GB873449A - Improvements in or relating to the isomerisation of hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to the isomerisation of hydrocarbonsInfo
- Publication number
- GB873449A GB873449A GB39496/59A GB3949659A GB873449A GB 873449 A GB873449 A GB 873449A GB 39496/59 A GB39496/59 A GB 39496/59A GB 3949659 A GB3949659 A GB 3949659A GB 873449 A GB873449 A GB 873449A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- alumina
- silica
- oxide
- hydrogen
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8906—Iron and noble metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/94—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the iron group metals or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/1853—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals with iron, cobalt or nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/27—Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
- C07C5/2767—Changing the number of side-chains
- C07C5/277—Catalytic processes
- C07C5/2791—Catalytic processes with metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The isomerisation of C5-C7 normal paraffins containing less than 1 p.p.m. of sulphur possibly with concurrent demethylation, is effected at 340-400 DEG C. and 8-70 atmospheres in the presence of hydrogen in a mol ratio to hydrocarbon of 0.5-4.5 and a catalyst comprising an acidic, mixed refractory oxides support together with a hydrogenation catalyst containing an iron-group metal, oxide or salt. The support is preferably silica-alumina though others containing zirconia, titania, boria, chromia and beryllia are referred to. The iron-group metal if present as an oxide may be mixed with a Group VIa metal oxide or may be present as a borate, phosphate, tungstate, molybdate, chromate, vanadate, or manganate. Also present may be palladium, platinum or rhodium, a phosphate of aluminium, magnesium, calcium, zirconium, beryllium or strontium or lithium oxide. The catalyst is activated by reduction and oxidation followed by further reduction, the latter preferably in the presence of water vapour. Reactivation of the catalysts is effected by alternate oxidation or reduction steps, the latter in the presence of water vapour. Water vapour is also preferably present during the isomerisation process, e.g. at a partial pressure of 10-50 mm. Hg. The hydrogen to hydrocarbon mol ratio may be low when starting up, e.g. 0.25-0.5 and gradually increased. A LHSV of 0.1-2 may be used. The preferred feed is a light naphtha or natural gasoline of boiling range 40-95 DEG C. from which isoparaffins have been removed.ALSO:Catalysts for the isomerisation or isocracking of hydrocarbons comprise an iron-group metal, oxide or salt hydrogenation catalyst on an acidic, mixed refractory oxides, active cracking support. The support may be silica-alumina, e.g. containing 13-25% of alumina, silica - zirconia, silica - titania, silica - boria, alumina-zirconia, alumina-beryllia, alumina-boria, silica-chromia, boria-titania, silica-alumina-zirconia or silica-alumina-beryllia. The hydrogenation component may comprise iron, cobalt or nickel, or an oxide, borate or phosphate thereof, together with an oxide of a Group VIa metal, tungsten, molybdenum or chromic oxide, or may be a salt including a Group VIa or other metal such as the salts of tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium or manganese oxyacids. There may be 0.5-15% of promoter but preferably 3-5% by wt. of nickel. Also present may be 0.01-0.1% of palladium, platinum or rhodium. Nickel and nickel salts may also be promoted with aluminium, magnesium, calcium, zirconium, beryllium or strontium phosphate. With 0.5-8% of nickel, 1-15% of phosphate is added. Lithium oxide may be present in amounts of 0.05-0.5%. The catalyst is activated by heating in hydrogen at 482-538 DEG C. and about 25 atmospheres until the salt used for impregnation decomposes (if not previously calcined) and the metal reaches the lowest valency state. The catalyst is cooled and purged with nitrogen and contacted with air at 370-540 DEG C. The catalyst is again treated with hydrogen and is also preferably water-equilibrated by using humidified hydrogen, preferably at 427-524 DEG C. with hydrogen containing water vapour at a partial pressure of 5-100 mm. Hg for 5-50 hours and preferably in two stages, the first at 496-524 DEG C. and the second 24-136 DEG C. lower but above the process temperature. Regeneration of the catalyst is effected by a plurality of oxidation-reduction steps. Oxidation is effected at 400-538 DEG C. with a gas containing 1-5% oxygen and water vapour at a partial pressure of 1-5 mm. Hg. Reduction may be effected in a single step at 400-538 DEG C. but preferably in two steps, the first at 510-538 DEG C. for 15-25 hours with less than 5 mm. Hg. water vapour partial pressure, the second at 510-524 DEG C. for 10-25 hours with 20-50 mm. Hg. water vapour. Isocracking of paraffinic hydrocarbons of 5-7 carbon atoms to effect isomerisation and principally demethylation is effected in the presence of the above catalysts at 340-400 DEG C. and 8-70 atmospheres and a hydrogen to hydrocarbon mol. ratio of 0.5-4.5. The feed should have a sulphur content of less than 1 p.p.m. and preferred conditions are 360-390 DEG C., 20-35 atmospheres, L.H.S.U. of 0.5-1.2 and hydrogen to hydrocarbon mol. ratio of 2-4.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP0023996 | 1959-12-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB873449A true GB873449A (en) | 1961-07-26 |
Family
ID=7369463
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB39496/59A Expired GB873449A (en) | 1959-12-02 | 1959-11-20 | Improvements in or relating to the isomerisation of hydrocarbons |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1418359A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB873449A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001076736A1 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2001-10-18 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A process for producing hydrocarbons, and a catalyst suitable for use in the process |
CN112705220A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-04-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Catalyst for carbon-tetra-alkyl hydrocarbon skeleton isomerization reaction and preparation method and application thereof |
US10994264B2 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-05-04 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalysts and processes for making catalysts for producing neopentane |
US11021422B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-01 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated processes to produce gasoline blending components from light naphtha |
-
1959
- 1959-11-20 GB GB39496/59A patent/GB873449A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-12-02 DE DE19591418359 patent/DE1418359A1/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001076736A1 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2001-10-18 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A process for producing hydrocarbons, and a catalyst suitable for use in the process |
US10994264B2 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-05-04 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalysts and processes for making catalysts for producing neopentane |
CN112705220A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-04-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Catalyst for carbon-tetra-alkyl hydrocarbon skeleton isomerization reaction and preparation method and application thereof |
US11021422B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-01 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated processes to produce gasoline blending components from light naphtha |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1418359A1 (en) | 1968-10-24 |
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