GB2605832A - Methods and systems for generating sound for use in treating a mental disorder - Google Patents

Methods and systems for generating sound for use in treating a mental disorder Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2605832A
GB2605832A GB2105407.7A GB202105407A GB2605832A GB 2605832 A GB2605832 A GB 2605832A GB 202105407 A GB202105407 A GB 202105407A GB 2605832 A GB2605832 A GB 2605832A
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sound wave
sound
wave
emitting device
time period
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GB202105407D0 (en
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Edward Coysgarne Sim John
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Ed Can Help Ltd
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Ed Can Help Ltd
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Priority to PCT/EP2022/060042 priority patent/WO2022219131A1/en
Publication of GB2605832A publication Critical patent/GB2605832A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
    • G10K15/02—Synthesis of acoustic waves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
    • A61M2021/0005—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus
    • A61M2021/0027—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus by the hearing sense
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
    • A61M21/02—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis for inducing sleep or relaxation, e.g. by direct nerve stimulation, hypnosis, analgesia

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Psychology (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)

Abstract

A method of generating sound for use in the treatment of a mental disorder, the method comprising: sending, by an audio unit to a sound emitting device, a first signal corresponding to a first sound wave (S100); sending, by the audio unit to the sound emitting device, a second signal corresponding to a second sound wave different to the first sound wave (S102); emitting, by the sound emitting device, the first sound wave for a first time period (S104); and emitting, by the sound emitting device, the second sound wave for a second time period (S104). The first sound wave may be a periodic sound wave, such as a square wave. The second sound may be at least one of a disrupted version of the first sound wave and a dis-phased version of the first sound wave. The second sound wave may be an irregular sound. Systems for generating sound for use in treating a mental disorder are also described, as are methods of therapy for a mental disorder.

Description

Methods and Systems for generating sound for use in treating a mental disorder
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for use in treating a mental disorder and is particularly, although not exclusive, concerned with methods and systems for treating a mental disorder by the generation of sound.
Background
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that may develop as a consequence of exposure to a traumatic event. Symptoms may include disturbing feelings, thoughts or dreams related to the event, physical or mental distress to trauma-related cues, attempts to avoid trauma-related cues, changes in how a person thinks and feels, and an increase in the fight-or-flight response. The main treatments for PTSD are counselling and medication.
A developing field of treatment for psychological conditions such as PTSD is audio therapy. Audio therapy is the use of recorded sound, music, or spoken words (or a combination thereof) which patients or participants play on a suitable device, which are listened to with the intent of experiencing a subsequent beneficial physiological, psychological, or social effect.
Other mental disorders such as anxiety and depression have also been shown to be responsive to audio therapy. It is therefore desirable to develop effective sounds, devices and methods for use in the treatment of mental disorders.
Statements of Invention
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of generating sound for use in the treatment of a mental disorder, the method comprising: sending, by an audio unit to a sound emitting device, a first signal corresponding to a first sound wave; sending, by an audio unit to the sound emitting device, a second signal corresponding to a second sound wave different from the first sound wave; emitting, by the sound emitting device, the first sound wave for a first time period; and emitting, by the sound emitting device, the second sound wave for a second time period.
The first sound wave may be a square wave. The second sound wave may be at least one of: a disrupted version of the first sound wave and a dis-phased version of the first sound wave. The first sound wave may be a periodic sound wave. The second sound wave may be an irregular sound wave. A periodic sound wave may be considered to be a sound wave that is repeated at regular intervals. An irregular sound wave may be considered to be a sound wave that comprises the superposition of a number of regular waves with different frequencies and amplitudes so that a pattern of repetition is not discernible to a user.
The sound emitting device may emit a first portion of the first sound wave and a first portion of the second sound wave to a first output of the sound emitting device, and the sound emitting device may emit a second portion of the first sound wave and a second portion of the second sound wave to a second output of the sound emitting device.
The first time period may be 20 to 45 seconds. The second time period may be 15 to 25 minutes. In one beneficial embodiment the first time period may be 30 seconds. In one beneficial embodiment, the second time period may be 20 minutes.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an acoustic wave for use in the treatment of a mental disorder; the acoustic wave comprising; a first sound wave which is generated for a first time period followed by a second sound wave different from the first sound wave generated for a second time period, wherein the first sound wave is a periodic sound wave and the second sound wave is an irregular sound wave.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for treating a mental disorder comprising an audio unit and a sound emitting device, wherein the audio unit is configured to: send, to a sound emitting device, a first signal corresponding to a first sound wave; send, to the sound emitting device, a second signal corresponding to a second sound wave different to the first sound wave; and wherein the sound emitting device is configured to: emit the first sound wave for a first time period, and emit the second sound wave for a second time period.
The sound emitting device may comprise a first loudspeaker driver and a second loudspeaker driver.
The first loudspeaker driver may emit a first portion of the first sound wave and a first portion of the second sound wave, and the second loudspeaker driver may emit a second portion of the first sound wave and a second portion of the second sound wave. For example, the first sound wave may be split into a first and a second channel, and the second sound wave may be split into a first and a second channel. Each of the first and second loudspeaker drivers may correspond to the left and right headphone used by a user. Therefore, different portions of sound waves may be provided to the left and right ears of a user within the same time period. For example, the first channel may be directed to the right ear of a user, and the second channel may be directed to the left ear of a user. The first and second channels may provide different sound to a user.
This may lead to binaural stimulation which is effective in treating mental disorders.
Thus, the first sound wave and/or second sound wave may be a form of binaural stimulation. Binaural stimulation (binaural beats) are an auditory illusion in which differing frequencies between sound in different ears of a user gives the illusion of a rhythmic beating sound. With the provision of different sound in the first channel and the second channel, binaural stimulation may be performed.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of therapy for a mental disorder, the method comprising the steps of: directing a user to think of a stressor; generating a first sound wave for a first time period; and generating a second sound wave different from the first sound wave for a second time period. For example, the first sound wave and the second sound wave may be played to the user.
In the above described aspects of the invention, a first portion of the first sound wave and a first portion of the second sound wave may be directed to a first ear of a user, and a second portion of the first sound wave and a second portion of the second sound wave may be directed to a second ear of a user.
In the above described aspects of the invention, the first time period may be 20 to 40 seconds. In the above described aspects of the invention, the second time period may be 15 to 25 minutes. In a beneficial embodiment of the invention the first time period may be.30 seconds. In a beneficial embodiment of the invention, the second time period may be 20 minutes.
In the above described aspects of the invention, the intensity (volume) and length of stimulation may be adapted in order to produce the most effective combination of sounds. For example, the second sound wave may be played at a volume greater than the first sound wave.
To avoid unnecessary duplication of effort and repetition of text in the specification, certain features are described in relation to only one or several aspects or embodiments of the invention. However, it is to be understood that, where it is technically possible, features described in relation to any aspect or embodiment of the invention may also be used with any other aspect or embodiment of the invention.
Brief Description of the Drawings
For a better understanding of the present invention, and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 illustrates a method according to an example; and Fig. 2 illustrates a system for performing the methods described herein according to an example; Fig. 3 illustrates an oscillogram of a signal of the difference between the sound of a first channel and a second channel according to an example; Fig. 4 illustrates a graph of dBV2 against frequency as a spectrum of a signal of the difference between the sound of a first channel and a second channel according to an
example;
Fig. 5 illustrates a spectrogram of a signal of the difference between the sound of a first channel and a second channel according to an example; Fig. 6 illustrates a cepstrogram of a signal of the difference between the sound of a first channel and a second channel according to an example; Fig. 7 illustrates a histogram of a signal of the difference between the sound of a first channel and a second channel according to an example; Fig. 8 illustrates a correlogram of a signal of the difference between the sound of a first channel and a second channel according to an example; and Fig. 9 illustrates a method of treating a user according to an example.
Detailed Description
The inventors of the present invention have experimented to find more effective sounds to successfully treat mental disorders such as anxiety, depression and PTSD. A mental disorder may comprise a mental illness or psychiatric disorder. The present invention has been developed as a consequence of the crossovers in emerging Neuroscience, Biofeedback and Psychology, and the implications for Psychotherapy.
In particular, the present invention expands on current neuromodulation techniques.
Neuromodulation is the alteration of nerve activity using devices to deliver stimulants to the brain. In the present case, the stimulants are sound waves, or acoustic waves, and the sound is intended to facilitate a decoupling of memories or beliefs with the emotions that are intrinsically linked with a particular memory or belief By detaching memories from the accompanying emotions, users may experience a reduction in troubling emotions.
It has been found by the inventors that sounds produced with the various properties and durations that are described herein are particularly advantageous in positively impacting users who suffer from mental disorders.
In an example, there is provided an acoustic wave for use in the treatment of a mental disorder. The acoustic wave comprises a first sound wave which is generated for a first time period followed by a second sound wave different from the first sound wave generated for a second time period, wherein the first sound wave is a periodic sound wave and the second sound wave is an irregular sound wave. Such an acoustic wave has been found by the inventors to positively impact persons suffering with mental disorders. By providing two different sound waves for two different time periods, two contrasting sounds are produced one after the other, which has been determined by the inventors to be an effective method for altering the mental state of a user, and thus for treating mental disorders for a user exposed to such sounds. In particular, switching from a periodic sound wave, which may evoke anxiety in a user, to an irregular sound wave, which may not evoke anxiety in a user, has shown to be effective in realigning a user's perception of a negative thought.
Furthermore, such an acoustic wave has been found to enhance the mood of a user.
Therefore, the uses described herein are not limited to treatments of mental disorders, but can also be considered as applicable to the enhancement of mood of a user.
In an example, there is provided a method of generating sound (e.g. an acoustic wave) for use in treating a mental disorder. Fig. 1 illustrates such a method. In particular, the method comprises sending, by an audio unit to a sound emitting device, a first signal corresponding to a first sound wave S100, sending, by an audio unit to a sound emitting device, a second signal corresponding to a second sound wave different from the first sound wave S102, emitting, by the sound emitting device, the first sound wave for a first time period S104, and emitting, by the sound emitting device, the second sound wave for a second time period S106.
Thus, the method may be a method in which sound waves are sent to a sound emitting device, such as a pair of headphones, earphones, speakers or the like. The signals generated by the audio unit may be pre-programmed (predefined) signals. The signals may be stored in a server (e.g. the instructions for producing the signals may be stored in a server of the internet, where the audio unit sends the signal to a user terminal such as a device used by a user which is connected to the internet. Alternatively, the instructions for producing the signals may be stored in a device to which the user connects the sound emitting device, and listens to the sounds produced therethrough).
In an example, the audio unit may be comprised as part of a server and the signals transmitted via the internet to a sound emitting device, such as headphones, of the user.
By providing two different sound waves for two different time periods, two contrasting sounds are produced one after the other, which has been determined by the inventors to be an effective method for altering the mental state of a user, and thus for treating mental disorders for a user exposed to such sounds.
In an example, the first sound wave is a periodic sound wave. In an example, the first sound wave is a square wave. The repetitive nature of square waves evoke anxiety (examples of square waves include alarms and babies' crying). By first providing a square wave which evokes anxiety and then changing to a second wave different from the first wave, a user may experience a dissipation in anxiety and negative emotions.
In an example, the second sound wave is an irregular sound wave. In an example, the second sound waves is at least one of: a disrupted version of the first sound wave and a dis-phased version of the first sound wave. By altering the sound wave, for example, from a square wave which evokes anxiety, to a disrupted or disphased version of the sound wave, and/or an irregular sound wave, a user may experience a dissipation in anxiety and negative emotions.
The sound waves which are used in the present methods may be considered to differ from sounds which are typically used for audio therapy. Typical sounds tend to be just one frequency (which is thought to be therapeutic) and are played hoping to entrain the brain to the frequency. In contrast, the second sound wave of the present disclosure may be considered to be irregular and unpredictable, which has surprisingly been found by the inventors to have a positive effect on users.
Furthermore, the first and second sound waves may be played for particular time periods, where the first sound wave may be played for a first time period in the region of 30 seconds, and the second sound wave may be played for a second time period in the region of 20 minutes. The first and second sound waves may be played sequentially. It has been found by the inventors that such time periods are particular effective in treating a mental disorder.
In an example, the intensity (volume) and length of stimulation may be adapted in order to produce the most effective combination of sounds. For example, the second sound wave may be played at a volume greater than the first sound wave.
Fig. 2 illustrates a system in which the methods described herein may be performed. Is particular, Fig. 2 illustrates a system 108 comprising an audio unit 110 and a sound emitting device 112. The audio unit 110 may be configured to send the first signal and the second signal to the sound emitting device 112. The sound emitting device may be configured to emit the first sound wave for a first time period and emit the second sound wave for a second time period.
The sound emitting device 112 may comprise a first loudspeaker driver and a second loudspeaker driver. The first loudspeaker driver may emit a first portion of the first sound wave and a first portion of the second sound wave, and the second loudspeaker driver may emit a second portion of the first sound wave and a second portion of the second sound wave. For example, the first sound wave may be split into a first and second channel, and the second sound wave may be split into a first and second channel. Each of the first and second loudspeaker drivers may correspond to the left and right headphone used by a user. Therefore, different portions of sound waves may be provided to the left and right ears of a user within the same time period. For example, the first channel may be directed to the right ear of a user, and the second channel may be directed to the left ear of a user. The first and second channels may provide different sound to a user. This may lead to binaural stimulation which is effective in treating mental disorders.
Thus, the first sound wave and/or second sound wave may be a form of binaural stimulation. Binaural stimulation (binaural beats) are an auditory illusion in which differing frequencies between sound in different ears of a user gives the illusion of a rhythmic beating sound. With the provision of different sound in the first channel and the second channel, binaural stimulation may be performed.
Figures 3-8 illustrate various snapshots of an example signal of the difference between the sound of the first channel and the second channel represented in different ways. The example signal may correspond to a sound wave (such as the second sound wave) taken over short time frames, such as 1-2 seconds. It will be appreciated that this is a snapshot of an example sound wave of the difference between the first channel and the second channel and therefore other sound waves may be equally applicable to the method.
Fig. 3 illustrates an ocillogram graph for a portion of the example signal (taken over one second) which represents the difference between two portions of the second sound wave. As is indicated in Fig. 3, by subtracting the first (right) channel from the second (left) channel, a pattern is evident which indicates a form of binaural stimulation (a frequency which is different from the frequency of the first or second sound wave).
Fig. 4 illustrates a graph of magnitude of the example signal against the frequency of the example signal. As can be seen from this graph, the example signal comprises a fairly continuous spectrum of frequencies between 100 Hz and 101 Hz, with the greatest magnitude between 100 Hz and 102 Hz, where after 102 Hz the magnitude oscillates with an increase in frequency with a general downward trend Fig. 5 illustrates a spectrogram of the example signal. As can be seen from this Figure, at lower frequencies, around 0Hz, there is a higher periodicity over time, whereas at higher frequencies, in particular around 2Hz, of which there is also a greater intensity, there is a lower periodicity over time.
Fig. 6 illustrates a cepstrogram of the example signal taken over 1 second where a regular sawtooth type shape can be seen as a part of the graph.
Fig. 7 illustrates a histogram of the example signal. As can be seen from this graph, there are three peaks of amplitude of the signal, one at around 0 V, one at around - 1 5V and one at around 1.5V.
Fig. 8 illustrates a correlogram of the example signal, where it is evident that there is a non-random frequency distribution over time.
The above described signal, and closely related signals found to be effective, may be used in a method of therapy for a mental disorder. One method comprises the step of directing a user to think of a stressor, 3914; generating a first sound wave for a first time period 3916, generating a second sound wave different to the first sound wave for a second time period 3918. For example, the first and second sound waves may be played to the user. A stressor may be be events or environments that the user considers demanding, challenging, and/or threatening individual safety -essentially thoughts that evoke negative emotions. The user may be instructed to think of (or focus on) a stressor for the duration of the period in which sound is played. The method may result in a decoupling of negative emotions from the stressor for the user. In particular, the method may reduce negative emotions to an appropriate, manageable level.
The first and second sound waves used in the method of therapy may be any of those described herein. The first and second sound waves may be played to the user for particular time periods, where the first sound wave may be played for a first time period in the region of 30 seconds, and the second sound wave may be played for a second time period in the region of 20 mins. It has been found by the inventor that such time periods are particular effective in treating mental disorders.
It has also been found by the inventor that by performing the method of therapy at least twice per a day, over a period of approximately three months, optimal results may be achieved.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that although the invention has been described by way of example, with reference to one or more exemplary examples, it is not limited to the disclosed examples and that alternative examples could be constructed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In any of the above aspects, the various features may be implemented in hardware, or as software modules running on one or more processors. Features of one aspect may be applied to any of the other aspects.
The invention also provides a computer program or a computer program product for carrying out any of the methods described herein, and a computer readable medium having stored thereon a program for carrying out any of the methods described herein. A computer program embodying the invention may be stored on a computer-readable medium, or it could, for example, be in the form of a signal such as a downloadable data signal provided from an Internet website, or it could be in any other form.

Claims (14)

  1. Claims 1. A method of generating sound for use in the treatment of a mental disorder, the method comprising: sending, by an audio unit to a sound emitting device, a first signal corresponding to a first sound wave; sending, by the audio unit to the sound emitting device, a second signal corresponding to a second sound wave different to the first sound wave; emitting, by the sound emitting device, the first sound wave for a first time period; and emitting, by the sound emitting device, the second sound wave for a second time period.
  2. 2.The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first sound wave is a square wave.
  3. 3.The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the second sound wave is at least one of: a disrupted version of the first sound wave and a dis-phased version of the first sound wave.
  4. 4.The method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first sound wave is a periodic sound wave.
  5. 5.The method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the second sound wave is an irregular sound wave.
  6. 6.The method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the sound emitting device emits a first portion of the first sound wave and a first portion of the second sound wave to a first output of the sound emitting device, and the sound emitting device emits a second portion of the first sound wave and a second portion of the second sound wave to a second output of the sound emitting device.
  7. 7. The method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first time period is 30 seconds.
  8. 8.The method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the second time period is 20 minutes.
  9. 9.An acoustic wave for use in the treatment of a mental disorder; the acoustic wave comprising; a first sound wave which is generated for a first time period followed by a second sound wave different to the first sound wave generated for a second time period, wherein the first sound wave is a periodic sound wave and the second sound wave is an irregular sound wave.
  10. 10. A system for treating a mental disorder comprising an audio unit and a sound emitting device, wherein the audio unit is configured to: send, to a sound emitting device, a first signal corresponding to a first sound wave; send, to the sound emitting device, a second signal corresponding to a second sound wave different to the first sound wave; and wherein the sound emitting device is configured to: emit the first sound wave for a first time period, and emit the second sound wave for a second time period.
  11. 11. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the sound emitting device comprises a first loudspeaker driver and a second loudspeaker driver.
  12. 12. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the first loudspeaker driver emits a first portion of the first sound wave and a first portion of the second sound wave, and the second loudspeaker driver emits a second portion of the first sound wave and a second portion of the second sound wave.
  13. 13.A method of therapy for a mental disorder, the method comprising the steps of: directing a user to think of a stresson generating a first sound wave for a first time period; and generating a second sound wave different to the first sound wave for a second time period.
  14. 14. The method of therapy for a mental disorder as claimed in claim 13, wherein a first portion of the first sound wave and a first portion of the second sound wave are directed to a first ear of a user, and a second portion of the first sound wave and a second portion of the second sound wave are directed to a second ear of a user.
GB2105407.7A 2021-04-15 2021-04-15 Methods and systems for generating sound for use in treating a mental disorder Pending GB2605832A (en)

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Citations (2)

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US20100076253A1 (en) * 2007-04-24 2010-03-25 Cornfield Electronics, Inc. Guide glasses
US20180250494A1 (en) * 2017-03-02 2018-09-06 Sana Health, Inc. Methods and systems for modulating stimuli to the brain with biosensors

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8167826B2 (en) * 2009-02-03 2012-05-01 Action Research Co., Ltd. Vibration generating apparatus and method introducing hypersonic effect to activate fundamental brain network and heighten aesthetic sensibility
CA3029198A1 (en) * 2015-11-23 2017-06-01 Sana Health, Inc. Methods and systems for providing stimuli to the brain

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100076253A1 (en) * 2007-04-24 2010-03-25 Cornfield Electronics, Inc. Guide glasses
US20180250494A1 (en) * 2017-03-02 2018-09-06 Sana Health, Inc. Methods and systems for modulating stimuli to the brain with biosensors

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