GB950906A - Phototropic glass and article made therefrom - Google Patents
Phototropic glass and article made therefromInfo
- Publication number
- GB950906A GB950906A GB4607461A GB4607461A GB950906A GB 950906 A GB950906 A GB 950906A GB 4607461 A GB4607461 A GB 4607461A GB 4607461 A GB4607461 A GB 4607461A GB 950906 A GB950906 A GB 950906A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- silver
- halide
- crystals
- silver halide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title abstract 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 13
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract 12
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 abstract 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 5
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenious Acid Chemical compound O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000006121 base glass Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cs2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910007266 Si2O Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- AKUNKIJLSDQFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dicesium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+].[Cs+] AKUNKIJLSDQFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006066 glass batch Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraantimony hexaoxide Chemical compound O1[Sb](O2)O[Sb]3O[Sb]1O[Sb]2O3 YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/23—Photochromic filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/04—Compositions for glass with special properties for photosensitive glass
- C03C4/06—Compositions for glass with special properties for photosensitive glass for phototropic or photochromic glass
Abstract
Phototropic glasses (i.e. transmittance varies reversibly with intensity of incident actinic radiation) comprises 0.005% to 0.10% by volume silver halide (chloride, bromide, or iodide) crystals encased in silicate glass. The composition of the base glass is preferably 40-76% SiO2, 4-26% Al2O3, 4-26% B2O3, at least one alkali-metal oxide selected from 2-8% Si2O, 4-15% Na2O, 6-20% K2O, 8-25% Rb2O3, 10-30% Cs2O, a total not exceeding 15% of divalent metal oxide selected from 0-4% MgO, 0-6% CaO, 0-7% SrO, 0-8% BaO, 0-8% ZnO, 0-10% PbO, small amounts of F and P2O5 may be present. Silver halide crystals, are formed by incorporating the desired constituent in the base glass composition, and precipitating the crystals "in situ" either during the cooling of the melt or by a re-heating treatment in which the glass is maintained at a temperature between the strain point and softening point, for a certain period. Silver is added to the batch as a halide, or other salt e.g. nitrate, in an amount sufficient to yield from 0.2-1.5% silver in the glass, and a stoichiometric equivalent of the desired halide is also added (e.g. for 0.2% Ag, 0.07 Cl, 0.15 Br, or 0.24 I, are added individually or 0.002 mols. of a mixture of halides if desired). The phototropic properties are improved by the inclusion in the halide crystals of metallic silver which may be formed "in situ," by controlling the Ag/halogen ratio, or by the addition (where the upper limits of Ag and halogen are used) of reducing agents selected from 0.002-0.02% FeO, 0.002-0.10% SnO, 0.01-0.1% CuO, 0.04-0.4% As2O3 and 0.1-1.0% Sb2O3. The glass batch constituents are melted in a non-reducing atmosphere and formed into articles by conventional means, which may be subjected to the special heat treatment. The glass may be transparent, opal or coloured depending on the amounts of silver halide in the glass. In preparing the batch allowance is made for loss of halogen and silver halide by volatilization. The silver halide crystals may also be introduced into the glassy matrix by applying to the surface of a glass containing halide ions, a finely divided material containing silver or a compound of silver and heating the article whereby the silver ions react with the halide ions to produce silver halide crystals encased in silicate glass.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US7961460A | 1960-12-30 | 1960-12-30 | |
| US15327261A | 1961-11-24 | 1961-11-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB950906A true GB950906A (en) | 1964-02-26 |
Family
ID=26762211
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4607461A Expired GB950906A (en) | 1960-12-30 | 1961-12-22 | Phototropic glass and article made therefrom |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE612171A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH418538A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1421838B1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK129572B (en) |
| FI (1) | FI40837B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB950906A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1496457B1 (en) * | 1964-05-11 | 1969-11-06 | Corning Glass Works | Photochromic glass window |
| US3512869A (en) * | 1965-10-27 | 1970-05-19 | Glaverbel | Materials and articles having light-transmission properties which vary as a function of incident radiation |
| US3615761A (en) * | 1968-01-31 | 1971-10-26 | Ppg Industries Inc | Phototropic articles containing thallous halide |
| US3656923A (en) * | 1968-05-27 | 1972-04-18 | Corning Glass Works | Method for strengthening photochromic glass articles |
| US3836809A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1974-09-17 | Corning Glass Works | Fiber optic plate with dense opal glass cladding |
| FR2483394A1 (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1981-12-04 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen | PROCESS FOR ENHANCING THE PHOTOTROPIC EFFECT IN PHOTOTROPIC LENSES |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL83744C (en) * | 1950-07-07 |
-
1961
- 1961-12-22 GB GB4607461A patent/GB950906A/en not_active Expired
- 1961-12-27 DE DE19611421838 patent/DE1421838B1/en active Pending
- 1961-12-29 CH CH1511461A patent/CH418538A/en unknown
- 1961-12-29 BE BE612171A patent/BE612171A/en unknown
- 1961-12-29 FI FI230561A patent/FI40837B/fi active
- 1961-12-30 DK DK525361A patent/DK129572B/en unknown
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1496457B1 (en) * | 1964-05-11 | 1969-11-06 | Corning Glass Works | Photochromic glass window |
| US3512869A (en) * | 1965-10-27 | 1970-05-19 | Glaverbel | Materials and articles having light-transmission properties which vary as a function of incident radiation |
| US3615761A (en) * | 1968-01-31 | 1971-10-26 | Ppg Industries Inc | Phototropic articles containing thallous halide |
| US3656923A (en) * | 1968-05-27 | 1972-04-18 | Corning Glass Works | Method for strengthening photochromic glass articles |
| US3836809A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1974-09-17 | Corning Glass Works | Fiber optic plate with dense opal glass cladding |
| FR2483394A1 (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1981-12-04 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen | PROCESS FOR ENHANCING THE PHOTOTROPIC EFFECT IN PHOTOTROPIC LENSES |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK129572B (en) | 1974-10-28 |
| DE1421838B1 (en) | 1970-05-27 |
| DK129572C (en) | 1975-03-24 |
| CH418538A (en) | 1966-08-15 |
| FI40837B (en) | 1969-02-28 |
| BE612171A (en) | 1962-06-29 |
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