GB2618763A - Improved three dyes lifelong and low cost solar cells - Google Patents
Improved three dyes lifelong and low cost solar cells Download PDFInfo
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- GB2618763A GB2618763A GB2204036.4A GB202204036A GB2618763A GB 2618763 A GB2618763 A GB 2618763A GB 202204036 A GB202204036 A GB 202204036A GB 2618763 A GB2618763 A GB 2618763A
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- dye
- dyes
- sensitizers
- solar cells
- solar
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- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical group NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000766096 Halorubrum sodomense Archaerhodopsin-3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 19
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004773 frontier orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 iodine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodide Chemical compound I[I-]I WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Synthesis of metal-free co- sensitizers to design a D-π-A architecture containing a triphenyl-amine core as a functional donor linked to the acrylamide moiety as a stabilization group and the ability of novel co-sensitizers as dyes in dye solar cells (DSSC) application.
Description
BACKGROUND
Dye solar cells were invented by Michael Gratzel in 1991. It was awarded It was the Millennium Technology Prize in 2010, since it is made of low-cost materials and does not require precise equipment to manufacture. This cell has become technically attractive. Gratzel opened the way for innovators to develop and make it accessible to everyone, to use it largely and in unexpected devices such as Glasses and bags, which were also distinguished by their very low cost compared to other solar panel technologies.
Likewise, they can be less expensive to manufacture than older solid-cell designs.
It can also be designed in the form of flexible and mechanically strong panels, and thus does not require a system to protect against minor accidents.
The characteristics of solar cells are determined through several characteristics, perhaps the most prominent of which is the percentage of electrical energy produced relative to the solar energy to which the cell is exposed, which is known as the cell's efficiency.
The Gratzel cell was considered to be high-yield due to the nanostructure that can absorb high photons in addition to the effectiveness of the dye in releasing electrons.
For example, this technology generates good amounts of energy. 11% of the energy of the captured sunlight is converted into electrical energy, and the dye cells are able to work in difficult conditions and with high efficiency, where it can withstand high temperatures up to degrees Celsius.
In general, the two cell paths consist of two thin glass plates coated with a transparent material of electrically conducting oxide. The transparency of the material must be more than 80% and usually per-fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) or indium tin oxide (ITO) is used, and it is placed in an electrolyte solution in addition to the composite dye Usually from Ruthenium or other organic compounds, a tri-iodide solution is used to form the electrolytic medium.
As the name implies, the mechanism of action of dye solar cells depends on photo-electrochemical processes, as it depends on the renewal of reactive chemicals, unlike galvanic cells, and the work of dye cells can be likened to the process of photosynthesis that occurs in plants.
To generate electrical energy, dye cells use an organic dye capable of absorbing broad-spectrum wavelengths of sunlight as well as nanoparticles of semiconductor titanium dioxide, h02. The titanium dioxide particles are coated with dye and placed between two electrodes in an electrolyte solution containing iodine ions.
With the help of the dye, the titanium dioxide molecules absorb ultraviolet rays and light photons, which cause the free electrons to be excited in the conduction band (which is the band in which the electrons are free to move) of the titanium dioxide and ions and electrons move to the electrodes of the electrolyte, and at the same time the iodine ions By capturing free electrons to turn into electrically neutral iodine atoms. The organic dye is renewed, and an electric current is generated.
DESCRIPTION
Dye solar cells (DSSC) have been considered the third generation of organic photo-voltaic cells since their discovery by O'Regan and Gratzel in 1991.The advantages of using DSSC compared to other photovoltaic cells are the low cost, simple preparation methods and multi-design structures. These model cells consist of five main components: the (usually Ti02), a liquid electrolyte (lodolyte), a photosensitive (dye molecule) and the counter. The photosensitizer or dye molecule plays an important role for the cell as it is responsible for absorbing incident light to produce electrons. An ideal photosensitizer would have some requirements for use as a DSSC; (1) The lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO level) that must be above the conduction band of the electrolyte for the electron injection. (2) The highest occupation of the molecular orbital (HOMO level) of the dye must be below the redox potential of the electrolyte to regenerate the dye. (3) The dye must contain a special stabilizing part for strong edge bonding of Ti02. The most efficient stabilizing part is the carboxylic group. DSSC can be classified into two main categories: The first is the metal-free dye in which the dye structure consists of an organic compound. The second variety is a mineral dye in which the structure of the dye contains a metal.
The most efficient metallic DSSCs are those consisting of Ru(II). The main feature of mineral dyes is a wide absorption spectrum, so they can absorb most of the incident light. Among the stimuli The N719 and N3 are considered standard in both industry and academia with an overall efficiency of over 10%.
However, they have some disadvantages of low co-efficient molar extinction. On the other hand, metal-free organic dyes have a high molar extinction coefficient but a low absorption spectrum. There have been many design strategies for organic, metal-free dyes. One of the most popular strategies is the D-11-A geometry.
Interestingly, triphenyl-amine-based dyes have been widely more effective DSSC due to their thermal stability and superior photochemical properties. We have designed new dyes as a co-catalyst with high photovoltaic performance compared to dye N-719 [14-20]. Here, we collect and design a common catalyst New (AR 1-3) with a D-1-I-A structure containing a triphenylamine core as the donor group attached to the acrylamide moiety as the anchoring group (Figure 1).
The synthetic pathway of three novel metal-free dyes AR1-3 possessing a triphenylamine moiety as a strong donor piece was identified in Figure 1.
COOH NO2
Scheme 1: Synthesis of co-sensitizers AR1, AR2 and AR3.
Here, this invention is the development and synthesis of novel co-catalysts to design a D-m-A architecture containing a triphenylamine core as a functional donor linked to the acrylamide moiety as a stabilization group and the ability of novel co-sensitizers in DSSC application. From the UV absorption spectra, all AR1-3 dyes were converted to red with maximum molar extinction compared to the standard TPA dye, which can be attributed to the extended coupling within the molecular structure. AR-3 is the maximum co-molar extinction of 9.29 x 10-5 m due to the favorable charge transfer between the donor and acceptor. Furthermore, DFT/TD-DFT studies were performed for AR1-3 dyes and were in good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the theoretical calculation confirmed the ability of the new dyes as co-stimulators of the dye solar cell (DSSC).
This invention is to design and synthesize strong organic compounds that act as donor atoms and are characterized by their small sizes and ease of preparation and use as light sensors in dye-based solar cells. This leads to an increase in the efficiency of the solar cell.
In view of the importance of using electron-donating compounds such as carbazole compounds and other dyes that will be constructed due to its high ability to give electrons, its chemical stability and its impact on the efficiency of the solar cell. Hence, this invention relies on promising dye structures bearing different donor/acceptor moieties that can efficiently harvest photons mainly in the near-infrared (NIR) region to allow the development of new highly transparent solar cells.
The invention includes the development and synthesis of new D-R-A co-sensors, where the design contains a triphenylamine nucleus as an effective electron donor linked to the acrylamide moiety, and these sensors have the ability to absorb ultraviolet rays.
All dyes AR1-3 with maximum molar extinction were efficiently used compared to standard TPA dye, which can be attributed to extend coupling within the molecular structure. AR-3 is the maximum molar extinction with an efficiency of 9.29 x 10-5 due to the charge transfer between the electron donating and receiving structure. Furthermore, the new DFT/TD-DFT for AR1-dyes were used as solar cell co-sensors.
Wavelength nm Fig. 1: Absorption spectra of SA1-6 in DMF solution (2 x 10-5 M).
Fig. 2: Energy level diagram, optimized and EN40 structures for AR 1-3.
300 400 500 AR1 ----- AR2 -Standard k,
Brief Description of the Drawings:
1-In Fig. 1: It is a thematic illustration of the synthesis of co-sensitizers AR1, AR2 and AR3.
2-In Fig 2: It is a graph showing the relationship between UV-vis absorption spectra of the novel co-sensitizers (AR1, AR2 and AR3) compared to standard TPA dye and UV wavelength.
3-In Fig 3: It is an energy level diagram showing the Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMO) structures connected with AR1, AR2 and AR3 dyes.
Some advantages of this invention are as follows: 1-The practical application of these dyes in dye co-sensitizers of solar cells is at a very low cost.
2-The efficiency of these dye co-sensitizers of solar cells is higher as for electricity generation when exposed to light.
3-The generation of electricity cost is very low with the use of these three dyes inside the solar cells.
4-The chemical stability of these dyes is for a very long period of time.
5-Ability of the three dyes does not decrease over time.
6-Solar panels made of the three dye solar cells are more flexible and lighter than the metal-dye solar cells.
7-These dyes withstand high temperature without being affected, and therefore solar panels can be used in the desert.
8-Reducing the cost of solar cell panels leads to the use of these solar panels in many diverse applications, including, but not limited to, the following: *The use of these solar panels to generate electricity in apartments by installing these solar panels on the roofs of the houses.
*The use of these solar panels to generate electricity in ships of all sizes and types, and the use of electricity produced in the air-conditioning devices of ships.
*The use of these solar panels to generate electricity to generate electricity in remote areas.
*The use of these solar panels to generate electricity in factories, and solar panels are installed on the upper roof of the factories.
*The use of these solar panels to generate electricity in buses to generate the electricity needed for air conditioning in buses.
*The use of these solar panels to generate electricity to generate the electricity needed to operate water pumps in farms.
*The use of these solar panels to generate electricity and use the produced electricity to operate cars in case the electric battery in the car is weak, and the solar panel is installed on the upper roof of the car.
*The use of these solar panels to generate electricity in trucks and the installation of solar panels on the top surface of the trucks, and the electricity produced is used to operate the truck in case the electric battery in the truck is weak.
*The use of these solar panels to generate electricity in refrigerators and the installation of solar panels on the upper surface of large refrigerators that are used to preserve vegetables and fruits, especially since the temperature in the day is high.
*The use of these solar panels to generate electricity in the vertical balloon, and the electricity is transferred from the vertical balloon to the ground using an electric cable, and the balloon is fixed to the ground using a wire.
*Maintenance cost of dye photovoltaic cells is very low.
*Dye photovoltaic cells are manufactured in different sizes and areas.
*The working life of the Dye photovoltaic cells is long.
Claims (1)
- CLAIMSThis invention is the development and synthesis of novel co-sensitizers to design a D-n-A architecture containing a tri-phenyl-amine core as a functional donor linked to the acrylamide moiety as a stabilization group and the ability of novel co-sensitizers in DSSC application From the UV absorption spectra, with all AR1-3 dyes converted to red with maximum molar extinction compared to the standard TPA dye, which can be attributed to the extended coupling within the molecular structure bearing in mind that AR-3 is the maximum co-molar extinction of 9.29 x 10-5 M due to the favorable charge transfer between the donor and acceptor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2204036.4A GB2618763A (en) | 2022-03-22 | 2022-03-22 | Improved three dyes lifelong and low cost solar cells |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2204036.4A GB2618763A (en) | 2022-03-22 | 2022-03-22 | Improved three dyes lifelong and low cost solar cells |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB202204036D0 GB202204036D0 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
| GB2618763A true GB2618763A (en) | 2023-11-22 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2204036.4A Withdrawn GB2618763A (en) | 2022-03-22 | 2022-03-22 | Improved three dyes lifelong and low cost solar cells |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2618763A (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20110086272A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-28 | 영남대학교 산학협력단 | New triphenylamine derivatives and dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the same |
| EP2781555A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2014-09-24 | Adeka Corporation | Novel compound and support supporting this novel compound |
| CN109796432A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-24 | 陕西理工大学 | A kind of quick dose and preparation method thereof altogether of alkyl bithiophene -3- fluorobenzene bridged triphenyl amine |
-
2022
- 2022-03-22 GB GB2204036.4A patent/GB2618763A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20110086272A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-28 | 영남대학교 산학협력단 | New triphenylamine derivatives and dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the same |
| EP2781555A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2014-09-24 | Adeka Corporation | Novel compound and support supporting this novel compound |
| CN109796432A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-24 | 陕西理工大学 | A kind of quick dose and preparation method thereof altogether of alkyl bithiophene -3- fluorobenzene bridged triphenyl amine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB202204036D0 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
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| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |