GB862180A - Improvements in and relating to ion exchange in non-aqueous media - Google Patents

Abstract

An ion-exchange reaction is characterized by the contacting of at least one ionizable substance in a substantially non-aqueous medium with an insoluble, open-chain high molecularweight polymer containing ion-exchange groups to effect an interchange of ions. This ion-exchanger may be a polysaccharide of vegetable, animal or bacterial origin, which can be either the structural or nutrient type, e.g. amylose, amylopectin, inulins, alpha cellulose, oxycellulose, xylans, pectins, algins, glycogens, chitins, mucopolysaccharides, chondroitin sulphuric acid, heparin hyaluronic acid; levans and dextrans. A preferred ion-exchanger can be derived from paper, cotton, wood pulp and cotton cloth and may be in the form of sheeting, belting, pressed solids or finely divided particles. These ion-exchange groups may be either cation exchanger, e.g. a carboxyl group, or anion exchanger, e.g. primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups or quaternary ammonium salts. The non-aqueous solvents exemplified are methylethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, diethylketone, acetone, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acetic, propionic, caproic, and pelargonic acids, acetic anhydride, ethyl, propyl and butyl ethers, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol pentane, hexane, heptane, decane; heptene, octene, decene, tridecene, pentadecene; benzene, toluene, naphthalene, ethylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, nitroethylene, formamide, diethyl formamide, ethyl mercaptan, dimethylsulphoxide, liquid ammonia, liquid sulphur dioxide, liquid hydrogen fluoride, liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. Equimolar quantities of acetyl chloride are used in benzene to acetylate aniline and a diethylaminoethyl ether of cellulose exchanger is used to remove hydrogen chloride from the reaction. At completion, the exchanger is separated by filtration and the product by distillation. Similarly, N-acetylleucine ethyl ester is produced by acetylating with acetic anhydride, the leucine ethyl ester hydrochloride in anhydrous ethyl acetate in the presence of the diethylaminoethyl ether of cellulose. Iron salts are removed from commercial ethylene glycol normal butyl ether by passing through columns of carboxylmethylcellulose or a citrate ester of cellulose.ALSO:An ion-exchange reaction, characterized by the contacting of at least one ionizable substance in a substantially non-aqueous media with an insoluble, open-chain high molecular-weight polymer containing ion-exchange groups to effect an interchange of ions. This ion exchanger may be a polysaccharide of vegetable, animal or bacterial origin, which can be either the structural or nutrient type, e.g. amylose, amylopectin, inulins, alpha cellulose, oxycellulose, xylans, pectins, algins, glycogens, chitens, mucopolysaccharides, chondriotin sulphuric acid, heparin hyaluronic acid; levans and dextrans. A preferred ion-exchanger can be derived from paper, cotton, wood pulp and cotton cloth and may be in the form of sheeting, belting, pressed solids or finely divided particles. These ion-exchange groups may be either cation exchanger, e.g. a carboxyl group, or anion exchanger, e.g. primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups or quaternary ammonium salts. The non-aqueous solvents exemplified are methylethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, acetone, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acetic, propionic, caproic and pelargonic acids, acetic anhydride, ethyl, propyl and butyl ethers, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol pentane, hexane, heptane, decane; heptene, octene, decene, tridecene, pentadecene; benzene, toluene, naphthalene, ethylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, nitroethylene, formamide, diethyl formamide, ethyl mercaptan, dimethylsulphoxide, liquid ammonia, liquid sulphur dioxide, liquid hydrogen fluoride, liquid nitrogen and liquid helium.