GB779814A - Improvements in or relating to liquid hydrocarbon fuels containing antiknock agents - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to liquid hydrocarbon fuels containing antiknock agentsInfo
- Publication number
- GB779814A GB779814A GB18099/53A GB1809953A GB779814A GB 779814 A GB779814 A GB 779814A GB 18099/53 A GB18099/53 A GB 18099/53A GB 1809953 A GB1809953 A GB 1809953A GB 779814 A GB779814 A GB 779814A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cyclopentadienyl
- gasoline
- organic
- indenyl
- catalytically
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title abstract 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000006079 antiknock agent Substances 0.000 title 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 abstract 4
- -1 di(cyclopentadienyl) iron Chemical compound 0.000 abstract 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- QZQKHVVOJAPWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C=1C(C=C(C=1)CC)[Sc](C1C(=CC(=C1)CC)CC)C1C(=CC(=C1)CC)CC Chemical compound C(C)C=1C(C=C(C=1)CC)[Sc](C1C(=CC(=C1)CC)CC)C1C(=CC(=C1)CC)CC QZQKHVVOJAPWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- KCIPUSDGQIPDQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)C=1C=C2C=CC(C2=CC1)[In] Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)C=1C=C2C=CC(C2=CC1)[In] KCIPUSDGQIPDQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- HOZACMWKSISSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)[Os]C1C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 Chemical compound C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)[Os]C1C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 HOZACMWKSISSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- IHXHOZIDWSNFOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(C=CC=C1)[Dy](C1C=CC=C1)(C1C=CC=C1)C1C=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1(C=CC=C1)[Dy](C1C=CC=C1)(C1C=CC=C1)C1C=CC=C1 IHXHOZIDWSNFOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- GALRLURATBTHJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1[Fe]C1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1[Fe]C1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1 GALRLURATBTHJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ZFNIANIHSTYACF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1[Ru]C1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1[Ru]C1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1 ZFNIANIHSTYACF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- CVEQRUADOXXBRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadienylthallium Chemical compound [Tl+].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 CVEQRUADOXXBRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/28—Organic compounds containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/301—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals
- C10L1/303—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals boron compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A liquid hydrocarbon fuel for internal combustion engines contains, as an anti-knock ingredient, a metallic cyclopentadienyl-containing compound other than di(cyclopentadienyl) iron. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel may comprise straight-run, thermally or catalytically cracked, reformed or hydroformed hydrocarbons of the gasoline boiling range. The cyclopentadienyl compound may have the formula MRn where M is a metal, R is a cyclopentadienyl radicle (which may carry alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl or other organic substituents) or a radicle in which the cyclopentadienyl group is fuzed to one or two alicyclic or aromatic rings (in which case both the cyclopentadienyl group and the alicyclic or aromatic rings may carry organic substituents), and n is an integer from 1 to 4. The metal M may be chosen from Groups I-VIII of the Periodic Table and the list of metals given includes boron, silicon, arsenic, antimony, selenium and tellurium. Many examples of radicles R and organic substituents therefor, and of compounds MRn are given. The fuel may also contain scavengers (e.g. halohydrocarbons), wear inhibitors (e.g. organic phosphates, such as tricresyl orthophosphate, and organic arsenides), antioxidants and organic dyes. In the examples, gasoline compositions are described which contain cyclopentadienyl thallium, fluorenyl thallium 4, 5, 6, 7 - tetrahydroindenyl thallium, di - indenyl iron, di - indenyl osmium, di - indenyl ruthenium, 3 - methyl fluorenyl gallium, 5 - phenyl indenyl indium, tri(2, 4 - diethyl cyclopentadienyl)-scandium or tetra(cyclopentadienyl) dysprosium. Specific liquid hydrocarbons mentioned as being present in the gasolines of the examples are diisobutylene, toluene, isooctane, n - heptane, isopentane, butane, solvent oil straight run gasoline, catalytically and thermally cracked gasoline, catalytically and thermally reformed gasoline, catalytic polymer gasoline, and hydroaromatic catalytically cracked gasoline.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US297392A US3328440A (en) | 1952-07-05 | 1952-07-05 | Antiknock compounds for gasoline fuels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB779814A true GB779814A (en) | 1957-07-24 |
Family
ID=23146129
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB18099/53A Expired GB779814A (en) | 1952-07-05 | 1953-06-30 | Improvements in or relating to liquid hydrocarbon fuels containing antiknock agents |
| GB18587/56A Expired GB786626A (en) | 1952-07-05 | 1953-06-30 | Improvements in or relating to antiknock agents for liquid hydrocarbon fuels |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB18587/56A Expired GB786626A (en) | 1952-07-05 | 1953-06-30 | Improvements in or relating to antiknock agents for liquid hydrocarbon fuels |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3328440A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE1177637B (en) |
| GB (2) | GB779814A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3001858A (en) * | 1958-12-15 | 1961-09-26 | Sun Oil Co | Motor fuel compositions |
| US3240576A (en) * | 1958-03-31 | 1966-03-15 | Chevron Res | Fuel for spark-ignition engines |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE587379A (en) * | 1959-02-09 | |||
| US3926581A (en) * | 1974-06-27 | 1975-12-16 | Ethyl Corp | Fuel compositions and additive mixtures for reducing the plugging of exhaust gas catalysts |
| US3926580A (en) * | 1974-06-27 | 1975-12-16 | Ethyl Corp | Fuel compositions and additive mixtures for alleviation of exhaust gas catalyst plugging |
| US4052171A (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1977-10-04 | Ethyl Corporation | Fuel compositions and additive mixtures containing methanetricarboxylates for reducing exhaust gas catalyst plugging |
| US4082517A (en) * | 1975-12-15 | 1978-04-04 | Ethyl Corporation | Fuel composition for reducing exhaust gas catalyst plugging |
| US4140491A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1979-02-20 | Nalco Chemical Company | Gasoline additive comprising a blend of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and certain methylcyclopentadiene dimer compounds |
| US4863892A (en) * | 1983-08-16 | 1989-09-05 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Antifoulants comprising tin, antimony and aluminum for thermal cracking processes |
| DE3432762A1 (en) * | 1984-09-06 | 1986-03-20 | Busse, Felix, 5300 Bonn | Additive mixture for carburettor fuels |
| US5749928A (en) * | 1984-12-04 | 1998-05-12 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Method for reducing emissions from or increasing the utilizable energy of fuel for powering internal combustion engines |
| US4699987A (en) * | 1986-06-03 | 1987-10-13 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | (Perfluoroalkyl)-cyclopentadienylthallium |
| DE3772685D1 (en) * | 1986-09-19 | 1991-10-10 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | USE OF RARE EARTH MIXTURES TO STABILIZE FUELS FOR DIESEL ENGINES. |
| US4992305A (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1991-02-12 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Chemical vapor deposition of transistion metals |
| US4915988A (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1990-04-10 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Chemical vapor deposition of group IIA metals and precursors therefor |
| CA1340871C (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 2000-01-04 | Robert W. Epperly | Method for reducing emissions from or increasing the utilizable energy of fuel for powering internal combustion engines |
| US5266083A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1993-11-30 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Method for reducing pollution emissions from a diesel engine |
| US5034020A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1991-07-23 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Method for catalyzing fuel for powering internal combustion engines |
| WO2005087901A2 (en) * | 2004-03-09 | 2005-09-22 | Innospec Limited | Fuel additive composition having antiknock properties |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1938180A (en) * | 1931-06-23 | 1933-12-05 | Shell Dev | Process for the manufacture of organic metallo compounds |
| US2247821A (en) * | 1939-12-04 | 1941-07-01 | Chempats Inc | Manufacture of trialkyl borons |
| US2356476A (en) * | 1941-06-28 | 1944-08-22 | Shappirio Sol | Motor fuels |
| US2552676A (en) * | 1946-11-27 | 1951-05-15 | Cincinnati Milling Machine Co | Method of manufacturing organometallic compounds |
| GB746036A (en) * | 1952-03-19 | 1956-03-07 | Du Pont | Hydrocarbon motor fuel and antiknock agent therefor |
-
1952
- 1952-07-05 US US297392A patent/US3328440A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1953
- 1953-06-30 GB GB18099/53A patent/GB779814A/en not_active Expired
- 1953-06-30 GB GB18587/56A patent/GB786626A/en not_active Expired
- 1953-07-06 DE DEE7502A patent/DE1177637B/en active Pending
- 1953-07-06 DE DEE13917A patent/DE1052742B/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3240576A (en) * | 1958-03-31 | 1966-03-15 | Chevron Res | Fuel for spark-ignition engines |
| US3001858A (en) * | 1958-12-15 | 1961-09-26 | Sun Oil Co | Motor fuel compositions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB786626A (en) | 1957-11-20 |
| US3328440A (en) | 1967-06-27 |
| DE1052742B (en) | 1959-03-12 |
| DE1177637B (en) | 1964-09-10 |
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