GB2604147A - Anti-lock braking system - Google Patents

Anti-lock braking system Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2604147A
GB2604147A GB2102751.1A GB202102751A GB2604147A GB 2604147 A GB2604147 A GB 2604147A GB 202102751 A GB202102751 A GB 202102751A GB 2604147 A GB2604147 A GB 2604147A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
ball screw
screw drive
braking system
lock braking
lever
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB2102751.1A
Other versions
GB2604147B (en
GB202102751D0 (en
Inventor
Andrei Vadeanu Victor
Alexandru Nemtanu Ovidiu
Ratus Daniel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Continental Automotive Romania SRL
Original Assignee
Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Continental Automotive Romania SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Teves AG and Co OHG, Continental Automotive Romania SRL filed Critical Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Priority to GB2102751.1A priority Critical patent/GB2604147B/en
Publication of GB202102751D0 publication Critical patent/GB202102751D0/en
Publication of GB2604147A publication Critical patent/GB2604147A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2604147B publication Critical patent/GB2604147B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/1701—Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles
    • B60T8/1706—Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles for single-track vehicles, e.g. motorcycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/662—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems characterised by specified functions of the control system components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/745—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on a hydraulic system, e.g. a master cylinder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/08—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation hand actuated
    • B60T7/085—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation hand actuated by electrical means, e.g. travel, force sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/08—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation hand actuated
    • B60T7/10—Disposition of hand control
    • B60T7/102—Disposition of hand control by means of a tilting lever
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/176—Brake regulation specially adapted to prevent excessive wheel slip during vehicle deceleration, e.g. ABS
    • B60T8/1761—Brake regulation specially adapted to prevent excessive wheel slip during vehicle deceleration, e.g. ABS responsive to wheel or brake dynamics, e.g. wheel slip, wheel acceleration or rate of change of brake fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/26—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels
    • B60T8/261—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels specially adapted for use in motorcycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3225—Systems specially adapted for single-track vehicles, e.g. motorcycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/44—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device, i.e. open systems
    • B60T8/447—Reducing the boost of the power-assist booster means to reduce brake pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2220/00—Monitoring, detecting driver behaviour; Signalling thereof; Counteracting thereof
    • B60T2220/04—Pedal travel sensor, stroke sensor; Sensing brake request
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/40—Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
    • B60T2270/402—Back-up
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

An anti-lock braking system (ABS) for a vehicle, e.g. motorcycle, with a rider-actuated hand lever 9 or brake pedal. The system includes: a master cylinder with a piston 17, the master cylinder hydraulically coupled to a wheel brake 1; an electronic control unit (ECU) 3; and a linear actuator including a bi-directional electric motor with a rotor 12, and a ball screw drive with spindle 11 and nut 14. The electric motor actuates the spindle 11 in a pressure build-up direction or a release pressure direction by means of the nut 14, which may be rigidly attached to the rotor; and the spindle 11 is coupled to the piston to hence actuate the piston, following the pulling or releasing of the braking lever 9. The ECU may control the motor to operate based on signals from a brake lever travel sensor 7, a wheel speed sensor 5 (for ABS re locked status of wheels), a motor positioning sensor 4 and/or object detecting sensors. The system may operate in fallback mode, normal mode, ABS mode and automatic mode. The spindle 11 may be connected via a splined coupling 21 at one end (i.e. the lever end).

Description

Description
Anti-lock braking system
Field of the invention
[0001] The present invention relates to an anti-lock braking system to operate on a vehicle, especially a vehicle equipped with a braking lever actuated by a rider's hand or a braking pedal actuated by a rider's foot.
Prior art
[0002] An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety hydraulic braking system that prevents the wheels of a vehicle from locking up during braking situations.
[0003] Basically, anti-lock braking systems (ABS) share four basic components: sensors that constantly measure the wheels speed, an electronic control unit (ECU) that receives information from the wheel speed sensors, valves that physically regulate the braking force and a pump that restores the desired amount of pressure to the braking system. The electronic control unit (ECU) is the "brain" of the braking system and sends commands to a hydraulic control unit (ECU) that executes ECU's commands regulating braking pressure based on data received from the sensors by means of the pump and valves, parts of the hydraulic control unit (HCU). When the electronic control unit (ECU) detects a scenario corresponding to a locking wheel followed by an inevitable skid, the electronic control unit (ECU) sends a command to the pump and valves adjusting the braking force as necessary, more exactly the valves open and close in a repetitive process that only takes fractions of a second and it will be repeated until the motorcycle stops.
[0004] Documents such as EP 1679243 Al, US 2008309153 Al or US 2007200430 Al disclose the components of an anti-lock braking system (ABS) on motorcycles from the state of the art.
Disadvantages of the prior art
[0005] Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) from prior art comprise complex hydraulic control units (HCU) which implies increased costs and need for available space on motorcycle chassis for mounting the anti-lock braking system (ABS) which is a bulky system with a complex infrastructure.
[0006] Multiple elements, such as valves and pump comprised in the anti-lock braking systems (ABS) may lead to increased potential of failure, for example brake fluid leakage.
Problem to be solved by the invention [0007] The main problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the complexity of the anti-lock braking system.
[0008] The objective of this invention is to replace the hydraulic control unit and to provide a linear electro20 mechanical actuator instead.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The invention solves the technical problem by providing an anti-lock braking system to operate on a vehicle, especially a vehicle equipped with a braking lever actuated by a rider's hand or a braking pedal actuated by a rider's foot. The anti-lock braking system comprises a master cylinder with a piston adapted to apply pressure on a brake fluid by having a stroke within the master cylinder, wherein the master cylinder is hydraulically coupled to a wheel brake, an electronic control unit (ECU) and a linear actuator. The linear actuator comprises a bi-directional electric motor and a ball screw drive with a ball screw drive spindle and a ball screw drive nut. The electric motor actuates the ball screw drive spindle in a pressure build-up direction or a release pressure direction by means of the ball screw drive nut. The ball screw drive spindle further actuates the master cylinder piston coupled to the ball screw drive spindle, following the pulling or releasing of the braking lever.
The advantages of the invention [0010] By using the electro-mechanic control unit according to the present invention, the following advantages are provided: - no need for a hydraulic block and valves; -versatile system that allows multiple combinations; - possibility to have brake booster with a faster reaction time; - possibility to have an automatic brake function for ATVs and tricycles; -reduced volume of brake fluid; - easy to assemble on the motorcycle.
Brief description of the drawings
[0011] The invention will be hereafter described with reference to the drawings, as follows: - Fig. 1 shows a side view of an anti-lock braking system for a motorcycle, according to invention; - Fig. 2 shows additional elements of the anti-lock 30 braking system, according to invention.
[0012] List of references: 1 -Caliper 2 -Reservoir 3 -Electronic Control Unit (ECU) 4 -Motor positioning sensor -Wheel speed sensor 5 6 -Connecting shaft 7 -Lever traveling sensor 8 -Lever spring 9 -Braking lever -Articulated shaft 10 11 -Spindle 12 -Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) Rotor 13 -Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) Stator 14 -Ball screw drive (BBD) nut -Axial-radial ball bearing 15 16 -Mechanical coupling 17 -Master cylinder piston 18 -Master cylinder spring 19 -Connector for caliper pipe -Housing 21 -Splined coupling BLDC -Brushless Direct Current HCU -Hydraulic Control Unit ABS -Anti-lock Braking System BSD -Ball Screw Drive ATV -All-terrain vehicle Detailed description of the invention and embodiments [0013] Turning now in details to the drawings, Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an anti-lock braking system for a vehicle equipped with a hand braking lever, according to invention. The vehicle equipped with a hand braking lever may be a motorcycle (moped, scooter, cruiser, chopper, etc), an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) or a tricycle. Fig. 1 comprises a part of the anti-lock braking system elements, for the clarity of the figure, namely: a caliper 1, a brake fluid reservoir 2, an electronic control unit (ECU) 3, a motor position sensor 4, a wheel speed sensor 5, a connecting shaft 6, a lever traveling sensor 7, a spindle 11 with thread elements (not referenced), a brushless direct current (BLDC) bi-directional motor (not referenced, but comprising a BLDC rotor 12 and a BLDC stator 13), a ball screw drive nut 14 with thread elements (also, not referenced), an axial-radial ball bearing 15 having an inner ring (not referenced), a mechanical coupling 16, a master cylinder comprising a master cylinder piston 17 and a master cylinder spring 18, a connector 19 for caliper pipe, a splined coupling 21 and a housing 20 comprising most of the enumerated elements.
[0014] Electronic control unit (ECU) 3 controls the BLDC motor based on data received from the motor position sensor 4, the wheel speed sensor 5 and the lever traveling sensor 7 by means of a linear electro-mechanical actuator. Although not referenced, the linear actuator comprises the BLDC motor, the ball screw drive spindle 11 and the ball screw drive nut 14 and increases or decreases the hydraulic pressure in the braking system. The BLDC rotor 12 is rigidly mounted on the ball screw drive nut 14 of the ball screw drive spindle 11. The inner ring of the axial-radial ball bearing 15 is rigidly mounted on the ball screw drive nut 14 by pressing. The ball screw drive spindle 11 does not allow a self-locking condition therefore it is not a normal metrical or trapezoidal screw. Between the thread elements of the spindle 11 and the thread elements of nut 14 are placed recirculating balls to reduce friction force. The nut 14 has only rotation motion around its axis allowed by the axial-radial ball bearing 15. The translation motion of the nut 14 is blocked by the axial-radial ball bearing 15. The spindle 11 is coupled with the connecting shaft 6 at one end and with the master cylinder piston 17 by means of the mechanical coupling 16 at the other end. The connecting shaft 6 is coupled with the ball screw drive spindle 11 by means of the splined coupling 21.
[0015] When the electronic control unit (ECU) 3 sends a command to the BLDC motor, the BLDC rotor 12 rotates the ball screw drive nut 14 that translates the ball screw drive spindle 11 to either a pressure build-up direction or a release pressure direction, depending on the rotation direction of the BLDC rotor 12. When the ball screw drive spindle 11 is 10 translated in the pressure build-up direction, the master cylinder piston 17 creates pressure that is transmitted to the caliper 1 through the connector 19. Also, during this operation, the master cylinder spring 18 is pushed by the master cylinder piston 17.
[0016] Fig. 2 shows additional elements of the anti-lock braking system, according to invention, namely a lever spring 8, a braking lever 9 and an articulated shaft 10. Usually, the braking lever 9 is placed near a handlebar (not illustrated, neither referenced) of the vehicle. The braking lever 9 is pulled by the driver when braking is initiated, pushing the articulated shaft 10. The braking lever 9 is attached to the lever spring 8 that helps the braking lever 9 to return to its initial position (a position of the braking lever before applying the force for braking initiation) when the pull force is released. The articulated shaft 10 is a hinged rod at both ends, connecting with the braking lever 9 at one end and with the connecting shaft 6 at the other end. When the braking lever 9 is released, the master cylinder piston 17 returns to the initial position due to the master cylinder spring 18 assembled on the head of the master cylinder piston 17 and due to the lever spring 8.
[0017] The motor positioning sensor 4 may determine the position of the BED spindle 11 in every moment. The wheel speed sensor 5 mounted on a front wheel of the vehicle detects when the wheel locks. The lever traveling sensor 7 senses the movement of the braking lever 9. These three sensors send signals to the electronic control unit (ECU) 3 that controls the BLDC motor accordingly.
[0018] There are four operation modes related to the anti-lock braking system, a fallback mode, a normal mode, an ABS mode and an automatic mode. All operation modes provide braking and are further on described with reference to the corresponding drawings and components.
[0019] In fallback mode there is no electric drive, no electrical current running through the braking system, therefore the functions of brake booster or anti-lock braking are not operable. When the braking lever 9 is pulled by rider, it pushes the articulated shaft 10 that pushes further the connecting shaft 6. The connecting shaft 6 pushes the ball screw drive spindle 11. The rotation of the ball screw drive spindle 11 is blocked by the braking lever 9 through the rod 10 and by the splined coupling 21 and thus the ball screw drive spindle 11 makes only a translation movement. The ball screw drive nut 14 mounted on the BLDC rotor 12 is rotated by the translation movement of the ball screw drive spindle 11 and the ball screw drive nut 14 further rotates the BLDC rotor 12. The axial load from the ball screw drive spindle 11 is transferred to the master cylinder piston 17 which further creates pressure that is transmitted to the caliper 1 by the rider force only, without motor assistance. All resisting forces: the friction force between the ball screw drive inner components, the friction force in the ball bearing 15, the inertia of the ball screw drive nut 14 and the inertia of the BLDC rotor 12 are unable to block the system in fallback mode and are exceeded by the force with which the rider pulls the braking lever 9. So, when the braking lever 9 is pulled by the rider, the ball screw drive spindle 11 is pushed, the BSD nut 14 rotates the BLDC rotor 12 and the BSD spindle 11 moves forward in the pressure build-up direction. In order to avoid the blocking of the system, the BLDC motor has three decouplable phases as not to function as generator.
[0020] In normal mode the BLDC rotor 12 behaves like a brake booster. This is most favourable for heavyweight motorcycles (equal or over 200 Kg), ATVs or tricycles where the needed pull force is higher than the one needed for a lightweight motorcycle (under 200kg). On this mode, when the rider pulls the braking lever 9, the articulated shaft 10 pushes the connecting shaft 6 resulting a movement sensed by the lever traveling sensor 7. The lever traveling sensor 7 sends a signal to the electronic control unit (ECU) 3 which commands the BLDC motor. The BLDC rotor 12 rotates the BSD nut 14 and translates the BSD spindle 11 in the pressure build-up direction. Also, the rotation of the BSD spindle 11 is blocked by the braking lever 9 through the rod 10 and splined coupling 21 and so, it is performed only a translation movement. The motor position sensor 4 counts the number of rotations of the BLDC rotor 12, and by knowing the spindle pitch, the motor position sensor 4 determines not only the position of the spindle 11 but also, the position of the master cylinder piston 17 in each moment. Therefore, the system detects the intention of the rider to apply a boosted braking force.
[0021] In ABS mode when the front wheel locks in heavy braking situations, the wheel speed sensor 5 sends a signal to the electronic control unit (ECU) 3 that receives the information and sends a command to the BLDC motor. The BLDC motor rotates the BLDC rotor 12 in order to retract the BSD spindle 11 and the master cylinder piston 17 in the release pressure direction. The pressure from the caliper 1 decreases and the wheel starts turning again. The electronic control unit (ECU) 3 receives information about the positioning of the braking lever 9 from the lever traveling sensor 7, receives the position of the BLDC rotor 12 from the motor position sensor 4, thus adjusting the retraction stroke according to the information received from the wheel speed sensor 5. When the front wheel starts turning, the system increases the pressure again, by reversing the rotation direction of the BLDC rotor 12. These processes of increase and release the pressure in the braking system by means of the BLDC rotor 12 take fractions of a second and they repeat until the vehicle stops.
[0022] In automatic mode an extra sensor (not illustrated, nor referenced) for detecting objects is needed to be mounted in front of the vehicle (e.g. radar, ultrasonic). This mode maybe implemented on ATVs or tricycles for specific situations at low speed (e.g. braking before a traffic light) and less on motorcycles for safety reasons. When an obstacle is detected by the object detecting sensor, the sensor sends the information to the electronic control unit (ECU) 3 which sends a command to the BLDC motor to create pressure in the braking system with the help of the BSD spindle 11. The BSD spindle 11 further slides inside the connecting shaft 6 in the pressure build-up direction, thus the connecting shaft 6, the articulated shaft 10 and the braking lever 9 remain in the same position (initial position) and the risk of crushing the rider's fingers between handlebar and braking lever 9 is eliminated. The length of the splined coupling 21 exceeds the stroke of the master cylinder piston 17 in order to eliminate the risk of disassembly between the BSD spindle 11 and connecting shaft 6.
[0023] Another embodiment of the present invention is by using the described anti-lock braking system for foot pedal braking, instead of hand lever braking and mounting the system on a lower frame of the motorcycle. Moreover, on a two-wheels vehicle, each wheel may be served by a dedicated anti-lock braking system, having all four functionalities on both systems.

Claims (13)

  1. Patent claims 1. Anti-lock braking system for a vehicle equipped with a braking lever actuated by a rider's hand or a braking pedal actuated by a rider's foot comprising: a master cylinder with a piston adapted to apply pressure on a brake fluid by having a stroke within the master cylinder, wherein the master cylinder is hydraulically coupled to a wheel brake, an electronic control unit (ECU), characterized by that the system further comprises a linear actuator consisting into: a ball screw drive with a ball screw drive spindle and a ball screw drive nut and a bi-directional electric motor with a rotor, wherein the electric motor actuates the ball screw drive spindle in a pressure build-up direction or a release pressure direction by means of the ball screw drive nut, wherein the ball screw drive spindle further actuates the master cylinder piston coupled to the ball screw drive spindle, following the pulling or releasing of the braking lever.
  2. 2. Anti-lock braking system according to claim 1, wherein the ball screw drive spindle and the ball screw drive nut have thread elements between which balls rotate and recirculate.
  3. 3. Anti-lock braking system according to claim 1, characterized by that the electronic control unit (ECU) receives signals related to the braking lever movement from a lever traveling sensor and, based on the received signals, controls the electric motor.
  4. 4. Anti-lock braking system according to claim 1,IIcharacterized by that the electronic control unit (ECU) receives signals from a wheel-speed sensor related to locked or unlocked status of a vehicle wheel and based on the received signals, controls the electric motor.
  5. 5. AnLi-lock braking sysLem according Lo claim 1, characterized by that the electronic control unit (ECU) receives signals from a motor positioning sensor and determines a position of the rotor of the electric motor and based on the received signals, controls the electric motor.
  6. 6. Anti-lock braking system according to claim 1, characterized by that the ball screw drive spindle is coupled with a connecting shaft by means of a splined coupling at one end and with the master cylinder piston by means of a mechanical coupling at the other end.
  7. 7. Anti-lock braking system according to claim 1 and 6 characterized by that the connecting shaft is connected to an articulated shaft that further connects the braking lever.
  8. 8. Anti-lock braking system according to claim L and 6, characterized by that the length of the splined coupling exceeds the stroke of the master cylinder piston.
  9. 9. Anti-lock braking system according to claim 1, wherein the ball screw drive nut is rigidly mounted on the rotor of the electric motor.
  10. 10. Anti-lock braking system according to claim 1, characterized by that the electric motor has three decouplable phases.
  11. 11. Anti-lock braking system according to claim 1, characterized by that the electronic control unit (ECU) controls the electric motor in accordance with signals received from an object detecting sensor mounted in front of the vehicle.
  12. 12. Anti-lock braking system according to preceding claims, characterized by that the system has four operation modes: a fallback mode, a normal mode, an ABS mode and an automatic mode.
  13. 13. Vehicle equipped with an anti-lock braking system according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle is at least one of a motorcycle, a moped, a scooter, a cruiser, a chopper, an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) or a tricycle.
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06183331A (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-07-05 Nippon Seiko Kk Motor-driven assist type braking device
DE10327553A1 (en) * 2003-06-18 2005-01-13 Volkswagen Ag Electromechanical brake booster
DE102009001135A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2010-08-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for actuating a hydraulic vehicle brake system
US20120305345A1 (en) * 2010-04-16 2012-12-06 Ward Gregory A Portable Antiskid Brake System
US20150028664A1 (en) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-29 Mando Corporation Electronic brake system and control method thereof
US20160059837A1 (en) * 2011-05-10 2016-03-03 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Hydraulic Vehicle Braking System With Electromechanical Actuator, and Method For Operating Such A Hydraulic Vehicle Braking System
DE202009019176U1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2017-08-07 Ipgate Ag Brake system without path simulator

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06183331A (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-07-05 Nippon Seiko Kk Motor-driven assist type braking device
DE10327553A1 (en) * 2003-06-18 2005-01-13 Volkswagen Ag Electromechanical brake booster
DE202009019176U1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2017-08-07 Ipgate Ag Brake system without path simulator
DE102009001135A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2010-08-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for actuating a hydraulic vehicle brake system
US20120305345A1 (en) * 2010-04-16 2012-12-06 Ward Gregory A Portable Antiskid Brake System
US20160059837A1 (en) * 2011-05-10 2016-03-03 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Hydraulic Vehicle Braking System With Electromechanical Actuator, and Method For Operating Such A Hydraulic Vehicle Braking System
US20150028664A1 (en) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-29 Mando Corporation Electronic brake system and control method thereof

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