GB2623202A - A vegan cream-cheese-like spread and method for the manufacture thereof - Google Patents
A vegan cream-cheese-like spread and method for the manufacture thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2623202A GB2623202A GB2316384.3A GB202316384A GB2623202A GB 2623202 A GB2623202 A GB 2623202A GB 202316384 A GB202316384 A GB 202316384A GB 2623202 A GB2623202 A GB 2623202A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- spread
- cream
- cheese
- vegan
- fat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 64
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001218 confocal laser scanning microscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 77
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 46
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 40
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101100390985 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) fmc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004464 cereal grain Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021251 pulses Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021119 whey protein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003276 Apios tuberosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010744 Arachis villosulicarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209763 Avena sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000723382 Corylus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007466 Corylus avellana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- RZSYLLSAWYUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Fast green FCF Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C=1C=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C(=CC(O)=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 RZSYLLSAWYUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014647 Lens culinaris subsp culinaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000043158 Lens esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000002129 Malva sylvestris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006770 Malva sylvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014651 chocolate spreads Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020603 homogenised milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007431 microscopic evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020200 pasteurised milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950003937 tolonium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HNONEKILPDHFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tolonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=C(C)C(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 HNONEKILPDHFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C20/00—Cheese substitutes
- A23C20/02—Cheese substitutes containing neither milk components, nor caseinate, nor lactose, as sources of fats, proteins or carbohydrates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
Abstract
A vegan cream-cheese-like spread comprising a homogeneous distribution of plant proteins and fat. The vegan cream-cheese-like spread has a free-fat structure substantially devoid of agglomerated fat-protein clusters and has a bimodal distribution of fat droplet diameters comprising a first mode of 1 to 5µm and a second mode of 15 to 45µm, as determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Preferably, the spread comprises almond protein or both almond and oat proteins. Preferably, the spread comprises from 10 to 30 wt.% added fat, preferably coconut fat. Preferably, the spread further comprises one or more ingredient selected from gums, salt and flavourings. Preferably, the spread has a firmness that is at least 70g when measured 30 days after production, more preferably at least 80g. A method of manufacturing the spread is also disclosed. The method comprises fermenting and acidifying an aqueous composition and cold homogenising the treated composition and subjecting the homogenised composition to a cavitation treatment where the cavitation treatment is performed to achieve an exit temperature of at least 80℃.
Description
A vegan cream-cheese-like spread and method for the manufacture thereof This disclosure relates to the provision of a vegan cream-cheese-like spread and a method for its manufacture. In particular, the disclosure provides an almond-based cream-cheese-like spread with a novel microstructure which can be obtained without relying on a conventional hot homogenisation process.
Cream cheese is a soft, usually mild-tasting fresh cheese made from milk and cream. In order to make cream cheese, conventionally lactic acid bacteria are added to pasteurized and homogenized milk/cream. During fermentation the pH of the milk decreases (it becomes more acidic) which causes milk proteins to become neutrally charged. This stops the proteins from stabilising fat droplets and causes the liquid to coagulate. This gives the increased texture associated with cream cheese.
There is a desire to provide an alternative to cream cheese which does not require the use of dairy ingredients. Such a vegan product would need to avoid both the use of the dairy starting ingredient and the use of fermentation cultures having an animal origin. In practice, avoiding the use of dairy means that an alternative source of protein and an alternative source of fat needs to be provided.
It is known that a vegan cream-cheese-like spread can be produced using ground nut and seed products, especially ground almonds. These ingredients require some treatment in order to develop the intended texture required for the final product. This treatment needs to fully homogenise the protein and fat present in the composition, in order to form a stable distribution of these components throughout the product.
EP3352580 discloses a vegan cream-cheese-like product obtained by homogenising a pasty mass of comminuted nuts and/or seeds. The method involves a hot homogenisation process which is immediately preceded by a heat-holding step between 75°C and 95°C to agglomerate the proteins. The process is preferably carried out on an almond butter, i.e. finely ground full-fat almonds. In this process the fermentation is performed after the homogenisation step.
EP3620059 is a very similar process, although it is less focused on the provision of a cream-cheese-like product. This uses exactly the same process steps as EP3352580, but uses a de-oiled almond flour as the starting component. As would be expected, this has no material effect on the processing, but does permit greater flexibility in providing low fat food products.
Similarly, EP3745883 discloses a vegan cream-cheese-like product. This is formed using a partially de-oiled flour made from nuts and/or seeds, and then supplemented with fat, such as oil, to overcome pumpability issues.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide an alternative vegan cream-cheese-like spread, especially one which can be produced with a lower energy cost and/or to tackle at least some of the problems associated with the prior art or, at least, to provide a commercially viable alternative thereto.
In a first aspect there is provided a method for the manufacture of a vegan cream-cheeselike spread, the method comprising: providing an aqueous precursor composition comprising plant protein; treating the aqueous precursor composition to form a treated composition, the treatment comprising: (i) fermentation with vegan cultures; and/or (ii) direct acidification with an added acidic ingredient; subjecting the treated composition to a cold homogenisation step to form a homogenised composition; subjecting the homogenised composition to a cavitation treatment to form a vegan cream-cheese-like spread.
The present invention will now be further described. In the following passages different aspects of the invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
There is provided a method for the manufacture of a cream-cheese-like spread. A vegan cream-cheese-like spread is a product meeting the requirements to be vegan compliant (i.e. no animal-sourced ingredients) which is cream-cheese-like. That is, it must be a soft spreadable composition resembling cream cheese, which desirably has at least some of the same acidic flavour notes. It should be noted that the term would encompass similar spreads, as well as cream cheese-like products having additional food additives (such as herb and seasoning additives, or flavourings such as chocolate spread).
The inventors set out to make such a vegan (i.e. plant-based) cream-cheese-like spread with limited number of ingredients that has a similar creamy mouthfeel as standard full-fat cream cheese with a neutral and fresh taste. The inventors first investigated known dairy processing techniques. It is known that when using milk derived ingredients and the state of the art hot high pressure homogenizer, a stable emulsion of casein and fat is created that has great mouthfeel and good melt characteristics.
Therefore, the inventors first looked to employ conventional dairy processing to a non-dairy protein source. EP3620059 employs such conventional dairy processes to a de-oiled almond powder starting ingredient. Therefore the inventors set out to provide an alternative creamcheese-like spread to that which could be achieved using, in part, the process described in EP3620059.
The inventors first investigated whether a cold homogenisation step would be sufficient to make a product, but the viscosity and mouthfeel were not sufficient.
The inventors were aware of cavitation processing as an alternative to high pressure homogenisation, since it is used in dairy cream cheese production to disrupt whey protein aggregates. However, they found that when they tried to use cavitation the viscosity of the product was unacceptable low, resulting in an overly sloppy product. This did not resemble the desired cream cheese product and gave rise to splashing during filling operations.
The inventors surprisingly found that if they performed an initial cold homogenisation, followed by the cavitation, they could produce a vegan cream-cheese-like spread product having a suitable product viscosity (i.e. when cooled and in the packaging). Without wishing to be bound by theory, it was considered that in the cavitation alone the protein was involved in competing emulsification and de-emulsification processes, whereas the initial cold homogenisation processing partially denatured the proteins before cavitation, changing their performance and improving the final product.
Furthermore, it was found that the hot viscosity of the composition up to the filler was lower than that obtained following hot homogenisation. This means that there can be energy savings in the pumping of the composition. This coupled with the reduced heating requirements and the lower typical energy consumption of a hydrodynamic cavitator compared to a high pressure homogenizer, lead to reduced operational costs.
Surprisingly the inventors found that there were no discernible sensory differences between the product obtained by hot homogenisation, compared to the method of the invention. This was despite there being apparent differences in the microstructure of the product discernible in microscopic analysis. These differences are discussed further below, in relation to the enclosed figures.
The method comprises providing an aqueous precursor composition comprising plant protein. It is generally preferred that the protein is provided as a part of a whole or defatted ingredient. For example, when the plant protein is almond protein, this may be provided as almond powder and hence the composition further comprises naturally occurring almond fat and carbohydrates.
Preferred plant proteins include those from nuts and/or seeds, as well as those from cereal grains and pulses. Examples of nuts include almonds and hazelnuts. Examples of cereal grains include oat, wheat, rice, rye and barley. Examples of pulses include beans, peas and lentils. A combination of almond and oat is most preferred. The nuts and/or seeds may be provided as ground whole ingredients, or in a partially de-oiled form.
The aqueous precursor composition is a suspension comprising at least the plant protein in water. Preferably the aqueous precursor comprises at least 50wt% water, preferably from 70 to 90wr/o water. These high levels of water allow the mixture to be pumpable, while also providing a desirable environment for the fermentation step.
Preferably the aqueous precursor composition comprises the plant protein source (such as ground almonds) in an amount of at least 5wV/0, preferably at least lOwt%, by weight of the aqueous precursor composition. Suitable amounts may be from 5 to 20wr/o, preferably 10 to 15wt%, by weight of the aqueous precursor composition. Preferably the almond protein is provided by the addition of defatted almond powder.
The aqueous precursor composition may further comprise one or more ingredients selected from gums, salt and flavourings. Preferably the aqueous precursor composition is substantially free from further emulsifiers and stabilisers, since this helps to achieve the desired object of having a clean label.
Gums, such as locust bean gum, are especially preferred as it has been found that they stabilise the precursor during the treatment step (especially fermentation). Otherwise it has been found that the precursor composition can undergo a phase separation.
The aqueous precursor can comprise a fat component in addition to any fat provided as part of the source of plant protein. However, as discussed below, this is preferably only added after fermentation.
The method comprises treating the aqueous precursor composition to form a treated composition. The treatment comprises either, or both, of fermentation with vegan cultures and direct acidification with the addition of an acid ingredient, such as lactic or citric acid, or lemon juice. Vegan cultures suitable for the production of dairy-based cream cheeses can also be used here, i.e. lactic acid producing cultures, and these are well known in the art.
The extent of fermentation is determined by the desired final pH and flavour notes.
Preferably the method further comprises a step of pasteurising the aqueous precursor composition before the step of fermentation. This ensures that the fermentation step favours the correct products being formed from the intended cultures.
Fermentation is preferred since this has been found to provide a consistent flavour and texture. According to a less preferred embodiment, the flavour and texture can be achieved with a direct acidification step, such as with lactic acid or citric acid However, the flavour in this embodiment may be discernibly different and the texture may be softer. The amount of added lactic acid and/or citric acid is determined by the desired final pH and flavour notes.
After the treatment step the treated composition may desirably be subjected to cold storage, preferably at temperatures below 10°C. This serves to prevent fermentation and to allow batchwise homogenisation/cavitation processing.
The method comprises subjecting the treated composition to a cold homogenisation step to form a homogenised composition. Homogenisation processes are well known in the art, especially for dairy processing, and are also discussed at length in EP3620059, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference.
By a cold homogenisation step it is meant that the step is performed at a temperature of up to 60°C, preferably from 24 to 60°C and most preferably about 38°C. As is conventional, these temperatures are the inlet temperatures, since it should be appreciated that homogenisation can cause an increase in temperature between the inlet and outlet of the homogeniser.
Since a homogenisation process involves pumping the composition, it will be performed under pressure. Preferably the pressure during the cold homogenisation will be in the range of 20 to 600 Bar. Preferably the cold homogenisation step is performed at a pressure of at least 200 Bar, such as 250 to 500 Bar. Preferably the cold homogenisation step is a two-stage homogenisation process, as is known in the art.
It is desirable that before the cold homogenisation step the treated composition comprises at least 10wt% fat. This may be provided entirely with fat present in the aqueous precursor composition. However, preferably the method further comprises a step of adding a liquid fat to the treated composition before the step of cold homogenisation, preferably in an amount of from 10 to 30wt%, by weight of the treated composition. A preferred fat is coconut fat. The addition of the fat helps to provide the desired texture. While the fat can be included in the aqueous precursor composition, it is desirable to minimise the volume which needs to be subjected to fermentation. Preferably the final product contains fat in an amount of 10 to 30wt%, preferably 15-25wt%.
Furthermore, the inventors surprisingly discovered that it was undesirable to have added the fat before homogenisation since the fermented composition would be unstable against fat crystallisation. That is, added fat would be heated during fermentation, but lead to crystallisation when cooled, especially a cold-storage step (i.e. below 10°C) which would be desired to stop the fermentation and permit use of a batch on a following day. The melting point of coconut oil is 24°C. Thus, the emulsion would be destabilized when the product was cooled down to below 10°C, giving a large variability in finished product texture.
The method then comprises subjecting the homogenised composition to a cavitation treatment to form a vegan cream-cheese-like spread. Cavitators are well known in the art and, as noted above, are used in the disaggregation of whey proteins. Cavitation is a phenomenon in which the static pressure of a liquid reduces to below the liquid's vapour pressure, leading to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in the liquid. When subjected to higher pressure, these cavities, called "bubbles" or "voids", collapse and can generate shock waves that, in this context, can disrupt proteins and cause strong mixing effects. Cavitators often work on a rotor stator principle, whereby typically a plurality of rotating crosses sharing a common axis pass between a plurality of static crosses sharing the same axis. When the crosses first move out of alignment there is significant shear applied.
The shear rate applied by a cavitator can be determined as a s-1 value with desirable shear being in the region in excess of 10x103 sl. This is already in excess of the shear observed in a hot homogenisation step as described in EP3620059. Furthermore, the shear can be described with reference to the residency time that the composition spends within the cavitator. Low residency times are desirable for efficient processing, particularly in a continuous process.
Preferably the cavitation treatment is performed with a shear of at least 10,000E1, preferably from 15,000s-' to 50,000s-1, preferably from 15,000w1 to 25,000E' and/or with a residency time of less than 10 seconds, preferably less than 3 seconds (preferably at least 1 second).
As an alternative, the extent of cavitation treatment can also be described by looking at the difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures. This acts as a proxy for the shear and residency times, since the temperature increase reflects the amount of energy put into the homogenised composition. Preferably the cavitation treatment is performed to achieve a temperature increase from the inlet of the cavitator to the outlet of the cavitator of at least 309C, preferably 30 to 60°C, more preferably 40 to 50°C.
These levels of cavitation treatment have been found to provide a desirable end texture for the cream-cheese-like spread product. At the same time, it has been found that the energy cost of this treatment and the cold homogenisation step may not exceed that of an alternative hot high pressure homogenisation process. This may also be because the hot composition is less viscous when produced, so there is a lower energy cost in pumping and filing. This is reflected in the "hot" yield stress values, measured at the prevailing process temperature before filling, in the examples.
Preferably the cavitation treatment is performed to achieve an exit temperature of at least 809C, preferably between 809C and 95°C, more preferably 85 to 90°C. The inlet temperature is preferably the temperature achieved in the cold homogenisation step and desirably will not exceed 50°C.
After the cavitation treatment the cavitated composition is still hot and can be hot filled into the final packaging. This is desirable since the composition is still flowable and the final firm texture can develop in pack after cooling. Preferably the vegan cream-cheese-like spread is hot-filled into packaging containers at a temperature of at least 602C, such as 62 to 702C.
The firmness of the final product can be assessed using the cold firmness measurement as discussed in the examples. The firmness is desirably at least 70g when measured 30 days after production, more preferably at least 80g, more preferably 80 to 105g, since this is comparable with true dairy-based cream cheese products. If it is less than 70g then the product is too soft to be desirable.
As will be appreciated, the method comprises a plurality of different steps. These may be conducted sequentially or with the steps overlapping, where appropriate. The method as a whole may be conducted on a batchwise or continuous basis. It is preferred that the cavitation step immediately follows the cold homogenisation step.
According to a further aspect there is provided a vegan cream-cheese-like spread comprising a homogeneous distribution of plant proteins and fat, wherein: the vegan cream-cheese-like spread having a free-fat structure which is substantially devoid of agglomerated fat-protein clusters, and having a bimodal distribution of fat droplet diameters comprising a first mode of 1 to 5pm and a second mode of 15 to 45pm, as determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The distribution can be readily observed and assessed from the images and it is apparent that there are few free fat droplets in between these modes. It is further noted that the fat droplets are preferably free from crystallisation.
Preferably the vegan cream-cheese-like spread comprises almond protein. Preferably the vegan cream-cheese-like spread comprises almond protein and oat protein, since this has been found to give an optimum flavour profile. Preferably the vegan cream-cheese-like spread comprises almond protein. Preferably the vegan cream-cheese-like spread comprises from 10 to 30wt% added fat.
According to a further aspect there is provided a vegan cream-cheese-like spread obtainable by the methods described herein. As demonstrated in the Examples below, the process of the present invention gives rise to a product having a unique and discernibly different microstructure.
The invention will now be described in relation to the following non-limiting figures, in which: Figures 1A and 1B show microstructure of a comparative cavitated product.
Figures 2A and 23 show microstructure of a product made in accordance with the method.
Figures 3A and 33 show microstructure of a product made in accordance with the method.
Figures 4A and 43 show microstructure of a hot high pressure homogenised product.
Figure 5 shows a flow-chart of the method steps.
The invention will now be described in relation to the following non-limiting Examples.
In these examples the firmness of the final product is measured with a "firmness at 109C" value. This measurement is an industry standard and is measured as follows. A penetrometer (Taxt2 Texture Analyzer -Stable Micro systems) equipped with a 45° cone, penetrates the cheese (which was equilibrated at a temperature of 10°C) at a speed of 2mm/s to a distance of lOmm. The force resisting the probe is displayed and the maximum load obtained at the end of the experiment is recorded. "Firmness" is the maximum load obtained during the measurement. The firmness value is recorded in [g].
For some of the examples the hot yield stress was measured. This is after cooling just before filling (yield stress at about 60°C = min. stress/force necessary for the product to start flowing) is higher when using hot high pressure homogenizer (> 40 Pa): the new product is more viscous at the filling step and easier to fill (no dripping).
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy was performed with portions of vegan spread cheese taken from each sample (from below the surface) and stained using 5 pL of fluorescent dyes BODIPY and fast green. The optical setup was as follows: -BODIPY -488 nm laser, BP 490 -555 (PM2). Fat has been coloured green.
-Fast Green -639 nm laser, LP640 (PM2). Protein has been coloured red.
Light Microscopy: An aliquot was thinly spread onto a slide and stained using either iodine or toluidine blue. A Zeiss Z2M light microscope was used to take images using transmitted light.
Laser diffraction: Based on the methodology of EP 3 352 580 B1, 10 g of sample was dispersed in 90 g water and stirred using a magnetic stirrer until visually dispersed, this was then added to the Mastersizer 3000 dispersion unit (Hydro MV) and stirred with repeated measurements until completely dispersed (plateau reached in PSD and obscuration values).
The instrument parameters used were: Fraunhofer, 30s measurement time, 8-12% obscuration, 3000rpm stir speed, dispersant water or SDS/EDTA solution (Rh.33).
Example 1
A vegan cream-cheese-like spread was made with the following composition: 5-10% of defatted almond powder 5-15% Oat preparation (of which 2-5wt% oat protein) 15-20% coconut oil vegan thermophilic cultures 1-2% salt and stabiliser the balance water The process was the following: A premix was created by warming up water and oat preparation in a blender/High shear mixer to 60°C. Once the water was reaching 60°C, a pre-blend of LBG, salt and almond defatted powder was added to the water at 60°C. This mix was kept at 60°C under agitation and recirculation after powder addition for 10 minutes to ensure powder dissolution. The powder addition and dissolution into water could be facilitated with a high shear dispenser.
This mix was then heated to 75°C via a surface scraped heat exchanger in order to pasteurize the mix before the fermentation.
This mix is then cooled down via surface scrape heat exchangers to a temperature of 40°C +/-2%. Vegan cultures are then added to the mix until pH =4,6 +/-0,1 is reached. This fermented mix is then cooled down to T°C below 10°C and can be used within 48h.
The fermented mix is warm-up to 60°C in blender and fully melted coconut oil is slowly added to the fermented mix under high shear to obtain a pre-emulsion.
This emulsion is cooled down to 35°C and send to a high pressure homogenizer at 350bar/70 bar (Flow rate 200Uh). The exit temperature after the high pressure homogenizer is 48°C. Then it is sent to the cavitator, where the product exits at a temperature of about 90°C. The mix is cooled down to 70°C and then transferred to a buffer tank (1°C about 70- 75°C) and filled into tub at T°C > 63°C.
The product was found to have a desirable texture and flavour.
Comparative Examples 1 and 2 -Cavitator only This used the same recipe.
A premix was created by warming up water and oat preparation in a blender/High shear mixer to 60°C. Once the water was reaching 60°C, a pre-blend of LBG, salt and almond defatted powder was added to the water at 60°C. This mix was kept at 60°C under agitation and recirculation after powder addition for 10 minutes to ensure powder dissolution. The powder addition and dissolution into water could be facilitated with a high shear dispenser.
This mix was then heated to 75°C via a surface scraped heat exchanger in order to pasteurize the mix before the fermentation.
This mix is then cooled down via surface scrape heat exchangers to a temperature of 40°C +/-2°k. Vegan cultures are then added to the mix until pH =4,6 +/-0,1 is reached. This fermented mix is then cooled down to T°C below 10°C and can be used within 48h.
The fermented mix is warm-up to 60°C in blender and fully melted coconut oil is slowly added to the fermented mix under high shear to obtain a pre-emulsion.
This emulsion is either used at 60°C (Example 1) or cooled down to 30°C (example 2) and sent to the cavitator, where the product exits at a temperature of about 90°C. The mix is cooled down to 70°C and then transferred to a buffer tank (T°C about 70-75°C) and filled into tub at T°C > 63°C.
The product was found in both instances to have an overly sloppy texture.
Further Examples
Further experiments were conducted as summarised in the following table, using the recipe of Example 1: Sample code TRIAL Sample description hHaa after cavi/cooler (yield stress Pa) Firmness D+14 (g) Firmness D+30 (g) Cavi only Cavi only 1 Inlet 60°C -cavi power 95% -flow rate 200L/h -exit T° 97°C 26.34 41.2 50.0 process Cavi only 2 Inlet 60°C -cavi power 95% -flow rate 250L/h -exit T° 94°C 28.53 48.2 57.4 Cavi only 3 Inlet 60°C -cavi power 100% -flow rate 250L/h -exit T° 96°C 26.34 45.2 65.7 Cavi only 5 Inlet 30°C -cavi power 100% -flow rate 100L/h -exit T° 98°C 6.585 26.4 36.0 Cold Homo+Cavi Homo 45°C 350bar/70bar-cavi power 90% -flow rate 250L/h -exit T° 95°C 15.36 54.2 74.4 Homo-hcavi 6 process Homo+Cavi Homo 45°C 350bar/70bar-cavi power 85% -flow rate 250L/h -exit T° 93°C 19.75 68.9 85.2 Homo+Cavi Homo 45°C 350bar/70bar-cavi power 90% -flow rate 300L/h -exit T° 94°C 24.14 92.0 103.8 Homo+Cavi Homo 45°C 350bar/70bar -cavi power 95% -flow rate 300L/h -exit T° 90°C 26.34 71.0 82.1 Hot high STD new3 (hot high pressure homo process) STD -premix almix -homo 350bar/70bar -exit T°C 85°C 58.2 60.8 72.8 pressure homo The samples Homo+Cavi 6-9 are in accordance with the invention. As can be seen, these examples all have a lower yield stress after cavitator compared to hot high pressure homogenisation (after the homogeniser) which means that the composition is more readily pumpable for filing, incurring a lower energy cost of processing. In addition, the samples have a similar (or better), cold firmness to that achievable by hot high pressure homogenisation, whereas cavitation only does not achieve a suitable firmness.
It is desired that the cream-cheese-like spread product has a firmness of at least 70g after days, preferably at least 80g, since this is the point at which it will have reached the supermarket shelves.
A further advantage was observed with the disclosed method compared to the STD (hot high pressure homogenised) and the cavitation-only. The filled product did not have free water on top when opened after filing (i.e. like a consumer after 30 days). On the other hand, both the STD and the cavitation-only products did. It is believed that this is as a result of the unique microstructure which retains the water.
Figures 1A and 1B shows the microstructure under different magnifications achieved with cavitation only and is taken from "Cavi only 3". As can be seen, the structure has a plurality of free-fat droplets all of substantially similar sizes (1-10pm). There are some rough protein agglomerates present.
Figures 2A and 2B shows the microstructure under different magnifications achieved with homogenisation and cavitation and is taken from "Homo+Cavi 6". As can be seen, the structure has a plurality of free-fat droplets in an apparent biomodal distribution. Some of the fat droplets are in the range of 1-5pm, whereas there are also some in the region of 15- 45pm. It is apparent that there are very few fat droplets sized between these two modes.
Figures 3A and 3B shows the microstructure under different magnifications achieved with homogenisation and cavitation and is taken from "Homo+Cavi 8". As can be seen, the structure has a plurality of free-fat droplets in an apparent biomodal distribution. Some of the fat droplets are in the range of 1-5pm, whereas there are also some in the region of 15- 45pm, especially 15-30pm. It is apparent that there are very few fat droplets sized between these two modes.
Figures 4A and 4B shows the microstructure under different magnifications achieved with hot high pressure homogenisation and is taken from "STD new3''. Rather than having a broadly free-fat structure, the structure is formed of agglomerated fat-protein clusters across a range of sizes 5-70pm. Free fat that is present in the structure is very fine, generally having a size of less than 2pm.
Although it does not show clearly in the figures enclosed (further studies looked at the separate protein-only and fat-only images), it appears to the case that rather than having continuous protein aggregates with fat embedded therein (c.f. hot high pressure homogenisation), the larger fat droplets appear to have a fine coating of protein around them.
Comparative studies Comparative studies were undertaken to investigate whether the observed microstructure was unique compared to other products on the market. Surprisingly, this was found to be the case: Vegan spread Comments on structure Commercial coconut-based vegan creamcheese-like spread elongated/conjoined crystalline fat droplets, negligible protein.
Commercial soya-based vegan cream-cheese-like spread partially crystalline rounded fat droplets with a continuous protein matrix. Very little unstained region visible.
Commercial LP I-based vegan cream-cheese-like spread partially crystalline rounded fat droplets, discrete protein particles Commercial almond-based vegan cream-cheese-like spread partially crystalline round fat droplets, protein localised at the fat droplet surface, some large protein aggregates observed with small fat droplets embedded.
Commercial almond-based vegan cream-cheese-like spread most similar microstructure to typical cream cheese -liquid fat droplets contained in fat-protein agglomerates, with some free fat droplets also present Commercial coconut-based vegan cream-cheese-like spread partially crystalline round fat droplets. Small protein particles present at the surface of the fat droplets The free-fat structure of the present method is substantially free from this commonly observed angular or crystalline structure.
Unless otherwise stated, all percentages herein are by weight and all pressures are absolute, rather than gauge.
Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention or of the appended claims.
The invention will now be described further with reference to the following numbered clauses: 1. A method for the manufacture of a vegan cream-cheese-like spread, the method 5 comprising: providing an aqueous precursor composition comprising plant protein; treating the aqueous precursor composition to form a treated composition, the treatment comprising: (i) fermentation with vegan cultures; and/or (ii) direct acidification with an added acidic ingredient; subjecting the treated composition to a cold homogenisation step to form a homogenised composition; subjecting the homogenised composition to a cavitation treatment to form a vegan cream-cheese-like spread.
2. The method according to clause 1, wherein the aqueous precursor comprises at least 50wV)/0 water, preferably from 70 to 90wt% water.
3. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the aqueous precursor composition comprises a source of plant protein in an amount of at least 5wt%, preferably at least lOwt%, by weight of the aqueous precursor composition.
4. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the source of plant protein comprises one or more of almond protein and oat protein.
5. The method according to clause 4, wherein the almond protein is provided as defatted almond powder.
6. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the aqueous precursor composition further comprises one or more ingredient selected from gums, salt and flavourings.
7. The method according to clause 6, wherein the aqueous precursor composition is substantially free from further emulsifiers and stabilisers.
8. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the method further comprises a step of pasteurising the aqueous precursor composition before the step of fermentation.
9. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the method further comprises a step of adding a liquid fat to the treated composition before the step of cold homogenisation, preferably in an amount of from 10 to 30wrk, by weight of the treated composition.
10. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the cold homogenisation step is performed at a temperature of up to 602C, preferably from 24 to 602C and most preferably about 382C.
11. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the cold homogenisation step is performed at a pressure of at least 200 Bar.
12. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the cold homogenisation step is a two-stage homogenisation process.
13. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the cavitation treatment is performed with a shear of at least 10,000s, preferably from 15,000s-1 to 25,000s, and/or with a residency time of less than 10 seconds, preferably less than 3 seconds.
14. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the cavitation treatment is performed to achieve an exit temperature of at least 802C and/or a temperature increase from the inlet to the outlet of at least 302C.
15. The method according to any preceding clause, wherein the vegan cream-cheeselike spread is hot-filled into packaging containers at a temperature of at least 602C.
16. A vegan cream-cheese-like spread obtainable by the method of any preceding clause.
17. A vegan cream-cheese-like spread comprising a homogeneous distribution of plant proteins and fat, wherein: the vegan cream-cheese-like spread having a free-fat structure which is substantially devoid of agglomerated fat-protein clusters, and having a bimodal distribution of fat droplet diameters comprising a first mode of 1 to 5pm and a second mode of 15 to 45pm, as determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Claims (7)
- Claims 1. A vegan cream-cheese-like spread comprising a homogeneous distribution of plant proteins and fat, wherein: the vegan cream-cheese-like spread having a free-fat structure which is substantially devoid of agglomerated fat-protein clusters, and having a bimodal distribution of fat droplet diameters comprising a first mode of 1 to 5pm and a second mode of 15 to 45pm, as determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
- 2. A vegan cream-cheese-like spread according to claim 1, wherein the vegan cream-cheese-like spread comprises almond protein.
- 3. A vegan cream-cheese-like spread according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the vegan cream-cheese-like spread comprises almond protein and oat protein.
- 4. A vegan cream-cheese-like spread according to any preceding claim, wherein the vegan cream-cheese-like spread comprises from 10 to 30wtcY0 added fat.
- 5. A vegan cream-cheese-like spread according to claim 4, wherein the added fat is coconut fat.
- 6. A vegan cream-cheese-like spread according to any preceding claim, wherein the vegan cream-cheese-like spread further comprises one or more ingredient selected from gums, salt and flavourings.
- 7. A vegan cream-cheese-like spread according to any preceding claim, wherein the vegan cream-cheese-like spread has a firmness is desirably at least 70g when measured 30 days after production, more preferably at least 80g
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2316384.3A GB2623202A (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | A vegan cream-cheese-like spread and method for the manufacture thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2316384.3A GB2623202A (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | A vegan cream-cheese-like spread and method for the manufacture thereof |
GB2111014.3A GB2612011B (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | A vegan cream-cheese-like spread and method for the manufacture thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB202316384D0 GB202316384D0 (en) | 2023-12-13 |
GB2623202A true GB2623202A (en) | 2024-04-10 |
Family
ID=90273888
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB2316384.3A Pending GB2623202A (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | A vegan cream-cheese-like spread and method for the manufacture thereof |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2623202A (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202011002097U1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2011-03-24 | Tofutown.Com Gmbh | fresh vegetable cream |
EP3944772A2 (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-02 | Savencia Sa | Cream |
WO2022129521A1 (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-23 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Composition comprising rapeseed protein |
-
2021
- 2021-07-30 GB GB2316384.3A patent/GB2623202A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202011002097U1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2011-03-24 | Tofutown.Com Gmbh | fresh vegetable cream |
EP3944772A2 (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-02 | Savencia Sa | Cream |
WO2022129521A1 (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-23 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Composition comprising rapeseed protein |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Mintel GNPD (mintel.com), Record ID 8188211, "Original Dairy-Free Creamy Cheese ", Bute Island Foods, Oct 2020 * |
Mintel GNPD (mintel.com), Record ID 8758999, "Original Just Like Cream Cheese", Violife, Jun 2021 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB202316384D0 (en) | 2023-12-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2588473C (en) | Cream cheese product and its method of preparation | |
RU2736154C1 (en) | Method of producing dispersed food product, preferably vegan, dispersed food product, preferably vegan, as well as ready food product, preferably vegan | |
US20050214432A1 (en) | Process for the preparation of an emulsion | |
CA2629023A1 (en) | Fine textured dairy product and process for its preparation | |
JP2007259784A (en) | Frozen dessert containing bean curd puree | |
EP3890500A1 (en) | Multiple emulsions, method of making them and applications in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals | |
CN101301010A (en) | Modified whey protein for low casein processed cheese | |
WO2019122135A1 (en) | Whipped cream and manufacturing method | |
GB2623202A (en) | A vegan cream-cheese-like spread and method for the manufacture thereof | |
GB2612011A (en) | A vegan cream-cheese-like spread and method for the manufacture thereof | |
CS225891A3 (en) | Edible fat article, process of its preparation and apparatus for makingthe process | |
US11844359B2 (en) | Squeezable spread containing butter and methods of making the same | |
Wang et al. | Synergistic effects of microcrystalline cellulose and xanthan gum on the stability of milk fat-based UHT whipping cream | |
JPH01148149A (en) | Method for manufacturing edible dispersing product and said product obtained by its method | |
Bot et al. | Emulsion Gels in Food | |
BE1026755B1 (en) | An improved dairy product and a method of manufacturing the improved dairy product | |
AU2003212362B2 (en) | Spoonable water-continuous acidified food product | |
US20040197450A1 (en) | High pressure homogenizing method | |
JP3509467B2 (en) | Oil-in-water emulsion containing milk protein and method for producing the same | |
JPH0383539A (en) | Production of whipped cream | |
JP2016119884A (en) | Method for producing cream-like product | |
JPH05236874A (en) | Coffee cream and its production | |
CN105166312A (en) | Liquid-state ice cream and preparation technology therefor | |
JPS6125456A (en) | Oil-in-water emulsion with high stable fat content and production thereof | |
US20050042351A1 (en) | Low-calorie low-fat butter-flavored topping compositions and methods of preparation |