GB2587320A

GB2587320A - Apparatus for physical exercise

Info

Publication number: GB2587320A
Application number: GB1911664.9A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Skrzypczynski Jacob; Hinojosa William
Original assignee: Ntrena Ltd
Current assignee: Ntrena Ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-15
Filing date: 2019-08-15
Publication date: 2021-03-31
Also published as: GB201911664D0

Abstract

There is disclosed herein apparatus for physical exercise 100, comprising a means 116 for resisting a force applied by a user, said means for resisting being configured to be attachable to an exercise machine for use, and means for adjusting the resistance of the means for resisting in dependence on received data. The resistance means may comprise a fluid power mechanism such as a hydraulics or pneumatics actuator. The resistance means may be adjusted dynamically in response to the user’s performance or historical data. The system may comprise a means of stopping the apparatus upon receiving a signal for a critical condition. The system may configure the exercise and apparatus in dependence on user body measurements. Also disclosed is an apparatus for strength training. Also disclosed is a system for physical exercise that comprises a plurality of exercise machined that are in communication with a computing device.

Description

APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL EXERCISE

The present invention relates to an apparatus for physical exercise, in particular, strength training. The invention extends to a system for physical exercise and a method of using at least one apparatus.

Physical exercise and strength training often involves the use of dedicated machines (referred to as exercise machines). Many exercise machines are often provided in gyms. Fitness enthusiasts and professional gym users may face at least some of the following problems when using exercise machines in a gym: * Injuries due to overload, slippage, body failure, and other accidents while lifting weights.

* Low efficacy of training due to lack of knowledge.

* 1 to 1 training by professional trainers can be expensive and out of reach for many.

* Unavailability of an appropriate "spotting" partner. This can lead to injuries and other accidents.

* Training in unfamiliar gyms leads to inefficient training sessions.

* Lack of motivation and support can lead to membership cancellation.

The present invention aims to at least partially mitigate at least some of the above problems.

Aspects and embodiments of the present invention are set out in the appended claims.

These and other aspects and embodiments of the invention are also described herein.

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for physical exercise (in particular for strength training), comprising means for resisting a force applied by a user; said means for resisting being configured to be attachable to an exercise machine for use; and means for adjusting the resistance of the means for resisting in dependence on received data.

This may allow traditional gym equipment to be enhanced to allow adjustment of resistance based on received data, which may improve safety, ease of use, and efficiency of training. -2 -

Preferably, the exercise machine is a weight machine and, in use, the means for resisting resists a force applied by a user instead of the weights used in the weight machine. The means for resisting may comprise a fluid power mechanism.

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for physical exercise On particular for strength training), comprising means for resisting a force applied by a user; wherein the means for resisting comprises a fluid power mechanism; and means for adjusting the resistance of the means for resisting in dependence on received data.

Use of a fluid power mechanism On particular a pneumatic or hydraulic mechanism) may provide an improved load sensation which may be more ergonomic, which may thereby improve efficiency of training.

Preferably, the means for resisting comprises a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator.

Optionally, the data is received from an external computing device.

Preferably, the data relates to a plan of resistances for training for a particular user; optionally based on historical performance data for the particular user.

Optionally, the apparatus also comprises a means for sensing the user's performance, wherein the received data is received from the means for sensing.

Preferably, the means for adjusting the resistance is configured to adjust the resistance dynamically in response to the user's performance; optionally to reduce resistance in response to a decrease in performance or increase resistance in response to performance being better than expected; optionally wherein the adjusting is performed in response to a comparison of the user's performance with respect to a training plan.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises means for stopping the apparatus in the event of received sensor data indicating the presence of a critical condition.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting data from the means for sensing to a remote client; optionally wherein said remote client is the or an external computing device. -3 -

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises means for adjusting the set-up of one of: the apparatus; and at least one support for a user when using the apparatus; optionally, wherein said at least one support is part of the or an exercise machine.

According to a further aspect of the disclosure a method of using at least one apparatus for physical exercise is provided comprising: providing at least one apparatus for physical exercise according to the present disclosure; using a computing device, generating an exercise routine for a user; transmitting at least part of the exercise routine to the at least one apparatus; and adjusting the resistance of the means for resisting in dependence on the exercise routine Preferably the method comprises providing a plurality of apparatus; and transmitting at least the relevant parts of the exercise routine to each of the apparatus; wherein the exercise routine relates to exercises in respect of each of the plurality of apparatus.

Optionally the method further comprises receiving data relating to the availability of at least one of the plurality of apparatus at the computing device; and generating the exercise routine at least partially based on said availability data; optionally the data relating to the availability of each of the apparatus is transmitted from the each apparatus.

Optionally the method further comprises receiving data related to user performance at the computing device.

Optionally, the method further comprises implementing at least one of the following steps: at the computing device, generating an updated exercise routine at least partially based on the user performance data; dynamically adjusting the resistance based on user performance; and providing feedback on user performance, for example via speakers of the computing device.

Optionally, the method further comprises, using the computing device, receiving body measurements of a user; transmitting the same to the at least one apparatus; and automatically configuring the apparatus in dependence on the body measurements.

According to a further aspect of the disclosure a system for physical exercise is provided comprising: a plurality of exercise machines; and a computing device; wherein the plurality of exercise machines are each in communication with the computing device. -4 -

Preferably, each of the plurality of exercise machines comprises means for adjusting the resistance of the exercise machine in dependence on data received from the computing device.

Preferably, the plurality of exercise machines are each configured to record data associated with a particular user; and transmit the same to the computing device; wherein the computing device is configured to determine an exercise plan for a user at least partially in dependence on the received data associated with the user.

Preferably, the plurality of exercise machines are each configured to record data associated with the availability of each exercise machine; and transmit the same to the computing device; wherein the computing device is configured to determine an exercise routine for a user at least partially in dependence on an availability of each of the plurality of exercise machines.

Preferably, communication between the plurality of exercise machines and the computing device is via a cloud server.

Preferably, each of the plurality of exercise machines comprises an apparatus for strength training according to the present disclosure.

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for physical exercise, the apparatus comprising means for resisting a force applied by a user; and further comprising at least some of the following features: * the means for resisting being configured to be attachable to an exercise machine for use; * the means for resisting being a fluid power (hydraulic or pneumatic) mechanism; * means for adjusting the resistance of the means for resisting in dependence on received data; * means for sensing the user's performance On overcoming the resistance); * means for pre-setting load/resistance values for the user based on at least one of: personal goals, historical performance data, science-based training methodologies; * means for de-loading the weight/resistance based on current performance; * means for gathering current performance data from real-time sensors; o the sensors being distributed o the sensors being accelerometers and/or strain gauges -5 - * means for automatically stopping and applying brakes to the system when an abnormal use is detected, preventing injuries and accidents.

* means for automatically adding load/resistance to the system whilst in use, to increase the difficulty of the exercise if desired; * means for manually turning off the system if needed, at any time, as long as such action does not put the user at risk or traps the user; * means for uploading user data to a cloud server to be used on any similar device around the world; * means for downloading data from a cloud server; * means for uploading user data to a user client device, such as a smartphone,; * means for downloading data from a user client device, such as a smartphone; * means for forecasting current gym usage; * means for modifying the or a training plan according to a forecast of exercise machine availability, for example to minimize training time; * means for providing the training plan to a scheduler or planner system, for example, of a gym or fitness studio, to book exercise machines for use by the user.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a computer program product comprising software code adapted to carry out the methods described herein.

The invention extends to methods, system and apparatus substantially as herein described and/or as illustrated with reference to the accompanying figures.

The invention also provides a computer program or a computer program product for carrying out any of the methods described herein, and/or for embodying any of the apparatus features described herein, and a computer readable medium having stored thereon a program for carrying out any of the methods described herein and/or for embodying any of the apparatus features described herein.

The invention also provides a signal embodying a computer program or a computer program product for carrying out any of the methods described herein, and/or for embodying any of the apparatus features described herein, a method of transmitting such a signal, and a computer product having an operating system which supports a computer program for carrying out the methods described herein and/or for embodying any of the apparatus features described herein. -6 -

Any feature in one aspect of the invention may be applied to other aspects of the invention, in any appropriate combination. In particular, method aspects may be applied to apparatus aspects, and vice versa. As used herein, means plus function features may be expressed alternatively in terms of their corresponding structure, such as a suitably programmed processor and associated memory.

Furthermore, features implemented in hardware may generally be implemented in software, and vice versa. Any reference to software and hardware features herein should be construed accordingly.

As used herein, the term 'computing device' preferably connotes a device including a computer processing unit. This may be a remote client device, such as a smartphone, laptop or tablet computer, a personal computer, or a server.

As used herein, the term 'server' preferably connotes a 'cloud server' (i.e. a server implemented via a cloud computing platform, for example based on a plurality of networked and optionally distributed servers operating to provide a shared computing resource). Any reference to a 'server' in the singular should accordingly be understood also to refer to the plural, and vice versa.

As used herein, the term "fluid power" preferably connotes the of fluids under pressure to generate, control, and transmit power; and references to the same preferably should be understood to include references to hydraulics and pneumatics.

The invention will now be described by way of example, with references to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 shows an exercise machine with an apparatus according to an aspect of the disclosure installed to replace a weight stack; Figure 2 shows a functional module diagram of the apparatus and two external computing devices; Figure 3 shows a method of using the apparatus for physical exercise; Figure 4A and Figure 4B show a method of performing an exercise routine; and Figure 5 shows a system for physical exercise.

Detailed description -7 -

Figure 1 shows an example of a conventional exercise machine 100 with the conventional weights 118 replaced by an apparatus 116 according to an aspect of the disclosure. The exemplary exercise machine 100 comprises a frame 102, an adjustable seat 104, a cable 106, a means for the user to apply force 108, such as a bar or handle, which is connected to a first end 110 of the cable 106, the cable 106 running over a system of pulleys 112 and connected at a second end 114 of the cable 106 to a means for resisting 116 the force applied by the user.

The exercise machine 100 illustrated is a weight machine for strength training, although it will be appreciated that the present disclosure may also be applicable to endurance-based exercise equipment, such as exercise bikes, ergometers, cross trainers, and similar equipment configured to provide resistance to an endurance exercise. It will be appreciated that the apparatus 116 may be configured to be adaptable to any existing exercise machine, reducing the need to dispose of current exercise machines in favour of new ones.

Conventionally, a weight machine is configured such that the force applied by the user lifts one or more weights 118 arranged in a weight stack 120. The total weight of the weight stack 120 that will resist the user's force is usually adjustable, for example, by the user manually setting the desired weight by means of a pin 122 insertable to a weight of the weight stack 120.

In the illustrated example, the weight stack 120 of the exercise machine has been removed and replaced instead by an apparatus 116 comprising an alternative means of resistance, more specifically an apparatus 116 comprising a fluid power mechanism 124.

The fluid power mechanism 124 has a base 126 that is securable to the frame 102 of the exercise machine 100 or to the floor. The fluid power mechanism 124 may comprise a piston with a piston rod 128 attached to the piston that extends from the fluid power mechanism 124. The piston rod 128 of the fluid power mechanism 124 is attachable to the cable 106 of the exercise machine 100 such that, when attached, when the user pulls on the bar 108 a force is applied to the piston of the fluid power mechanism 124. The fluid pressure of the fluid power mechanism 124 is configured to provide the resistance to the force applied by the user. The fluid pressure of the fluid power mechanism 124 is configured to be adjustable. The apparatus 116 comprises both the fluid power mechanism 124 and a means for varying or adjusting the resistance of the fluid power mechanism 124. -8 -

The means for adjusting the resistance of the fluid power mechanism 124 may be configured to adjust or vary the resistance in response to data. The adjustment may be made automatically and/or dynamically in response to received data. In one example, the means for adjusting the resistance of the fluid power mechanism 124 is an electromechanically assisted gear. For example, if the fluid power mechanism 124 is a pneumatic actuator then the resistance of the pneumatic actuator may be adjusted by varying the air pressure inside the pneumatic actuator. The electromechanically-assisted gear may be provided configured to control the air pressure of the pneumatic actuator by controlling the air supply to the pneumatic actuator in response to received data.

The resistance of the fluid power mechanism 124 is configured to be adjustable so that a user or user(s) can train on the exercise machine 100 with different levels of resistance, or different users are able to use the apparatus 116 according to their needs or the needs of their particular exercise routine. The resistance of the fluid power mechanism 124 may be adjustable by varying the fluid pressure of the fluid power mechanism 124.

In the illustrated example, with the fluid power mechanism 124 installed attached to the exercise machine, the user sits on the seat 104 of the exercise machine 100 and pulls downwards on the bar 108. The cable 106 therefore acts to pull on the piston rod 128 of the fluid power mechanism 124 in a direction axial to the piston rod 128. The force applied by the user which pulls the piston rod 128 is resisted by the fluid pressure of the fluid power mechanism 124 resisting movement of the piston, thereby replacing the weight of the weight stack 120 which would ordinarily provide the resistance to the force applied by the user.

A pneumatic actuator is one example of a means for resisting which can be configured to resist a force applied by a user to an exercise machine 100. Other examples may be applicable 106 including alternative fluid power mechanisms 124, for example, hydraulic actuators or oil actuators. The means of resistance need not be a fluid power mechanism 124; alternatives may include, adjustable weight stacks or elastic resisting members such as resistance bands. An advantage of pneumatic actuators, or fluid power mechanisms more generally, may be to provide a better load sensation to the user, and one that has better ergonomics, which provides better results in terms of gained strength and power by, for example, providing consistent resistance throughout a user's range of motion.

With reference to Figure 2, electronics 130 may be provided for the apparatus 116. The electronics 130 may comprise one or more of: sensors, sensor boards, power supply and distribution electronics for the apparatus 116, control electronics and a means for -9 -providing a graphical user interface. The electronics 130 of the apparatus 116 may be configured to receive data from one or more computing devices 136a 136b and/or transmit data to one or more computing devices 136a 136b. The computing device 136a 136b may be an external computing device 136a 136b and may comprise one or more of: a client device of the user, a remote server or a cloud computing service. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment there are two extemal computing devices, a smartphone 136a and a remote server 136b. Although it will be appreciated that the necessary functionality could be provided at a single external computing device.

The sensors are configured to sense performance data of the user of the apparatus 116 or exercise machine 100. The sensors may be arranged in a sensor network. The sensors may be accelerometers, strain gauges, position sensors or any other sensor configured to sense a performance of an exercise by the user. The sensors may also be sensors configured to sense characteristics of the user, for example physical characteristics such as height, and weight, or, more pertinently, characteristics of the user which may vary during the performance of exercise, such as heart rate. The sensors may also be configured to sense characteristics of the environment of the apparatus 116 or the exercise machine 100 in which it is installed, such as, proximity of a user or a user's device, ambient temperature, noise, and local footfall.

Control software 134 for the apparatus 116 is provided configured to control the apparatus 116 in response to received data. The control software may be responsible for detecting critical conditions in the received data which necessitate safely stopping the apparatus 116. The control software also controls the means for adjusting the resistance of, say, the fluid power mechanism 124 in response to the received data.

The apparatus electronics 130 are configured to perform processing tasks on the sensor data, such as determining whether the sensor data indicates a critical safety condition. Determining the whether the sensor data indicates a critical safety condition at the electronics 130 of the apparatus 116, for example, by means of the control software 134, may have the advantage of providing the fast and reliable implementation of the safety features, not relying on wireless data transmission. The processed data may be transmitted to the client device 136a of the user, or a further external computing device 136b, for example, a cloud computing server.

A remote client device 136a may be provided, which may be a smartphone of the user. An application 132 or "app" is provided on the client device through which the user may enter data manually. The app 132 may also collect sensor data through sensors of the -10 -smartphone, such as its accelerometer(s) or position sensor(s). Sensor data may also be provided by fitness trackers or wearables of the user to the client device 136a. The data input by the user may comprise, though is not limited to, physical characteristics of the user (age, height, weight, etc.), fitness goals of the user, and performance data. The app 132 may also provide data to a further external computing device 136b by transmission over a wired or wireless connection. The smartphone app 132 may be configured to receive data, for example, from the sensors or sensor network associated with the exercise machine 100 or apparatus 116 for physical exercise, or from the further external computing device 136b. The smartphone app 132 may store received data locally on the client device, this may include performance logs, received sensor data and the input user data, which may be later analysed to help improve the user experience or fitness performance and provide feedback on the efficacy of the training methods. The app 132 may be configured to process received or input data. The app 132 may also provide information to the user, for example, by displaying information on a display of a user device, or, via sound through the speakers of the user's device, headphones or a headset.

A further computing device 136b, such as a cloud computing server, may also be provided. The computing device 136b may be configured to receive data from the exercise machine 100, apparatus 116 or client device 136a. The computing device 136b may be configured to transmit data to the exercise machine 100, apparatus 116 or client device 136a. For example, the sensor data may be transmitted to the computing device 136b. The computing device 136b may be configured to perform processing tasks on the data, such as determining whether the sensor data indicates a critical safety condition.

The processed data may be transmitted to the client device of the user, the apparatus 116 or exercise machine(s) 100.

The resistance of the fluid power mechanism 124 may be adjusted in dependence on the data recorded by the one or more sensors. The sensor data may comprise real-time data that may be continuously transmitted to and/or continuously received by the means for adjusting the resistance of the fluid power mechanism 124. This may occur over a wired or wireless connection between the sensors and the control electronics. The means for adjusting the resistance may be configured, by means of the control software 134, to adjust the resistance dynamically in response to data related to the performance of the user. This dynamic adjustment may include increasing the resistance of the fluid power mechanism 124 when sensor data indicates that the user is performing the exercise too easily, or decreasing the resistance of the fluid power mechanism 124 when the data indicates that the user is finding the exercise more difficult.

The illustrated apparatus 116 pre-sets the resistance values of the apparatus 116 for the user based on the data which may include the physical characteristics of the user, personal goals and historical performance data. The setting of the resistance values is performed by the control electronics of the apparatus 116. As the user performs the exercise on the exercise machine, the apparatus 116 gathers performance data from sensors. The apparatus 116 adjusts the resistance of the apparatus 116 based on the performance of the user as recorded by the sensors. This adjustment may include automatically stopping the apparatus 116 or exercise machine 100 safely, for example, by applying a brake to the system when an abnormal use is detected to prevent injuries and accidents. The apparatus 116 continuously monitors through sensors the position and speed of the lifting element 108 for dangerous conditions and is able to trigger safety measures to prevent injuries. A brake may be applied in response to a critical condition being detected by the control software 134. This critical condition may be derived from data received from one or more sensors or an external computing device. The apparatus 116 can also dynamically increase the resistance of the fluid power mechanism 124 while in use, to increase the difficulty of the exercise if desired, or if the data indicates that the user is finding the exercise too easy, or to decrease the resistance of the fluid power mechanism 124 if sensor data indicates that the user is firing or struggling at the current resistance, for example, by detecting a decrease in the speed of the exercise or in the range of motion of the apparatus 116 or exercise machine 100 being achieved by the user. The apparatus 116 can be manually turned off, or the brake applied, at any time as needed thereby adding a further level of safety.

The apparatus 116 is configured to upload user performance data to an external computing device 136a 136b. The data can be stored at one or more external computing devices, and can be accessed by any similar apparatus 116 around the world. Thus, a user entering an unfamiliar gym, for example while on holiday, may have the equipment set up for him/her automatically thereby providing a smoother and more efficient workout experience.

With reference to Figure 3, a method 200 of using apparatus 116 for physical exercise is described. One or more apparatus 116 for physical exercise may be provided 202. This may be a number of apparatus 116 each attached to an exercise machine 100 within a gym environment. A computing device 136a is also provided. The apparatus 116 is/are in communication with the computing device 136a.

-12 -The computing device 136a generates 202 an exercise routine for the user. The exercise routine may comprise a plan of exercises for a user to perform, a plan of exercise machines 100 for the user to use, and a plan of resistances for the apparatus 116 to be used. The exercise routine may be generated in dependence on a number of factors, including but not limited to, a strength or fitness goal of the user, the user's body measurements such as height or current weight, or an injury or disability of the user.

The computing device 136a may receive data input by the user by a client device of the user, for example, through the smartphone app 132. The exercise routine may be generated at least in part in dependence on this user data. Where the user data comprises body measurements, generating the exercise routine may also include transmitting this data to the exercise machines 100 such that the exercise machine's seat 104, backrest, bench height, bar 108 height or other set-up parameters can be automatically adjusted to suit the user before they begin use of the exercise machine 100.

At least a part of the exercise routine is transmitted 206 to each of the apparatus 116, so that the exercise machine 100 can be set up in accordance with the exercise routine.

This may include the plan of resistances for that apparatus 116, or set up data related to the body measurements of the user, for adjusting the exercise machine 100 so that the user can use it safely and comfortably, for example by setting the correct seat 104 or bench height. Suitable actuators may be provided in this regard. The parts of the exercise routine relevant to each apparatus 116 can be transmitted 206 to that apparatus 116. It is, of course, possible that each apparatus 116 can receive data related to the other apparatus 116 according the exercise routine which may, for example, allow certain exercises to be adjusted in dependence on the user's performance of a previous exercise.

The apparatus is adjusted 208 based on the part or whole of the exercise routine that is transmitted to it by the computing device. Adjusting 208 the apparatus may comprise adjusting, by the means of adjusting, the resistance of the means of resisting. Adjusting 208 may comprise an initial adjustment to set the resistance of the exercise before the user performs said exercise, and may further include adjusting the resistance dynamically during the exercise in response to received data.

The exercise routine itself may be adjusted during the performance of the exercise routine in response to, for example, data from the gym, the exercise machine 100 or -13 -apparatus 116. This may include data related to the availability of the exercise machines 100, for example, indicating that an exercise machine 100 is, or is forecast to be, in heavy use or fully-booked" for example by a number of other users. In response, the exercise routine may be updated to give the user alternative exercises or exercise machines 100 to use, or may re-order the exercise routine so that an exercise machine is used at a time when it is forecast to be free.

Each of the apparatus 116 may provide user performance data to the computing device 136a. The exercise routine can be updated in dependence on this user performance data. The computing device 136a may determine an updated plan of resistances for the apparatus 116 and dynamically adjust the resistances based, at least in part, on the user performance data. This updated plan of resistances may include increasing the resistance of the apparatus 116, when sensor data indicates that the user is performing the exercise with ease, or decreasing the resistance of apparatus 116 when the data indicates that the user is finding the exercise more difficult.

Figures 4A and 4B describe a more detailed method 300 for physical exercise, encompassing an exemplary full training session for at gym comprising a number of compatible exercise machines 100.

According to step 302, the user identifies his/her goals and enters the data into the system through the app 132. The data may be data related to the characteristics and goals of the user. For example, the user's age, weight, height, main body measurements, personal goals (increase strength, muscle size, endurance, weight/fat loss) pre-existing medical conditions, training experience and desired or average training time. It may not be necessary for the user to input this data before each session of physical exercise. The system stores data about the user and monitors the user's progress against their goals.

According to step 304, a virtual trainer is enabled which will guide the user through the exercise routine. The virtual trainer may be initialised when the user is in proximity of a fitness studio equipped with gym equipment making use of the system. The initialisation of the virtual trainer may be triggered by the user client device connecting to the gym or fitness studio's WiFiTM, or by placing the user's device by an NFCTM receiver, for example, an NFCTM receiver may be provided at the reception or entrance to the fitness studio. At this point the fitness studio may be provided with some or all of the details of the user's exercise routine and book the exercise machines for use in dependence on the user's exercise routine.

-14 -Once the exercise routine begins 306, the virtual trainer may provide guidance to the user via a remote client device of the user, for example a smartphone or tablet, or a display of the exercise machine 100. The guidance may comprise voice commands, text instructions, or media content such as demonstration videos of the exercises. At this stage the virtual personal trainer starts the guidance using voice commands, using the user's client device's own speaker or wired or wireless headphones or headsets.

The virtual trainer guides the user to the first exercise machine to use, and will set up 308 the exercise machine 100 for this user. This setup may include: preferred seat 104 or bench setting; and, setting the resistance of the apparatus 116 to a specific level according to the exercise routine, based on several factors such as but not limited to: experience, individual goals, age, medical conditions and historic performance data Of any). A booking of the exercise machine for a period of time may be automatically made when the user's client device is brought into proximity with an NFCTM receiver provided associated with the particular machine.

Upon starting the exercise 310, the virtual personal trainer will provide feedback 312 based on the current performance of the user as captured 316 by the sensors. The sensors may be those provided at the apparatus, the client device of the user, or any other appropriate sensors in communication with the virtual trainer. This feedback may be voice feedback and may include but is not limited to: current set and repetition number, encouraging and motivating phrases, reminders (such as but not limited to: "keep breathing", "keep your elbows locked in", "remember to squeeze at the end", and so on).

The exercise machine 100 or apparatus 116 is adjusted 314 during use. For example, upon detecting 316 by the sensors that the user is approaching fatigue, the system can reduce the resistance level accordingly to help the user complete the required number of repetitions and/or sets. The system may also apply automatic brakes and stop the motion of any moving parts if a critical condition is detected 316 that can result in user injuries or damage to the apparatus exercise machine. The system can increase the resistance during a workout to increase the effort level if the present resistance level is perceived to be too easy.

Once the exercise ends 318, the virtual trainer directs the user to the next exercise machine to be used in the exercise routine or can indicate the end of a session. The system can keep track of resting time of the user, and provide indications of remaining time to the user. The rest and/or recovery time is assigned and calculated based on data -15 -such as, but not limited to: individual goals, current level of difficulty/effort, time remaining and other relevant factors.

The system can accommodate a second user automatically if required; in this case the preferred bench/seat 104 comfort positions are modified automatically for each user prior to its use, as well as each of the users' required level of resistance.

The exercise routine generated by the computing device 136a uses data from the studio or gym, such as available exercise machines 100, current gym usage and available time for the session, and prepare or adjust an exercise routine or training plan for the user tailored not just to the user, but to the time and gym in question.

At the end of the workout session 318, the system may prepare a summary containing workout information such as calories burnt and training time, milestones, current progress and any other information that might be of interest or relevance to the user.

The virtual trainer may go beyond the exercises performed as part of the generated exercise routine and further guide the user, even outside of the gym, for example: recommending foods and quantities to eat, suggesting times to eat and drink, calculating calories, and recommending supplements to consume to reach the user's goals.

Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary system 400 for physical exercise which is configured to implement smart physical exercise routines as discussed herein. The system comprises a plurality of exercise machines 100 (one shown), and a computing device(s). In the illustrated embodiment, the computing device is a distributed computing system comprises a cloud computing server 402 and a smartphone 404. More generally, the computing device may be an external computing device provided at a server, in particular a cloud server 402. The exercise machines or apparatus 116 may communicate with the computing device(s) by a wireless communications network, for example, a cellular telephone network, e.g. using a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and/or Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and/or 5G protocol, a wireless local area network, e.g. a Wi-FiTM network, a Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) network, e.g. Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) network, a BluetoothTM network or such like. The computing device(s) may also comprise a smartphone 404 or client device of a user in communication with the server, and which may also be in communication with the exercise machines 100 or apparatus 116. The steps of the various methods described may be performed by computing devices provided anywhere in the described communications network. It will be appreciated that various structures of the network are possible, for example, a plurality -16 -of apparatus 116 or exercise machines 100 within a single gym 406 may communicate via an intranet or local area network of the gym 406 with a central computing device of the gym which in turn may communicate with user device 404 and/or a cloud computing server 402. Alternatively, apparatus 116 might communicate directly with a user client device 404, via cellular telephone networks or wireless intemet connections or via short range communications channels such as NFCTM or Bluetooth TM protocols, or directly with the cloud computing server 402.

In the illustrated system, a smartphone 404 is configured to receive data from the user; this data might be entered via an app 132 on the user's smartphone 404. The smartphone 404 also receives sensor data from the plurality of exercise machines 100. The smartphone 404 is configured to transmit both the data input by the user and the data received from the exercise machines 100 and apparatus 116 to the cloud computing server 402.

In the illustrated example, the cloud computing server 402 is configured to receive data from the user and may also receive data from a plurality of users of the exercise machines, and may further receive information from a plurality of gym studios. The cloud computing server 402 is configured to generate an exercise routine for the user in dependence on the data received from: the user(s), the gym(s) 406 and the exercise machines 100. The cloud computing server 402 may be configured to transmit the exercise routine to the smartphone 404 of the user, so that a virtual trainer provided at the client device 404 can guide the user through the exercise routine. The user may also be able to view and edit the exercise routine manually via their client device 404, e.g. through the smartphone app 132. The cloud computing server 402 is also configured to transmit the exercise routine, or parts thereof, to the adjustment means 408 provided at the exercise machines. The adjustment means 408 might be configured to adjust a resistance of the exercise machine or to adjust a user support, such as a seat. In particular, the exercise machines may have installed the apparatus 116 comprising a means for resisting with a means for adjusting the resistance. The means for adjusting the apparatus 116 is configured to adjust the apparatus 116 automatically for the user in response to data received from the user's smartphone 404 or the cloud computing server 402.

Alternatively, the user client device 404 is configured to receive data from the user and may also receive data from a plurality of users of the exercise machines, and may further receive information from a plurality of gym studios. The user client device is configured to generate an exercise routine for the user in dependence on the data received from: the -17 -user(s), the gym(s) 406, the cloud computing server 402 and the exercise machines 100. The user may also be able to view and edit the exercise routine manually via the client device 404, e.g. through the smartphone app 132. The user client device 404 is also configured to transmit the exercise routine, or parts thereof, to the adjustment means 408 provided at the exercise machines. The adjustment means 408 might be configured to adjust a resistance of the exercise machine or to adjust a user support, such as a seat. In particular, the exercise machines may have installed the apparatus 116 comprising a means for resisting with a means for adjusting the resistance. The means for adjusting the apparatus 116 is configured to adjust the apparatus 116 automatically for the user in response to data received from the user's smartphone 404 or the cloud computing server 402.

The cloud computing server 402 may be configured to provide data to a plurality of user devices and a plurality of exercise machines. The cloud computing server may comprises a central repository of data collected from users of the system or client gyms and fitness studios. The cloud computing server may be updated to store information on the advances or innovations in training techniques, which can subsequently be used to improve or update exercise routines generated for the users of the system to ensure the exercise routines presented to the user represent the most recent developments in sport science and allow the user access to a scientifically-based and continually-evolving training program.

In the illustrated example, the apparatus 116 is configured to provide feedback to the user's smartphone 404, by means of sensor data related to the user's performance of the exercise, as to how the exercise was performed. Such data may be used to adjust and update the exercise routine or training plan of the user, as the user becomes stronger and fitter. The system may also be configured to use the data in real time to determine adjustments that need to be made to the exercise routine, exercise machine 100 or apparatus 116 during the user's workout.

The apparatus 116 may also be configured to provide feedback to cloud computing server 402, by means of sensor data related to the user's performance of the exercise, as to how the exercise was performed. Such data may be used to adjust and update the exercise routine or training plan of the user, as the user becomes stronger and fitter. The system may also be configured to use the data in real time to determine adjustments that need to be made to the exercise routine, exercise machine 100 or apparatus 116 during the user's workout.

-18 -Alternatives and modifications Numerous alternatives and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In particular, it will be apparent that method steps implemented by computing devices may be performed at any appropriate point in a network of computing devices in communication with each other. For example, any statement that a method step is performed at the client device 136a/smartphone 404 is not to preclude that it may be performed at a further external computing device 136b/cloud computing server 402 or vice versa, indeed it may also be possible that such methods are performed at the control electronics 132 of the apparatus 116.

A computing device, preferably a client device of the user, may generate the exercise routine based on a generalised statistical model. Such a generalised statistical model may comprise an artificial intelligence, such as one based on a trained neural network or a robust controller. In particular a trained neural network may be provided with input data which comprises data related to the user, including, for example, body measurements, historical performance data, fitness goals, current performance data and other data related to the user's physical health or exercise practices. The artificial intelligence may be configured to generate as an output an exercise routine. The exercise routine may be configured to generate an optimised routine, tailored to the user, which increases the likelihood of the user attaining their goals and improving their physical health. The exercise routine may be based on the latest scientific methodologies and best practices.

The user may be presented with a virtual trainer, mimicking the action of a human personal trainer, generated by artificial intelligence. The virtual trainer may be configured to learn, by a generalised statistical model, from past behaviour of the user in response to the virtual trainer, for example, learning when and to what kind of encouragement a user responds most favourably.

The exercise routine may be continuously updated based, for example, on real-time sensor data in relation to the availability of the machines, and performance data of the user. The routine may also be updated and/or changed dynamically based on the real-time occupation of the machines by other users of the gym. An artificial intelligent system may be configured to determine, for example, where the performance data for a user indicates likely failure or injury during the exercise and may generate the data or instructions to adjust the apparatus in use accordingly to prevent injury.

-19 -The means for adjusting the resistance of the means of resisting of the apparatus may be controlled in dependence, for example, on real-time sensor data in relation to the availability of the machines, and performance data of the user. An artificial intelligent system may be configured to determine the adjustments to be made in dependence on the sensor.

The artificial intelligence may be a trained neural network. The training data of the neural network may comprise the body measurement data and performance data of the users. This data may be anonymised. User may be able to opt-out of providing their data to be used as general-purpose training data. The virtual trainer provided to a particular user, which may comprise artificial intelligence, may be able to learn from that particular user's own performance or body measurement data to tailor its guidance or operation more particularly to that user.

It will be understood that the present invention has been described above purely by way of example, and modifications of detail can be made within the scope of the invention. Reference numerals appearing in the claims are by way of illustration only and shall have no limiting effect on the scope of the claims.

Claims

-20 -CLAIMS1 Apparatus for physical exercise, comprising: means for resisting a force applied by a user; said means for resisting being configured to be attachable to an exercise machine for use; and means for adjusting the resistance of the means for resisting in dependence on received data.
2 Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the exercise machine is a weight machine and, in use, the means for resisting resists a force applied by a user instead of the weights used in the weight machine.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the means for resisting comprises a fluid power mechanism.
4 Apparatus for strength training, comprising means for resisting a force applied by a user; wherein the means for resisting comprises a fluid power mechanism; and means for adjusting the resistance of the means for resisting in dependence on received data.
5. Apparatus according to Claim 3 or 4, wherein the means for resisting comprises a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator.
6. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the data is received from an external computing device.
7 Apparatus according to Claim 6, wherein the data relates to a plan of resistances for training for a particular user; optionally based on historical performance data for the particular user.
8. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, further comprising means for sensing the user's performance, wherein the received data is received from the means for sensing.
9 Apparatus according to Claim 8, wherein the means for adjusting the resistance is configured to adjust the resistance dynamically in response to the user's performance; -21 -optionally to reduce resistance in response to a decrease in performance or increase resistance in response to performance being better than expected.
10. Apparatus according to Claim 8 or 9, further comprising means for stopping the apparatus in the event of received sensor data indicating the presence of a critical condition.
11. Apparatus according to any of Claims 8 to 10, further comprising means for transmitting data from the means for sensing to a remote client; optionally wherein said remote client is the or an external computing device.
12. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, further comprising means for adjusting the set-up of one of: the apparatus; and at least one support for a user when using the apparatus.
13 A method of using at least one apparatus for physical exercise; comprising: providing at least one apparatus for physical exercise according to any preceding claim; using a computing device, generating an exercise routine for a user; transmitting at least part of the exercise routine to the at least one apparatus; and adjusting the resistance of the means for resisting in dependence on the exercise routine
14. A method according to Claim 13, comprising providing a plurality of apparatus; and transmitting at least the relevant parts of the exercise routine to each of the apparatus; wherein the exercise routine relates to exercises in respect of each of the plurality of apparatus.
15. A method according to Claim 14, further comprising receiving data relating to the availability of at least one of the plurality of apparatus at the computing device; and generating the exercise routine at least partially based on said availability data.
16. A method according to any of Claims 13 to 15, further comprising receiving data related to user performance at the computing device.
17. A method according to Claim 16, further comprising implementing at least one of the following steps: at the computing device, generating an updated exercise routine at least partially based on the user performance data dynamically adjusting the -22 -resistance based on user performance; and providing feedback on user performance, for example via speakers of the computing device.
18. A method according to any of Claims 13 to 17, further comprising using the computing device, receiving body measurements of a user; transmitting the same to the at least one apparatus; and automatically configuring the apparatus in dependence on the body measurements
19 A system for physical exercise; comprising: a plurality of exercise machines; and a computing device; wherein the plurality of exercise machines are each in communication with the computing device.
20. A system according to Claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of exercise machines comprise means for adjusting the resistance of the exercise machine in dependence on data received from the computing device.
21 A system according to Claim 19 or 20, wherein the plurality of exercise machines are each configured to record data associated with a particular user; and transmit the same to the computing device; wherein the computing device is configured to determine an exercise plan for a user at least partially in dependence on the received data associated with the user.
22 A system according to any of Claims 19 to 21, wherein the plurality of exercise machines are each configured to record data associated with the availability of each exercise machine; and transmit the same to the computing device; wherein the computing device is configured to determine an exercise routine for a user at least partially in dependence on an availability of each of the plurality of exercise machines.
23. A system according to any of Claims 19 to 22, wherein communication between the plurality of exercise machines and the computing device is via a cloud server.
24. A system according to any of Claims 19 to 23, wherein each of the plurality of exercise machines comprises an apparatus for strength training according to any of Claims 1 to 12.