GB721670A - Stabilising and improving hydrocarbon compositions and agents therefor - Google Patents
Stabilising and improving hydrocarbon compositions and agents thereforInfo
- Publication number
- GB721670A GB721670A GB23476/50A GB2347650A GB721670A GB 721670 A GB721670 A GB 721670A GB 23476/50 A GB23476/50 A GB 23476/50A GB 2347650 A GB2347650 A GB 2347650A GB 721670 A GB721670 A GB 721670A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- colloidal
- hydroxide
- calcium
- magnesium
- compounds
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract 30
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title abstract 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 14
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title abstract 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 20
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 15
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 14
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 14
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 abstract 14
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 14
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 12
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 9
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 8
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 6
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 5
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 5
- -1 phosphatides Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Sr+2] UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910001866 strontium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical class CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- ZCZLQYAECBEUBH-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZCZLQYAECBEUBH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- NKFIBMOQAPEKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1h-indole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2NC(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1 NKFIBMOQAPEKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- JEDXEJZPHJDFIV-UHFFFAOYSA-L ClC(C(C(=O)[O-])(C1=CC=CC=C1)Cl)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.[Ca+2].ClC(C(C(=O)[O-])(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound ClC(C(C(=O)[O-])(C1=CC=CC=C1)Cl)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.[Ca+2].ClC(C(C(=O)[O-])(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC JEDXEJZPHJDFIV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- PMIGJHGQHKWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(O)(O)=O.ClC(Cl)Cl Chemical compound P(O)(O)=O.ClC(Cl)Cl PMIGJHGQHKWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical class CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- RXPKHKBYUIHIGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;12-hydroxyoctadecanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RXPKHKBYUIHIGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- MCPSMQGVSYDFLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;2-octylphenol Chemical class O=C.CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O MCPSMQGVSYDFLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCC2=C1 PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical class CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 abstract 1
- KRNIUQSRWINBLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-butyl butylsulfanylmethanethioate;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CCCCOC(=S)SCCCC KRNIUQSRWINBLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC.CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0052—Preparation of gels
- B01J13/0065—Preparation of gels containing an organic phase
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0086—Preparation of sols by physical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/063—Peroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Abstract
A composition consisting of hydrocarbons is stabilized against deterioration by the incorporation therein of a minor proportion of a colloidal basic compound of an alkaline earth metal or magnesium, the particles of the colloid having at least one dimension within the range 0.001-0.5 microns. Suitable colloidal compounds are the colloidal oxides, hydroxides and sulphides of the alkaline earth metals and magnesium, particularly the colloidal forms of calcium oxide, hydroxide or sulphide, magnesium oxide or hydroxide, barium oxide or hydroxide and strontium hydroxide. Mixtures of two or more such colloidal compounds or mixtures of such a colloidal compound with an organic salt or alcoholate of an alkaline earth metal or magnesium may be employed. Examples of hydrocarbons are liquid butanes, pentanes, hexanes, heptanes, octanes, octenes, benzene, toluene, xylene, cumene, indene, hydrindene and alkylnaphthalenes.ALSO:A composition consisting wholly or predominantly of hydrocarbons is stabilized against deterioration or otherwise improved by the incorporation therein of a minor proportion of a colloidal basic compound of an alkaline earth metal or magnesium, the particles of the colloid having at least one dimension within the range 0.001-0.5 microns. The colloidal compounds prevent deterioration of lubricating oils and greases and liquid fuels on storage, prevent deterioration of lubricating oils and greases during use, and also act as detergents and anti-wear agents in lubricants. The addition of the colloidal compounds to liquid fuels of high sulphur content, allows such fuels to be employed in engines without fouling of the engine and allows such fuels to be employed in the open hearth steel process without reaction between the sulphur and the limestone over the steel puddles. The use of the colloidal compounds as saponifying agents in the preparation of lubricating greases, employing a slight excess of the colloidal compound so that the final grease contains a small amount of the colloidal compound, results in the formation of greases which have a desirable texture, a high drop point, improved water resistance, and stability under static and dynamic conditions. Suitable colloidal compounds are the colloidal oxides, hydroxides and sulphides of the alkaline earth metals and magnesium, particularly the colloidal forms of calcium oxide, hydroxide or sulphide, magnesium oxide or hydroxide, barium oxide or hydroxide, and strontium hydroxide. Mixtures of two or more such colloidal compounds or mixtures of such a colloidal compound with an organic salt or alcoholate of an alkaline earth metal of magnesium may be employed. Lubricants mentioned are petroleum lubricating oils, polymerized olefins, resinous hydrocarbon materials having lubricating properties such as petroleum resins, and mixtures of hydrocarbon lubricants with minor proportions of synthetic lubricants. Hydrocarbon compositions containing the colloidal compounds may be used in the form of water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions for lubricating purposes. Lubricating compositions according to the invention may contain additional ingredients such as non-metallic detergents (e.g. phosphatides, fatty oils, and voltolized fatty or mineral oils), antioxidants (e.g. alkyl phenols, amino phenols and amines, of which examples are given), corrosion inhibitors or anti-rusting compounds (e.g. dicarboxylic acids of 16 and more carbon atoms, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of sulphonic acids and fatty acids, and organic compounds containing an acidic radicle in close proximity to a mercapto, nitrile, nitro or nitroso group), oil-soluble urea or thiourea derivatives (e.g. urethanes, allophanates, carbazides and carbazones) and oil-soluble polymeric materials (e.g. polyisobutylene polymers and polymerized unsaturated esters of fatty acids and monohydric alcohols. Lubricating greases according to the invention may be gelled with barium stearate, magnesium stearate, calcium oleate, calcium oleate and calcium 12-hydroxy stearate, and barium stearate and barium acetate. The greases may in addition contain oxidation inhibitors such as phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, corrosion inhibitors, anti-wear agents such as zinc dibutyl dithiocarbonate, and fillers such as graphite, mica, clays and asbestos. Liquid fuels mentioned are gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil and gas oil; they may contain tetra-alkyl lead, antioxidants such as aromatic amines and other improving agents. Other hydrocarbons mentioned are paraffin wax and petrolatum. In the examples, compositions are described consisting of (a) mineral lubricating oil and colloidal calcium hydroxide with or without one of the following:-calcium alcoholates, oil-soluble condensation product of octylphenol and formaldehyde, calcium petroleum sulphonate, the blend (calcium salts of octyl phenol-formaldehyde condensation product plus zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate plus phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine), dibutyl trichloromethane phosphonate, calcium dichlorophenylstearate, and potassium salt of a P2S5 olefine reaction product, (b) mineral lubricating oil, colloidal barium hydroxide and barium petroleum sulphonate, (c) sulphur-containing diesel oil and colloidal calcium hydroxide with or without calcium naphthenate, (d) hydrocarbon motor fuel, colloidal calcium hydroxide, tetra ethyl lead, ethylene bromide and ethylene bromide and ethylene chloride and, (f) mineral lubricating oil thickened to grease structure by a composition obtained by saponifying a mixture of hydrogenated fish oil fatty acids and hydrogenated castor oil with an excess of colloidal calcium hydroxide or of a mixture of colloidal calcium hydroxide and calcium alcoholate. Coating compositions. Rust-preventive compositions for metal surfaces, which compositions consist predominantly of hydrocarbons, can be improved by the addition thereto of the colloidal basic compounds of alkaline earth metals or magnesium. The vehicle for such compositions can be volatile hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon waxes, asphaltic materials or mixtures thereof. The colloidal compounds, particularly colloidal calcium hydroxide, can also be used as flattening or anti-gloss agents in varnish and lacquers based on hydrocarbon solvents and thinners without affecting the transparency of the product. Preparation of colloidal compounds. Suitable colloids are obtained by mixing a solution of an inorganic salt of an alkaline earth metal of magnesium in an organic solvent with a solution of an alkali metal hydroxide in the organic solvent and removing the alkali metal salt formed from the colloidal product. Thus in the p preparation of colloidal calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide each in an organic solvent such as an alcohol (e.g. methanol or ethanol) may be reacted, and the salt formed removed by washing the colloidal product with methanol. The colloidal material thus produced is believed to comprise a mixture of colloidal calcium hydroxide and calcium alcoholate. This mixture can be hydrolyzed to convert the calcium alcoholate to colloidal calcium hydroxide. Magnesium chloride or barium chloride or other water-soluble salts such as the nitrates or acetates may be employed instead of the calcium chloride, while potassium hydroxide or other alkali metal hydroxide may be employed instead of the sodium hydroxide. In the examples, colloidal calcium hydroxide is prepared by reacting methanol or isopropanol solutions of calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide.ALSO:The detrimental effects of acid formation and other forms of deterioration in asphaltic compositions are combated by the incorporation therein of a minor proportion of a colloidal basic compound of an alkaline earth metal or magnesium, the particles of the colloid having at least one dimension within the range 0.001-0.5 microns. Suitable colloidal compounds are the colloidal oxides, hydroxides and sulphides of the alkaline earth metals and magnesium particularly the colloidal forms of calcium oxide, hydroxide or sulphide, magnesium oxide or hydroxide, barium oxide or hydroxide, and strontium hydroxide. Mixtures of two or more such colloidal compounds with an organic salt or alcoholate of an alkaline earth metal or magnesium may be employed. Asphaltic compositions mentioned are albino asphalts, and compositions suitable for road, roofing and other protective applications, including rust-preventive compositions for metal surfaces.ALSO:The detrimental effects of acid formation and other forms of deterioration in insecticidal and fungicidal compositions consisting wholly or predominantly of hydrocarbons are combated by the incorporation therein of a minor proportion of a colloidal basic compound of an alkaline earth metal or magnesium, the particles of the colloid having at least one dimension within the range 0.001-0.5 microns. Suitable colloidal compounds are the colloidal oxides, hydroxides and sulphides of the alkaline earth metals and magnesium, particularly the colloidal forms of calcium oxide, hydroxide or sulphide, magnesium oxide or hydroxide, barium oxide or hydroxide, and strontium hydroxide. Mixtures of two or more such colloidal compounds or mixtures of such a colloidal compound with an organic salt or alcoholate of an alkaline earth metal or magnesium may be employed. The insecticidal or fungicidal compositions may be used in the form of water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US118162A US2671758A (en) | 1949-09-27 | 1949-09-27 | Colloidal compositions and derivatives thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB721670A true GB721670A (en) | 1955-01-12 |
Family
ID=22376855
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB23476/50A Expired GB721670A (en) | 1949-09-27 | 1950-09-25 | Stabilising and improving hydrocarbon compositions and agents therefor |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2671758A (en) |
GB (1) | GB721670A (en) |
Families Citing this family (110)
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US2820007A (en) * | 1953-11-24 | 1958-01-14 | Shell Dev | Lubricating compositions |
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US3002825A (en) * | 1954-09-14 | 1961-10-03 | Robert S Norris | Fuel oil additive for preventing wear in diesel engines and gas turbines |
US2921891A (en) * | 1955-01-13 | 1960-01-19 | North American Aviation Inc | Reactor coolant-moderator |
US2816868A (en) * | 1955-03-21 | 1957-12-17 | Shell Dev | Lubricating oil compositions |
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US2861951A (en) * | 1955-04-27 | 1958-11-25 | Continental Oil Co | Method of dispersing barium carbonate in a non-volatile carrier |
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US3018172A (en) * | 1957-05-13 | 1962-01-23 | Continental Oil Co | Aluminum-containing additive for fuel oil compositions and method of preparing the same |
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US2955093A (en) * | 1957-06-28 | 1960-10-04 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Inhibition of mold corrosion for quaternized polymers |
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US3104175A (en) * | 1961-06-07 | 1963-09-17 | Printing Arts Res Lab Inc | Softenable film material and method of using same |
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US3129185A (en) * | 1961-12-21 | 1964-04-14 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Lubrication of refrigeration equipment |
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US3951849A (en) * | 1971-09-07 | 1976-04-20 | Basic Incorporated | Production of dispersions of fine powders |
US3925087A (en) * | 1974-04-04 | 1975-12-09 | Economics Lab | Corrosion inhibition or prevention with inorganic-organic complexes |
GB1505458A (en) * | 1975-02-24 | 1978-03-30 | Monsanto Co | Catalyst precursor preparation |
US4080177A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1978-03-21 | Winston Boyer | Colloidal magnesium suspension in critical low concentration in jet fuel |
US4080178A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1978-03-21 | Winston Boyer | Colloidal magnesium suspension in critical low concentration in diesel fuel |
US4080179A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1978-03-21 | Winston Boyer | Colloidal magnesium suspension in critical low concentration in motor gasoline and method of preparation |
US4061473A (en) * | 1975-08-21 | 1977-12-06 | Norris Robert S | Process to embody waste automotive lubricating oils into a fuel additive to reduce corrosion and deposits and augment energy availability |
US4217142A (en) * | 1975-08-29 | 1980-08-12 | National Research Development Corporation | Metal coating compositions |
GB1555468A (en) * | 1975-08-29 | 1979-11-14 | Nat Res Dev | Metal coarting compositions |
US4101293A (en) * | 1977-03-30 | 1978-07-18 | Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. | Stabilizing emulsifiers |
US4229974A (en) * | 1978-10-27 | 1980-10-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Petroleum and synthetic grease thermoparticulating coating |
US4410446A (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1983-10-18 | Petrolite Corporation | Zinc oxide dispersions by decomposition of zinc acetate |
US4298482A (en) * | 1979-06-20 | 1981-11-03 | Petrolite Corporation | Low temperature process of preparing Mg(OH)2 suspensions |
US4536372A (en) * | 1980-01-22 | 1985-08-20 | The Standard Oil Company | Apparatus for beneficiating coal |
US4304573A (en) * | 1980-01-22 | 1981-12-08 | Gulf & Western Industries, Inc. | Process of beneficiating coal and product |
US4406664A (en) * | 1980-01-22 | 1983-09-27 | Gulf & Western Industries, Inc. | Process for the enhanced separation of impurities from coal and coal products produced therefrom |
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US4526585A (en) * | 1981-05-28 | 1985-07-02 | The Standard Oil Company | Beneficiated coal, coal mixtures and processes for the production thereof |
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US5453209A (en) * | 1991-09-09 | 1995-09-26 | Simon; Juanito A. | Chemical metal and oil treating composition and process |
GB9121143D0 (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1991-11-13 | Tioxide Chemicals Limited | Dispersions |
ITPN20030009U1 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-10-05 | Mgm Spa | SHOE WITH IN-LINE WHEELS, PARTICULARLY COMPETITION. |
CA2496100A1 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-10 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Power transmission fluids with enhanced extreme pressure characteristics |
US20050250656A1 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2005-11-10 | Masahiro Ishikawa | Continuously variable transmission fluid |
EP1612256B1 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2012-06-13 | Infineum International Limited | Fuel additives comprising a colloidal metal compound. |
US20060025314A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-02 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Power transmission fluids with enhanced extreme pressure and antiwear characteristics |
US20060223716A1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-05 | Milner Jeffrey L | Tractor fluids |
US7906465B2 (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2011-03-15 | Afton Chemical Corp. | Lubricant compositions |
US7833952B2 (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2010-11-16 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant compositions |
US20080119377A1 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-05-22 | Devlin Mark T | Lubricant compositions |
GB0705920D0 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2007-05-09 | Infineum Int Ltd | Method of supplying iron to the particulate trap of a diesel engine exhaust |
US20090011963A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-08 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Truck fleet fuel economy by the use of optimized engine oil, transmission fluid, and gear oil |
US7737094B2 (en) | 2007-10-25 | 2010-06-15 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Engine wear protection in engines operated using ethanol-based fuel |
SG10201907833WA (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2019-10-30 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Co Lp | Oligomerization of alpha olefins using metallocene-ssa catalyst systems and use of the resultant polyalphaolefins to prepare lubricant blends |
JP5733585B2 (en) | 2010-02-19 | 2015-06-10 | インフィニューム インターナショナル リミテッド | Wet friction clutch-lubricant system providing high dynamic coefficient of friction through the use of borated detergent |
WO2011102835A1 (en) | 2010-02-19 | 2011-08-25 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Wet friction clutch-lubricant systems providing high dynamic coefficients of friction through the use of sodium detergents |
US9725673B2 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2017-08-08 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant compositions for improved engine performance |
Family Cites Families (4)
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US1800881A (en) * | 1928-09-15 | 1931-04-14 | Smith Corp A O | Corrosion-retarding compound and process of making the same |
US2079051A (en) * | 1933-03-15 | 1937-05-04 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricating oil |
US2381708A (en) * | 1942-04-24 | 1945-08-07 | Union Oil Co | Sulphonation process |
US2485861A (en) * | 1945-10-01 | 1949-10-25 | Sumner E Campbell | Lubricating oil |
-
1949
- 1949-09-27 US US118162A patent/US2671758A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1950
- 1950-09-25 GB GB23476/50A patent/GB721670A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US2671758A (en) | 1954-03-09 |
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