GB906533A - Improved fuel compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

A fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines of th spark type comprises (a) a major proportion of a hydrocarbon mixture having a research octane number of at least 90 and containing at least two different hydrocarbon types either of which is paraffin, a naphthene, an olefin or an aromatic; (b) an organo-metallic anti-knock agent in an octane number-improving amount and (c) a hydrocarbon-soluble acyl co-anti-knock compound o the formula:- <FORM:0906533/III/1> or <FORM:0906533/III/2> in an amount of not more than 1,0% by weight of carbonyl based on the fuel wherein x, y and n are 0 or 1, R1 stands for a monovalent or divalent organic radical having from 1 to 9 carbon atoms and containing no atom other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, R2 and R3 stand for monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 9 carbon atoms and R4 stands for hydrogen or a monovalent or divalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 9 carbon atoms. In these formulae, R1 may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aryl-alkyl, or alkylaryl radical, when x is 1; or an alkenylidene, cycloalkylidene, alkenylidene or arylalkylidene radical, when x is zero; and may contain up to 3 oxygen-containing substituents such as keto, hydroxyl, alkoxy or epoxy; R2 and R3 may be alkyl or alkenyl and R4, alkyl or alkenyl when y is 1, or alkylidene or alkenylidene when y is zero. The organo-metallic anti-knock agent may be tetraethyl lead, tetra-n-propyl lead, cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl, methyl cyclopentadienyl p manganese tricarbonyl, tris(acetyl acetonate) iron, nickel 2-ethyl salicylate, bis(N-butyl salicylaldimine) nickel or vanadium acetylacetonate. Tetraethyllead and metal cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl are particularly preferred. The acyl compound may be for example ethane-1, 1-diol diacetate, ethane-1,1 diol dipropionate, ethane-1,1 diol diisobutyrate, ethane-1,1 diol dibenzoate, ethane-1,1 diol dicaproate, ethane-1,1 diol didecanoate, butane-1,1 diol diacetate, 2,2,3-trimethyl butane-1,1 diol diacetate, 2,5-dimethyl hexane-1,1 diol diacetate, ethylene-1,1 diol diacetate, allylidene-1,1 diol diacetate, 2-butene-1,1 diol diacetate, 1-pentane-1,1 diol diacetate, 1,3-butadiene-1,1 diol diacetate, 2,3-epoxy-3 phenylpropane-1,1 diol diacetate, 2,3-epoxy propane-1,1 diol diacetate, benzaldehyde diol diacetate, 4-hydroxy butane-1,1 diol dipropionate, ethylene-1,1 diol diacrylate, allylidene-1,1 diol diacrylate, 1-phenyl ethane-1,1 diol diacetate, 3,4-dimethylphenyl methane-1,1 diol diacetate, 2-methoxyethane-1,1 diol diacetate, 2-methylene-4,6-diketo-1,3-dioxane, 2-phenyl-5-methyl-4,6-diketo-1 3-dioxane, 2-phenyl-4,6-diketo-1,3-dioxane, 2-ethylidene-4,5-diketo-1,3-dioxolane, 2-methyl-5-propyl-4,6-diketo-1,3-dioxane, and 2 methyl-5-hexyl-4,6-diketo 1,3-dioxane. The preferred gasoline contains no more than 90% by volume of one hydrocarbon type, and at least 10% of aromatics, olefins, or mixtures thereof. The compositions may also contain dyes, sparking-plug anti-foulants such as tricresyl phosphate, dimethyl xylyl phosphate, and diphenyl cresyl phosphate, combustion modifiers such as alkyl boronic acids and lower alkyl phosphates and phosphites, oxidation inhibitors such as N,N1-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol, metal deactivators such as N,N1-disalicylal-1,2-propanediamine, rust inhibitors such as polymerized linoleic acids and N,C-disubstituted imidazolines, and halogen-containing scavengers.