GB2623052A - Carbon removal system - Google Patents
Carbon removal system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2623052A GB2623052A GB2213562.8A GB202213562A GB2623052A GB 2623052 A GB2623052 A GB 2623052A GB 202213562 A GB202213562 A GB 202213562A GB 2623052 A GB2623052 A GB 2623052A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- removal apparatus
- gas
- heat exchanger
- carbon removal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012536 storage buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/116—Molecular sieves other than zeolites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
Abstract
A system 100 for removing carbon from a gas comprises a heat exchanger 102 for cooling a gas, a drying apparatus 104 downstream of the heat exchanger, for drying the gas from the heat exchanger and a carbon removal apparatus 106 downstream of the drying apparatus, for removing carbon from the gas. The system provides for an efficient system for carbon capture / sequestration, for capturing carbon and/or carbon dioxide from an exhaust gas such as from an internal combustion engine (ICE) 118.
Description
Carbon removal system
Field
The present disclosure relates to a system for removing carbon from gas.
S
Background
Various governments have made ambitious commitments to reduce carbon emissions. For example, the UK government has made a commitment to reduce carbon emissions to "net zero" by 2050. Whilst renewable energy will play a large role in achieving that aim, so will improving the efficiency of combustion-based power generation systems. Carbon sequestration or carbon capture is one way that carbon emissions can be reduced.
Summary
According to a first aspect there is disclosed a system for removing carbon from a gas, the system comprising: a heat exchanger for cooling a gas; a drying apparatus downstream of the heat exchanger, for drying the gas from the heat exchanger; and a carbon removal apparatus downstream of the drying apparatus, for removing carbon from the gas.
According to some examples, the carbon removal apparatus comprises a carbon dioxide adsorption block.
According to some examples, the carbon removal apparatus comprises a plurality of tubes arranged for the gas to pass therethrough.
According to some examples, the carbon removal apparatus comprises zeolite.
According to some examples, the system comprises a NOx removal apparatus 5 upstream of the heat exchanger.
According to some examples, the NOx removal apparatus comprises an oxidiser.
According to some examples, the system comprises a cooling circuit between the 10 heat exchanger and the drying apparatus.
According to some examples, the cooling circuit comprises a cold-water cooling circuit.
According to some examples, heat from the heat exchanger is used for heating the carbon removal apparatus.
According to some examples, the drying apparatus comprises a desiccant drier.
According to some examples, the system comprises a carbon dioxide storage unit for storing carbon dioxide removed by the carbon removal apparatus According to some examples, the system comprises a compressor for compressing carbon dioxide removed by the carbon removal apparatus.
According to some examples, the system comprises a storage unit for storing compressed carbon dioxide.
According to some examples, the carbon removal apparatus is one of a plurality of 5 carbon removal apparatus in the system.
According to some examples, the plurality of carbon removal apparatus are arranged in parallel.
According to some examples, the gas comprises flue gas from an internal combustion engine.
Brief description of drawings
Figure 1 schematically shows a system according to an example.
Detailed description
Figure 1 schematically shows a system 100 for removing carbon from a gas. For example, the system 100 may remove carbon and/or carbon dioxide from an exhaust gas. In one example, the gas comprises an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine (ICE) 118. In one example, the ICE 118 comprises a gas turbine engine. For example, the ICE 118 may be located at a power production plant. For example, the ICE 118 may be constructed and arranged to generate electrical energy for powering one or more connected systems and/or for feeding electricity into an electrical grid, such as the national grid.
In the example of Figure 1, exhaust gas from the ICE 118 is fed to a heat exchanger 102. In some examples, prior to entering the heat exchanger 102, the exhaust gas is fed through a NOx removal apparatus 108. In an example, the exhaust gas enters the NOx removal apparatus 108 at about 350°C to 500°C. In an example, the NOx removal apparatus 108 is in the form of an oxidiser. In an example the oxidiser comprises a thermal oxidiser. In another example the oxidiser comprises a regenerative oxidiser. In an example, the exhaust gas enters the heat exchanger at about 350°C to 450°C and exits the heat exchanger at about 180°C to 200°C.
From the heat exchanger 102, the gas enters a drying apparatus 104, for drying the gas from the heat exchanger 102 by removing moisture therefrom. In an example, the drying apparatus 104 comprises a desiccant drier. By way of non-limiting example, the desiccant may comprise any one or more of: a silica gel; activated alumina; a molecular sieve.
In an example, a cooling circuit 110 is located between the heat exchanger 102 and the drying apparatus 104. In an example, the cooling circuit 110 comprises a cold-water circuit. In one example, the gas enters the cooling circuit 110 at about 120°C to 150°C, and leaves the cooling circuit 110 at about 40°C. Therefore, in an example, the gas enters the drying apparatus 104 at about 40°C. In an example, a fan 120 is located between the heat exchanger 110 and the drying apparatus 104. The fan 120 is arranged to draw the gas towards the drying apparatus 104. In some examples, the fan 120 is referred to as a balancing fan as it acts to maintain the flow of gas towards the drying apparatus 104 and helps to prevent gas blockages.
In the example of Figure 1, a carbon removal apparatus 106 is located downstream of the drying apparatus 104. The carbon removal apparatus 106 is arranged to remove carbon and/or carbon dioxide from the gas. In one example, the carbon removal apparatus 106 comprises a plurality of tubes arranged for the gas to pass therethrough. According to one example, the carbon removal apparatus 106 comprises zeolite. In another example, the carbon removal apparatus 106 may take an alternative form, such as liquid amine. The carbon removal apparatus 106 may also be referred to as a carbon removal block.
According to an example, the carbon removal apparatus 106 is arranged to be 5 heated by a heater schematically shown at 122. Heating the carbon removal apparatus 106 increases the effectiveness of carbon removal by the carbon removal apparatus 106. In one example the heater 122 is an electric heater. In another example the heater 122 is arranged to heat water. In another example the heater 122 is arranged to generate steam. In one example the carbon removal apparatus to 106 is arranged to be heated by heat from heat exchanger 102. Therefore, it may be considered that in some examples the carbon removal apparatus 106 is part of a heat exchange circuit. Using heat from heat exchanger 102 to heat carbon removal apparatus 106 increases the efficiency of the carbon removal process.
According to some examples, a fan 124 is positioned downstream from carbon removal apparatus 106. The fan 124 draws gas through carbon removal apparatus 106, and helps to prevent the movement of gas stalling in the carbon removal apparatus 106 In an example, a CO2 storage unit 112 is located downstream of carbon removal apparatus 106. In some examples, CO2storage unit 112 is arranged to store CO2 that has been removed by the carbon removal apparatus 106. In some examples, CO2 storage unit 112 is referred to as a CO2 storage buffer.
In an example, a stack 126 is located downstream of carbon removal apparatus 106.
In some examples, gases other than CO2 are sent to stack 126, either for treatment or harmless gases may be released into the atmosphere. In some examples, a diverter 125 is provided for diverting gases other than CO2 to the stack 126.
In some examples, CO2that is stored in CO2storage unit 112 is passed through a compressor 114 before being stored in a compressed form in compressed CO2 storage unit 116. In some examples, where the compressed CO2comprises "food grade" CO2. then this CO2 can for example be supplied to the food and drink industry e.g. for the carbonisation of drinks.
In some examples, the described system can be scaled-up and additional exhaust gas flow circuits may be provided. For example, drying apparatus 104, carbon removal apparatus 106 and CO2storage unit 112 may be considered to be comprised in a first circuit 128. A second circuit 130 may comprise drying apparatus 105, carbon removal apparatus 107, and CO2storage unit 113. In some examples, the second circuit 130 is arranged parallel to the first circuit 128. Of course, additional such circuits (third, fourth etc.) may also be provided. In some examples, the additional circuits may also be provided in parallel with the first circuit 128.
It will be noted that although a single ICE 118 is shown in Figure 1, in some embodiments the above-described carbon removal process may be applied to two or more such ICE 118.
It will be appreciated that examples provide a particularly efficient system for carbon capture / sequestration, for capturing carbon and/or carbon dioxide from an exhaust gas.
The examples described herein are to be understood as illustrative examples of embodiments of the invention. Further embodiments and examples are envisaged. Any feature described in relation to any one example or embodiment may be used alone or in combination with other features. In addition, any feature described in relation to any one example or embodiment may also be used in combination with one or more features of any other of the examples or embodiments, or any combination of any other of the examples or embodiments. Furthermore, equivalents and modifications not described herein may also be employed within the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims.
Claims (16)
- Claims 1. A system for removing carbon from a gas, the system comprising: a heat exchanger for cooling a gas; a drying apparatus downstream of the heat exchanger, for drying the gas from the heat exchanger; and a carbon removal apparatus downstream of the drying apparatus, for removing carbon from the gas.
- 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the carbon removal apparatus comprises a carbon dioxide adsorption block.
- 3. The system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the carbon removal apparatus comprises a plurality of tubes arranged for the gas to pass therethrough.
- 4. The system according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the carbon removal apparatus comprises zeolite.
- 5. The system according to any preceding claim, comprising a NOx removal apparatus upstream of the heat exchanger.
- 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the NOx removal apparatus comprises an oxidiser.
- 7. The system according to any preceding claim, comprising a cooling circuit between the heat exchanger and the drying apparatus.
- B. The system according to claim 7, wherein the cooling circuit comprises a cold-water cooling circuit.
- 9. The system according to any preceding claim, wherein heat from the heat exchanger is used for heating the carbon removal apparatus.
- 10. The system according to any preceding claim, wherein the drying apparatus comprises a desiccant drier.
- 11. The system according to any preceding claim, comprising a carbon dioxide storage unit for storing carbon dioxide removed by the carbon removal apparatus.
- 12. The system according to any preceding claim, comprising a compressor for 15 compressing carbon dioxide removed by the carbon removal apparatus.
- 13. The system according to claim 12, comprising a storage unit for storing compressed carbon dioxide.
- 14. The system according to any preceding claim, wherein the carbon removal apparatus is one of a plurality of carbon removal apparatus in the system.
- 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of carbon removal apparatus are arranged in parallel.
- 16. The system according to any preceding claim, wherein the gas comprises flue gas from an internal combustion engine.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2213562.8A GB2623052A (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2022-09-15 | Carbon removal system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2213562.8A GB2623052A (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2022-09-15 | Carbon removal system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB202213562D0 GB202213562D0 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
| GB2623052A true GB2623052A (en) | 2024-04-10 |
Family
ID=84817686
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2213562.8A Pending GB2623052A (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2022-09-15 | Carbon removal system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2623052A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1027913A1 (en) * | 1998-07-07 | 2000-08-16 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Method and apparatus for producing highly clean dry air |
| US20100024476A1 (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2010-02-04 | Minish Mahendra Shah | Recovery of carbon dioxide from flue gas |
| US20100251887A1 (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-07 | Innosepra Llc | Carbon Dioxide Recovery |
| JP2017176954A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-05 | 株式会社Ihi | Carbon dioxide recovery apparatus and natural gas combustion system |
| US20180236395A1 (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2018-08-23 | Ihi Corporation | Carbon dioxide recovery method and recovery device |
-
2022
- 2022-09-15 GB GB2213562.8A patent/GB2623052A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1027913A1 (en) * | 1998-07-07 | 2000-08-16 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Method and apparatus for producing highly clean dry air |
| US20100024476A1 (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2010-02-04 | Minish Mahendra Shah | Recovery of carbon dioxide from flue gas |
| US20100251887A1 (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-07 | Innosepra Llc | Carbon Dioxide Recovery |
| US20180236395A1 (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2018-08-23 | Ihi Corporation | Carbon dioxide recovery method and recovery device |
| JP2017176954A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-05 | 株式会社Ihi | Carbon dioxide recovery apparatus and natural gas combustion system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB202213562D0 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
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