GB670299A - Process of and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Process of and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons

Info

Publication number
GB670299A
GB670299A GB15830/49A GB1583049A GB670299A GB 670299 A GB670299 A GB 670299A GB 15830/49 A GB15830/49 A GB 15830/49A GB 1583049 A GB1583049 A GB 1583049A GB 670299 A GB670299 A GB 670299A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
gas
layer
layers
catalyst
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB15830/49A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of GB670299A publication Critical patent/GB670299A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0492—Feeding reactive fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0423—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds
    • B01J8/0438—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being placed next to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0449—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds
    • B01J8/0453—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
    • C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
    • C07C1/0455—Reaction conditions
    • C07C1/048—Temperature controlling measures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/1512—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by reaction conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/1516—Multisteps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/152—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00194—Tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
    • B01J2219/182—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor horizontal

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

<PICT:0670299/IV (b)/1> <PICT:0670299/IV (b)/2> The synthesis of hydrocarbons, which may be admixed with oxygenated derivatives, by passing CO and H2 through a succession of layers of synthesis catalyst, is characterized by reducing the temperature of the gas leaving one layer by cooling, by an amount approximately equal to or only slightly less than the increase in temperature produced in said layer, before said gas traverses the next layer. Preferably 5 or more layers are used, and the gas leaving each layer may be led along cooling surfaces. The bulk of the gas from the last layer is returned after cooling to the first. The quantity of gas fed, and volume of catalyst layers, are adjusted to give a temperature rise of about 10-30 DEG C. in each layer. The conversion in each layer may be kept below 2, preferably at 0.3-1 per cent of the total gas entering. Cold or warm feed gas may be added between layers. Bulk or suspended catalysts may be used. Spent catalyst may be used in a first layer and progressively fresher catalyst in following layers. Horizontal or inclined cylindrical containers with the catalyst layers disposed between permeable partitions may be used. Piston-like members may close the filling apertures for catalyst. Laminated or pipe coolers are disposed between the layers. A reactor comprises sections 11 formed by perforated catalyst trays 12, hot feed gas entering at 15 and leaving at 13. Hot gas is recycled by pipe 1 or is cooled in steam generator 7 and condenser 8 and returned by pipe 2 through conduits 10. In Fig. 3, a pressure vessel 24 contains catalyst layers 23 between which are disposed indirect cooling pipes 27 connected by pipes 29 to steam collector 30. Fresh gas inlets 31 and hot gas recycle pump 33 are provided. In an example, using the apparatus of Fig. 1, there are 12 catalyst layers increasing in thickness downwards. The increase in temperature of about 15 DEG C. in each layer is balanced by the admission of cold gas.ALSO:The synthesis of hydrocarbons &c. by passing CO and H2 through a succession of layers of synthesis catalyst, is characterized by reducing the temperature of the gas leaving one layer by cooling by an amount approximately equal to or only slightly less than the increase in temperature produced in said layer, before said gas traverses the next layer. Preferably five or more layers are used, and the gas leaving each layer may be led along cooling surfaces. The bulk of the gas from the last layer is returned after cooling to the first. The quantity of gas fed, and volume of catalyst layers are adjusted to give a temperature rise of about 10-30 DEG C. in each layer. The conversion in each layer may be kept below 2, preferably at 0.3-1 per cent of the total gas entering. Cold or warm feed gas may be added between layers. Bulk or suspended catalysts may be used. Spent catalyst may be used in a <PICT:0670299/III/1> <PICT:0670299/III/2> first layer and progressively fresher catalyst in following layers. Horizontal or inclined cylindrical containers with the catalyst layers disposed between permeable partitions may be used. Piston-like members may close the filling apertures for catalyst. Laminated or pipe coolers are disposed between the layers. A reactor comprises sections 11 formed by perforated catalyst trays 12, hot feed gas entering at 15 and leaving at 13. Hot gas is recycled by pipe 1 or is cooled in steam generator 7 and condenser 8 and returned by pipe 2 through conduits 10. In Fig. 3, a pressure vessel 24 contains catalyst layers 23 between which are disposed indirect cooling pipes 27 connected by pipes 29 to steam collector 30. Fresh gas inlets 31 and hot gas recycle pump 33 are provided. In an example using the apparatus of Fig. 1, there are 12 catalyst layers increasing in thickness downwards. The increase in temperature of about 15 DEG C., in each layer is balanced by the admission of cold gas.
GB15830/49A 1948-11-02 1949-06-14 Process of and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons Expired GB670299A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH670299X 1948-11-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB670299A true GB670299A (en) 1952-04-16

Family

ID=4527611

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB15830/49A Expired GB670299A (en) 1948-11-02 1949-06-14 Process of and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB670299A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995024961A1 (en) * 1994-03-14 1995-09-21 Methanol Casale S.A. Horizontal reactor for heterogeneous exothermic synthesis, in particular for methanol synthesis
US7279138B2 (en) 2003-03-20 2007-10-09 Methanol Casale S.A. Horizontal chemical reactor, in particular for methanol synthesis

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995024961A1 (en) * 1994-03-14 1995-09-21 Methanol Casale S.A. Horizontal reactor for heterogeneous exothermic synthesis, in particular for methanol synthesis
US7279138B2 (en) 2003-03-20 2007-10-09 Methanol Casale S.A. Horizontal chemical reactor, in particular for methanol synthesis

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