GB866481A - Apparatus for the performance of physical and chemical processes in a liquefied layer - Google Patents

Abstract

<PICT:0866481/IV (b)/1> <PICT:0866481/IV (b)/2> A fluidisation vessel 1, of any arbitrary cross-section and independent of size and form has grid 2 of known design. at a level a slight distance above the grid, independently of the magnitude of the particles and through-flow, heat conducting walls or plates 3 are arranged dividing the fluidisation zone into compartments 4 which are open ended but have no lateral intercommunication. The height of the walls 3 should not appreciably exceed the height of the bed. Gas is introduced through inlet 5 and released through outlet 6. In Fig. 4, the heat exchange tubes 5 are connected by the said plates 3 so as to form the said compartments 4. The heat carrier flows in through inlet 6 and issues through outlet 7. The bed-fluidising gas flows through aperture 8 into the apparatus and flows out through aperture 9, shedding entrained bed particles back on to the bed before passing through the outlet. In such reactors it is possible to perform processes for catalytic, oxidation, hydrogenation, or other transformations of hydrocarbons. Other examples of reactions are the oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone with air at a temperature of 380 DEG C. and a catalyst of vanadium pentoxide; the oxidation of naphthalene to phthalic anhydride with air up to a reaction temperature of 375 DEG C. in a vanadium/potassium sulphate catalyst; the oxidation of benzene with air to form maleic anhydride at a temperature of 535 DEG C. and the isomerisation of orthoxylene to paraxylene at a temperature of 450 DEG C.ALSO:A fluidisation vessel 1, of any arbitrary cross-section and independent of size and form, has a grid 2 of known design. At a level a slight distance above the grid, independently of the magnitude of the particles and through-flow, heat conducting walls or plates 3 are arranged, dividing the fluidisation zone into compartments 4 which are open ended but have no lateral intercommunication. The height of the walls or plates 3 should not appreciably exceed the height of the bed. Gas is introduced through inlet 5 and released through outlet 6. In Fig. 4, the heat exchange tubes 5 are connected by the walls <PICT:0866481/III/1> <PICT:0866481/III/2> or plates 3 so as to form the compartments 4. The heat carrier flows in through inlet 6 and issues through outlet 7. The bed-fluidising gas flows through aperture 8 into the apparatus and flows out through aperture 9, shedding entrained catalyst particles back on to the bed before passing through the outlet. The apparatus may be used in the distillation of bituminous shale.