GB2596814A

GB2596814A - Protective head covering

Info

Publication number: GB2596814A
Application number: GB2010358.6A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Crawshaw Taylor John
Original assignee: Fromanteel Ltd
Current assignee: Fromanteel Ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-06
Filing date: 2020-07-06
Publication date: 2022-01-12
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-06
Also published as: GB2596814B; GB202010358D0

Abstract

A device for covering the head of a person to protect against transmission of pathogens, and comprising a top section 20 to rest on top of the head, a bottom section 30 to surround an upper portion of the person’s neck, and a middle section 50 extending therebetween including in part a transparent sheet of material. The top, middle and bottom sections seal against each other, and the bottom section seals against the person’s neck to form a sealed, interior volume. The device comprises one or more inlet valves 22 to permit air to travel into the interior volume, and one or more outlet valves 32 to permit air to leave the interior volume. Preferably the bottom section has a seal member 70 having a plate extending from it, the plate may be formed from at least two hinged parts 36 38 and a clip, magnet etc. may be used to hold the two parts together. A connecting member 60 is used to join the bottom and middle sections and toggle clips or other fixing devices may be used to join them together. A filter, e.g. a UV light may be used to clean the air entering via the inlet valve.

Description

PROTECTIVE HEAD COVERING

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a device for covering the head of a person to protect against transmission of a pathogen, such as viruses and bacteria. The device may be a form of personal protective equipment ("PPE") for use in situations where such protection is desired, such as in medical environments, but also for more general use as will become apparent.

BACKGROUND

Personal protective equipment ("PPE") is routinely used in medical environments and other situations, and primarily to protect a person from pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. These may be transferred between two people, for example between a patient and a caregiver or medical practitioner.

Several different types of PPE are commonly used, and may be single-use/disposable or multi-use. The types of PPE include medical scrubs, aprons, gloves and footwear. These can be provided in the form of very thin films that provide a barrier to pathogens. More heavy-duty PPE can include nose and mouth masks, so called lace masks', as well as face and eye shields. It is the latter types of PPE, and various problems associated therewith, that the present invention is focused on and aimed at solving.

Looking first to nose and mouth masks, these are primarily used to contain, or limit the reach of airborne particles ejected from a cough or sneeze (which particles may comprise or contain a pathogen). A secondary function of this type of PPE is to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne particles. These factors lead to the requirement that the mask is closefitting. However, the human nose is a difficult shape to accurately contour and varies widely. Even if a close fit is provided initially, this can get worse in use, for example when a person opens their mouth. It is thought, therefore, that these so called 'face masks' are often less than 50% efficient. The next type of PPE we consider are face and eye shields. These are typically provided in the form of a visor, which may be hung from a strap around the head, and above the forehead. These primarily protect a person's eyes and lower face from airborne particles ejected by someone else from a cough or sneeze containing a pathogen or just the pathogen. This form of PPE functions better against larger airborne particles, since smaller particles can easily pass round the side of the visor directly into the eyes, or into the nose or mouth.

Moving now to the types of pathogen that PPE protects against, there are two ways for a person to be infected by a pathogen, namely directly and indirectly.

Direct infection occurs when an airborne pathogen itself travels directly onto a person's face. Similar direct transmission can take place through direct contact, for example an infected hand touching your face, or hugging/kissing.

Normal skin, as a continuous membrane, typically guards against direct infection. There may be thousands of different types of pathogen on your skin, which do not result in infection since the skin does not let the pathogen into your body. As such, direct infection usually occurs through the eyes, nose and mouth.

Indirect transmission corresponds to transmission of a pathogen other than by direct transmission, for example by the hands of a person picking up the pathogen from a contact surface. Pathogens may be picked up in this manner from almost anywhere, for example seat armrests, doorknobs, banisters, plates, cup/mug handles, tap handles, etc. The pathogen may be left by an infected person, that is then picked up indirectly by another person. They may then become a further transmitter, or at least become a carrier of the pathogen even when it has not yet entered their body.

A further consideration is that pathogens are generally small enough to hide within tiny grooves in your skin, for example within your fingerprints. The Covid-19 virus, for example, appears to be perfectly adapted with little hooks to cling onto individual skin cells. Whilst the virus cannot get into the skin cells, it seemingly requires a more significant reduction in its grip than can be achieved through mere washing with water.

Importantly, a person can only become indirectly infected by their own actions, namely by transporting the pathogen into their body themselves (e.g., via their hands, or touching their face; especially their eyes, nose, mouth and ears).

It is very common for a human to touch their face, and most often this is an involuntary action. For example, rubbing our eyes, touching our mouths and noses, or biting fingernails. The most common way a pathogen enters a person's body is when they carry the pathogen on their hands, and then carry out such an involuntary (or even voluntary) action, e.g., touching their own face. All that is necessary is for the pathogen to enter any orifice. At that point, and using further involuntary actions like swallowing, the pathogen may move into our throat or windpipe. At this stage it may be too late for our immune systems to pick up. The Covid-19 virus, for example, is not recognised by our immune system until it populates the lungs, at which point the immune system can overcompensate with potentially fatal consequences.

A further consideration for PPE that is configured to protect the face is that it is entirely unsuitable for certain environments, in particular by making people unrecognisable. This raises particular concern where security is important, and is something that criminals (e.g., robbers) may exploit.

The importance of facial expression is well known to people in care or education environments, for example a nurse speaking to a patient, or a teacher addressing young children. Interpreting what a person is saying and any emotion within that message is aided by watching their expression and studying their lip movements. This becomes essential for a deaf person or young child. Various other environments require or are at least aided by the ability to see the entire face, such as where security is important (e.g., airports, shops, etc.).

However, this has not been a consideration for most types of PPE, which have evolved from surgical environments rather than intended for wider use. As such, they typically cover the face to the extent that facial expressions are hidden, or at least distorted.

Additionally, various types of PPE have not been adapted properly for prolonged use, or use outside of well-regulated environments. For example, wearing a face mask strapped to your forehead quickly becomes uncomfortable in most everyday situations, be it on public transport or outside on a hot day.

Accordingly, the present invention is aimed at solving the above problems to provide a relatively simple means to protect humans from being directly infected by a pathogen, such as Covid-19. At the same time, the present invention is also aimed at protecting against indirect infection. Further, the present invention provides better protection to other persons if perchance the users of the new protective equipment are themselves infected with a pathogen, by better containing a cough or sneeze Whilst achieving these aims, the present invention is also aimed at providing a device that is convenient to use in various types of environment, and for everyday use.

SUMMARY

In accordance with various aspects of the invention, there is provided a device for covering the head of a person to protect against transmission of a pathogen, such as viruses and bacteria. The protection against transmission may be both from a user that is already infected (to prevent infection of other persons) and also to protect the wearer of the device from directly breathing in, or directly receiving a pathogen, such as viruses and bacteria (e.g., via their eyes, nose, or mouth), as well as additionally preventing the user from self-infecting themselves by touching their face with infected hands. The device may be personal protective equipment ("PPE") for use in situations where such protection is desired, such as in medical environments, but may additionally, or alternatively be provided for more general use.

In one aspect, the invention provides such a device comprising: a top section configured to rest on top of a person's head; a bottom section configured to surround an upper portion of the person's neck; and a middle section extending between the top and bottom sections, and comprising a sheet of material configured to extend at least around and in front of the person's face, which sheet of material comprises a transparent area at least in the region of the sheet material configured to be located in front of the person's face, wherein the transparent area is sufficiently large to enable the person's entire face to be visible, wherein the top, middle and bottom sections are configured to seal against each other, and the bottom section is configured to seal against the person's neck, such that the top, middle and bottom sections combine to enclose a sealed, interior volume, wherein the device further comprises: one or more inlet valves configured to selectively permit air to travel through the inlet valve and into the interior volume; and one or more outlet valves configured to selectively permit air to travel through the outlet valve and out of the interior volume, such that the device is configured to permit air to enter and leave the interior volume only via the inlet and outlet valves respectively.

This provides a device enclosing a sealed volume around a person's head, for preventing direct and indirect transmission of pathogens. The device connects to the upper part of the person's neck to leave the lower part free, such that the person can nod and rotate freely. In addition, the transparent area of the device permits the person to not only see out, but is also sufficiently large to enable viewing of the person's entire face.

These features combine to provide a device that protects against both direct and indirect pathogens, whilst still being convenient to use in various types of environment, and everyday life. Conventional head masks, or other types of PPE have not been aimed at this broad solution, and do not achieve the above effects in combination.

The device may comprise one or more means configured to collect, neutralise, kill (or "inactivate") pathogens before they enter the interior volume, for example through the inlet valve. This means could comprise one or more filters configured to catch and collect pathogens, wherein the filters may be located adjacent to and upstream of the inlet valve(s). The means may, additionally or alternatively comprise one or more active devices, for example one or more UV lights, lamps or LEDs configured to neutralise, kill (or "inactivate") pathogens as they pass through the filter and/or inlet valve The transparent area of the sheet material may be a continuous (i.e., unbroken) transparent area thereof, to enable quick and easy viewing of the person's face. For example, the sheet material may itself be transparent and could extend at least from the top section (e.g., the forehead) all the way to the bottom section (e.g., the chin), and around the front of the person's face. This permits all facial expressions of the person to be viewed through the transparent area of the sheet. The transparent area may even extend around the head such that the person's head can be viewed from the side, further improving visibility of the person's head inside the interior volume. In some embodiments, the transparent area may extend around the majority of the periphery of the person's head, and in some cases completely around the head. This optimises the device for everyday use.

The top section is configured to be supported and located by the user's head, and may comprise one or more pads to assist with this. The top section may comprise a substantially rigid plate, configured to hold its shape when moved (e.g., picked up, rotated, etc.). The pad(s), where provided, may be located between the rigid plate and the top of the head, in use. For maximum comfort, the pads may be compressible.

The top section forms a main supporting element of the device. The middle section may be configured not to contact the head at all (e.g., be spaced apart completely therefrom). The bottom section contacts the user's neck to provide a seal, which locates the device laterally, but does not support the weight of the device (which is carried by the top section and the top of the user's head). This is distinct from some conventional arrangements, for example where the device rests on the user's shoulders (which is not the case here).

The bottom section of the device is configured to contact the user's head only at the seal with the neck, e.g., using a seal member as described below. The remainder of the bottom section may be spaced apart from the head in use, so that there is no contact therebetween.

Thus, the only parts of the device configured to contact the head may be the top section (contacting only the top of the head) and the bottom section (contacting only the upper portion of the neck at the seal, e.g., via a seal member). As such, the remainder of the head is left free of any contact with the device, reducing the chances of infection, as well as improving the natural look of the person inside and enabling facial expressions to be viewed.

The middle section (including the sheet material thereof) may be tubular and hang from the top section (e.g., a periphery thereof). Accordingly, the device may be configured such that, when assembled and fitted onto a person's head, the interior volume extends around substantially the entire periphery of the person's head. This avoids the device having (or being perceived as having) a tight or uncomfortable fit, and also leads to a more natural look that is quite different to conventional devices, such as a tight-fitting face mask.

The transparent area may be spaced apart from the person's face, so as to avoid any contact between the sheet material and the face. This may be achieved by defining a periphery of the device that surrounds the person's head, and locating the sheet material (including the transparent area) around the periphery.

In an optimised embodiment, the sheet material could include a continuous transparent area extending from the top section to the bottom section, as well as around the majority of the periphery of the device, including the portions surrounding the face, temples, cheeks and, in some case, the ears.

The sheet material may, for example, comprise a transparent screen extending around at least 180 degrees of the periphery of the device. Thus, the sheet material may form a large, clear (transparent) screen/visor around the person's head, enabling their full face and side profile to be viewed. This means that the person inside, and their facial expressions, can be quickly and easily recognised. This is important for various types of situation, including care settings, education, security, etc., as well as everyday life.

The sheet material may be stiff or rigid, such that it holds its shape when moved (e.g., picked up, rotated, etc.). This is possible using, for example, plastic or acetate as noted below.

Moving now to the bottom section, this may be configured to permit the head of a person to pass therethrough, which may be achieved in any suitable manner.

For example, the bottom section could comprise a resilient member that expands to permit the head to pass through, then subsequently retracting to maintain a complete seal around the neck once the device is fitted. This would permit the device to be constructed as a single unit.

The device may be configured to partly disassemble to allow the head to pass through (i.e., into the interior volume) without the face and sides of the head (including the key orifices) needing to contact any portion of the device, before reassembling to enclose the interior volume.

This could be achieved by splitting the bottom section into two or more parts that are connectively hinged together (e.g., using one or more hinges), such that a user can firstly position at least two of the parts on either side of their neck with the hinge (or hinges) open, then close the two parts together to fit the bottom section around and seal onto the neck. A suitable clip or other mechanical fixing device (e.g., magnets) may be used to hold, and seal the two parts together once fitted.

The top and middle sections could be constructed to form a single, movable unit, and which can be moved separately to the bottom section. The unit may be substantially rigid, in that it holds its shape when moved (e.g., picked up, rotated, etc.).

In an optimised embodiment, these two concepts could be combined so that the bottom section could be fitted to the user's neck first, and then the unit forming the top and middle sections subsequently passed over the head and connected to the bottom section. Throughout this single action, no part of the device needs to contact the user's face or the sides of their head.

The bottom section is configured to seal around a person's neck once fitted, and this may be achieved by providing the bottom section with a seal member.

The seal itself needs to be sufficient to prevent passage of air across the seal due to differential pressure created by the user breathing, which can be achieved using an elastomeric ring as described below, although any suitable seal member may be used. This is true of the device generally, in that the sealing between the various parts, including the top, middle and bottom sections should be sufficient to prevent passage of air across the seal due to differential pressure created by the user breathing.

The seal member may be configured to seal the interior volume, by providing a sealing contact around the periphery of the user's neck. The seal member may comprise an elastomeric ring. This could be provided as a partial (e.g., truncated) toroid, having an inverted U' shape (or 'ft), which has the advantage to allow side-to-side/rotational movement of the head whilst maintaining a complete seal against the neck, which does not have to pull away from the neck as the head is moved. The seal member may be split at the front thereof, such that it can separate (e.g., with the two parts of the bottom section described above) to allow the neck to pass through without contacting the seal member.

The seal member may have a fastening mechanism so that, upon fitting the bottom section around the neck, the seal member can be fastened (e.g., like a shirt collar) to ensure a seal is maintained as described above. The fastening mechanism may comprise a hook-and-loop fastener, wherein the hook and loop elements thereof could be provided on surfaces of the seal member that face away from the user's neck, for maximum comfort and ease of use. The fastening mechanism may be configured to allow the seal member to be tightened to a variety of neck sizes, to provide adequate sealing for different sizes of neck. For example, the hook and loop elements could be provided as strips that extend around the circumference of the seal member, and the seal member could be of a split-ring type, in which one arm of the split ring overlaps the other at the front Where the seal member is configured as an inverted 'Li' shape (or 111'), a first leg of the 'IT may be configured to attach to the bottom section, whilst the opposing leg may be configured to press against the neck. The top of the T1' may be slightly curved and extend between the legs, so as to provide sufficient flex in the seal member.

The top of the Ty may have a width (i.e., corresponding to the shortest distance between the legs) that varies around the periphery of the neck. For example, the top may extend between the legs by a maximum distance in the portion of the seal member configured to be located adjacent the front of the head, then the width may progressively decrease (e.g., equally on opposed sides) to a minimum distance in the portion of the seal member configured to be located adjacent the rear of the head. This construction has the advantage to take up the movement of the jaw backwards when the head is pivoted in a nod, which is about the Atlas joint at the head of the spine.

The seal member may be of sufficient resilience to maintain a seal around the person's neck in use. As noted above this seal should remain sufficient to prevent passage of air across the seal due to differential pressure created by the user breathing, but does not need to be a vacuum-proof hermetic seal, for example.

The bottom section, including the seal member may be configured to sit below the person's chin, and spaced therefrom by a distance, which could be sufficient to allow the person to open and close their mouth without contacting the bottom section.

Referring back to the middle section, the sheet of material thereof may comprise a thin sheet of transparent material (e.g., acetate or plastic) that extends at least partially (or completely) around the periphery of the device. The sheet material should be sufficiently rigid such that it holds its shape during any slight pressure changes within the space of the interior volume caused by breathing.

The middle section may be configured to connect to the bottom section via one or more connecting members, wherein the connecting members are configured to seal the middle section against the bottom section, and preferably without affecting the user's vision, or such that their facial features become less visible or not visible at all. For example, the sheet of material may be a substantially tubular member as discussed above, which extends from the top section to a rim, such that the rim defines an entrance to the interior volume, wherein the connecting members may be located at the rim and configured to seal the middle section against the bottom section.

As noted above, this seal should be sufficient to prevent passage of air across the seal due to differential pressure created by the user breathing, but does not need to be a vacuum-proof hermetic seal.

The middle and bottom sections may comprise cooperating sealing devices, which are configured to create a seal therebetween when these sections are connected together as described herein. For example, the sealing devices may comprise magnets configured to meet and ensure a seal between the middle and bottom sections, which permits easy connecting and disconnecting of the two section. However, one or more mechanical fixing devices, such as clip(s) could be used instead of (or in addition to) magnets, which could be configured to hold the sections together in a sealed arrangement.

In an embodiment, one or more of the connecting members may comprise a plurality of magnets configured to cooperate with a plurality of magnets located on the bottom section.

A single connecting member could be provided as a substantially rigid piece (e.g., ring) at the lower end (e.g., rim) of the middle section, and having means to seal the single connecting member against the bottom section.

For example, a plurality of magnets may be positioned around the periphery of the connecting member, which may be configured to cooperate with a plurality of magnets located around a periphery of the bottom section, such that the middle section is able to snap onto an upper surface of the bottom section. The magnets could alternate in polarity around the periphery of each section, which could aid in guiding the two sections together automatically.

Moving now to the inlet and outlet valves, any number of inlet or outlet valves could be provided as desired. For an optimal arrangement, they could be positioned on portions of the top and bottom sections that sit forward of the user's face, creating an air channel through the interior volume between the valves, and in front of the user's eyes, nose and mouth.

The filter provided with the inlet valve could be a disposable filter, such as a paper filter, or a reusable filter that could, for example, be washed in a dishwasher. A UV-C light filter configured to neutralise, kill (or "inactivate") pathogens, e.g., viruses and bacteria, may be used, for example where the filter is required in a fundamentally clean environment.

The inlet and outlet valves may be 'one-way' valves configured to allow fluid (air) to flow through in only one direction, for example the valves could be check, non-return, retention valves, etc. These effectively prevent the user from forcing their exhaled air back through the inlet air system, thus avoiding rebreathing CO2 contaminated air.

The inlet valve could be configured such that air entering the interior volume during an inhalation of breath is discharged against the transparent area, to help minimise the likelihood of condensation on the inside of the cylinder in front of the face.

To reduce the possibility of condensation further, the outlet valves may be located on part of the bottom section adjacent to the user's mouth, nose or chin, or as close as practicable thereto. Generally, the outlet valves could be located in this region to minimise the air path between the user's mouth or nose and the outlet.

Accordingly, in an optimal embodiment the top section may have a filter mounted adjacent to and upstream of the inlet valve(s). Downstream of the filter the inlet valve(s) may be provided as non-return valve(s). At least some of the inlet valves may open out onto the front region of the device (e.g., onto or past the forehead), so that incoming air during inhalation is directed in front of the user's face and past the transparent area. The outlet valve(s) may be mounted on the bottom section, adjacent the base of the middle section and towards the front of the bottom section, below or adjacent to the user's chin. This creates an air channel through the interior volume that reduces the possibility of condensation within the device.

In an optional feature of any of the aspects and embodiments, and still with the aim of reducing condensation, the middle section could comprise a first component made up of the sheet material described above, and at least a second component made up of an additional sheet material located at the rear of the device, for example configured to be positioned behind a user's head. The additional sheet material could have a relatively high coefficient of thermal conductivity as compared to the first component. This would provide a preferential surface for condensation to form. The second component could be a section of thin sheet metal, such as aluminium. As noted above the first component could be formed from acetate or plastic. The second component would restrict neither the user's field of vision, nor an external person's ability to see and recognise the user.

Generally, the device may comprise a battery for powering a number of (optional) electrically powered components. For example, the device may comprise a battery-driven cooling fan, which may be small enough to fit within the device and configured to drive air within the interior volume to keep the air therein moving. This could aid in cooling the user's forehead and face. As noted elsewhere herein, the device may comprise a battery-powered UV light within or adjacent the inlet valve, and configured to neutralise, kill (or "inactivate") pathogens as they enter the interior volume through the inlet valve.

The device may be portable, for example configured as a lightweight, portable unit, or set of sections/units as described above. It is thought that the device should ideally weigh less than about 1 kg for optimum comfort. Lightweight versions of the device could be less than about 750 g, or even less than about 500 g. However, the head is able to support more weight than this and it should be noted that these are not essential features of the broadest aspects of the invention.

The device could comprise one or more additional valves configured to receive a device for consuming drink or food (e.g., a drinking straw) therethrough, so as to permit a user to consume a drink or food without requiring removal of the device. The additional valve may be configured to seal against the device.

For example, the additional valve could comprise a flat elastomeric seal, wherein two or more elastomeric elements (e.g., sheets) extend across an aperture and are normally in sealing contact. The elements may be configured to pull apart to allow the device (e.g., straw) to extend through, and then retract back into sealing contact upon removal of the device.

The additional valves could be located anywhere on the device, but would preferably be located on the bottom section (e.g., adjacent to the user's mouth).

The invention extends to methods of assembling or using the device as described in any of the aspects and embodiments above.

For example, the invention provides a method of assembling the device, the method comprising connecting the top and middle sections together such that they form a single movable unit, as described above, and forming the bottom section as a single movable unit that is separately movable to the unit forming the top and middle sections.

The method further comprises forming the middle and bottom sections to comprise cooperating sealing devices, as described above, such that the unit forming the top and middle sections can be repeatedly connected to and disconnected from the bottom section, wherein a seal is created therebetween upon connecting the units together.

A method of using the device may comprise fitting the bottom section to a user's neck first (e.g., using the hinge mechanism described above), then passing the unit forming the top and middle sections over the user's head (without contacting the face or sides of the head) and such that the top section rests on top of the user's head. At this point the entire weight of this unit will be supported by the top of the user's head.

The step of fitting the bottom section may further comprise sealing the bottom section (e.g., the seal member thereof) around a person's neck, such that the seal is sufficient to prevent passage of air across the seal at the neck, due to differential pressure created by the user breathing.

This step may comprise adjusting and fitting the seal member. For example, once the bottom portion is fitted around the neck (and, e.g., clipped in place), the user may ensure the sealing surfaces are flat against their neck, and then fasten (e.g., tighten) the seal to the extent necessary to ensure the seal is maintained throughout normal use and during breathing.

The method may comprise connecting the middle section to the bottom section to seal the device ready for use. Throughout this procedure, no part of the device may contact the user's face or the sides of their head.

Due to the plug-and-socket nature of the top and middle sections with the bottom section, the invention extends to each of these units separately. That is, the invention, in an aspect that may be claimed independently, provides the top and middle sections as a single movable unit, wherein the middle section comprises means for connecting to a neck section (e.g., the bottom section), which means could comprise clips and/or magnets as discussed above. In a further aspect, which may be claimed independently, the invention provides the bottom section as a single unit, which comprises means for connecting to the unit forming the top and middle sections, which means could comprise clips and/or magnets as discussed above.

The following aspects will be described as an example of the invention comprising a plug-and-socket type arrangement.

In an aspect, the invention provides an assembly comprising: a cap configured to rest on top of a person's head; a sheet of material configured to hang from the cap and extend at least around and in front of a person's face upon wearing the cap, wherein the sheet of material is transparent or comprises a transparent area at least in the region of the sheet material configured to be located in front of the person's face, wherein the transparent area is sufficiently large to enable the person's entire face to be visible, wherein the cap and sheet of material are configured to seal against each other such that the cap and sheet of material combine to define an interior volume, wherein the sheet of material is a substantially tubular member extending from the cap to a rim, such that the rim defines an entrance to the interior volume, wherein the assembly further comprises a means for sealing the rim against an opposing surface, such that the interior volume, containing the person's head in use, can be sealed.

The cap may comprise a one-way valve, which could be an inlet or outlet valve. For example, the one-way valve could be an inlet valve configured to permit air to travel through the inlet valve and into the interior volume. Alternatively, the on-way valve could be an outlet valve configured to permit air to travel through the outlet valve and out of the interior volume.

The means for sealing the rim against an opposing surface may comprise a plurality of magnets configured to cooperate with magnets located on the opposing surface.

In an additional, related aspect of the invention, there is provided a device configured to surround an upper portion of a person's neck and comprising: a seal member configured to seal against and around the person's neck; and a plate-like member configured to extend from the seal member in all directions and comprising an upper surface configured to face the person's head when the seal member seals against and around the person's neck, wherein the plate-like member is split into two or more parts that are connectively hinged together, such that a user can firstly position at least two of the parts on either side of their neck with the hinge (or hinges) open, then close the two parts together to fit the plate-like member around the neck, such that the seal member also seals against and around the person's neck as aforesaid The seal member may have a fastening mechanism as described above, such that upon fitting the bottom section around the neck, the seal member can then be adjusted to fit, and fastened (e.g., like a shirt collar) to ensure the seal is maintained throughout use From a further aspect, the invention provides the assembly and the device of the above two aspects in combination, wherein the upper surface of the plate-like member corresponds to the opposing surface, such that the rim of the assembly can be sealed against the upper surface of the device to seal and enclose the interior volume (containing the user's head).

The invention also extends to a method of using the assembly and the device of the combined aspects described immediately above, the method comprising: fitting the device to a user's neck, such that the seal member seals against and around the user's neck; passing the unit forming the combined cap and sheet material over the user's head, such that the cap rests on top of the user's head; and connecting the rim to the upper surface to seal and enclose the interior volume.

The method may comprise a step of adjusting and fitting the seal member, for example a user may, once the bottom portion (or device) is fitted to the neck, ensure the seal is flat against their neck, and then fasten (e.g., tighten) the seal to the required degree necessary to ensure the seal is maintained throughout normal use and during breathing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 shows a general view of a user (dashed lines) wearing a device (solid lines) according to the present invention; Fig 2 shows a side view of the device shown in Fig. 1, with optional brace members; Fig 3 shows a top view of the device shown in Fig. 1; Fig 4 shows a rear view of the device shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the device shown in Fig 1 and through the line A-A shown in Fig. 2; and Fig. 6 shows a front view of the device shown in Fig. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a device 10 for covering the head 1 of a person. The device 10 is configured to prevent transmission of pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, to the person via their head 1. The device 10 may be personal protective equipment ("PPE"), for use in situations where such protection is desired.

The device 10 may be for general, and even everyday use, but also for more specific applications such as in medical environments (e.g., a hospital or other care setting) as well.

The device 10 comprises a top section 20 configured to sit on top of the user's head 1, which may form a cap for the device 10. The top section 20 is configured to be supported and located by the top of the head 1, which carries the weight of the device. One or more compressible pads (not shown) may be provided for comfort.

The remainder of the device 10 is configured to hang from the top section 20, such that the top section 20 forms the main supporting element of the device 10. As will be explained in more detail below, although the device 10 also contacts the user's neck 2, this is for sealing and to locate the device laterally (i.e., side-to-side).

The weight of the device 10 is not supported substantially Cif at all) by the neck 2.

The device 10 further comprises a bottom section 30 that locates around the neck 2 of the user, such that it encompasses and forms a seal around the upper part of the neck 2. When the device 10 is in use, as shown in Fig. 1, the head 1 and neck 2 extend through an aperture 31 in the bottom section 30.

The device 10 further comprises a middle section 50, which extends between the top and bottom sections 20, 30 and surrounds the periphery of the head 1, so as to enclose a volume 100 defined between the interior surfaces of the device 10 and the head 1.

The top, middle and bottom sections 20, 50, 30 are configured to seal against each other, and the bottom section 30 is configured to seal against the person's neck, such that the top, middle and bottom sections 20, 50, 30 combine to enclose a sealed, interior volume 100 containing the person's head.

At least a front portion 52 of the middle section 50 is transparent, which permits the user to have an unrestricted view out of the device 10. Equally important is that the entirety of the user's face can be seen by an observer nearby to the user.

The device 10 is configured such that the entirety of the face can be seen through the front portion 52, including at least the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth and chin. This is seen to be a particularly new and beneficial feature of the device, and distinguishes it from conventional face masks and other types of PPE that cover these portions of the face.

The top section 20 of the device 10 comprises an inlet valve 22 configured to selectively permit air to travel through the valve 22 and into the interior volume 100. The inlet valve 22 is configured to permit air to travel through upon a decrease in pressure within the volume 100 (e.g., during an inhaling of breath), and not to permit air to travel through upon an increase in pressure with the volume 100 (e.g., during an exhaling of breath). Accordingly, the inlet valve 22 may be a 'one-way' valve configured to allow fluid (air) to flow through it in only one direction, otherwise known as a check, non-return, retention valve, etc. Although a single inlet valve 22 is shown in the illustrations, more may be provided as desired.

The device 10 is also configured to prevent the transmission of a pathogen into the interior volume 100 through the inlet valve 22. This could be through a filter positioned adjacent the valve 22 and configured to catch and collect pathogens in the air prior to it flowing through the valve. Alternatively, an active device such as a battery-powered UV light (which battery may be separated by a feed wire or, preferably, located within the device and in particular the top section 20) could be provided within or adjacent the valve that is configured to neutralise, kill (or "inactivate") pathogens as they enter the interior volume 100 through the valve 22.

The bottom section 30 of the device comprises two outlet valves 32 configured to selectively permit air to travel from the interior volume 100 and out of the device 10 through the outlet valves 32. Again, more or fewer outlet valves 32 could be provided as desired.

Similar to the inlet valve(s) 22, but in reverse, the outlet valve(s) 32 are configured to permit air to travel through upon an increase in pressure within the volume 100 (e.g., during an exhaling of breath), and not to permit air to travel through upon a decrease in pressure with the volume 100 (e.g., during an inhaling of breath). Accordingly, the outlet valve(s) 32 may be 'one-way' valves configured to allow fluid (air) to flow through in only one direction, otherwise known as a check, non-return, retention valve, etc. Accordingly, the inlet and outlet valves 22, 32 work together to ensure that gases (air) within the interior volume 100 enter only through the inlet valve 22 and exit only through the outlet valves 32.

The device 10 may be configured such that, other than the working parts of the valves, none of the materials or components making up the device 10 substantially move upon pressure changes caused by breathing.

Although shown as being positioned on the top and bottom sections 20, 30, the inlet and outlet valves 22, 32 could be located at any suitable location on the device 10. For example, the inlet valve 22 could be located on the bottom section 30, and the outlet valves 32 could be located on the top section 20 However, it is thought that locating them as shown in Fig. 1, that is substantially in front of, and above/below the user's face, and preferably opposed to one another, is particularly beneficial since it aids in airflow and can reduce condensation.

The bottom section 30 further comprises a seal member 70 configured to seal the interior volume 100 by providing a sealing contact around the periphery of the user's neck 2. Although any suitable type of seal member may be used, the seal member 70 shown is an elastomeric ring that extends between the rigid parts of the bottom section 30 and the neck 2. This is beneficially provided as a partial (e.g., truncated) toroid, which allows both side-to-side and up-down movement whilst maintaining a complete seal.

The bottom section may comprise a substantially plate-like member extending in all directions from the seal member 70. This could have an upper surface configured to face the person's head 1 The bottom section 30, and specifically the plate-like member thereof may be split into two parts 36, 38 that are connected by a hinge (or hinges). Accordingly, a user could firstly position the bottom section 30 around their neck 2 with the hinge open, then close the two parts 36, 38 together to fit the bottom section 30 onto the neck 2. A suitable clip or other device (e.g., magnets) may be used to hold the two parts 36, 38 together.

The seal member 70 may be a split-ring, for example split at the front such that it can separate with the two parts 36, 38 of the bottom section 30. The seal member 70 may have a fastening mechanism so that, upon closing the two parts 36, 38 around the neck 2, the seal member 70 can be fastened (e.g., like a shirt collar) to ensure a seal is maintained as described above.

The middle section 50 comprises a tubular sheet material extending from the top section 20 to a rim. The sheet material is illustrated as a substantially oval cylinder, although any suitable tubular shape may be used. As noted above at least the front portion 52 thereof is transparent to permit the whole face to be viewed in use. The sheet material of the middle section 50 may also comprise transparent side portions 54, and could be transparent around the majority of, or even around substantially its entire periphery.

The sheet material of the middle section 50 may be a thin sheet of transparent material (e.g., acetate or plastic) that extends around the periphery of the device 10. The sheet material should be sufficiently rigid such that it holds its shape during normal movement and manipulation of the device 10, and also pressure changes due to breathing (avoiding a 'paper bag' effect).

The middle section 50 is configured to connect to the bottom section 30 via a connecting member 60. This extends around the periphery of the device 10 at the bottom of the middle section 50, for example around the rim of the sheet material, and is configured to attach to the bottom section 30 using any suitable means.

For example, toggle clips or other suitable mechanical fixing device(s) may be used to attach the middle section 50 to the bottom section 30. In a particularly beneficial embodiment, a plurality of magnets may be positioned around the periphery of the connecting member 60, which are configured to cooperate with a plurality of magnets located around the periphery of the bottom section 30, such that the middle section 50 is able to snap onto the bottom section easily. The magnets could alternate in polarity (i.e., North-South-North-etc.) around the periphery of each section 30, 50, which can aid in guiding the two sections together if they are slightly off their correct orientation.

The sheet material forming the majority of the middle section 50 may connect directly to the connecting member 60, and also to the top section 20, such that the top and middle sections 20, 50 form a single unit that can be moved separately to the bottom section 30 prior to use. Accordingly, the bottom section 30 can be fitted first, and then the top and middle 'unit' fitted onto the bottom section 30 using the connecting member 60 in a single action. Throughout this procedure, the user beneficially does not need to touch the top section, or substantially manipulate the device 10.

The sheet material may connect directly to the top section 20, for example during manufacture of the device 10 or upon assembly prior to the first use, after which this connection may be substantially permanent. The sheet material may be removable or replaceable (e.g., using a suitable adhesive), such that it could be easily replaced upon becoming damaged.

Fig. 2 shows a side view of the device 10, and illustrates how it is configured to position around the upper portion of the user's neck 2 As will be appreciated, the device 10 is spaced well apart from the shoulders of a user. This is achieved by providing the top section 20 as the main supporting element, which means that the bottom section does not need to rest on the shoulders. As a result, the device 10 can move easily with the movements of the user's head 1, and does not impede rotation or nodding of the head 1 in use.

As shown in Fig. 2 (but omitted from Fig. 1), the device 10 may comprise optional brace members 56 that extend between the top section 20 and the lower connecting member 60 to provide additional support if desired. The brace members 56 could be thin, rigid rods spaced apart around the periphery of the device.

Although not illustrated, it is thought that the top and bottom sections 20, 30 could join or abut each other at the rear of the device 10. In other words, it is not essential for the transparent middle section 50 to extend completely around the back section of the periphery of the device 10, as this would not interfere with the user's vision, nor an outsider looking in at the user. Such abutting sections, which could be metal (e.g., aluminium), could be used to strengthen the device 10 at the middle section 50 and/or provide a preferential condensation area as described elsewhere herein Fig. 3 shows a top view of the device 10, which illustrates the inlet valve 22.

As is evident from this view, the inlet valve 22 (and filter, if provided) may be of a large cross-sectional area to maximise the cross-sectional area of such a filter, reducing the pressure drop across the filter. This may improve the airflow into the device 10 upon inhaling of breath, making the user's breathing easier and less tiring.

The outlet valves 32 may (collectively) be of a similar cross-sectional area to the inlet valve 22.

Fig. 3 also illustrates the curvature of the device 10 as a whole, wherein the top, middle and bottom sections 20, 30, 50 combine to provide a smooth curvature (or compound curvature) around the periphery of the device 10. This avoids relatively weak, sharp bends, and enables the materials used for the device 10 to be kept as light, thin and stiff/rigid as practicable, such that the device can be worn for long periods (e.g., over the course of a day, or during a long-haul flight).

Fig. 4 shows a rear view of the device 10, illustrating in more detail how the bottom section 30 can be formed using a hinge 42 (or hinges) located at the rear thereof, which enables the two parts 36, 38 to separate so that that bottom section 30 can be fitted around the neck prior to connecting the remainder of the device 10 on top (e.g., the top and middle sections 20, 50 as a unit).

Fig. 5 is a cross section through the device 10 and illustrates the seal member 70 extending between the two parts 36, 38 of the bottom section 30 and the neck 2.

Although any suitable seal member may be used, the seal member 70 in the illustrated embodiment is formed by a partial toroid, or inverted U-shape.

A first leg 72 of the inverted U' (or II) is configured to attach to the bottom section 30, whilst the opposing leg 74 is configured to press against the neck 2 creating a seal for the interior volume. The top 76 of the TV is slightly curved and extends between the legs 72, 74, so as to provide the majority of the flex in the seal member 70. The top 76 of the In' may have a varying width W (i.e., spanning between the legs) around the periphery of the neck 2. For example, the top 76 may extend between the legs 72, 74 by a maximum width W in the portion of the seal member 70 located adjacent the front of the head 1, then the width W may progressively decrease (e.g., equally on opposed sides) to a minimum width W in the portion of the seal member 70 located adjacent the rear of the head 1.

One or more locators may be provided around the periphery of the device 10, for example on the bottom and/or middle sections 30, 50, which locators may be configured to initially locate the sections in their correct orientation prior to or as the sections connect and seal together. This aids in assembly of the device 10 Fig. 6 shows a front view of the device 10, from which it can be seen that substantially the entire face, including the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth and chin can be viewed through the middle section 50. The transparent area of the middle section extends from the top section 20 to the bottom section 30 without interruption, so as to enable the user to have an uninterrupted view out whilst allowing all the user's features to be seen inside the space. As noted above this means the person inside can be recognised immediately, and all of their facial expressions can be discerned.

Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to various embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the accompanying claims.

Claims

CLAIMS: 1. A device for covering the head of a person to protect against transmission of a pathogen, the device comprising: a top section configured to rest on top of a person's head; a bottom section configured to surround an upper portion of the person's neck; and a middle section extending between the top and bottom sections, and comprising a sheet of material configured to extend at least around and in front of the person's face, which sheet of material comprises a transparent area at least in the region of the sheet material configured to be located in front of the person's face, wherein the transparent area is sufficiently large to enable the person's entire face to be visible, wherein the top, middle and bottom sections are configured to seal against each other, and the bottom section is configured to-seal against the person's neck, such that the top, middle and bottom sections combine to enclose a sealed, interior volume, wherein the device further comprises: one or more inlet valves configured to selectively permit air to travel through the inlet valve and into the interior volume; and one or more outlet valves configured to selectively permit air to travel through the outlet valve and out of the interior volume, such that the device is configured to permit air to enter and leave the interior volume only via the inlet and outlet valves respectively.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising one or more means configured to collect, neutralise, kill or inactivate pathogens before they enter the interior volume through the one or more inlet valves.
3. The device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the means comprises one or more filters located upstream of the one or more inlet valves.
4. The device as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the means comprises one or more UV lights, lamps or LEDs configured to neutralise, kill or inactivate pathogens as they pass through the inlet valve and/or one or more filters (if provided).
5. The device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the transparent area of the sheet material is a continuous transparent area extending from the top section to the bottom section, and configured to extend around the front of the person's face.
6. The device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the transparent area is configured to extend around a periphery of the person's head, and such that the person's head is visible when viewed from either side.
7. The device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the top section is configured to be supported and located by the top of the person's head such that the weight of the device is supported by the top of the person's head in use.
8. The device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the sheet material of the middle section is tubular and hangs from the top section, wherein the tubular sheet material is configured to surround the person's head in use, such that the interior volume extends around substantially the entire periphery of the person's head.
9. The device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the device comprises a periphery configured to surround a person's head, and the transparent area is located in the periphery, such that it is spaced apart from the person's face.
10. The device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the device is configured to partly disassemble to allow the head to pass into the interior volume without the face and sides of the head contacting the device, before reassembling to enclose the interior volume.
11. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bottom section is split into two or more parts that are connected by one or more hinges, such that a user can firstly position at least two parts on either side of their neck with the hinge (or hinges) open, then close the at least two parts together to fit the bottom section onto the neck.
12. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the top and middle sections are constructed to form a single, movable unit, which can be moved separately to the bottom section.
13. The device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the bottom section comprises a seal member configured to seal against the person's neck as 25 aforesaid.
14. The device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the seal member is configured as a ring-like resilient member having an inverted shape (or 11).
15. The device as claimed in claim 14, wherein a first leg of the Ili is configured to attach to the bottom section, whilst the opposing leg may be configured to press against the neck, and the top of the In' extends between the legs and is configured to flex in use.
16. The device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the bottom section comprises a substantially plate-like member configured to face the person's head and sit below their chin.
17. The device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the middle section is configured to connect to the bottom section via one or more connecting members, wherein the connecting members are configured to seal the middle section against the bottom section.
18. The device as claimed in claim 17, wherein the one or more connecting members comprise a plurality of magnets configured to cooperate with a plurality of magnets located on the bottom section.
19. The device as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising a cooling fan configured to blow air into and/or around the interior volume.
20. An assembly comprising: a cap configured to rest on top of a person's head; a sheet of material configured to hang from the cap and extend at least around and in front of a person's face upon wearing the cap, wherein the sheet of material is transparent or comprises a transparent area at least in the region of the sheet material configured to be located in front of the person's face, wherein the transparent area is sufficiently large to enable the person's entire face to be visible, wherein the cap and sheet of material are configured to seal against each other such that the cap and sheet of material combine to define an interior volume, wherein the sheet of material is a substantially tubular member extending from the cap to a rim, such that the rim defines an entrance to the interior volume, wherein the assembly further comprises a means for sealing the rim against an opposing surface, such that the interior volume, containing the person's head in use, can be sealed.
21 The assembly as claimed in claim 20, wherein the cap comprises a one-way valve configured to selectively permit air to travel into, or out from the interior volume.
22. The assembly as claimed in claim 20 or 21, wherein the means for sealing the rim against an opposing surface comprises a plurality of magnets configured to cooperate with magnets located on the opposing surface.
23 A device configured to surround an upper portion of a person's neck and comprising: a seal member configured to seal against and around the person's neck and a plate-like member configured to extend from the seal member in all directions and comprising an upper surface configured to face the person's head when the seal member seals against and around the person's neck, wherein the plate-like member is split into two or more parts that are connectively hinged together, such that a user can firstly position at least two of the parts on either side of their neck with the hinge (or hinges) open, then close the two parts together to fit the plate-like member around the neck, such that the seal member also seals against and around the person's neck as aforesaid.
24 The assembly as claimed in any of claims 20-22 and the device as claimed in claim 23 in combination, wherein the upper surface of the plate-like member corresponds to the opposing surface, such that the rim of the assembly can be sealed against the upper surface of the device to seal and enclose the interior volume.
25. A method of using the assembly as claimed in any of claims 20-22 and the device as claimed in claim 23, the method comprising: fitting the device to a user's neck, such that the seal member seals against and around the user's neck; passing the combined cap and sheet material over the user's head, such that the cap rests on top of the user's head; and connecting the rim to the upper surface to seal and enclose the interior volume.