent. The proportion (weight or volume) of the waste in the finished product can reach 95 percent at most. The invention effectively improves the environment while efficiently utilizing various solid wastes to change wastes into valuables. Benefiting the nation and the people.

The invention uses simple and mature production process and various harmless wastes as main raw materials to prepare the products with superior mechanical, thermal stability and other physical properties. Or the harmful waste is packaged and treated with high efficiency and reliability. The process can be briefly described as follows: firstly, simply pretreating raw materials selected as adhesives or packaging agents according to the characteristics of harmless waste to be utilized or harmful waste to be treated, and then mixing the pretreated raw materials with water in proportion to form a solution; adding one or more wastes into the obtained solution, and stirring to form slurry; and finally, injecting the obtained slurry into a mold, and curing and molding.

The technical characteristics are as follows: the room temperature process does not need additional energy; quickly forming a hard to dense ceramic finished product; the performance of the finished product and the forming process can be regulated and controlled; extremely high efficiency of treating harmful waste; extremely high efficiency of utilizing harmless waste; in most cases, the product is slightly expanded during curing and molding, so that a good sealed product can be formed, and the sealing property is excellent; can be combined with almost any material except plastic and rubber, and has strong plastic/rubber phobicity.

The unique and excellent performance of the technology/product can be widely applied to: 1. producing building products (such as bricks, tiles, firewall separation plates and the like) by utilizing harmless wastes; high compressive strength structural materials; a sprayable superfire barrier; drilling cement and sealing materials; a seal coat; 2. carrying out safe encapsulation on harmful wastes; leak-free sealing treatment of radioactive contaminants; safe containment of hazardous mixtures and radioactive materials (liquid or solid). The specific areas of use are summarized in attached table 1.

The preparation equipment and the process flow of the technology are the same as or similar to those of common concrete, and no additional forming energy is needed. The economic benefit of the technology is effectively improved by utilizing a large amount of common wastes; in view of its particularly excellent physical properties, including low porosity, high flame retardancy and high strength, its cost performance is extremely competitive. The technology is a green process and has no secondary pollution. The product made by the method of the invention has a compressive strength of 83MPa and a bending strength of 11 MPa. The product has excellent thermal stability and radiation resistance. And the weight or volume proportion of the waste in the finished product can reach 95 percent at most.

TABLE 1 accompanying application

Attached table 2 product parameter table

TABLE 1 application

Range of	Applications of
Range of	Applications of	Building structural material	Inorganic adhesive of sealant, fire-proof and isolating material for high-strength structural material in construction and other industrial fields by recycling a large amount of waste construction products in road maintenance (including low-temperature environment)
Solid waste treatment	Treatment of contaminated solids, liquids and slurries chemical stabilization and physical encapsulation of any hazardous metals, low level radioactive waste, nuclear waste, and encapsulation of contaminated debris, metal and non-metal equipment with high efficiency in recycling of waste (fly ash, ore waste, metal scrap, wood chips, waste glass, junked tires, etc.)	Building structural material
Solid waste treatment		Oil and gas drilling	Fixing of high-strength cement fragments and rock debris for stable/fixed transverse drilling of drilling hole of super sealing agent strip isolation layer
Bioceramics	Ceramic material for artificial bone for dental ceramic material	Oil and gas drilling
Bioceramics		Refractory material	Large-size crucible and assembly made of injection-moldable fireproof and flame-retardant material

TABLE 2 product parameter Table

Claims

1. A method of treating waste, the method comprising the steps of: classifying the wastes according to the characteristics of the objects, and respectively separating harmless wastes and harmful wastes; respectively sending the separated harmless waste and harmful waste into respective crushers to be crushed into fine powder or fine particles for later use; simultaneously, respectively selecting a binder and an encapsulant raw material compound aiming at the harmless waste and the harmful waste for pretreatment, and respectively preparing the pretreated binder and the encapsulant raw material compound and a proper amount of water into solution for later use; stirring the adhesive, the sealant solution and the fine powder or the fine particles of the harmless waste and the harmful waste into slurry in respective stirrers, and then injecting the respective slurries into respective molds for curing and molding;

the adhesive raw material compound comprises one or more oxides or hydroxides, one or more acids or corresponding acid radical ions or corresponding salts and a small amount of additives;

the acid or the corresponding acid radical ion or the corresponding salt comprises all known phosphoric acids or the corresponding phosphate radical ion or phosphate; also included are all kinds of sulfuric acid or corresponding sulfate ions or sulfates known.

2. The method for treating waste according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate or sulfate is phosphate or sulfate including sodium or potassium.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waste is present in an amount of 50 to 95% by weight of the final product.

4. The method for treating wastes according to claim 1, wherein the step of pretreating the raw material compounds of the adhesive and the sealant for harmless wastes and harmful wastes comprises pretreating the metal oxide or hydroxide or the mixture of some compounds, the step of pretreating comprises heating the treated object to remove the small molecular impurities possibly adsorbed on the surface of the treated object, the pretreatment heating process comprises the steps of heating the treated object at 1000 ℃ to 1500 ℃, and performing heat treatment for 10 to 60 minutes, and the container used in the heat treatment is Al₂O₃A container, a MgO container or a platinum container, wherein the shape of the metal oxide or hydroxide is powder.

5. The method for treating waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of pretreating the pretreated oxide, hydroxide or mixture thereof further comprises the step of adding an additive to the pretreated reactant, wherein the weight ratio of the additive to the pretreated reactant is (5-15) to (95-85), and the content of the additive in the final product is between 0% and 2%.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the mixture of pre-treated reactants and additives is processed by mixing the mixture with an acid or a salt thereof in a ratio to form a solution or slurry; if an acid is used, the weight ratio of the mixture to 50% acid is 1: 1(+/-0.1), if a salt is used, the weight ratio of the mixture to the salt is 1: 3(+/-0.5), and a certain amount of water is added, the weight ratio of the water to the salt is 1: 2(+/-0.5), and the weight ratio of the water in the final product is 13% -35%.

7. The method for treating waste according to claim 1, wherein said oxides and hydroxides comprise: oxides or hydroxides of metals of the first, second, third and fourth main groups, and oxides or hydroxides of transition metals of the fourth, fifth and sixth periods.

8. The method for treating waste according to claim 1, wherein said small amount of additive comprises: boric acid, oxalic acid.

9. The method of treating waste according to claim 7, wherein the oxide of the first, second, third or fourth main group metal is Li₂O，MgO，Al₂O₃GaO; the hydroxide is Mg (OH)₂，Ca(OH)₂NaOH, KOH; the oxide of the fourth, fifth and sixth period transition metal is TiO₂，Fe₂O₃，ZrO，WO₃(ii) a The hydroxide is Mn (OH)₂，Zr(OH)₂。

10. The method for treating waste according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate is potassium/sodium dihydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.