GB2612399A - Method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well - Google Patents
Method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, comprising the following steps: obtain the reservoir geological parameters, fracturing construction parameters, perforation cluster parameters, and temporary plugging and diverting parameters; perform a calculation of the next time step until the fracturing time ends, and determine the particle size of the temporary plugging ball.
Description
METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE PARTICLE SIZE OF
TEMPORARY PLUGGING BALLS FOR FRACTURE-OPENING
DIVERTING FRACTURING IN DEEP SHALE GAS HORIZONTAL
WELL
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] the present invention relates to a method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, belonging to the technical field of shale gas development.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal well is characterized by large number of perforation clusters and small cluster spacing, which can enlarge the fracture network volume to a certain extent and improve the complexity of fracture network. However, due to the close distance between hydraulic fractures during fracturing, there is significant stress interference effect in the process of propagation, leading to competition among hydraulic fractures, varying propagation speeds and great difference in propagation length, which seriously affects the fracturing stimulation effect of deep shale gas horizontal well. Therefore, it is usually necessary to combine the fracture-opening diverting technology during the fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal well, that is, temporary plugging balls are pumped during fracturing to plug the perforation holes with the faster fracture propagation, so as to reduce the inflow rate of fracturing fluid at the fracture openings, slow down the propagation speed, and finally achieve the purpose of uniform propagation of all fractures. [0003] At present, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out relevant research on fracture-opening diverting fracturing of horizontal wells. Gong Wei (2017), Ding Bangchun (2018) and Xia Haibang (2020) carried out the field application of fracture-opening diverting fracturing technology for horizontal wells in Gaoshiti-Moxi block, Sulige Gas Field and South Sichuan shale gas block respectively. Combined with logging and microseismic monitoring methods, they confirmed that some temporary plugging balls are capable of plugging the perforation holes. Jin Zhirong (2019), Lv Ruihua (2020), Liu Mingming (2020), and Han Huifen (2021) established a mathematical model for migration and perforation hole setting of temporary plugging balls in the wellbore, which can optimize the fracturing displacement design when the temporary plugging balls are pumped. Zhang Fens (2020), Chen Ming (2020), Zhou Tong (2020) and Chen Zhao (2021) combined the migration and setting model of temporary plugging balls with the fracture propagation model of shale gas fracture network fracturing to quantitatively analyze the influence of the number of temporary plugging balls, the timing of temporary plugging and the number of temporary plugging on the fracturing effect, and then developed a set of methods for optimizing the parameters of temporary plugging balls.
[0004] To sum up, the current research on fracture-opening diverting fracturing of horizontal wells mainly focuses on the simulation of hydraulic fracture propagation in the case of plugging various perforation clusters with temporary plugging balls, which can be used to optimize the design of parameters such as number of temporary plugging balls, timing of temporary plugging, number of temporary plugging and displacement of temporary plugging. However, the gradual change of hole diameter caused by continuous perforation erosion by proppant is not considered during the fracture-opening diverting fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal well. Therefore, it is impossible to determine the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster at the time of temporary plugging, so the temporary plugging balls with appropriate particle size cannot be selected to effectively plug the perforation holes. As a result, there is still some blindness in the fracture-opening diverting fracturing design and process optimization of deep shale gas horizontal well.
[0005] To address this situation, it is urgent to establish a method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, which will further improve the scientific and targeted design of fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, and improve the fracturing stimulation effect of deep shale gas.
SUMMARY
[0006] To overcome the problems in prior art, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, which solves the problem that there is no quantitative optimization method for the particle size of temporary plugging balls in the fracture-opening diverting fracturing process of deep shale gas horizontal well, considering the dynamic change of the diameter of each perforation cluster.
[0007] The technical solution provided by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, including the following steps: [0008] Step 1: Obtain the reservoir geological parameters, fracturing construction parameters, perforation cluster parameters, and temporary plugging and diverting parameters; [0009] Step 2: Based on the fluid-structure interaction theory, establish a multi-cluster fracture propagation model for fracture-opening diverting fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal well, and calculate the propagation length, propagation height, propagation openness and in-fracture pressure of each hydraulic fracture; [0010] Step 3: Based on the fluid mechanics theory, establish a perforation hole plugging model of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, and calculate the flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore, the probability of perforation hole plugging by temporary plugging balls, the number of perforation clusters plugged by temporary plugging balls and the remaining number of effective holes in each perforation cluster; [0011] Step 4: Based on the friction mechanics theory, establish a dynamic abrasion model of perforation holes for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in the deep shale gas horizontal well, and calculate the flow velocity and diameter of each perforation hole; [0012] Step 5: Take the flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore and the number of remaining effective holes in each perforation cluster calculated in Step 3 as well as the diameter of perforation holes calculated in Step 4 as an initial condition for the next time step; and repeat Step 2 to 4 for the calculation of the next time step until the fracturing time ends, and respectively draw the multi-cluster fracture propagation diagram of fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, the diagram of the number of effective holes in each perforation cluster changing with time and the diagram of the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster changing with time; [00E] Step 6: Based on the diagram of the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster changing with time, determine the particle size of the temporary plugging ball.
[0014] The further technical solution is that: the reservoir geological parameters include the minimum horizontal principal stress of formation, fracture toughness of rock in formation, Young's modulus of rock in formation, and Poisson's ratio of rock in formation; [0015] The fracturing construction parameters include fracturing displacement, fracturing fluid volume, fracturing time, fracturing fluid viscosity, fracturing fluid filtration coefficient, fracturing fluid density, and average concentration of fracturing injection proppant; [0016] The perforation cluster parameters include the number of perforation clusters, number of perforation holes in single cluster and diameter of perforation hole; [0017] The temporary plugging and diverting parameters include the density of temporary plugging ball, total number of temporary plugging balls pumped, pumping time of temporary plugging balls and perforation diverting flow coefficient.
[01118] The further technical solution is that: the multi-cluster fracture propagation model of fracture-opening diverting fracturing in horizontal deep shale gas wells includes the equation of fluid flow in a single fracture, the equation of material balance of single fracture propagation, fracture height equation, fracture openness equation, fracture propagation boundary condition and initial condition equation.
[0019] The further technical solution is that: the equation of fluid flow in a single fracture is as follows: ( s, t 64,u [0020] =q3 (s, (1) aS' ;Thy (OH, (s* i)] [0021] Where, p,(s,t) -Fluid pressure at the position s in the fracture i at the time oft, in Pa; c p(s,t) -Flow rate at the position s in the fracture i at the time oft, in m3/s; h,(s,t) -Height at the position s in the fracture i at the time of t, in m; w,(s,t) -Openness at the position s in the fracture i at the time of t, in m; s, -Coordinates of the fracture i in the length direction, in m; p -Fracturing fluid viscosity, in Pa. s; [0022] The equation of material balance of single fracture propagation is as follows: [0023] (:'61' (s't) - Thv (s t) (s,t)h,(s,t)-E h,(s,t) (2) es et [0024] Including: [0025] thi(s,t) Tt(S) [0026] Where, qL,,(s,t) -Fracturing fluid filtration rate, in m/s; CL -Fracturing fluid filtration coefficient, in m/s"; I -Fracturing time, in s; Tr -Start time of filtration of the fracture i at the position s, in s; [0027] The fracture height equation is as follows: 212/CL (3) [0028] hi( ) 2 (1) (s, -ch) (4) [0029] Where, KIL -Fracture toughness of rock in the formation, in Pa m"; au -Minimum horizontal principal stress of formation, in Pa; [0030] The fracture openness equation is as follows: [0031] es t)= 7-/-(1-v1/2,(s,t)Ep, (s,')-j (5) 2E [0032] Where, v -Poisson's ratio, dimensionless; E -Young's modulus, in Pa; [0033] The fracture propagation boundary condition and initial condition equation is as follows: cj (s, = Qi(t) p; (s,t)b, = 0 [0034] L, (tto = o (6) 1(2, (t)= [0035] Where, 0,(0 -Opening flow of the fracture i at the time of t, in m3/min; Li(I) -Half length of the fracture i at the time of t, in m; OT -Fracturing displacement, in m3/min.
[0036] The further technical solution is that: the perforation hole plugging model of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well includes the equation of flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore, the equation of flow distribution of each hole in the perforation cluster, the equation of probability of perforation hole plugging by temporary plugging balls and the equation of number of perforation clusters plugged by temporary plugging balls.
[0037] The further technical solution is that: the equation of flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore is as follows: Phed = APpf., AP,Nk Ap =p,(0,t)+o-" q, P Ap = 0.808 2 4 n d cepf pf pf 1 28p ÷ APwi ri4 qw,k Ina." fc=1 k 1 qw,N.J QT gcl,t t=1 = QT (7) [0038] [0039] Where, meet -Heel pressure of horizontal well, in Pa; pfi,, -Pressure in the first unit of the fracture i, in Pa; Appf" -Friction pressure drop at the perforation hole in the cluster i, in Pa; Amy,' -Pressure drop along the horizontal section between the perforation cluster i and the perforation cluster i-1, in Pa; npf,, -Number of perforation holes in the cluster i, in No.; dpf., -Diameter of the perforation holes in the cluster i, in m; apf -Hole flow coefficient, generally taken as 0.85, dimensionless; p -Fracturing fluid density, in kg/m3; -Length of the horizontal section between the perforation cluster i and the perforation cluster i-1, in m; qv,j -Flow in the horizontal section between the perforation cluster i and the perforation cluster i-1, in m3/s; qel,i -Flow of cluster i, mmely the opening flow of the fracture i, in m3/s; Net -Number of perforation clusters, in No.; dw -Diameter of horizontal wellbore, in m.
[0040] The equation of flow distribution of each hole in the perforation cluster is as follows: [0041] -Ptil -Jet Act, [0042] Where, cipr,i (8) -Flow of perforation hole j in the perforation cluster r, in m7s, -Total c 1,i number of perforation holes in the cluster i, in No [0043] The equation of probability of perforation hole plugging by temporary plugging balls is as follows: [0044] t, e (9) blocks 6/ lir,/ .cliverti qprAlivertU +flu,/ I Pdwert Pfluid = max 1 Amid [0045] jdi,e (10) [0046] Where, fitock,i -probability of the perforation hole/ plugging by temporary plugging balls, dimensionless; _--divert,i -diverting flow coefficient of the perforation hole j, representing the difficulty of diverting the temporary plugging balls at the perforation hole, taken as 0 -1, dimensionless; qw," -Flow in the horizontal section at the downstream of the perforation hole j, in tn'ts; pdiveft, -Density of temporary plugging ball, in kg/m', p fluid, -Fracturing fluid density, in kg/m3; [0047] The equation of number of perforation clusters plugged by temporary plugging balls is as follows: [0048] Block, = / Aback _ /el Mune! =M dived,(1 Afeffectre = N -MBlocki [0049] Where, /17/dived,' -Number of remaining temporary plugging balls at the position of the cluster i in the horizontal wellbore, in No.; Mblock,z -Number of perforation holes plugged in the cluster i, in No.; illtst -Total number of temporary plugging balls pumped, in No.; Niefreettve,, -Number of remaining temporary plugging balls at the position of the cluster i, in No. [0050] The further technical solution is that: the dynamic abrasion model of perforation holes for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in the deep shale gas horizontal well includes the perforation hole flow velocity equation and the perforation hole diameter equation.
[0051] The further technical solution is that: the perforation hole flow velocity equation is as follows: 4(kj [0052] vi (12) /VP, trc./p2,,, [0053] Where, v, -Flow velocity of the perforation hole i, in m/s, c/pfj -Diameter of the perforation holes in the cluster], in m; [0054] The perforation hole diameter equation is as follows: öd (13) [0055] pc" =1.07 x10-13C11v2 [0056] Where, C -Average concentration of proppant injected for fracturing, in kg/m3.
[0057] The further technical solution is that: in Step 6: based on the diagram of the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster changing with time, determine the diameter of maximum perforation holes in each perforation cluster, select the particle size of temporary plugging balls and ensure that the particle size of temporary plugging balls is 1.2 times as large as the diameter of maximum perforation hole in each perforation cluster.
[0058] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: [0059] 1. According to the characteristics of fracture-opening diverting fracturing technology, the multi-cluster fracture propagation model, the model of perforation hole plugged by temporary plugging balls and the dynamic abrasion model of perforation holes were established so as to provide a method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well; [0060] 2. As this method comprehensively considers the gradual change of hole diameter caused by continuous perforation erosion by proppant in the fracture-opening diverting fracturing process of deep shale gas horizontal well, appropriate particle size of temporary plugging balls can be selected according to the hole diameter when temporary plugging agent is pumped to achieve effective plugging of perforation holes. It solves the problem of lacking quantitative optimization method for particle size of temporary plugging balls in the fracture-opening diverting fracturing process of deep shale gas horizontal well.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0061] FIG 1 is the calculation process diagram of the present invention, [0062] FIG. 2 is the propagation diagram of multi-cluster fractures during the fracture-opening diverting fracturing of a deep shale gas horizontal well in the present invention; [0063] FIG. 3 is the diagram of the number of effective holes in each perforation cluster changing with time during the fracture-opening diverting fracturing of a deep shale gas horizontal well in the present invention; [0064] FIG. 4 is the diagram of the diameter of each perforation cluster changing with time during the fracture-opening diverting fracturing of a deep shale gas horizontal well in the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0065] In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described expressly and integrally in conjunction with the appended figures of the embodiments of the present invention. It is clear that the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. According to the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0066] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. "Include" or "comprise" and other similar words used in the present disclosure mean that the components or objects before the word cover the components or objects listed after the word and its equivalents, but do not exclude other components or objects. "Up", "Down", "Left", "Right", etc. are only used to indicate the relative position relationship, and when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.
[0067] As shown in FIG. 1, a method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well as stated in the present invention includes the following steps: [0068] Step 1: Obtain the reservoir geological parameters, fracturing construction parameters, perforation cluster parameters, and temporary plugging and diverting parameters; [0069] The reservoir geological parameters include the minimum horizontal principal stress of formation, fracture toughness of rock in formation, Young's modulus of rock in formation, and Poisson's ratio of rock in formation; [0070] The fracturing construction parameters include fracturing displacement, fracturing fluid volume, fracturing time, fracturing fluid viscosity, fracturing fluid filtration coefficient, fracturing fluid density, and average concentration of fracturing injection proppant, [0071] The perforation cluster parameters include the number of perforation clusters, number of perforation holes in single cluster and diameter of perforation hole; [0072] The temporary plugging and diverting parameters include the density of temporary plugging ball, total number of temporary plugging balls pumped, pumping time of temporary plugging balls and perforation diverting flow coefficient; [0073] Step 2: Based on the fluid-structure interaction theory, establish a multi-cluster fracture propagation model for fracture-opening diverting fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal well, and calculate the propagation length, propagation height, propagation openness and in-fracture pressure of each hydraulic fracture; [0074] The multi-cluster fracture propagation model of fracture-opening diverting fracturing in horizontal deep shale gas wells includes the equation of fluid flow in a single fracture, the equation of material balance of single fracture propagation, fracture height equation, fracture openness equation, fracture propagation boundary condition and initial condition equation; [0075] The equation of fluid flow in a single fracture is as follows: (s, 64,u [0076] - (1) as, nth, (OH, (s, 1)1, q, (k) [0077] Where, p -Fluid pressure at the position s in the fracture i at the time oft, in Pa; c p(s,I) -Flow rate at the position s in the fracture i at the time of t, in m3/s; J(s,t) -Height at the position s in the fracture i at the time of t, in m; wi(s,/) -Openness at the position s in the fracture i at the time of 1, in m; s, -Coordinates of the fracture i in the length direction, in m; p -Fracturing fluid viscosity, in Pa. s; [0078] The equation of material balance of single fracture propagation is as follows: fl (s, 12ii) (s,i) [0079] - (s,t) hi (s, 0+ h,(s,t) (2) [0080] Including: [0081] 'Li (sit) - (3) -(s) [0082] Where, cp_,(5.,/) -Fracturing fluid filtration rate, in m/s; CL -Fracturing fluid filtration coefficient, in m/s°.5; t -Fracturing time, in s; ii -Start time of filtration of the fracture i at the position s, in s; [0083] The fracture height equation is as follows: 21/C, [0084] Ii, -K (p, (s,t)-h) (4) [0085] Where, Kic -Fracture toughness of rock in the formation, in Pa*m°-5; GI, Minimum horizontal principal stress of formation, in Pa; [0086] The fracture openness equation is as follows: R-(1-(1h, (s,t)Lp, (s, 1)-cr"1 [0087] (s, t) = (5) 2E [0088] Where, v -Poisson's ratio, dimensionless; E -Young's modulus, in Pa; [0089] The fracture propagation boundary condition and initial condition equation is as follows: (s, = Q (t) (6) es, ELT, = 0 [0090] (01 = i=o [0091] Where, Q,(t) -Opening flow of the fracture i at the time of t, in m3/min; L,(t) -Half length of the fracture i at the time oft, in m; OT -Fracturing displacement, in m3/min; [0092] Step 3: Based on the fluid mechanics theory, establish a perforation hole plugging model of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, and calculate the flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore, the probability of perforation hole plugging by temporary plugging balls, the number of perforation clusters plugged by temporary plugging balls and the remaining number of effective holes in each perforation cluster; [0093] The perforation hole plugging model of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well includes the equation of flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore, the equation of flow distribution of each hole in the perforation cluster, the equation of probability of perforation hole plugging by temporary plugging balls and the equation of number of perforation clusters plugged by temporary plugging balls; [0094] The equation of flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore is as follows: Ned = Ph, APpt,, APIN,k k=1 (0,t)+c, cep Appt, = 0.808 n2 6/4 ff.! pf lutpf 128p ÷, j-'w kg 1 - gel 1=1 Clw,kitel1.2 (7) [0095] q".1= Of [0096] Where, phut -Heel pressure of horizontal well, in Pa; ft,7 -Pressure in the first unit of the fracture in Pa, Appf,, -Friction pressure drop at the perforation hole in the cluster i, in Pa, Ap,,,i -Pressure drop along the horizontal section between the perforation cluster i and the perforation cluster i-1, in Pa; -Number of perforation holes in the cluster i, in No.; di -Diameter of the perforation holes in the cluster i, in m; apc -Hole flow coefficient, generally taken as 0.85, dimensionless; p -Fracturing fluid density, in kg/m3; L,1 -Length of the horizontal section between the perforation cluster i and the perforation cluster i-1, in m; qw,./ -Flow in the horizontal section between the perforation cluster i and the perforation cluster i-1, in m3/s qcl, -Flow of cluster i, namely the opening flow of the fracture i, in m3/s; Net -Number of perforation clusters, in No.; d -Diameter of horizontal wellbore, in m.
[0097] The equation of flow distribution of each hole in the perforation cluster is as follows: q (LA, (8) [0098] ar --"? Lei Arco [0099] Where, qp(,/[,, -Flow of perforation hole/ in the perforation cluster i, in m3/s; Npr,./ -Total number of perforation holes in the cluster i, in No. [00100] The equation of probability of perforation hole plugging by temporary plugging balls is as follows: divo [an.koo riti (9) qprAdiverti+q, IPliI\ CT Prill, Pfluid [00102] 4 (10) -.diverts max [00103] Where,fithay -probability of the perforation hole' plugging by temporary plugging balls, dimensionless; ctdiven,, -diverting flow coefficient of the perforation hole.j, representing the difficulty of diverting the temporary plugging balls at the perforation hole, taken as 0 -1, dimensionless; q, -Flow in the horizontal section at the downstream of the perforation hole/ in m3/s; paivert -Density of temporary plugging ball, in kg/m3; pflurid, -Fracturing fluid density, in kg/m3; [00104] The equation of number of perforation clusters plugged by temporary plugging balls is as follows: "div "Block,, [00105] "Block, Eft * divei "-total i4diveit,0 = N A'Ieffective,i pt "Block.: [00106] Where, Aidnen,, -Number of remaining temporary plugging balls at the position of the cluster 1 in the horizontal wellbore, in No., Mblock,t -Number of perforation holes plugged in the cluster i, in No.; Mtotal -Total number of temporary plugging balls pumped, in No.; Meffective,7 -Number of remaining temporary plugging balls at the position of the duster i, in No.; [00107] Step 4: Based on the friction mechanics theory, establish a dynamic abrasion model of perforation holes for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in the deep shale gas horizontal well, and calculate the flow velocity and diameter of each perforation hole; [00108] The dynamic abrasion model of perforation holes for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in the deep shale gas horizontal well includes the perforation hole flow velocity equation and the perforation hole diameter equation; [00109] The perforation hole flow velocity equation is as follows: 4q [00110] V,- (12) N 7v, 2 pf,/ [00111] Where, v, -Flow velocity of the perforation hole i, in m/s; dpr,, -Diameter of the perforation holes in the cluster j, in m; [00112] The perforation hole diameter equation is as follows: [00113] Pfl -1,07x10 1'ev2 (13) Dr [00114] Where, C-Average concentration of proppant injected for fracturing, in kg/ml; [00115] Step 5: Take the flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore and the number of remaining effective holes in each perforation cluster calculated in Step 3 as well as the diameter of perforation holes calculated in Step 4 as an initial condition for the next time step; and repeat Step 2 to 4 for the calculation of the next time step until the fracturing time ends, and respectively draw the multi-cluster fracture propagation diagram of fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, the diagram of the number of effective holes in each perforation cluster changing with time and the diagram of the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster changing with time; [00116] Step 6: Based on the diagram of the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster changing with time, determine the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster when the temporary plugging balls are pumped, select the particle size of temporary plugging balls and ensure that the particle size of temporary plugging balls is 1.2 times as large as the diameter of maximum perforation hole in each perforation cluster.
[00117] Embodiment [00118] The actual parameters of a typical deep shale gas well field are shown in Table 1, and the example calculation is carried out according to the process in FIG. 1: [00H9] Table 1 Actual parameter of a deep shale gas well field Parameter Parameters Value Unit type Reservoir Minimum horizontal principal 92.84 MPa geological stress of formation parameters Fracture toughness of rock in 35.4 MPamm°-5 formation Young's modulus of rock in 40.7 GPa formation Poisson's ratio of rock in 0.222 Dimensionless formation Fracturing Fracturing displacement 16.5 m3/min construction parameters Fracturing fluid volume 1817 m Fracturing time 110 min Fracturing fluid viscosity 3 mPa s Fracturing fluid filtration 0.000084 m/(e5) coefficient Fracturing fluid density 1000 kg/m3 Average concentration of 82.5 kg/m3 fracturing injection proppant Perforation Number of perforation clusters 4 No. cluster parameters Number of perforation holes in 8 No, single duster Diameter of perforation hole 9.5 mm Temporary Density of temporary plugging 1000 kg/m3 plugging and balls diverting parameters Total number of temporary 12 No. plugging balls pumped for the first time The first pumping time of 43 min temporary plugging balls Total number of temporary 12 No, plugging balls pumped for the second time The second pumping time of 88 min temporary plugging balls Diverting flow coefficient of 0.95 Dimensionless perforation holes [00120] First, based on the fluid-structure interaction theory, establish a multi-cluster fracture propagation model of fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well and calculate the propagation condition of each hydraulic fracture in Embodiment 1 according to the following equations: [00121] The specific steps are that: by taking the finite difference method, use the Equations (1) -(6) to calculate the propagation length, propagation height and propagation openness of each hydraulic fracture as well as in-fracture pressure in the fracture-opening diverting fracturing process of deep shale gas horizontal well.
[00122] Then based on the fluid mechanics theory, establish a perforation hole plugging model of fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, and calculate the changes in flow of each perforation cluster and number of remaining effective holes in Embodiment 1 according to the following equations: [00123] The specific steps are that: By taking the Newton iteration method, use the Equations (7) -(11) to calculate the flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore in the fracture-opening diverting fracturing process of deep shale gas horizontal well, the probability of perforation hole plugging by temporary plugging balls, the number of perforation clusters plugged by temporary plugging balls and the number of remaining effective holes in each perforation cluster, and update the number of perforation holes in each perforation cluster; substitute the flow of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore into the Equation (6) to update the opening flow of each fracture and use it as an initial condition for the calculation of multi-cluster fracture propagation model in the next step.
[00124] Then based on the friction mechanics theory, establish a dynamic abrasion model of perforation holes for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, and calculate the changes in diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster in Embodiment 1 according to the following equations: [00125] The specific steps are that: By taking the differential equation solution method, use the Equations (12) -(13) to calculate the flow velocity and diameter of each perforation hole in the fracture-opening diverting fracturing process of deep shale gas horizontal well, and substitute the diameter of each perforation hole into the Equation (7) to update the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster and calculate the opening flow of each fracture in the next step.
[00126] Then carry out example calculation according to the block diagram of value calculation process for the method of the present invention as shown in FTG. 1, and respectively draw the multi-cluster fracture propagation diagram of fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well (Refer to FIG. 2), the diagram of the number of effective holes in each perforation cluster changing with time (Refer to FIG. 3) and the diagram of the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster changing with time (Refer to FIG. 4) according to the calculation results. [00127] Finally, based on the diagram of the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster changing with time, determine the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster when the temporary plugging balls are pumped, select the particle size of temporary plugging balls and ensure that the particle size of temporary plugging balls is 1.2 times as large as the diameter of maximum perforation hole in each perforation cluster, as shown in Table 2.
[00128] Table 2 Preferred values for particle size of temporary plugging balls and diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster when the temporary plugging balls are pumped Number of temporary plugging The first The second time time Temporary plugging time (mm) 43th 88th Diameter of perforation holes Cluster 1 12.25 14.82 (mm) Cluster 2 9.80 11.99 Cluster 3 9.80 11.99 Cluster 4 12.25 14.82 Maximum value 12.25 14.82 1.2 times the diameter of maximum perforation hole (mm) 14.70 17.78 Preferred particle size of temporary plugging balls (mm) 15 18 [00129] Based on the above calculation process and results, 12 temporary plugging balls with a particle size of 15 mm can be pumped for the first time at the 43RI minute in the fracture-opening diverting fracturing process of this deep shale gas horizontal well and then another 12 temporary plugging balls with a particle size of 18 mm can be pumped for the second time at the 88" minute to realize the effective plugging of perforation holes and promote the uniform propagation of each fracture.
[00130] The above are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art, within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can use the disclosed technical content to make a few changes or modify the equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. Within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still regarded as a part of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
- What is claimed is: 1. A method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Obtain the reservoir geological parameters, fracturing construction parameters, perforation cluster parameters, and temporary plugging and diverting parameters; Step 2: Based on the fluid-structure interaction theory, establish a multi-cluster fracture propagation model for fracture-opening diverting fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal well, and calculate the propagation length, propagation height, propagation openness and in-fracture pressure of each hydraulic fracture; Step 3: Based on the fluid mechanics theory, establish a perforation hole plugging model of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, and calculate the flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore, the probability of perforation hole plugging by temporary plugging balls, the number of perforation clusters plugged by temporary plugging balls and the remaining number of effective holes in each perforation cluster; Step 4: Based on the friction mechanics theory, establish a dynamic abrasion model of perforation holes for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in the deep shale gas horizontal well, and calculate the flow velocity and diameter of each perforation hole; Step 5: Take the flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore and the number of remaining effective holes in each perforation cluster calculated in Step 3 as well as the diameter of perforation holes calculated in Step 4 as an initial condition for the next time step; and repeat Step 2 to 4 for the calculation of the next time step until the fracturing time ends, and respectively draw the multi-cluster fracture propagation diagram of fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well, the diagram of the number of effective holes in each perforation cluster changing with time and the diagram of the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster changing with time; Step 6: Based on the diagram of the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster changing with time, determine the particle size of the temporary plugging ball.
- 2. The method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well according to Claim 1, wherein the reservoir geological parameters include the minimum horizontal principal stress of formation, fracture toughness of rock in formation, Young's modulus of rock in formation, and Poisson's ratio of rock in formation The fracturing construction parameters include fracturing displacement, fracturing fluid volume, fracturing time, fracturing fluid viscosity, fracturing fluid filtration coefficient, fracturing fluid density, and average concentration of fracturing injection proppant; The perforation cluster parameters include the number of perforation clusters, number of perforation holes in single cluster and diameter of perforation hole; The temporary plugging and diverting parameters include the density of temporary plugging ball, total number of temporary plugging balls pumped, pumping time of temporary plugging balls and perforation diverting flow coefficient.
- 3. The method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well according to Claim 1, wherein the multi-cluster fracture propagation model of fracture-opening diverting fracturing in horizontal deep shale gas wells includes the equation of fluid flow in a single fracture, the equation of material balance of single fracture propagation, fracture height equation, fracture openness equation, fracture propagation boundary condition and initial condition equation.
- 4. The method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well according to Claim 3, wherein the equation of fluid flow in a single fracture is as follows: R-12, (OH (s t) 73 (IT (S' ) (1) Where, p,(s,t) -Fluid pressure at the position s in the fracture i at the time of t, in Pa; q,(s,t) -Flow rate at the position s in the fracture i at the time of t, in &is; h i(s,t) -Height at the position s in the fracture i at the time of I, in m; wi(s,i) -Openness at the position s in the fracture i at the time of t, in m; s, -Coordinates of the fracture i in the length direction, in m; p -Fracturing fluid viscosity, in Pa's; The equation of material balance of single fracture propagation is as follows: (s = q, , t) h, (s,t)+ ,h, (s, t) (2) 2 * Including: 2h.0Lsit -r, (s) Where, q,(s,t) -Fracturing fluid filtration rate, in m/s; (1 -Fracturing fluid filtration coefficient, in m/s° 5; I -Fracturing time, in s; ri -Start time of filtration of the fracture i at the position s, in s; The fracture height equation is as follows: 2 (4) 17, (s t) V ir[, ("s, t)-u ", (s, t) 64,tt (3) Where, Kic -Fracture toughness of rock in the formation, in Pain'.5; ah -Minimum horizontal principal stress of formation, in Pa; The fracture openness equation is as follows: rt-- hi (.s.,)Ep, (s,t)-chJ (s,t) = (5) Where, v -Poisson's ratio, dimensionless; E -Young's modulus, in Pa; The fracture propagation boundary condition and initial condition equation is as follows: (6) Where, a(t) -Opening flow of the fracture i at the time of t, in m3/min; Li(t) -Half length of the fracture i at the time of t, in m; QT -Fracturing displacement, in m3/min.
- 5. The method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well according to Claim 1, wherein the perforation hole plugging model of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well includes the equation of flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore, the equation of flow distribution of each hole in the perforation cluster, the equation of probability of perforation hole plugging by temporary plugging balls and the equation of number of perforation clusters plugged by temporary plugging balls.
- 6. The method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well according to Claim 5, wherein the equation of flow distribution of each perforation cluster in the horizontal wellbore is as follows: PI,ed APIA, A/ (7) )1v,k k -1 =p, (0,0 +al, h(-P Allief = 0'808 n2 d4 pf,z"pf.z 128p AP"J L 4 wk trti" k=i qw.k Let1,2, 1. q°11 t=1QT
- Where, p heel -Heel pressure of horizontal well, in Pa; pn,, -Pressure in the first unit of the fracture i, in Pa; Appr,, -Friction pressure drop at the perforation hole in the cluster i, in Pa; Apw,j -Pressure drop along the horizontal section between the perforation cluster i and the perforation cluster i-1, in Pa; npfi -Number of perforation holes in the cluster in No.; Cipfk -Diameter of the perforation holes in the cluster i, in m; apr -Hole flow coefficient, generally taken as 0.85, dimensionless; p -Fracturing fluid density, in kg/m3; L,1 -Length of the horizontal section between the perforation cluster! and the perforation cluster i-1, in m; qv,/ -Flow in the horizontal section between the perforation cluster i and the perforation cluster i-1, in m3/s; yet,' -Flow of cluster i, namely the opening flow of the fracture i, in m3/s; Net -Number of perforation clusters, in No.; dw -Diameter of horizontal wellbore, in m; The equation of flow distribution of each hole in the perforation cluster is as follows: Npf,i (8) Where, qpr,,b,_, -Flow of perforation hole j in the perforation cluster i, in m3/s; Npfct -Total number of perforation holes in the cluster i, in No.; The equation of probability of perforation hole plugging by temporary plugging balls is as follows: di yen Lock" - pfd Sdivert,/ , 0 (9) = max (10) gift/ .11iNcrti ±q-wi Pdivat Pfkild 1 I Where, jebiock,i -probability of the perforation hole j plugging by temporary plugging balls, dimensionless; jilivert,/ -diverting flow coefficient of the perforation hole j, representing the difficulty of diverting the temporary plugging balls at the perforation hole, taken as 0 -1, dimensionless; qw,j -Flow in the horizontal section at the downstream of the perforation hole j, in -Density of temporary plugging ball, in kg/m3; -Fracturing fluid density, in kg/m 3; The equation of number of perforation clusters plugged by temporary plugging balls is as follows: divot t- = Azickva Block,/ MBlock,i LI iblock,i. Mdiverti = Meffective,/ = Apf,i - Btocti Where, AI-divert, Number of remaining temporary plugging balls at the position of the cluster! Maud in the horizontal wellbore, in No.; Mblock,1 -Number of perforation holes plugged in the cluster!, in No.; Alms -Total number of temporary plugging balls pumped, in No.; ilifeffedive,i -Number of remaining temporary plugging balls at the position of the cluster in No. 7. The method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well according to Claim 1, wherein the dynamic abrasion model of perforation holes for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in the deep shale gas horizontal well includes the perforation hole flow velocity equation and the perforation hole diameter equation.
- 8. The method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well according to Claim 7, wherein the perforation hole flow velocity equation is as follows: 4qui, (12) Npf,/ Rtip2f., Where, v, -Flow velocity of the perforation hole i, in m/s; dpfj -Diameter of the perforation holes in the cluster j, in m; The perforation hole diameter equation is as follows: -1.07 x10-110,2 (13) Where, C -Average concentration of proppant injected for fracturing, in kg/m3.
- 9. The method for optimizing the particle size of temporary plugging balls for fracture-opening diverting fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal well according to Claim 1, wherein in Step 6: based on the diagram of the diameter of perforation holes in each perforation cluster changing with time, determine the diameter of maximum perforation holes in each perforation cluster, select the particle size of temporary plugging balls and ensure that the particle size of temporary plugging balls is 1.2 times as large as the diameter of maximum perforation hole in each perforation cluster.
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