GB2613781A

GB2613781A - Skincare compositions

Info

Publication number: GB2613781A
Application number: GB2117678.9A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Trani Marina
Original assignee: Vive Skincare Ltd
Current assignee: Vive Skincare Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-07
Filing date: 2021-12-07
Publication date: 2023-06-21
Also published as: WO2023105225A1; GB202117678D0

Abstract

A skincare composition comprising a cannabinoid (e.g. 0.1-15%), vitamin B3 (e.g. niacinamide; 0.5-10%), and glycerol (e.g. up to 30%). The composition may comprise an aqueous phase (55-95%) and non-aqueous phase, and form an emulsion. The cannabinoid may be present in both phases. The composition may comprise a gel network, comprising xanthan gum. The composition may exhibit a sun protection SPF rating of at least 10, be tinted and comprise minerals or other additives (e.g. micas, iron oxides, nanoparticulate zinc oxide, further humectants). Also claimed is a method of preparing the composition, comprising blending a cannabinoid, vitamin B3 and glycerol. The method may further comprise preparing aqueous and non-aqueous phases to form an emulsion; and/or adjusting pH and viscosity of the blended composition. Also claimed is: a method of applying the composition to the skin; a cosmetic use and method of enhancing skin appearance by applying the composition; and a product comprising the composition contained within a vessel, wherein the packaging and/or vessel preferably contains hemp-derived material.

Description

Intellectual Property Office Application No G13211 7678 9 RTM Date:8 April 2022 The following terms are registered trade marks and should be read as such wherever they occur in this document:

BASF

Intellectual Property Office is an operating name of the Patent Office www.gov.uk/ipo -1 -

SKINCARE COMPOSITIONS

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to skincare compositions, in particular to skincare compositions comprising a cannabinoid. The present invention also relates to methods for preparing the same. The skincare compositions may be used to improve the appearance of skin affected by issues such as dryness, redness, tightness and inflammation.

Background to the Invention

The skin is one of the largest organs in the human body, and performs a number of important functions. For instance, the skin acts as a barrier to protect the inside of the human body from both physical impacts and pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, as well as aiding in temperature regulation. The skin also contains a large number of nerve endings, providing humans with a sensory response to stimuli like temperature and pressure.

The skin is composed of three main layers The outer layer of the skin is called the epidermis and provides a barrier to the body. New epidermal skin cells are continuously formed at the base of the epidermis and push older cells towards the surface of the skin. As the cells move, they receive less and less blood flow. Once completely isolated from blood flow, the cells die and flatten forming the stratum corneum -the top layer of the epidermis. The layer of skin underneath the epidermis is called the dermis. This layer of skin contains hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. The subcutaneous layer sits below the dermis and contains fat and connective tissue.

It is essential that the skin is maintained in a healthy state font to properly fulfil its functions, and for the comfort of the human. In order to help skin stay healthy, many people use topical compositions such as creams and serums. Creams usually contain moisturising ingredients and may be used daily, for instance in the morning or at night before bed. Creams may also contain one of more active ingredients to target certain skin conditions. -2 -

Serums tend to be used in combination with a daily-use cream, and usually contain a relatively high loading of active ingredients.

As part of daily life, our skin is exposed to many different forms of stress such as sun radiation, dry conditions caused by heat, air conditioning and central heating, over-washing and pollution. With age, the skin's natural defences and barriers tend to become weaker. One or more of these factors can lead to skin feeling and appearing dry or tight, and often both. Blemishes, patches or uneven areas can also cause skin to appear inflamed.

There is therefore a need for topical compositions that can protect the skin from these multiple stresses and improve its appearance in an effective way.

The human endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in modulating numerous physiological processes. Research into the ECS is increasingly pointing to its significance in maintaining skin homeostasis, in addition to its well-documented regulation of the central nervous system and immune system cells. Broadly speaking, the ECS consists of: cannabinoid receptors such as CB, and CB2; endogenous cannabinoids which act as ligands for the cannabinoid receptors; and enzymes that control the synthesis and degradation of these endocannabinoids.

Exogeneous cannabinoids, such as the phytocannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), have been shown to be able to influence the endocannabinoid system through their interactions with cannabinoid receptors. Such receptors, while most abundant within the central and peripheral nervous systems, have also been identified in cutaneous cells including those in the epidermis.

US 2021/0145764 Al discloses compositions of cannabidiol and/or polyphenols for the treatment of skin disorders. However, these compositions may exhibit limited anti-inflammatory effects on the skin, thereby only enhancing skin appearance by a moderate 30 degree.

Thus, there remains a need for topical skincare compositions which enhance the appearance of skin. -3 -

Summarv of the Invention The present invention is based on the surprising discovery that the appearance of skin may be enhanced by using a skincare composition which comprises a cannabinoid; vitamin B3, and glycerol. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that by using vitamin B3 to enhance, and glycerol to restore and maintain, the barrier properties of the skin, the anti-inflammatory effects of a cannabinoid such as cannabidiol on the skin are unexpectedly increased thereby leading to a notable improvement in the appearance of skin Thus, the present invention provides a skincare composition comprising: a cannabinoid; vitamin B3, and glycerol.

In the skincare composition of the present invention, the cannabinoid may be present in both the aqueous and non-aqueous phases.

Also provided is a method of preparing the skincare composition, said method comprising 20 blending a cannabinoid, vitamin B3 and glycerol Such a method may comprise: preparing an aqueous phase; preparing a non-aqueous phase; and blending the aqueous and non-aqueous phases together, preferably to form an emulsion.

The present invention further provides a method which comprises applying a skincare composition of the present invention to the skin.

Also provided is a cosmetic method of enhancing the appearance of skin, said method comprising applying a skincare composition of the present invention to the skin, as well as a cosmetic use of such a skincare composition forenhancing the appearance of skin. Such -4 -enhancement may include reducing the appearance of inflammation, dryness, redness, blotching, puffiness, tightness, flaking skin and blemishes.

Further provided is a product comprising: a skincare composition of the present invention, contained within a vessel; and packaging around the vessel.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Skincare composition The skincare compositions of the present invention comprise a cannabinoid. Cannabinoids are agents that act on the endocannabinoid system, in particular by interacting with cannabinoid receptors such as cannabinoid receptor type 1 (C11) and/or cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2). The cannabinoids used in the compositions of the present invention help to reduce inflammatory skin responses.

Cannabinoids can be derived from the cannabis plant, be synthetically prepared or be endocannabinoids. The cannabinoid used in the present invention will generally be 20 derived from the cannabis plant or be synthetically prepared.

A wide range of cannabinoids may be used in the skincare composition. For instance, the cannabinoid may be selected from cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN) and mixtures thereof. It will be appreciated that other cannabinoids may 25 also be used. In preferred embodiments, the cannabinoid is CBD.

The skincare composition may comprise a cannabinoid in an amount of at least 0.1 °A, preferably at least 0.2 c/o, and more preferably at least 0.3 °A, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise a cannabinoid in an amount of up to 15 °A, preferably up to 10 °A, and more preferably up to 8 °A, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise a cannabinoid in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 %, preferably from 0.2 to 10 %, and more preferably from 0.3 to 8 °A, by weight of the composition. -5 -

In some embodiments, for instance where the skincare composition is a product such as a face cream for long-term daily use or an intensive cream for short-term daily use, the composition may comprise a cannabinoid in an amount of at least 0.1 °/0, preferably at least 0.2 %, and more preferably at least 0.3 °/0, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise a cannabinoid in an amount of up to 2 %, preferably up to 1.5 %, and more preferably up to 1 cro, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise a cannabinoid in an amount of from 0.1 to 2 %, preferably from 0.2 to 1.5 %, and more preferably from 0.3 to 11%, by weight of the composition.

In other embodiments, for instance where the skincare composition is a serum, the composition may comprise a cannabinoid in an amount of at least 3 %, preferably at least 4 %, and more preferably at least 5 1%, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise a cannabinoid in an amount of up to 15 %, preferably up to 10 %, and more preferably up to 8 %, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise a cannabinoid in an amount of from 3 to 15 %, preferably from 4 to 10 %, and more preferably from 5 to 8 %, by weight of the composition.

It will be appreciated that, when more than one cannabinoid is used, the cro amounts given above refer to the total amount of cannabinoid in the skincare composition.

In addition to a cannabinoid, the skincare compositions of the present invention also contain vitamin 33 and glycerol.

Vitamin B3 is used in the compositions of the present invention to strengthen the skin barrier thereby reducing the likelihood of inflammation taking hold. Vitamin 33 can come in three different vitamer forms, namely niacinamide, niacin and nicotinamide riboside. Any of these forms, or a mixture of these forms, may be used as the vitamin B3 in the skincare compositions of the present invention. Preferably, the vitamin 83 is niacinamide.

The skincare composition may comprise vitamin 33 in an amount of at least 0.5 %, preferably at least 1 %, and more preferably at least 2 %, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise vitamin 83 in an amount of up to 10 %, preferably up to 7 %, and more preferably up to 6 cro, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition -6 -may comprise vitamin B3 in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 °A, preferably from 1 to 7 %, and more preferably from 2 to 6 °A, by weight of the composition.

In some embodiments, for instance where the skincare composition is a product such as 5 a face cream for long-term daily use, the composition may comprise vitamin B3 in an amount of at least 0.5 %, preferably at least 1 %, and more preferably at least 2 °A, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise vitamin B3 in an amount of up to 5%, preferably up to 4.5%, and more preferably up to 4 %, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise vitamin B3 in an amount of from 0.5 to 5 °A, preferably 10 from 1 to 4.5 %, and more preferably from 2 to 4 %, by weight of the composition.

In other embodiments, for instance where the skincare composition is a product such as an intensive cream for short-term daily use or a serum, the composition may comprise vitamin B3 in an amount of at least 3 %, preferably at least 3.5 °A, and more preferably at least 4 °A, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise vitamin B3 in an amount of up to 10 %, preferably up to 7 °A, and more preferably up to 6 °A, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise vitamin B3 in an amount of from 3 to 10 cro, preferably from 3.5 to 7 °A, and more preferably from 4 to 6 °A, by weight of the composition.

It will be appreciated that, when more than one form of vitamin B3 is used, the % amounts given above refer to the total amount of vitamin B3 in the skincare composition.

Glycerol is used in the skincare compositions of the present invention as a humectant.

Humectants are hygroscopic compounds that draw water to the top layer of the skin (Le. the epidermis), from both the air and lower layers of skin. As such, the presence of a humectant improves the moisturising properties of the composition thereby restoring or maintaining a well-functioning stratum corneum resulting in a healthier skin barrier. Glycerol has been found to be extremely effective as a humectant in the skincare compositions of the present invention which comprise a cannabinoid and vitamin B3.

The skincare composition may comprise glycerol in an amount of at least 1 °A, preferably at least 3 %, and more preferably at least 4 °A, by weight of the composition. The -7 -composition may comprise glycerol in an amount of up to 20 °A, preferably up to 18 %, and more preferably up to 15 %, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise glycerol in an amount of from 1 to 20 cro, preferably from 3 to 18 %, and more preferably from 4 to 15 %, by weight of the composition. Though less typical, glycerol can also be used in higher amounts, for instance in an amount of up to 30 % by weight.

The skincare compositions of the present invention may also comprise an additional humectant in addition to glycerol. This additional humectant may be selected from organic acids and alcohols and mixtures thereof. Suitable organic acids include hyaluronic acid, alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) (e.g. lactic acid), and mixtures thereof. The organic acids may, in some instances, be used in their salt forms, such as their sodium salt forms. Suitable alcohols include polyols (Le. compounds containing at least two -OH groups) such as alkylene glycols (e.g. mono-, di-or tri-ethylene glycol; mono-, di-or tri-propylene glycol; or mono-, di-or tri-butylene glycol), saccharides and their derivatives (e.g. maltitol, sorbitol or erythritol) and panthenol. Other types of humectant may also be used, such as urea which may be particularly effective when used with glycerol.

The skincare composition may comprise the additional humectant in an amount of at least 1 c/o, preferably at least 2 °/0, and more preferably at least 3%, by weight of the composition.

The composition may comprise the additional humectant in an amount of up to 25 °A, preferably up to 12 %, and more preferably up to 10 %, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise the humectant in an amount of from 1 to 25 °A, preferably from 2 to 12 °/0, and more preferably from 3 to 10 °/0, by weight of the composition.

It will be appreciated that, when more than one additional humectant is used, the % amounts given above refer to the total amount of additional humectant in the skincare composition.

Typically, the total amount of humectant in the skincare composition, Le. glycerol and any additional humectant, will not exceed 30 c/o by weight.

As mentioned above, the skincare compositions of the present invention are believed to -8 -be particularly effective as a result of the combination of a cannabinoid; vitamin B3, and glycerol. Preferably, the skincare compositions of the present invention contain these components in a combined amount of at least 8 cro by weight, more preferably at least 10 % by weight, and more preferably at least 12 % by weight.

Preferably, the skincare compositions of the present invention comprise zinc oxide. Zinc oxide is used in the skincare compositions to form a barrier on top of the skin that protects the area from moisture, irritants and UV damage. It also provides some mild antibacterial benefits.

Preferably, the zinc oxide is used in the form of nanoparticulate zinc oxide, which is also known as microfine zinc oxide. An advantage of using nanoparticulate zinc oxide is that it is substantially imperceptible when applied to the skin. Nanoparticulate zinc oxide is available commercially, e.g. as Z-Cote® (available from BASF) The nanoparticles may have a particle size of less than 500 nm, preferably less than 300 nm, and typically less than 100 nm. The lower limit of particle size is not particularly significant, but typically the nanoparticulate zinc oxide will have a particle size of greater than 10 nm. Nanoparticulate size is understood to mean the median for a number average distribution of particles (Dn50) and may be measured using known techniques, such as by centrifugation techniques (see e.g. the method described in section 3.1.9 of EC report SCCS/1489/12). If a coated zinc oxide is used, particle size may be measured on the corresponding uncoated form (i.e. a form having substantially the same particle size and morphology as seen in electron microscopy images).

The skincare composition may comprise zinc oxide in an amount of at least 0.3 %, preferably at least 0.5 %, and more preferably at least 0.8 %, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise zinc oxide in an amount of up to 15 %, however typically much lower amounts will be used. The composition may comprise zinc oxide in an amount of up to 2.5 %, preferably up to 2 %, and more preferably up to 1.5 %, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise zinc oxide in an amount of from 0.3 to 3 %, preferably from 0.5 to 2 ck, and more preferably from 0.8 to 1.5 %, by weight of the composition. -9 -

It will be appreciated that, when more than one form of zinc oxide is used, the % amounts given above refer to the total amount of zinc oxide in the skincare composition.

The skincare compositions of the present invention are believed to be particularly effective when a combination of a cannabinoid; vitamin B3; and zinc oxide is used. Preferably, the skincare compositions of the present invention contain these components in a combined amount of at least 2 % by weight, more preferably at least 3 °A by weight, and more preferably at least 4.5 % by weight.

The skincare composition of the present invention will generally comprise an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase. Preferably, the composition is in the form of an emulsion, in particular an oil-in-water emulsion.

The aqueous phase may represent at least 55 °A, preferably at least 60 °A, and more preferably at least 65%, by weight of the composition. The aqueous phase may represent up to 95 °A, preferably up to 90 °A, and more preferably up to 85 %, by weight of the composition. Thus, the aqueous phase may represent from 55 to 95 °A, preferably from 60 to 90 %, and more preferably from 65 to 85 c/o, by weight of the composition.

The non-aqueous phase may represent at least 5 °A, preferably at least 10 °A, and more preferably at least 15 °A, by weight of the composition. The non-aqueous phase may represent up to 45 °A, preferably up to 40 °A, and more preferably up to 35%, by weight of the composition. Thus, the non-aqueous phase may represent from 5 to 45%, preferably from 10 to 40%, and more preferably from 15 to 35%, by weight of the composition.

In preferred embodiments, the cannabinoid is present in both the aqueous and non-aqueous phases. Delivery of the cannabinoid in both phases is believed to enhance the beneficial effects of the cannabinoid on the skin. Without wishing to be bound by theory, this is believed to be because the cannabinoid is able to effectively penetrate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains within the skin structure.

Cannabinoids are typically insoluble in water and, as such, the cannabinoid is preferably dispersed in the aqueous phase, e.g. in micelles. Since the surface of the micelles is -10 -hydrophobic, the cannabinoid remains within the micelles in the aqueous phase, even once the aqueous phase has been blended with the non-aqueous phase. The surfactant that is used to form the micelle may be a block co-polymer, such as a triblock copolymer in which a first polymer block is sandwiched between two second polymer blocks. The first polymer block has a higher affinity for the cannabinoid and a lower solubility in water than the second polymer blocks. For instance, the first polymer block may be propylene glycol, and the second polymer blocks may be ethylene glycol. Water soluble or dispersible cannabinoids are commercially available, e.g. from KND Labs.

To aid with the formation and stability of the emulsion, the skincare compositions of the present invention may comprise an emulsifier, and preferably a wax emulsifier. The emulsifier may be selected from cetearyls (e.g. cetearyl olivate, cetearyl glucosides (e.g. derived from natural sources such as wheat straw) or cetearyl alcohol), sorbitans (e.g. sorbitan olivate), lactylates (e.g. sodium stearoyl lactylate), fatty acid esters such as polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters (e.g. PEG-20 stearate) or polyol fatty acid esters (e.g. glyceryl stearate), and ammonium and pyridinium salts, natural emulsifiers (e.g. beeswax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, rice bran wax or liquid lecithin) and mixtures thereof. Suitable mixtures include cetearyl wheat straw glucosides and cetearyl alcohol; glyceryl stearate, cetearyl alcohol and sodium stearoyl lactylate; and cetearyl olivate and sorbitan olivate. A very wide range of other emulsifiers may also be used.

Preferably, the emulsifier is selected from cetearyl olivate, sorbitan olivate and mixtures thereof, and more preferably is a mixture of cetearyl olivate and sorbitan olivate.

The skincare composition may comprise the emulsifier in an amount of at least 0.5 %, preferably at least 1 °A, and more preferably at least 1.5 °/0, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise the emulsifier in an amount of up to 5 %, preferably up to 4 %, and more preferably up to 3 °A, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise emulsifier in an amount of from 0.5 to 5 %, preferably from 1 to 4 %, and more preferably from 1.5 to 3 %, by weight of the composition.

It will be appreciated that, when more than one emulsifier is used, the % amounts given above refer to the total amount of emulsifier in the skincare composition.

The emulsion may be further stabilised by the use of a thickener. In preferred embodiments, the thickener may be used to form a gel network. Thus, in some embodiments, the emulsion is in the form of a gel network. Where the composition is in the form of a gel, its viscosity is preferably from 15,000 to 30,000 cP. Where the 5 composition is in the form of a serum, the viscosity can be lower. Thus, for a serum, the viscosity is preferably from 1 to 30,000 cP, such as from 100 to 30,000 cP. Viscosity is measured at 25 °C and at a speed of 6 RPM. Viscosity measurements may be carried out using a Brookfield DV1 Digital Viscometer (e.g. DV1MLV), preferably using a T-C spindle (entry code 93) and a Helipathm stand. The sample is preferably held in a 600 mL Low 10 Form Griffin Beaker having a working volume of 500 mL, and the test preferably carried out for a period of 60 seconds.

A wide range of thickeners may be used. Typically, the thickener will be a polymer, for instance selected from a polysaccharide gum such as xanthan gum, sclerotium gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, tara gum, dammar gum and caesalpinia spinosa gum; and cellulose and modified cellulose polymers such as ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose and mixtures thereof. A wide range of other thickeners may also be used. Preferably, the thickener is xanthan gum.

The thickener may be added to the skincare composition in an amount which gives the skincare composition the desired viscosity, such as a viscosity of from 1 to 30,000 cP, and preferably from 100 to 30,000 cP. The skincare composition may comprise the thickener in an amount of at least 0.1 %, preferably at least 0.2%, and more preferably at least 0.25 %, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise the thickener in an amount of up to 2%, preferably up to 1.5%, and more preferably up to 1 %, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise thickener in an amount of from 0.1 to 2 %, preferably from 0.2 to 1.5 %, and more preferably from 0.25 to 1 °A), by weight of the composition It will be appreciated that, when more than one thickener is used, the % amounts given above refer to the total amount of thickener in the skincare composition.

-12 -Where an emulsifier and/or thickener are used, these preferably do not display strongly anionic behaviour in the composition (La at the pH of the composition) as any such compounds can be incompatible with zinc oxide. Emulsifiers and thickeners that display strongly anionic behaviour may include surfactants and polymers such as carbomers (La acrylic acid polymers). Thus, the skincare composition preferably comprises any such components in an amount of less than 0.5 %, preferably less than 0.2 °A, by weight and more preferably is substantially free from any such components. It will be appreciated that, where more than one anionic emulsifier or thickener is used, these amounts refer to the total amount of anionic emulsifiers and anionic thickeners in the composition.

The skincare compositions of the present invention will generally comprise an emollient such as a lipid. A wide range of lipids may be used. For instance, the lipid may be selected from plant oils such as grapeseed oil, shea butter, cocoa butter, coconut oil, olive oil, soybean oil, palm oil, avocado oil, jojoba oil, almond oil, apricot oil, hazelnut oil, wheat germ oil, argan oil, plum oil, raspberry seed oil, pomegranate oil, lavender oil, borage oil, castor oil, camellia oil, hemp seed oil, macadamia oil, peach oil, mongongo nut oil, and combinations thereof. Petroleum derived emollients may also be used, such as petrolatum. Preferably, the emollient is selected from grapeseed oil, shea butter and combinations thereof, and more preferably the emollient is a combination of grapeseed oil and shea butter. Where the skincare composition is in the form of an emulsion, the emollient will typically make up the bulk of the non-aqueous phase.

The skincare composition may comprise the emollient in an amount of at least 5 °A, preferably at least 8 °A, and more preferably at least 10 %, by weight of the composition.

The composition may comprise the emollient in an amount of up to 40 °A, preferably up to 30 °A, and more preferably up to 25 °A, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise the emollient in an amount of from 5 to 40 %, preferably from 8 to 30 %, and more preferably from 10 to 25 %, by weight of the composition.

It will be appreciated that, when more than one emollient is used, the % amounts given above refer to the total amount of emollient in the skincare composition.

-13 -The skincare compositions of the present invention will generally comprise water. Where the skincare composition is in the form of an emulsion, water will typically make up the bulk (i.e, greater than 50 % by weight) of the aqueous phase.

The skincare composition may comprise water in an amount of at least 30 %, preferably at least 40 %, and more preferably at least 45 ck, by weight of the composition. The skincare composition may comprise water in an amount of up to 80 %, preferably up to 75 %, and more preferably up to 70 %, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise water in an amount of from 30 to 80 °A, preferably from 40 to 75 %, and more preferably from 45 to 70 %, by weight of the composition.

To enhance their anti-inflammatory properties, the skincare compositions of the present invention may comprise a further anti-inflammatory agent (i.e. an agent beyond the anti-inflammatory components described above). Particularly preferred as the further anti-inflammatory agent is aloe vera. Other suitable anti-inflammatory agents include liquorice extract, willowherb extract, bisabolol, curcuminoids, and allantoin.

The skincare composition may comprise the further anti-inflammatory agent in an amount of at least 0.5 °A, preferably at least 1 °A, and more preferably at least 2 %, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise the further anti-inflammatory agent in an amount of up to 10 %, preferably up to 7 °A, and more preferably up to 5 °A, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise the further anti-inflammatory agent in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 %, preferably from 1 to 7 °A, and more preferably from 2 to 5 °A, by weight of the composition.

It will be appreciated that, when more than one further anti-inflammatory agent is used, the % amounts given above refer to the total amount of further anti-inflammatory agent in the skincare composition.

The skincare composition of the present invention may comprise an antioxidant. The use of an antioxidant helps to stability the composition, and in particular the cannabinoid. The antioxidant may be selected from: vitamin E and derivatives thereof, such as vitamin E acetate, polypropylene glycol tocopheryl ethers and polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene -14 -tocopherol ethers; ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof, such as ascorbyl palmitate, dipalmitate L-ascorbate, ascorbyl acetate, ascorbyl stearate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate; carotenoids such as a-carotene, p-carotene and lycopene; and combinations thereof. Preferably, the antioxidant is vitamin For a combination of vitamin E and ascorbic acid. A combination of vitamin E and ascorbic acid provides an antioxidant in both an aqueous and oil phase and, as such, is particularly beneficial where the cannabinoid is present in both phases.

The skincare composition may comprise the antioxidant in an amount of at least 0.1 °A, preferably at least 0.2 %, and more preferably at least 0.3 °A, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise the antioxidant in an amount of up to 3 %, preferably up to 2 °A, and more preferably up to 1.5 °A, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise the antioxidant in an amount of from 0.1 to 3%, preferably from 0.2 to 2 °A, and more preferably from 0.3 to 1.5 °A, by weight of the composition.

It will be appreciated that, when more than one antioxidant is used, the % amounts given above refer to the total amount of antioxidant in the skincare composition.

The skincare composition of the present invention may comprise a preservative. The use of a preservative helps with the long-term stability of the skincare composition. A wide range of preservatives may be used, but particularly preferred are peptide preservatives. An example of a suitable peptide preservative is Leuconostoc (radish root ferment filtrate) which is available commercially as Leucidale Liquid from Active Micro Technologies. Suitable non-peptide preservatives include: ethylenediaminetetraacetatic acid (EDTA) and its salts; benzalkonium chloride; chlorphenesin; phenoxyethanol; parabens such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, and isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; benzophenone-4; isothiazolinones such as methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone, and benzisothiazolinone; salicylic acid and its salts; and sorbic acid and its salts.

The skincare composition may comprise the preservative in an amount of at least 0.1 °A, preferably at least 0.25 °A, and more preferably at least 0.5 %, by weight of the -15 -composition. The composition may comprise the preservative in an amount of up to 3 %, preferably up to 2 %, and more preferably up to 1.5 %, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise the preservative in an amount of from 0.1 to 3%, preferably from 0.25 to 2 °A, and more preferably from 0.5 to 1.5 °/0, by weight of the composition It will be appreciated that, when more than one preservative is used, the cro amounts given above refer to the total amount of preservative in the skincare composition.

The skincare composition of the present invention may offer protection from the sun. SPF represents protection against UVB light, while star ratings represent protection against UVA light. The composition may exhibit a sun protection factor (SPF) rating of at least 10, e.g. an SPF rating of 10, 15, 30 or 50 and preferably an SPF rating of 15. The composition may exhibit a star rating of at least 2, e.g. a star rating of at least 3. In preferred embodiments, the skincare composition exhibits broad-spectrum sun protection, Le. it protects against UVA light as well as UVB light.

Zinc oxide, if used, may provide at least some of the sun protection in the skincare compositions of the present invention. However, generally, where stronger sun protection is required, for instance in a day face cream for long-term daily use, the skincare composition will comprise a further (Le. non-zinc oxide) sunscreen. The sunscreen may be selected from organic sunscreens. For instance, the sunscreen may be selected from: benzophenone-derived compounds such as benzophenone-1 to benzophenone-12 (e.g. dioxybenzone (Le. benzophenone-8) or oxybenzone (Le. benzophenone-3)); avobenzone; p-aminobenzoic acid; padimates such as padimate 0 or padimate A; phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid; cinoxate; homomethyl salicylate; menthyl anthranilate; octocrylene; octyl methoxycinnamate; octyl salicylate; sulisobenzone; trolamine salicylate; butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane; terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid; 4-methylbenzylidene camphor; bisoctrizole; bemotrizinol; tris-biphenyl triazine; bisdisulizole disodium; drometrizole trisiloxane; sodium dihydroxy dimethoxy disulfobenzophenone; ethylhexyl triazone; diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate; diethylhe>cyl butamido triazone; polysilicone-15; isopenty1-4-methoxycinnamate; and combinations thereof. For instance, a combination of ethylhexyl triazone; diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate and avobenzone may be used in order to achieve full-spectrum sun protection.

-16 -The sunscreen will be included in the amount required for the skincare composition to provide the target level of sun protection. Additional sunscreens (beyond zinc oxide) will generally not be included in night face creams for long-term daily use, intensive creams for short-term daily use or serums.

In some instances, for instance in products such as a day face cream for long-term daily use, the skincare composition may comprise minerals such as micas and iron oxides. These minerals may provide the skincare compositions of the present invention with a tint, making them particularly suitable for concealing imperfections in the skin, such as blemishes, and/or providing a healthy glow to the surface of the skin. Such minerals will typically not be used in night face creams for long-term daily use, intensive creams for short-term daily use or serums.

Where skincare compositions of the present invention comprise minerals, these may be present in an amount at least 0.005 %, preferably at least 0.01 %, and more preferably at least 0.015 %, by weight of the composition. Compositions of the present invention may comprise minerals in an amount of up to 0.1 %, preferably up to 0.05 %, and more preferably up to 0.04 %, by weight of the composition. Thus, compositions of the present invention may comprise minerals in an amount of from 0.005 to 0.1 %, preferably from 0.01 to 0.05 %, and more preferably from 0.015 to 0.04 %, by weight of the composition.

It will be appreciated that the cro amounts of mineral do not include the zinc oxide that is preferably present in the skincare compositions and that, when more than one (non-zinc oxide) mineral is used, the °A amounts given above refer to the total amount of (non-zinc 25 oxide) mineral in the skincare composition.

In some instances, the skincare composition may comprise a fragrance. The composition may comprise the fragrance in an amount of at least 0.01 cro, preferably at least 0.03 %, and more preferably at least 0.05%, by weight of the composition. The composition may comprise the fragrance in an amount of up to 5 %, preferably up to 3 %, and more preferably up to 1 %, by weight of the composition. Thus, the composition may comprise the fragrance in an amount of from 0.01 to 5 ck, preferably from 0.03 to 3 °A), and more preferably from 0.05 to 1 %, by weight of the composition.

-17 -In other instances, the skincare composition may be substantially free from fragrance.

The skincare compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more anti-aging components. For instance, the anti-aging component may be a cell renewal agent such as retinol or a retinoid. The anti-agent component may be a skin tone enhancer such as arbutin. Each of these anti-aging components may be used in the skincare compositions of the present invention in an amount of from 0.1 to 5 % by weight.

The skincare composition may have a pH of at least 5.5, preferably at least 6.0, and more preferably at least 6.2. The skincare composition may have a pH of up to 8.0, preferably up to 7.5, and more preferably up to 7.0. Thus, the composition may have a pH of from 5.5 to 8.0, preferably from 6.0 to 7.5, and more preferably from 6.2 to 7.0. These pH ranges help the composition, and in particular the vitamin 83 and cannabinoids, to remain stable. Where necessary, the pH may be adjusted to within these ranges by addition of an acid (such as citric acid) or a base (such a triethylamine). As such, the skincare composition may comprise an acid or a base, though this will usually be in small amounts.

The skincare compositions of the present invention may be used as a number of different products. Suitable products include a face cream or a serum.

Face creams may be for long-term daily use, e.g. for a period of greater than 30 days, or for short-term daily use, e.g. for a period of 14 days. The face creams may be day creams or night creams. The day creams may offer broad spectrum sun protection and/or may be tinted, whereas the night creams will typically be untinted and not have any added sunscreen.

Serums may be used as required, e.g. on a daily or weekly basis. As explained in more detail below, the serum may be used in addition to a face cream. As with night creams, a serum will typically be unfinted and not have any added sunscreen.

-18 -Preparation methods The skincare compositions of the present invention are prepared by a method which comprises blending a cannabinoid, vitamin B3 and glycerol. Any other components that 5 are present in the skincare compositions will also be blended in In preferred embodiments, the method comprises: preparing an aqueous phase; preparing a non-aqueous phase; and blending the aqueous and non-aqueous phases together.

The aqueous phase may be prepared by mixing together the aqueous phase ingredients. Ingredients which form part of the aqueous phase include water, vitamin B3 and glycerol. Ingredients which may also form part of aqueous phase include additional humectants, calming agents, water-dispersible cannabinoids and thickeners.

The aqueous phase ingredients may be mixed together by blending under high shear, e.g. at a shear rate of from 1,000 to 10,000 rpm and preferably from 2,000 to 6,000 rpm. The high shear conditions are preferably maintained until the aqueous phase is mixed with the non-aqueous phase.

The aqueous phase may be prepared by mixing the aqueous phase ingredients at elevated temperatures. The aqueous phase ingredients may be mixed together at a temperature of at least 50 °C, preferably at least 60 °C, and more preferably at least 65 °C. The aqueous phase ingredients may be mixed at a temperature of up to 90 °C, preferably up to 85 °C, and more preferably up to 80 °C. Thus, the aqueous phase ingredients may be mixed at a temperature of from 50 to 90 °C, preferably from 60 to 85 °C, and more preferably from 65 to 80 °C. These temperatures are preferably maintained until the aqueous phase is mixed with the non-aqueous phase.

In some embodiments where a thickener is used, the aqueous phase is preferably prepared in two parts, a first aqueous part comprising the thickener and a second aqueous part comprising water. Once prepared, the first and second aqueous parts may be blended together. Glycerol and, where an additional humectant is used, the additional humectant will typically be included in the first aqueous part. All other aqueous phase ingredients will -19 -typically be included in the second aqueous part. Each of the two aqueous parts may be prepared underthe shear and temperature conditions described above.

The non-aqueous phase may be prepared by mixing together the non-aqueous phase 5 ingredients. Ingredients which form part of the non-aqueous phase include cannabinoids. Ingredients which may also form part of the non-aqueous phase include zinc oxide (though this is dispersed rather the dissolved), emollients, emulsifiers and sunscreens.

The non-aqueous phase ingredients may be mixed together by blending under high shear, 10 e.g. at a shear rate of from 1,000 to 10,000 rpm and preferably from 2,000 to 6,000 rpm. The high shear conditions are preferably maintained until the non-aqueous phase is mixed with the aqueous phase.

The non-aqueous phase may be prepared by mixing the non-aqueous phase ingredients at elevated temperatures. The non-aqueous phase ingredients may be mixed together at a temperature of at least 50 °C, preferably at least 60 °C, and more preferably at least 65 °C. The non-aqueous phase ingredients may be mixed at a temperature of up to 90 °C, preferably up to 85 °C, and more preferably up to 80 °C. Thus, the non-aqueous phase ingredients may be mixed at a temperature of from 50 to 90 °C, preferably from 60 to 85 °C, and more preferably from 65 to 80 °C. These temperatures are preferably maintained until the non-aqueous phase is mixed with the aqueous phase.

The aqueous phase (and, if present, first aqueous part and second aqueous part) and the non-aqueous phase may be prepared in any order.

Once prepared, the phases are blended together to form an emulsion, such as an oil-inwater emulsion. VVhere a thickener is used and the aqueous phase comprises two parts, the non-aqueous phase is preferably blended with the second aqueous part to form an emulsion, and then the first aqueous part to form a stabilised emulsion.

The emulsion may be allowed to cool to a temperature of from 30 to 45 °C. Where a thickener is used, this cooling is preferably allowed to take place before the first aqueous part is added.

-20 -Any remaining ingredients may then be added. For instance, heat sensitive components such as fragrance, antioxidants and preservatives will generally not be included in the aqueous and non-aqueous phases, but will be added once an emulsion has been formed and allowed to cool.

In some embodiments, the method may comprise adjusting (e.g. where necessary, for instance where testing has shown that a desired pH level has not been achieved) the pH of the blended compositions, f or instance so that it exhibits the desired pH levels described above. This may be achieved by addition of an acid (such as citric acid) or a base (such a triethylamine).

In some embodiments, the method may comprise adjusting (e.g. where necessary, for instance where testing has shown that a desired viscosity level has not been achieved) the viscosity of the blended compositions, for instance so that it exhibits the desired viscosity levels described above. This may be achieved by addition of thickeners such as those described above.

Once the skincare compositions have been prepared, they may be introduced into a vessel, and the vessel preferably packaged in packaging.

Methods and uses The skincare compositions of the present invention may be used in methods which comprise applying the skincare composition to the skin. It will be appreciated that the skincare compositions are topical composition for application to the surface of the skin. The skincare compositions will typically be applied to the skin by hand, though they could also be delivered by an applicator or a substrate such as a pad (e.g. a cotton pad), sponge or cloth.

The skin will typically be human skin. The skincare compositions may be used on any part of the skin, but are particularly suited for use on the face and neck.

The skincare compositions may be applied to the skin daily over a long period of time such -21 -as daily at least 5 days a week for at least 4 weeks, preferably at least 6 weeks and more preferably at least 8 weeks. Particularly suited for these instances are face creams for long-term daily use, such as day creams, which may in some instances be tinted, and night creams.

Alternatively, the skincare compositions may be applied to the skin daily over a short period of time, such as daily at least 5 days a week for from 10 to 21 days. Particularly suited for these instances are intensive creams for short-term daily use where higher loadings of active ingredients enable fast results to be observed.

In another alternatively, the skincare compositions may be applied to the skin as a serum as required, e.g. such as daily at least 5 days a week for at least 1 week, or once or twice a week for at least 4 weeks. The serum may be used in combination with a face cream, in particular a face cream for long-term daily use (either day or night creams).

In some instances, the method may be a cosmetic method of enhancing the appearance of skin. Such methods may enhance the appearance of skin. Thus, also provided is the use of the skincare compositions of the present invention for improving the appearance of skin. The appearance of skin may be improved by reducing the appearance of inflammation, dryness, redness, blotching, puffiness, tightness, flaking skin and blemishes.

Packaged product The skincare compositions of the present invention may form part of a product comprising: 25 the skincare composition contained within a vessel; and packaging around the vessel. The packaging may cover part or all of the vessel.

At least one and preferably both of the packaging and vessel may be made from recycled material. At least one and preferably both of the packaging and vessel may be made from 30 a recyclable material.

In preferred embodiments, at least one and preferably both of the packaging and vessel contains material derived from hemp.

-22 -The vessel will typically contain at least 15 ml of skincare composition. The vessel may contain up to 200 ml, preferably up to 100 ml, and more preferably up to 50 ml of the skincare composition. Thus, the vessel may contain 15 to 200 ml, preferably 15 to 100 ml, and more preferably 15 to 50 ml, of the skincare composition For instance, the vessel may contain 15 ml, 30m1 or 50 ml of the skincare composition.

The vessel may be a jar; a tube such as a pump tube, a nozzled tube, or a bevelled tube; or a bottle such as a bottle with a dropper. Preferably, the vessel is an airless pump vessel, since this helps the cannabinoid to remain stable.

The vessel may be opaque or coloured to, at least partially, block the transmission of light to the skincare composition. For instance, amber glass may be used as this is particularly effective at blocking UV and blue and lower wavelength light.

The vessel may be made of a wide variety of materials. For instance, the vessel may comprise plastic, such as poly(propylene), or glass such as recycled glass. The vessel is preferably substantially free from bisphenol A (BPA).

The packaging which, at least partially, surrounds the vessel may take a variety of shapes. 20 The packaging may be a carton, for instance a cardboard carton.

The following non-limiting Examples illustrate the present invention. Examples Example 1: skincare compositions The following oil-in-water emulsion skincare compositions were prepared: -23 -Type of product Face cream for long- Tinted face cream Intensive cream for Serum term daily use (day for long-term daily short-term daily use and night creams) use Ingredients ( A by weight) Oil phase 22% Emollient 10% Emollient 2% Emulsifier 1% Emulsifier 0.4% CBD isolate 0.9% CBD isolate 6% CBD isolate 5% Zinc oxide (Z-coteCgi) 1% Zinc oxide (Z- 1% Zinc oxide (Z-coteM cotei2)) Sunscreensto achieve Sunscreens to SPF 15 in day cream achieve SPF 15 but not night cream Aqueous phase 10% Glycerol 5% Glycerol 4% Aloe 3% Niacinamide I 5% Niacinamide 5% Niacinamide 0.5% Water-dispersible CBD (20% CBD content) 5% Water-dispersible CBD (20% CBDcontent) 0.5% Thickener I 0.4% Thickener 0.3% Thickener Water (to 100%) Other 1% Preservative 0.5% Anti-oxidant Fragrance <2% I Micas <0.04°/D I I Example 2: methods for preparing the skincare compositions The skincare compositions of Example 1 were prepared by a method in which the oil phase 5 was prepared by mixing the ingredients at a temperature between 70 and 80 °C under high shear conditions. High shear was maintained until the oil phase was used.

The aqueous phase was prepared in two parts. The first part was prepared by mixing xantham gum with glycerol at a temperature of about 70 °C under high shear conditions of 2,000 rpm. The second part was prepared by mixing the remaining aqueous phase ingredients at a temperature between 70 and 80 °C under high shear conditions High shear was maintained in both parts of the aqueous phase until used.

-24 -The oil phase was slowly added to the second part of the aqueous phase while maintaining high shear to form an oil-in-water emulsion. The mixture was allowed to cool to 40 °C before the aqueous phase first phase was added to form a stable oil-in-water emulsion under high shear conditions of 2,000 rpm.

The remaining ingredients were added under high shear conditions of 2,000 rpm.

The pH of the formulations was tested and found to be within the target range of 6 to 7.

Claims

-25 -Claims: 1. A skincare composition comprising: a cannabinoid; vitamin B3; and glycerol.
2. The skincare composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition comprises an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase, and preferably wherein the composition is in the form of an emulsion.
3. The skincare composition of Claim 2, wherein the aqueous phase represents from 55 to 95 %, preferably from 60 to 90 %, and more preferably from 65 to 85 %, by weight of the composition.
The skincare composition of Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein a cannabinoid is present in both the aqueous and non-aqueous phases.
The skincare composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition comprises a gel network, and preferably wherein the composition comprises xanthan gum.
The skincare composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition exhibits a sun protection factor (SPF) rating of at least 10, e.g. an SPF rating of 15, 30 or 50 and preferably an SPF rating of 15.
7. The skincare composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition is tinted, and preferably where the skincare composition comprises minerals such as micas and/or iron oxides.
8. The skincare composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition comprises the cannabinoid in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 ck, preferably from 0.2 to 10 %, and more preferably from 0.3 to 8 %, by weight of the composition.
-26 - 9. The skincare composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition comprises glycerol in an amount of up to 30 °A, such as from 1 to 20 °A, preferably from 3 to 18 cro, and more preferably from 4 to 15 °A), by weight of the composition.
10. The skincare composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition further comprises an additional humectant other than glycerol, wherein the additional humectant is preferably selected from organic acids and alcohols.
11. The skincare composition of any preceding claim, wherein the vitamin B3 is niacinamide.
12. The skincare composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition comprises vitamin B3 in an amount of from 0.5 to 10%, preferably from 1 to 7%, and more preferably from 2 to 6 °A, by weight of the composition.
13. The skincare composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition comprises zinc oxide, preferably in the form of nanoparticulate zinc oxide, e.g. 7-Cote®.
14. The skincare composition of claim 13, wherein the composition comprises the zinc oxide in an amount of up to 15 °A, such as from 0.3 to 3 °A, preferably from 0.5 to 2 °A, and more preferably from 0.8 to 1.5 °A, by weight of the composition.
15. The skincare composition of any preceding claim, wherein the pH of the composition is from 5.5 to 8.0, preferably 6.0 to 7.5, and more preferably 6.2 to 7.0.
16. The skincare composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition comprises the cannabinoid, vitamin B3 and glycerol in a combined amount of at least 8 °A, by weight, more preferably at least 10 °A by weight, and more preferably at least 12 % by weight.
17. A method of preparing the skincare composition of any preceding claim, said method comprising blending a cannabinoid, vitamin B3 and glycerol.
-27 - 18. The method of Claim 17, wherein the method comprises: preparing an aqueous phase; preparing a non-aqueous phase; and blending the aqueous and non-aqueous phases together, preferably to form an emulsion.
19. The method of Claim 17 or Claim 18, wherein the method furthercomprises at least one of the following steps: adjusting the pH of the blended composition; and adjusting the viscosity the blended composition.
20. A method which comprises applying the skincare composition of any of Claims 1 to 16 to the skin.
21. A cosmetic method of enhancing the appearance of skin, said method comprising applying the skincare composition of any of Claims 1 to 16 to the skin.
22. A cosmetic use of a skincare composition of any of Claims 1 to 16 for enhancing the appearance of skin.
23. The cosmetic method of Claim 21 or the cosmetic use of Claim 22, wherein the appearance of skin is improved by reducing the appearance of inflammation, dryness, redness, blotching, puffiness, tightness, flaking skin and blemishes.
24. A product comprising: a skincare composition of any of Claims 1 to 16, contained within a vessel; and packaging around the vessel, wherein at least one of the packaging and vessel preferably contains material derived from hemp.
25. The product of Claim 24, wherein the vessel is opaque or coloured to, at least partially, block the transmission of light to the skincare composition.