GB2625101A - Nickel based superalloy, raw material, component and method - Google Patents

Nickel based superalloy, raw material, component and method Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2625101A
GB2625101A GB2218300.8A GB202218300A GB2625101A GB 2625101 A GB2625101 A GB 2625101A GB 202218300 A GB202218300 A GB 202218300A GB 2625101 A GB2625101 A GB 2625101A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
nickel
molybdenum
based superalloy
zirconium
boron
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GB2218300.8A
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GB202218300D0 (en
Inventor
Grüger Birgit
Hasselqvist Magnus
Depka Timo
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority to GB2218300.8A priority Critical patent/GB2625101A/en
Publication of GB202218300D0 publication Critical patent/GB202218300D0/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/081291 priority patent/WO2024120733A1/en
Publication of GB2625101A publication Critical patent/GB2625101A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/056Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/057Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being less 10%

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

A nickel-based superalloy which consists of (by weight): 3.0-9.0 % cobalt, 11.0-14.0 % chromium, 1.0-3.5 % molybdenum, 4.0-6.0 % aluminium, 2.7-4.0 % titanium, 0.03-0.15 % carbon, 0.005-0.030 % boron, 0.005-0.03 % zirconium, 0-2.0 % hafnium, 0-5 % tungsten, optionally 1.5-3.0 % tungsten, optionally 1.0-2.5 % niobium and/or optionally 0.005-0.03 % silicon, nickel and unavoidable impurities. The alloy can be used to make components from a powdered form of the alloy and can be used to make components by casting which can have an equiaxed microstructure, a columnar, directionally-solidified microstructure or a single crystal.

Description

Nickel based superalloy, raw material, component and method The invention relates to a Nickel based superalloy, a raw material, a component and method to cast it.
When later stage blades are designed for aero efficiency and against creep, the design work is constrained by LCF in the disc attachment due to the mass of said blades. A reduced density in the blade alloy will, everything else being equal, enable designs with better aero efficiency and/or allow higher metal temperatures, as it eases the LCF constraint.
Improved Aero efficiency and/or increased allowable metal temperatures will e.g., enable an increased thermal efficiency in a combined cycle power plant.
Later stage blades operate at temperatures where hot corrosion agents are particularly aggressive. In order to enable fuel flexibility, including use of corrosive fuels including bio-fuels and, handle air borne contaminants such as sea salt, it is advantageous to have a good hot corrosion resistance.
The general rule of thumb for good hot corrosion resistance is to have a nominal composition with at least about 12 wt% Chromium (Cr), at most about 2 wt% Molybdenum (Mo) and no Vanadium (V).
About 12 wt% Cr enables formation of a continuous layer of Cr203 in the oxide layer to slow down further oxidation, and, to retard the influx of corrosive elements into the alloy. Molybdenum (Mo) and no Vanadium (V) can react with and accelerate the attack from corrosive agents.
Oxidation is normally not a major issue in the later stage blades since the metal tempera-tures are moderate by the standards of gas turbine hot stage components. Later stage blades typically operate in the 600 to 800°C range. It is then sufficient to have the ability to form a continuous and adherent Cr2O3 layer.
1N792 with a nominal composition, in wt%, of Ni-8.5Co-12.5Cr-1.8Mo-4W-3.4A1-4Ti-4Ta- 0.08C-0.02Zr-0.015B has a good combination of creep and hot corrosion resistance, a gamma prime particle content of about 50mol%, and is extensively used for later stage blades and other turbine components. Molybdenum (Mo) and no Vanadium (V) are used to strengthen the gamma matrix while Titanium (Ti) and Tantalum (Ta) are used to strengthen the gamma prime particles.
It is therefore the aim of the invention to improve the properties of a nickel-based superalloy.
The problem is solved by an alloy according to claim 1, by a raw material according to claim 13, a component according to claim 14 and a method according to claim 17.
In the dependent claims further advantageous features are listed which can be combined with each other to yield further advantages.
While an increased gamma prime content above the relatively high level already seen in IN792 can be detrimental to the long-term creep strength as it can exacerbate the long-term coarsening of the gamma prime structure, coarsening is not a critical issue at the metal temperatures associated with later stage blades. While an increased gamma prime content can also be detrimental to all properties as it can exacerbate the tendency for precipitation of unwanted phases such as Laves and Sigma, in the invention the increased gamma prime content is balanced by the reduction in strengthening elements such that the phase stability is retained.
A blade alloy having creep and corrosion resistance on the IN792 level and a reduced density would enable higher performance. It is accordingly the aim of the invention to provide an alloy with IN792 level creep and corrosion resistance and a reduced density. Rela-tive to IN792, the levels of the strengthening elements are reduced, which is detrimental for the creep strength but will reduce the density. Al is increased which will further reduce the density and increase the gamma prime particle content which is beneficial for the creep strength. Ta is replaced by Nb which will further reduce the density. Si is included at a low measured level while nominally set to zero in most specifications for IN792. This inclusion is to avoid the risk for the reduction in oxidation and hot corrosion resistance which might occur if the production process for a component turned out to result in an unusually low level of Silicon (Si) since Silicon (Si) has a beneficial catalytic effect on the selective oxidation of protective Cr203 even at low levels. Hafnium (Hf) values from up to 2.0 wt%, the range seen in commercial alloys, can be added as necessary. The higher Hafnium (Hf) values would be used if the alloy is directionally cast.
Hafnium (Hf) up to about 2.0 wt% is included by some casting vendors to improve the casting yield. Whether Hafnium (Hf) is an advantage, and if so at what level, depends on the component geometry, and, the specific casting methodology, mold materials and rigs used by the vendor. When Hafnium (Hf) is added, the levels of one or more of the other alloy elements are reduced somewhat to ensure that this does not cause an increased propensity for precipitation of unwanted phases such as Laves and Sigma.
Tantalum (Ta) is often added for oxidation resistance as well as strength in alloys made for hot stage blades while Niobium (Nb) provides the same strengthening effect per at% but does not boost the oxidation resistance. Hence a replacement of Tantalum (Ta) by Niobium (Nb) is beneficial in later stage blades where a reduced density at the cost of some oxidation resistance is a reasonable bargain.
The inventive Nickel based alloy has following composition: comprising (in wt%) Nickel based superalloy, comprising (in wt%) 3,0% -9,0% Cobalt (Co), especially 4,0% -9,0% Cobalt (Co), 11,0% -14,0% Chromium (Cr), especially 11,5% -13,5% Chromium (Cr), very especially 12,0% -13,0% Chromium (Cr), 1,0% -3,5% Molybdenum (Mo), especially 1,5% -3,5% Molybdenum (Mo), 4,0% -6,0% Aluminum (Al), especially 4,5% -6,0% Aluminum (Al), very especially 5,0% Aluminum (Al), 2,7% -4,0% Titanium (Ti), especially 3,0% -4,0% Titanium (Ti), very especially 3,5% Titanium (Ti), 0,03% -0,15% Carbon (C), especially 0,08% -0,15% Carbon (C), 0,005% -0,030% Boron (B), especially 0,008% -0,020% Boron (B), very especially 0,015% Boron (B), 0,005% -0,03% Zirconium (Zr) , especially 0,008% -0,012% Zirconium (Zr) very especially 0,01% Zirconium (Zr), Nickel (Ni) and unavoidable impurities especially consisting of these elements, optionally 1,5% -3,0% Tungsten (V11) , especially 1,5% -2,5% Tungsten (VV) 1,0% -2,5% Niobium (Nb), especially 1,0% -2,0% Nion (Nb) , 0.005% -0.03% Silicon (Si), up to to 2,0% Hafnium (HO, especially 0,5% to 1.5% Hafnium (HO, up to 5 wt% Iron (Fe), especially up to 3,0wP/0 Iron (Fe), max 5ppm Sulfur (S).
Especially it consists of these elements, Especially only the elements are used for this alloy.
One possible composition is given, in wt%, by Ni-5Co-12.5Cr-2Mo-2W-5AI-3.5Ti-1.5Nb0.12C-0.015B-0.01Zr and has a density in the 7.8 to 8kg/dm3 range and a gamma prime particle content (at 850C) of 67mo1% It can be noted that the alloy is free of Rhenium (Re) and Tantalum (Ta) , two elements which are commonly used in modern Nickel base superalloys, but which unfortunately significantly increase their densities. Boron (B), Carbon (C) and Zirconium (Zr) are used for grain boundary strengthening and are included at normal values for high strength Nickel base gamma prime strengthened superalloys.
The alloy should furthermore preferably be cast with a clean process such that e.g., the resulting sulfur content is below 5 ppm. Sulfur (S) can severely reduce the protective capability and adherence of the Cr2O3 layer, hence a strict cap on this element is prudent despite the moderate service temperatures.
One possible embodiment is given, in wt%, by Ni-5Co-12.5Cr-1.8Mo-2.2W-5AI-3.5Ti1.5Nb-0.1C-0.015B-0.01Zr-0.01Si. It has a predicted density of about 7.9 kg/dm3 using the extended Caron formula below, and, a predicted gamma prime particle content, at 850°C, of 67mo1% based on ThermoCalc with TTNi8 as data base. Relative to IN792 the levels of the gamma matrix elements Co and W are reduced. The reduction in gamma matrix strength is however small since the amount of gamma matrix to be strengthened by Mo and W is reduced relative to IN792. 1.5wt% Niobium (Nb) corresponds to about 3 wt% Tantalum (Ta) on an at% basis. Hence the sum of the gamma prime strengthening ele-ments Titanium (Ti), Tantalum (Ta) and Niobium (Nb) is reduced relative to the very high level of gamma prime strengthening elements used in IN792. Al is increased to enable a higher gamma prime content.
Hafnium (Hf) can be added as required w.r.t. the production process requirements, as done today for IN792, in which case one or more of the alloy elements need to be adjusted by those skilled in the art such that e.g., the propensity for precipitation of unwanted phases does not increase. Relative to IN792, a higher upper limit of 2,0 wt% is chosen to also allow for directional solidification casting. Furthermore, Iron (Fe) can be added as necessary to reduce the gamma prime Solvus in order to increase the heat treatment window, e.g., to manage inclusion of Hafnium (Hf) which tends to reduce the heat treatment window.
Tungsten (VV) in this range provides a useful strengthening effect and low enough to avoid excessive formation of undesired phases.
Aluminum (Al) is included at between about 4wV/0 and 6 wt%. In this range it high enough to reduce the risk that the joint should be a weak link w.r.t. oxidation and corrosion, high enough to assist in the formation of gamma prime particles, and low enough to avoid ex-cessive formation of undesired phases.
Tantalum (Ta) is preferably not included.
Molybdenum (Mo) is a potent gamma matrix strengthening element with a low diffusivity.
Carbon (C) is an element with a high diffusivity and can at a first glance be assumed to equilibrate easily with surrounding parts. In-house experience does however sometimes show essentially carbide free joints (which is not useful) when Carbon (C) free BFM's have been used. Our interpretation is that the carbon close to the joint is at least tempo-rarily bound in carbo-borides as Boron (B) from the joint diffuses from the joint. There should be a lower limit on Carbon (C) to avoid completely Carbon (C) free joints, but too high levels of Carbon (C) implies a risk for formation of embrittling carbide films and elongated carbides. Carbon (C) is included at between 0.03wt% and 0.15 wt%.
Zirconium (Zr) is an element which provides grain boundary strengthening and acts as a sulfur gatherer at low measured levels. It needs to be capped at a low level since it tends to segregate which could lead to incipient melting since it is a melt depressant. It is included at between 0.005wt% and 0.03 wt%.
Further examples of the invention are listed here: Cr Co Mow Al Ti Nb Hf C B Zr Fe Si 1 12,5% 5% 2% 2% 5% 3.5% 1.5% 0.12% 0.015% 0.01% 2 12.5% 5% 2% 2% 5% 3.5% 1.5% 0.12% 0.015% 0.01% 3 12.5% 5% 3% 5% 3.5% 1.5% 0.12% 0.015% 0.01% 4 12.5% 5% 1.8% 2.2% 5% 3.3% 1.4% 0.5% 0.1% 0.015% 0.01% 0.01% 12.5% 5% 1.8% 2.2% 5% 3.5% 1.5% 0.1% 0.015% 0.01% 0.01% 6 12% 3% 2% 2% 42% 3.0% 1.0% 0.5% 0.05% 0.015% 1% 7 14% 8% 2% 2.1% 5.5% 3.9% 1.5% 0.08% 0.015% 0.01% 0.02% 8 12% 7% 1.8% 2.2% 6% 2.8% 0.8% 0.08% 0.015% 0.008% 0.5% 0.008%

Claims (17)

  1. Claims 1. Nickel based superalloy, comprising (in wt%) 3,0% -9,0% Cobalt (Co), especially 4,0% -9,0% Cobalt (Co), 11,0% -14,0% Chromium (Cr), especially 11,5% -13,5% Chromium (Cr), very especially 12,0% -13,0% Chromium (Cr), 1,0% -3,5% Molybdenum (Mo), especially 1,5% -3,5% Molybdenum (Mo), 4,0% -6,0% Aluminum (Al), especially 4,5% -6,0% Aluminum (Al), very especially 5,0% Aluminum (Al), 2,7% -4,0% Titanium (Ti), especially 3,0% -4,0% Titanium (Ti), very especially 3,5% Titanium (Ti), 0,03% -0,15% Carbon (C), especially 0,08% -0,15% Carbon (C), 0,005% -0,030% Boron (B), especially 0,008% -0,020% Boron (B), very especially 0,015% Boron (B), 0,005% -0,03% Zirconium (Zr) , especially 0,008% -0,012% Zirconium (Zr) , very especially 0,01% Zirconium (Zr), Nickel (Ni) and unavoidable impurities especially consisting of these elements, optionally 1,5% -3,0% Tungsten especially 1,5% -2,5% Tungsten °AO 1,0% -2,5% Niobium (Nb), especially 1,0% -2,0% Nion (Nb) , 0.005% -0.03% Silicon (Si), up to to 2,0% Hafnium (HO, especially 0,5% to 1.5% Hafnium (HO, up to 5 wt% Iron (Fe), especially up to 3,0wt% Iron (Fe), max 5ppm Sulfur (S).
  2. 2. Nickel based superalloy according to claim 1, comprising no Tungsten (VV) and/or no Tantalum (Ta).
  3. 3. Nickel based superalloy according to claim 1 or 2, comprising either Niobium (Nb) or Hafnium (Hf).
  4. 4. Nickel based superalloy according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3, comprising 1,5% -2,5% Molybdenum (Mo), especially 2,0% Molybdenum (Mo).
  5. 5. Nickel based superalloy according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3, comprising 2,5% -3,5% Molybdenum (Mo), especially 3,0% Molybdenum (Mo).
  6. 6. Nickel based superalloy according to any of claims 1 2 3,4 or 5, comprising (in wt%) 4.5% -5.5% Cobalt (Co) 12% -13% Chromium (Cr) 1.6% -2% Molybdenum (Mo) 1.7% -2.5% Tungsten (1/1.0 4.6% -5.2% Aluminum (Al) 3.1% -3.7% Titanium (Ti) 1.1% -1.7% Niobium (Nb) 0.05% -0.13% Carbon (C) 0.01% -0.02% Boron (B) 0.008% -0.015% Zirconium (Zr) 0.007% -0.013% Silicon (Si) up to 0.6% Hafnium (Hf) Nickel (Ni).
  7. 7. Nickel based superalloy according to any of claims 1, 2, 3,4 or 5, comprising (in wt%) 4.5% -5.5% Cobalt (Co) 12% -13% Chromium (Cr) 1.6% -3.4% Molybdenum (Mo) 4.6% -5.4% Aluminum (Al) 3.1% -3.7% Titanium (Ti) 0.07% -0.15% Carbon (C) 0.01% -0.02% Boron (B) 0.008% -0.015% Zirconium (Zr) Nickel (Ni), optionally 1.7% -2.5% Tungsten (VV) 1.0% to 2.0% Hafnium (HO 1.1% -1.7% Niobium (Nb).
  8. 8. Nickel based superalloy according to any of claims 1, 2, 3,4, 5 or 7, comprising (in wt%) 5% Cobalt (Co) 12.5% Chromium (Cr) 2% Molybdenum (Mo) 2% Tungsten (VV) 5% Aluminum (Al) 3.5% Titanium (Ti) 1.5% Niobium (Nb) 0.12% Carbon (C) 0.015% Boron (B) 0.01% Zirconium (Zr) Nickel (Ni).
  9. 9. Nickel based superalloy according to any of claims 1, 2, 3,4, 5 or 7, comprising (in wt%) 5% Cobalt (Co) 12.5% Chromium (Cr) 2% Molybdenum (Mo) 2% Tungsten (VV) 5% Aluminum (Al) 3.5% Titanium (Ti) 1.5% Hafnium (HO 0.12% Carbon (C) 0.015% Boron (B) 0.01% Zirconium (Zr) Nickel (Ni).
  10. Nickel based superalloy according to any of claims 1, 2, 3,4, 5 or 7, comprising (in wt%) 5% Cobalt (Co) 12.5% Chromium (Cr) 3% Molybdenum (Mo) 5% Aluminum (Al) 3.5% Titanium (Ti) 1.5% Hafnium (HI) 0.12% Carbon (C) 0.015% Boron (B) 0.01% Zirconium (Zr) Nickel (Ni).
  11. 11. Nickel based superalloy according to any of claims 1, 2, 3,4, 5 or 6, comprising (in wt%) 5% Cobalt (Co) 12.5% Chromium (Cr) 1.8% Molybdenum (Mo) 2.2% Tungsten (VV) 5% Aluminum (Al) 3.3% Titanium (Ti) 1.4% Niobium (Nb) 0.1% Carbon (C) 0.015% Boron (B) 0.01% Zirconium (Zr) 0.01% Silicon (Si) 0.5% Hafnium (HO Nickel (Ni).
  12. 12 Nickel based superalloy according to any of claims 1, 2, 4, 5 or 6, comprising On wt%) 5% Cobalt (Co) 12.5% Chromium (Cr) 1.8% Molybdenum (Mo) 2.2% Tungsten OM 5% Aluminum (Al) 3.5% Titanium (Ti) 1.5% Niobium (Nb) 0.1% Carbon (C) 0.015% Boron (B) 0.01% Zirconium (Zr) 0.01% Silicon (Si) Nickel (Ni).
  13. 13. Raw material comprising a composition according to any of the claims 1 to 12.especially consisting of a composition according to any of the claims 1 to 12, wherein the raw material is a powder, especially a powder comprising binder or ceramic particles or wherein the raw material is in form of a bar, rod or a billet.
  14. 14. Component, having a composition according to any of the claims 1 to 12, which is especially a component of a turbine, very especially a blade or a vane.
  15. 15. Component according to claim 14, wherein the component is casted, especially in equiaxed microstructure.
  16. 16. Component according to claim 14, wherein the component is casted, especially in columnar or single-crystal microstructure.
  17. 17. Method to produce a component according to claim 14, 150 16, wherein in the alloy is melted, especially casted in equiaxed microstructure or directionally solidified structure.
GB2218300.8A 2022-12-06 2022-12-06 Nickel based superalloy, raw material, component and method Pending GB2625101A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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GB2218300.8A GB2625101A (en) 2022-12-06 2022-12-06 Nickel based superalloy, raw material, component and method
PCT/EP2023/081291 WO2024120733A1 (en) 2022-12-06 2023-11-09 Nickel based superalloy, raw material, component and method

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GB2218300.8A GB2625101A (en) 2022-12-06 2022-12-06 Nickel based superalloy, raw material, component and method

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GB2625101A true GB2625101A (en) 2024-06-12

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080240972A1 (en) * 2006-12-01 2008-10-02 Industria De Turbo Propulsores, S.A. Low-density directionally solidified single-crystal superalloys
CN112921206A (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-08 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 High gamma prime content nickel-base superalloy powder for additive manufacturing, method of use thereof, and nickel-base superalloy component

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1088350A (en) * 1976-03-24 1980-10-28 Leroy R. Curwick Nickel based alloy

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080240972A1 (en) * 2006-12-01 2008-10-02 Industria De Turbo Propulsores, S.A. Low-density directionally solidified single-crystal superalloys
CN112921206A (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-08 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 High gamma prime content nickel-base superalloy powder for additive manufacturing, method of use thereof, and nickel-base superalloy component

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GB202218300D0 (en) 2023-01-18

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