GB2584760A - Method and apparatus for monitoring the condition of power cells of a battery pack - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for monitoring the condition of power cells of a battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2584760A
GB2584760A GB2003656.2A GB202003656A GB2584760A GB 2584760 A GB2584760 A GB 2584760A GB 202003656 A GB202003656 A GB 202003656A GB 2584760 A GB2584760 A GB 2584760A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
battery pack
monitoring
charger
power cells
charging
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Granted
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GB2003656.2A
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GB202003656D0 (en
GB2584760B (en
Inventor
Ensing Geert
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7RDD Ltd
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7RDD Ltd
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

A battery pack (for example one suitable for a power tool), comprising a number of power cells includes a monitoring circuit such as a voltage monitoring IC which allows the level of charge of the cells to be detected. When the charger component is connected to the battery pack to charge the power cells, the operation of the charger component is not possible until the operation of the monitoring circuit of the battery pack has been checked (check cycle Q1) and, if the monitoring circuit is identified as operating correctly (VC2 and VC3 inputs exceed a threshold which then activate Q10), the charger component is then operated to charge the cells of the battery pack but, if the monitoring circuit is not operating correctly then the charger component is prevented from charging the cells until the monitoring circuit is operating correctly.

Description

Method and apparatus for Monitoring the Condition of Power Cells of a Battery Pack.
Thc invention to which this application relates is the provision of a monitoring system to provide a means of determining the safe operation of power cells and typically those which are provided as part of a battery pack.
Battery packs such as those which arc provided for use in the provision of power to operate a power tool, and which most typically, at present contain a series of Lithium power cells, are required to have a fault monitoring system in order to ensure the safety of operation of the power cells under the normal usage conditions when connected to the power tool. This requirement has always existed, but due to the discovery of the relatively high risk of fire when lithium batteries fail, stricter rules for the monitoring of the power cells have now been developed.
In the field of the use of power cells to operate power tools, a new standard has been developed, EN 62841-1, which is now in force. Specifically, Annex K of this standard sets new requirements for ensuring the safety of the battery/tool/charger system and is required to ensure that in an abnormal state of charge of the power cells, a charging fault cammt result in over charging of a single power cell.
In order to achieve this a more sophisticated monitoring system has been regarded as being required to be used. However the manufacturing cost of the same is found to be prohibitive and so the aim of the current invention is to provide a monitoring system which has the required level of reliability whilst being more cost-effective.
In a first aspect of the invention there is provided a method for monitoring the operation of one or more power cells of a battery pack wherein the monitoring incorporates the use of a. Voltage monitoring IC.
Typically, the use of the voltage monitoring IC is utilised to allow the monitoring of individual power cells of the battery pack.
In one embodiment the apparatus is provided to be operable with a 1 Pole (IP) battery packs, and in another embodiment the apparatus is provided to be usable with a 2 Pole (2P) battery pack.
In one embodiment the charger for connection with the battery pack to charge the power cells therein initiates, typically when initially electrically connected with the battery pack, a check cycle in the battery pack.
In one embodiment the check cycle is initiated by the simulation of an excessive or "over' voltage situation which is of a sufficient level so as to cause the voltage monitorthg IC to detect the same and be placed from a standby into an active mode.
Typically, once in the active mode, the Voltage monitoring IC triggers the operation of a monitoring circuit which, if operating correctly, sends a signal to the charger to indicate the change in operating mode.
Typically, if the charger receives the said signal that the monitoring circuit has changes operating mode, then the charger will commence the charge cycle as it knows the monitoring system in the pack is working and so the charging of the power cells will be monitored.
However, if no signal is received by the charger or an alternative signal is received to indicate a component failure in the battery pack then the charger detects that the required monitoring circuit is not working correctly and the charging of the power cells in the battery pack will not be performed.
This in accordance with the invention the apparatus uses the voltage monitoring IC in combination with a number of extra components to act as a facility to check that the required monitoring method is operable before commencing the charging of the power cells in the battery pack and so effectively performs a self checking function using the principal functionality of the voltage monitoring IC.
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of monitoring and charging power cells of a battery pack, said battery pack incorporating a Voltage monitoring IC and associated components so as to monitor the charging of the power cells of the battery pack when electrical power is provided thereto as a result of a charge cycle of operation of a charger which is electrically connected to terminals of the battery pack to which the power cells are in turn connected, wherein after electrical connection of the charger and battery pack a check cycle is first performed by the charger and battery pack in advance of any said charge cycle.
Typically the check cycle is performed prior to the commencement of charging of the power cells and is initiated by the charger being operated to simulate an excessive or "over" voltage condition in the battery pack which is of a sufficient level so as to cause the voltage monitoring IC to detect the same and, if operating correctly, be changed from a standby into an active mode.
Typically, if operating correctly and having changed to the active mode, the Voltage monitoring IC triggers the operation of a monitoring circuit which, if operating correctly, sends a signal to the charger to indicate the correct change in operating mode and if the charger receives the said signal that the monitoring circuit has changed operating mode, then the charger will commence the charge cycle a.s it knows the monitoring system in the pack is working and so the charging of the power cells will be monitored.
However, if no signal is received by the charger or an alternative signal is received to indicate a component failure in the battery pack then the charger detects that the regain.. ed monitoring circuit is not working correctly and the charging of the power cells in the battery pack will not be performed In a further aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus including a battery pack for a power tool, and a charger device for selective connection to the battery pack, said battery pack including a plurality of power cells located therein and monitoring means for monitoring operation of at least one of said power cells and the monitoring means includes a voltage monitoring integrated circuit.
In one embodiment the monitoring means allows the monitoring of the performance of the individual power cells of the said battery pack.
In one embodiment the said monitoring means is operable in a first mode to allow the monitoring of the power cells of a one pole battery pack and a second mode to allow the monitoring of the power cells of a two-pole battery pack.
In one embodiment the charger device, when electrically connected to the battery pack and to a charging power supply initiates a check cycle on the operation of the battery pack prior to providing a charge to the power cells of the said battery pack.
Typically, the said check cycle is initiated by the monitoring means simulating an excessive or "over voltage" power supply to the battery pack which should be sufficient to change the voltage monitoring integrated circuit from a standby to an active mode. Thus, if the voltage monitoring integrated circuit changes to the active mode upon receiving the excessive or over voltage power supply, the monitoring means determines that it is operating correctly as a result of the voltage monitoring integrated circuit having changed to an a.ctive mode, a. representative signal is sent from the battery pack to the charger device to indicate the change to an active mode having occurred and the charger device commences a charging cycle to provide a charge to the power cells of the battery pack Typically if the voltage monitoring integrated circuit does not change to the active mode when the excessive or "over voltage" power supply is provided to the battery pack, no signal is sent to the charger device and the charging cycle to provide a charge to the power cells of the battery pack does not occur.
S
Typically the battery pack is provided to receive a charging power from the connected charging device which is at a predefined level or within a predefined range in order to provide a. safe charge the power cells. Typically the excessive or over voltage power supply which is provided from the charger during the check cycle is higher than the said predefined level or outwith said predefined range. 'typically the said excessive or over voltage power supply is only provided for a. predetermined tune period which is sufficiently short so as to avoid the risk of any damage to the battery pack or power cells.
Specific embodiments of the invention are now described wherein; Figure 1 illustrates a system for use with 1Pok/20V system: Figure 2 illustrates a Monitoring System 2Pole/20V or 1Pole/40V using Sequential Triggering; I figure 3 illustrates a Monitoring System 2Pole/ 20V or I Pole/40V with Simultaneous Triggering; and Figure 4 illustrates an assembly including a power tool, battery pack and charger device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention Referring firstly to Figure 4 there is illustrated a power tool 2 connected to a battery pack 4 which when connected hereto allows the necessary power to be provided to the power tool 2 for the same to be operated. This therefore allows the power tool to be used remotely from and without requiting connection to a mains power supply. Although the invention is for use with battery packs of the type which can be comiected to a power tool it should be appreciated that the invention can be used with battery pa.cks which may be provided for use with other types of items. The battery pack typically includes a. protective housing which has external electrical connections 12 to allow power to be supplied therefrom when connected to the electrical connections 16 of the item such as the power tool 2, or power to be provided thereto when the battery pack is released from the power tool and connected instead to a. battery charger 6 via. mechanical engagement and electrical connection via the connections 12 of the battery pack and 14 of the charger, which in turn is connected to another power source such a.s the mains power supply via, a plug 8 and cable 10.
Within the battery pack there is provided a pluraliti, of power cells which are electrically connected to allow the power to be supplied therefrom to the power tool when connected thereto, and to be charged with power when the battery pack is connected to the charge apparatus. Tt is desired that the power cells each have a substantially uniform charge level so that the same can be discharged uniformly and then charged uniformly With reference now to Figure 1 then with the battery charger, battery pack and power cells therein, electrically connected, but before the charge cycle commences, and therefore at the start of the charge process, a check cycle Q1 is activated by the charger and, as a result, the VC2 and VC3 inputs of the input of the Voltage monitoring IC will exceed a predetermined threshold voltage level. When operating correctly the IC output will change and activate Q10 and then the monitoring circuit should detect the condition and send a signal to the charger to indicate this change in condition and thereby verifying to the charge that the Voltage monitoring IC and the other components in the monitoring circuit are operating correctly and so the charge cycles can commence with the same being monitored as required.
In order to activate the check cycle in accordance with the embodiment of the invention and before the start of the charge cycle, a 12V voltage is applied to the NTC output and this is generated by the control software in the charger so that when first electrical connection is made with the power tool, the 12V is supplied and then the charge will wait to receive the appropriate response ID from the battery pack indicating that everything is working correctly in the battery pack and at which point the charger stops providing the 12V supply and the Voltage monitoring IC in the battery pack will reset to standby mode and the charger, battery pa.ck monitoring circuit and power cells are ready to provide and receive the normal charge cycle.
Referring now to Figure 2 there is shown a further embodiment of the invention in which there is illustrated a monitoring system in accordance with the invention which can be used with 2P/20V system or 1P/40V system using Sequential In this embodiment, when the test signal of 121/ is provided from the charger to the NTC then as, in this embodiment there are provided two Voltage monitoring IC's both, should switch operating mode and so there will be 2 times 2k resistance parallel, so 500 Ohm should be expected to be measured when the IC's and the monitoring circuit of the battery pack is operating correctly and winch the case the activation signal will be sent to the charger, the 12V supply is stopped, die IC's can reset and the charge cycle can commence.
If the IC's are not operating correctly, then only the Zeiler diode will be measured which will not provide the required 500 Ohm and so no activation signal will be sent to the charger and so no charge cycle will commence. In another error condition, if the Voltage monitoring IC is operating correctly but the FET is not, then the measurement will be 1000 + 100 Ohm and again that is different from the required 500 Ohm value and so the activation signal will not be sent to the charger and the charge cycle will not commence.
A further embodiment is shown with reference to Figure 3 which illustrates a Monitoring System 2P/20V OR 111/401/ with Simultaneous Triggering and in this embodiment when the test signal of 121/ is applied to the battery pack on the NTC then both Voltage monitoring IC's will switch at the same time and there will be 2 times 2k resistance parallel so again 500 Ohm should be expected to be detected and, if so, the activation signal is sent to the charger to indicate correct opera.tion of the monitoring circuit, the 12V supply is withdrawn, the IC's are reset and the charge cycle commences.. If something is wrong, then once again as with Figure 2 only the
S
Zener diode will be measured which will give the incorrect reading as will be the ca.se if the IC is working but the Ft,'I is not and which will provide a measurement of 1000 + 100 Ohm and that is different from the required 500 Ohm reading when everything is working correctly and so the activation signal will not be sent to the charger and the charge cycle will not commence.
the system and method described therefore provides the required increase in the level of failsale monitoring and which can be tested to allow the overall charge level to be correct and now a.s every cell ha.s to be controlled independently, and monitored independently, this can be achieved utilising the Voltage Monitoring IC or IC's as herein described so as to allow the monitoring of each individual cell in an efficient and safe manner and the monitoring system to be checked as part of a check cycle prior to the charge cycle being possible to provide on each occasion.

Claims (8)

  1. Claims 1.,A method for monitoring the operation of one or more power cells of a battery pack for a power tool wherein the monitoring incorporates the use of a voltage monitoring integrated circuit.
  2. 2.A method according to claim 1 wherein the use of the voltage monitoring TC is utilised to allow the monitoring of individual power cells of the battery pack.
  3. 3.A method according to claim 1 wherein the apparatus is provided to he operable in a first mode with a one pole battery pack and in a second mode with a two pole battery pack.
  4. 4.A method according to ally of the preceding claims wherein the battery pack is charged using a charger component which is connectable with the battery pack and the connection of the charger component with the battery pa.ck initiates a check cycle in the battery pack.
  5. 5.A method according to claim4 wherein the check cycle is initiated by the simulation of an excessive (Jr "over voltage" supply which is of a sufficient level so as to cause the voltage monitoring integrated circuit to detect the same and be placed from a. standby into an active mode.
  6. 6.A method according to claim 5 wherein once in the active mode, the voltage monitoring IC triggers the operation of the monitoring circuit which, if operating correctly, sends a signal to the charger to indicate the change in operating mode.
  7. 7.A method according to claim 6 wherein if the charger receives the said signal monitoring circuit has changed operating mode, the charger will commence the charge cycle as it knows the monitoring system and the battery pack is working and so the charging of the power cells will be monitored.
  8. 8.Apparatus according to chum. 6 wherein if no signal is received by the charger, or an alternative signal is received to indicate a component failure in the battery pack, the charger detects that the required monitoring circuit is not working correctly and the charging of the power cells in the battery pack is not performed 9.A method of monitoring and charging power cells of a battery pack, said battery pack incorporating a voltage monitoring IC and associated components so as to monitor the charging of the power cells in the battery pack when electrical power is provided thereto as a result of a charge cycle of operation of a charger which is electrically connected to terminals of the battery pack to which the power cells are, in turn connected, wherein after electrical connection of the charger in the battery pack, a check cycle is firstly performed by the charger and battery pack in advance of any said charge cycle.10.A method according to claim 9 wherein the check cycle is performed prior to the comm.encement of charging of the power cells and is initiated by the charger being operated to simulate an excessive or over voltage condition in the battery pack which is at the sufficient level so as to cause the voltage monitoring IC to detect the same and, if operated correctly, will be changed from a standby into an active mode.11.A method according to claim 9 wherein if operated correctly and having changed to the active mode, the voltage monitoring IC triggers the operation of a monitoring circuit, which, if operating correctly, sends a signal to the charger to indicate the correct change in operating mode and if the charger receives the said signal that the monitoring circuit has changed operating mode, then a charger will commence the charge cycle as it knows the monitoring system in the pack is working and so the charging of the power cells would be monitored.12.A method according to claim 10 wherein if no signal was received by the charger or an alternative signal was received to indicate a component failure in the battery pack then the charger detects that the requvHed monitoring circuit is not working correctly a.nd the charging of the power cells in the battery pa.ck will not be performed.13-Apparatus including a battery pack for a power tool, and a. charger device for selective connection to the battery pack, said battery pa.ck including a. plurality of power cells located therein and monitoring means for monitoring operation of at least one of said power cells and the monitoring means includes a voltage monitoring integrated circuit.14.Apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the monitoring means allows the monitoring of the performance of the individual power cells of the said battery pack.Apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the said monitoring means is operable in a first mode to allow the monitoring of the power cells of a one pole battery pack and a second mode to allow the monitoring of the power cells of a two-pole battery pack.16 Apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the charger device, when electrically connected to the battery pack and to a charging power supply initiates a check cycle on the operation of the battery pack prior to providing a charge to the power cells of the said battery pack.17. Apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the said check cycle is initiated by the monitoring means simulating a.n excessive or "over voltage" power supply to the battery pack which should be sufficient to change the voltage monitoring integrated circuit from a standby to an active mode.18 Apparatus according to claim 17 wherein if the voltage monitoring integrated circuit changes to the active mode, the monitoring means determines that it is operating correctly and a representative signal is sent to the charger device to indicate the change to an active mode having occurred and the charger device commences a charging cycle to provide a charge to the power cells of the battery pack.19 Apparatus according to claim 17 wherein if the voltage monitoring integrated circuit does not change to the active mode when the excessive or "over voltage" power supply is provided to the battery pack, no signal is sent to the charger device and the charging cycle to provide a. charge to the power cells of the batten-pa.ck does not occur.
GB2003656.2A 2019-04-15 2020-03-16 Method and apparatus for monitoring the condition of power cells of a battery pack Active GB2584760B (en)

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GBGB1905285.1A GB201905285D0 (en) 2019-04-15 2019-04-15 Method and system for monitoring the condition of power cells of a battery pack

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019220202A1 (en) * 2019-12-19 2021-06-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery device for a battery pack of a hand machine tool

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060071643A1 (en) * 2004-10-04 2006-04-06 Carrier David A Method and device for monitoring battery cells of a battery pack and method and arrangement for balancing battery cell voltages during charge
US20100129700A1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2010-05-27 Sony Corporation Integrated circuit and battery pack using the same
US20130214740A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2013-08-22 Shin-Kobe Electric Machinery Co., Ltd. Multi-series battery control system
US20160336761A1 (en) * 2015-05-14 2016-11-17 Mediatek Inc. Electronic device, charger within the electronic device, and detecting method for detecting abnormal status of connector of electronic device
CN107231009A (en) * 2016-03-24 2017-10-03 重庆邮电大学 A kind of battery protector and battery protector detection platform

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130214740A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2013-08-22 Shin-Kobe Electric Machinery Co., Ltd. Multi-series battery control system
US20060071643A1 (en) * 2004-10-04 2006-04-06 Carrier David A Method and device for monitoring battery cells of a battery pack and method and arrangement for balancing battery cell voltages during charge
US20100129700A1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2010-05-27 Sony Corporation Integrated circuit and battery pack using the same
US20160336761A1 (en) * 2015-05-14 2016-11-17 Mediatek Inc. Electronic device, charger within the electronic device, and detecting method for detecting abnormal status of connector of electronic device
CN107231009A (en) * 2016-03-24 2017-10-03 重庆邮电大学 A kind of battery protector and battery protector detection platform

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GB201905285D0 (en) 2019-05-29
GB202003656D0 (en) 2020-04-29
DE202019104365U1 (en) 2020-01-31
GB2584760B (en) 2024-05-15
CN210608626U (en) 2020-05-22

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