GB989803A - Improvements relating to organic semi-conductors - Google Patents
Improvements relating to organic semi-conductorsInfo
- Publication number
- GB989803A GB989803A GB952/62A GB95262A GB989803A GB 989803 A GB989803 A GB 989803A GB 952/62 A GB952/62 A GB 952/62A GB 95262 A GB95262 A GB 95262A GB 989803 A GB989803 A GB 989803A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- copolymer
- semi
- weight
- solution
- conductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title abstract 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 10
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 7
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- PEJQKHLWXHKKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8-octachloro-1,3,5,7-tetraza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5},8$l^{5}-tetraphosphacycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene Chemical compound ClP1(Cl)=NP(Cl)(Cl)=NP(Cl)(Cl)=NP(Cl)(Cl)=N1 PEJQKHLWXHKKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- MVLVMROFTAUDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC MVLVMROFTAUDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910002007 uranyl nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- ZSTLPJLUQNQBDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyne(dihydroxy)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical group OP(O)#N ZSTLPJLUQNQBDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=S PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- KAKNBYVEBALXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloropromethium Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pm+3] KAKNBYVEBALXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/42—Nitriles
- C08F220/44—Acrylonitrile
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G79/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G79/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing phosphorus
- C08G79/025—Polyphosphazenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G79/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G79/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing phosphorus
- C08G79/04—Phosphorus linked to oxygen or to oxygen and carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/28—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/447—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from acrylic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
- H01G4/14—Organic dielectrics
- H01G4/18—Organic dielectrics of synthetic material, e.g. derivatives of cellulose
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
An organic semi-conductor consists basically of an emitter of ionizing radiation and a metallic salt Friedel-Craft catalyst dispersed in a copolymer of acrylonitrile and of one or more phosphonitriles substituted by halogen atoms or by hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, or substituted amino radicals. In the case of semi-conductor material used for rectifiers molybdenum sulphide or a mixture of this with lead sulphide is included in the composition in proportions of up to 20% by weight of the copolymer. The weight ratio in the copolymer of acrylonitrile residues to phosphonitrile residues is made between 0.5: 1 and 5.5: 1, and the metallic salt is present at between 0.1% and 2% by weight of the copolymer. The semiconductor is made by mixing solutions of the three components and by then evaporating the solvent or solvents. Radiation sources used are a -emitters such as compounds of U238 or b -emitters such as compounds of promethium or tritium. (Tritium is incorporated in compounds such as ethyl stearate or hydrocarbon oils.) it is stated that g -emitters may sometimes be preferred. The preferred metallic salt Friedel-Craft catalyst and the only example given is zinc chloride. In an example a copolymer is prepared by dissolving phosphonitrilic chloride in excess acrylonitrile, adding benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst, and heating the mixture to about 75 DEG C. in an atmosphere of nitrogen or carbon dioxide, the mixture being kept at this temperature until the reaction is completed. The excess acrylonitrile is separated from the precipitated white copolymer by evaporation. For making two examples of the semi-conductors the copolymer, which may contain polyacrylonitrile, polyphosphonitrile, and unpolymerized phosphonitrilic chloride as impurities, is dissolved by refluxing in dimethyl formamide. To some of this solution a dimethyl formamide solution of uranyl nitrate is added followed by a dimethyl formamide solution of zinc chloride. The semi-conductor is obtained by removal of the solvent, for example by casting the solution on to a planar surface and subjecting it to I.R. heating. The uranyl nitrate is present at a concentration of 2 parts by weight to 3 parts by weight of copolymer and the zinc chloride concentration is in the range 0.1 to 1% by weight of the copolymer. To make the second semi-conductor an aqueous solution of promethium chloride is added to some of the copolymer solution, a dimethyl formamide solution of zinc chloride added, and the solvents then evaporated. Composite semi-conductor bodies may be built up by casting successive layers of the same semiconductor or by casting layers of the two semi-conductors alternately one upon the other. The Specification describes the use of the materials in the production of rectifiers and capacitors (see Division H1).
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR849237A FR1285327A (en) | 1961-01-10 | 1961-01-10 | Organic semiconductors and method of preparation |
| FR852008A FR80409E (en) | 1961-01-10 | 1961-02-08 | Organic semiconductors and method of preparation |
| FR852009A FR80410E (en) | 1961-01-10 | 1961-02-08 | Organic semiconductors and method of preparation |
| FR852006A FR1280973A (en) | 1961-02-08 | 1961-02-08 | Smokeless propellant powder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB989803A true GB989803A (en) | 1965-04-22 |
Family
ID=27445262
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB952/62A Expired GB989803A (en) | 1961-01-10 | 1962-01-10 | Improvements relating to organic semi-conductors |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE612327A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH415047A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1495005A1 (en) |
| FR (3) | FR1285327A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB989803A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL273384A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2363279A1 (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1974-07-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS |
-
0
- BE BE612327D patent/BE612327A/xx unknown
- NL NL273384D patent/NL273384A/xx unknown
-
1961
- 1961-01-10 FR FR849237A patent/FR1285327A/en not_active Expired
- 1961-02-08 FR FR852008A patent/FR80409E/en not_active Expired
- 1961-02-08 FR FR852009A patent/FR80410E/en not_active Expired
-
1962
- 1962-01-08 CH CH16762A patent/CH415047A/en unknown
- 1962-01-10 DE DE19621495005 patent/DE1495005A1/en active Pending
- 1962-01-10 GB GB952/62A patent/GB989803A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2363279A1 (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1974-07-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR80410E (en) | 1963-04-26 |
| NL273384A (en) | |
| FR80409E (en) | 1963-04-26 |
| DE1495005A1 (en) | 1969-09-25 |
| BE612327A (en) | |
| CH415047A (en) | 1966-06-15 |
| FR1285327A (en) | 1962-02-23 |
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