GB733100A - Permselective membranes, their manufacture and use in electrodialysis - Google Patents
Permselective membranes, their manufacture and use in electrodialysisInfo
- Publication number
- GB733100A GB733100A GB3889/53A GB388953A GB733100A GB 733100 A GB733100 A GB 733100A GB 3889/53 A GB3889/53 A GB 3889/53A GB 388953 A GB388953 A GB 388953A GB 733100 A GB733100 A GB 733100A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- group
- compound
- replaced
- membranes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0006—Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/82—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74 characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B11/00—Preparation of cellulose ethers
- C08B11/02—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers
- C08B11/04—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals
- C08B11/14—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals with nitrogen-containing groups
- C08B11/15—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals with nitrogen-containing groups with carbamoyl groups, i.e. -CO-NH2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2287—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/12—Chemical modification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
Abstract
Semi-permeable selective membranes are made of high molecular weight organic substances in which hydrogen atoms of reactive hydroxyl groups have been at least partly replaced by side chains of the formula <FORM:0733100/IV (a)/1> in which R represents an organic group containing at least one ionic group, i.e. an ionisable radical capable of dissociating in aqueous medium so that an electrically charged radical remains linked to the high molecular weight substance. A membrane of cellulose such as paper, transparent paper or regenerated cellulose, or of regenerated amylose, polyvinyl alcohol or similar high molecular weight substance with reactive hydroxyl groups may be reacted with a compound containing at least one N-methylol acid amide group with at least one ionic group or with a group which can readily be replaced by an ionic group in a second processing stage. A N-methylol compound of an acid amide wherein at least one hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom has been replaced by halogen or by a trialkylamino, dialkylamino or sulphonic acid group may be used for introducing the desired groups into the substance of the membrane. For producing a positive membrane, the methylol compound of carbamidomethyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride or the methylol compound of chloro-acetamide may be used. For the production of a negative membrane from the compound thus obtained, the chlorine atom may be replaced by a sulphonic acid group, e.g. by the action of potassium sulphite. If the chlorine atom is replaced by dimethylamine, a positive membrane is obtained and the positive character may further be intensified by the action of methyl iodide. The membranes obtained preserve their selectivity in relatively strong salt concentrations in a liquid to be desalted and in the rinsing liquids. The selectivity of the membranes may be measured by determination of the concentration potential between solutions of potassium chloride of different concentrations separated by the membrane. A concentration potential of 55 mV, as compared with an ideal value of 58 mV, may be obtained when a membrane into which quaternary ammonium groups have been introduced is arranged as a partition between a 0.001 N KCl and a 0.01 N KCl solution. To reduce the swelling of the membranes in aqueous solutions, they may be reacted with compounds such as formaldehyde or the dimethylol compound of adipamide so as to form non-ionic bridge-bonds. Alternatively bridgebonds containing at least one ionic group may be formed, e.g. the cellulose or other membrane may be reacted with the methylol compound of a ,a 1-dibromoadipic diamide. In an example, a ,a 1 - bisdimethylamino - adipamide hydrochloride is dissolved in an aqueous solution of formaldehyde and then caustic soda is added. After one hour, oxalic acid is added and the precipitated sodium oxalate is filtered off. A regenerated cellulose membrane is soaked in the solution, dried, and then heated at 100 DEG C. In another example, a membrane of polyvinyl alcohol is impregnated with a solution obtained by heating a solution containing carbamido-methyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride and adipamide with formaldehyde and potassium carbonate and subsequently acidifying with oxalic acid and hydrochloric acid to a pH of 2.0. The impregnated membrane is dried and then heated at 140 DEG C. for 10 minutes. The membranes have good ion-selective properties with respect to polyvalent ions and may be used for desalting brackish water containing magnesium sulphate. In an example, sea-water with a NaCl content of 30 gm./litre is placed in a three-chamber apparatus in which the anode compartment is separated from the dialysis compartment by a positive ion-selective membrane of regenerated cellulose which has been combined with the methylol compound of carbamidomethyl - trimethyl - ammonium chloride, and in which the cathode compartment is separated from the dialysis compartment by a negative ion-selective membrane of regenerated cellulose which has been combined with the methylol compound of a ,a 1-adipamide-disulphonic acid. The dialysis may be carried out at current densities of 2.5-25 m.Amp./sq. cm.ALSO:Semi-permeable selective membranes are made of high molecular weight organic substances in which hydrogen atoms of reactive hydroxyl groups have at least been partly replaced by side chains of the formula <FORM:0733100/IV (b)/1> in which R represents an organic group containing at least one ionic group, i.e. an ionizable radical capable of dissociating in aqueous medium so that an electrically charged radical remains linked to the high molecular weight substance. A membrane of regenerated amylose, or similar high molecular weight substance with reactive hydroxyl groups may be reacted with a compound containing at least one N-methylol acid amide group with at least one ionic group or with a group which can readily be replaced by an ionic group in a second processing stage. A N-methylol compound of an acid amide wherein at least one hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom has been replaced by halogen or by a trialkylamino, dialkylamino, or sulphonic acid group may be used for introducing the desired groups into the substance of the membrane. For producing a positive membrane, the methylol compound of carbamidomethyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride or the methylol compound of chloro-acetamide may be used. For the production of a negative membrane from the compound thus obtained, the chlorine atom may be replaced by a sulphonic acid group, e.g. by the action of potassium sulphite. If the chlorine atom is replaced by dimethylamine, a positive membrane is obtained and the positive character may further be intensified by the action of methyl iodide. The membranes obtained preserve their selectivity in relatively strong salt concentrations in a liquid to be desalted and in the rinsing liquids. To reduce the swelling of the membranes in aqueous solutions, they may be reacted with compounds such as formaldehyde or the dimethylol compound of adipamide so as to form non-ionic bridge-bonds. Alternatively bridge-bonds containing at least one ionic group may be formed, e.g. the amylose membrane may be reacted with the methylol compound of a ,a -dibromoadipic diamide. In an example, a membrane of amylose is impregnated with a solution obtained by heating an aqueous solution containing carbamidomethyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride, formaldehyde, and potassium carbonate and subsequently acidifying with oxalic acid to a pH of 2.0. The impregnated membrane is dried and then heated in air at 140 DEG C. for 10 minutes.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL733100X | 1952-02-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB733100A true GB733100A (en) | 1955-07-06 |
Family
ID=19820332
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB3889/53A Expired GB733100A (en) | 1952-02-11 | 1953-02-11 | Permselective membranes, their manufacture and use in electrodialysis |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE517435A (en) |
GB (1) | GB733100A (en) |
NL (1) | NL77406C (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0147369A2 (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1985-07-03 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Cellulosic material ionically modified, its preparation and use |
EP0167488A2 (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1986-01-08 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Ionically modified polysaccharides, process for their preparation and their use |
CN113437341A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-24 | 泰山学院 | Amphoteric ion conduction membrane for flow battery and preparation method thereof |
-
0
- BE BE517435D patent/BE517435A/xx unknown
- NL NL77406D patent/NL77406C/xx active
-
1953
- 1953-02-11 GB GB3889/53A patent/GB733100A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0147369A2 (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1985-07-03 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Cellulosic material ionically modified, its preparation and use |
EP0147369A3 (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1986-12-10 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Cellulosic material ionically modified, its preparation and use |
EP0167488A2 (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1986-01-08 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Ionically modified polysaccharides, process for their preparation and their use |
EP0167488A3 (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1987-05-20 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Ionically modified polysaccharides, process for their preparation and their use |
US5010184A (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1991-04-23 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Ionically modified agarose |
CN113437341A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-24 | 泰山学院 | Amphoteric ion conduction membrane for flow battery and preparation method thereof |
CN113437341B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-04-12 | 泰山学院 | Amphoteric ion conduction membrane for flow battery and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL77406C (en) | |
BE517435A (en) |
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