HK1007193A1 - Polarizer - Google Patents
PolarizerInfo
- Publication number
- HK1007193A1 HK1007193A1 HK98106391A HK98106391A HK1007193A1 HK 1007193 A1 HK1007193 A1 HK 1007193A1 HK 98106391 A HK98106391 A HK 98106391A HK 98106391 A HK98106391 A HK 98106391A HK 1007193 A1 HK1007193 A1 HK 1007193A1
- Authority
- HK
- Hong Kong
- Prior art keywords
- polarizer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/02—Liquid crystal materials characterised by optical, electrical or physical properties of the components, in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/58—Dopants or charge transfer agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/0009—Materials therefor
- G02F1/0063—Optical properties, e.g. absorption, reflection or birefringence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133382—Heating or cooling of liquid crystal cells other than for activation, e.g. circuits or arrangements for temperature control, stabilisation or uniform distribution over the cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
- H04N9/3167—Modulator illumination systems for polarizing the light beam
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133543—Cholesteric polarisers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH256289 | 1989-07-10 | ||
CH394889 | 1989-11-01 | ||
CH164190 | 1990-05-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
HK1007193A1 true HK1007193A1 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
Family
ID=27173135
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
HK98106391A HK1007193A1 (en) | 1989-07-10 | 1998-06-24 | Polarizer |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0407830B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2509372B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100201976B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59010516D1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1007193A1 (en) |
SG (1) | SG50550A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991006613A1 (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1991-05-16 | F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Temperature compensation of liquid-crystal parameters |
FR2669440B1 (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 1994-08-26 | Sextant Avionique | COLOR PROJECTION VIEWING DEVICE USING OPTICAL VALVES. |
DE4137943A1 (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-05-19 | Consortium Elektrochem Ind | OPTICAL ELEMENTS BASED ON LIQUID CRYSTALLINE HELICAL SUBSTANCES WITH REFLECTIVE BANDS OF LINEAR POLARIZED LIGHTS AND A METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
US6133980A (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 2000-10-17 | Metrologic Instruments, Inc. | Liquid crystal film structures with phase-retardation surface regions formed therein and methods of fabricating the same |
DE4222028A1 (en) * | 1992-07-04 | 1994-01-05 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Light source with a luminescent layer |
EP0606939B1 (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1998-05-06 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Illumination system and display device including such a system |
TW289095B (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1996-10-21 | ||
US5486935A (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1996-01-23 | Kaiser Aerospace And Electronics Corporation | High efficiency chiral nematic liquid crystal rear polarizer for liquid crystal displays having a notch polarization bandwidth of 100 nm to 250 nm |
DE4328785A1 (en) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-02 | Consortium Elektrochem Ind | Optical elements with imaging color and polarization selective reflection containing cholesteric liquid crystals and the production and use of these elements |
BE1007864A3 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-11-07 | Philips Electronics Nv | Image projection system. |
BE1007993A3 (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-12-05 | Philips Electronics Nv | LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR A COLOR IMAGE PROJECTION DEVICE AND circular polarizer SUITABLE FOR USE IN SUCH A LIGHTING SYSTEM AND COLOR IMAGE PROJECTION DEVICE CONTAINING SUCH LIGHTING SYSTEM WITH circular polarizer. |
US5879067A (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1999-03-09 | De Vaan; Adrianus J. S. M. | Image projection system |
KR100341704B1 (en) * | 1994-07-12 | 2002-12-18 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | Illumination system, linear. polarizer for such an illumination system and a display device comprising such an illumination system |
SG47360A1 (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1998-04-17 | Hoffmann La Roche | Colour display with serially-connected lc filters |
JP3295583B2 (en) | 1994-12-19 | 2002-06-24 | シャープ株式会社 | Optical device and head-mounted display using the optical device |
FR2733601B1 (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-06-27 | Thomson Multimedia Sa | POLARIZATION SEPARATION DEVICE AND APPLICATION TO A LIQUID CRYSTAL SCREEN ILLUMINATION SYSTEM |
WO1997008583A1 (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1997-03-06 | Philips Electronics N.V. | Illumination system for a flat-panel picture display device |
AU1793897A (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 1997-10-10 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Liquid crystal display device |
GB9607994D0 (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 1996-06-19 | Screen Tech Ltd | Liquid crystal display element |
WO1997040410A1 (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-10-30 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Circular-dichroism optical element, device therefor, and liquid crystal polymer |
AU6418398A (en) | 1997-03-25 | 1998-10-20 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | A polarized-light converting optical system, a polarized-light converting elemental device, polarized-light converting elemental device array and projection-type display device using any one of those components |
TW565733B (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2003-12-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
US6108131A (en) | 1998-05-14 | 2000-08-22 | Moxtek | Polarizer apparatus for producing a generally polarized beam of light |
US6208463B1 (en) | 1998-05-14 | 2001-03-27 | Moxtek | Polarizer apparatus for producing a generally polarized beam of light |
JPH11352479A (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-12-24 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Backlight device and transmission type display device |
KR100617021B1 (en) * | 1998-08-11 | 2006-10-24 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | Reflective type liquid crystal display device |
US6122103A (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 2000-09-19 | Moxtech | Broadband wire grid polarizer for the visible spectrum |
US6288840B1 (en) | 1999-06-22 | 2001-09-11 | Moxtek | Imbedded wire grid polarizer for the visible spectrum |
US6666556B2 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 2003-12-23 | Moxtek, Inc | Image projection system with a polarizing beam splitter |
US6234634B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 2001-05-22 | Moxtek | Image projection system with a polarizing beam splitter |
US6447120B2 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 2002-09-10 | Moxtex | Image projection system with a polarizing beam splitter |
US6243199B1 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 2001-06-05 | Moxtek | Broad band wire grid polarizing beam splitter for use in the visible wavelength region |
KR20010101624A (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2001-11-14 | 요트.게.아. 롤페즈 | Image projection system |
JP4709345B2 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2011-06-22 | 富士通株式会社 | Projection display |
US7070280B2 (en) * | 2001-07-04 | 2006-07-04 | Unaxis Balzers Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the generation of light of a given polarization state |
CN1296732C (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2007-01-24 | 日东电工株式会社 | Polarizing element, polarizing light source and picture display device using them |
KR100720887B1 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2007-05-22 | 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 | Process for producing birefringent film |
US6785050B2 (en) | 2002-05-09 | 2004-08-31 | Moxtek, Inc. | Corrosion resistant wire-grid polarizer and method of fabrication |
EP1391776A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-02-25 | Sony International (Europe) GmbH | Light collecting, integrating and redirecting device |
US7224426B2 (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2007-05-29 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Optical element |
DE10332220B4 (en) * | 2002-08-03 | 2013-05-29 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Liquid-crystalline medium and its use in a high-twist liquid crystal display |
US7113335B2 (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2006-09-26 | Sales Tasso R | Grid polarizer with suppressed reflectivity |
JP2005158910A (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-06-16 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | Color mixing device for multicolor light emitting device |
US7800823B2 (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2010-09-21 | Moxtek, Inc. | Polarization device to polarize and further control light |
US7570424B2 (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2009-08-04 | Moxtek, Inc. | Multilayer wire-grid polarizer |
US7789515B2 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2010-09-07 | Moxtek, Inc. | Projection device with a folded optical path and wire-grid polarizer |
US8467128B2 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2013-06-18 | Shanghai Lexvu Opto Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. | Polarizing cube and method of fabricating the same |
KR101689900B1 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2016-12-26 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | Retardation element |
BRPI0923481A2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2016-01-19 | Nippon Kayaku Kk | laminated to laminated glass |
US8913321B2 (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2014-12-16 | Moxtek, Inc. | Fine pitch grid polarizer |
US8913320B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2014-12-16 | Moxtek, Inc. | Wire grid polarizer with bordered sections |
US8873144B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2014-10-28 | Moxtek, Inc. | Wire grid polarizer with multiple functionality sections |
US8922890B2 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2014-12-30 | Moxtek, Inc. | Polarizer edge rib modification |
JP2017015766A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-01-19 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Image display device |
DE102016102033A1 (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-10 | Automotive Lighting Reutlingen Gmbh | Motor vehicle headlight with a liquid crystal matrix component |
KR102070627B1 (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2020-01-29 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Polarization Conversion System and Optical Isolation Device |
WO2018070826A1 (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2018-04-19 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Optical isolation apparatus |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS52129450A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1977-10-29 | Gen Electric | Display unit |
US4073571A (en) * | 1976-05-05 | 1978-02-14 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Circularly polarized light source |
JPS59116613A (en) * | 1982-12-22 | 1984-07-05 | Seikosha Co Ltd | Color display device |
US4859031A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1989-08-22 | Kaiser Electronics | Optical collimating apparatus |
JPH01133003A (en) * | 1987-11-18 | 1989-05-25 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Polarizing plate |
US5050966A (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1991-09-24 | Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics Corporation | Optical combiner collimating apparatus |
-
1990
- 1990-06-29 SG SG9604707A patent/SG50550A1/en unknown
- 1990-06-29 DE DE59010516T patent/DE59010516D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-29 EP EP90112402A patent/EP0407830B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-09 KR KR1019900010322A patent/KR100201976B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-10 JP JP2182555A patent/JP2509372B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-06-24 HK HK98106391A patent/HK1007193A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0407830B1 (en) | 1996-09-25 |
JPH0345906A (en) | 1991-02-27 |
KR100201976B1 (en) | 1999-06-15 |
EP0407830A3 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
DE59010516D1 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
EP0407830A2 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
JP2509372B2 (en) | 1996-06-19 |
SG50550A1 (en) | 2002-04-16 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PF | Patent in force | ||
PC | Patent ceased (i.e. patent has lapsed due to the failure to pay the renewal fee) |
Effective date: 20060629 |