GB2582174A - Environment protected starch container device - Google Patents
Environment protected starch container device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2582174A GB2582174A GB1903478.4A GB201903478A GB2582174A GB 2582174 A GB2582174 A GB 2582174A GB 201903478 A GB201903478 A GB 201903478A GB 2582174 A GB2582174 A GB 2582174A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- container
- starch container
- silicon layer
- environment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021055 solid food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
- B65D65/466—Bio- or photodegradable packaging materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G19/00—Table service
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G19/00—Table service
- A47G19/02—Plates, dishes or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G19/00—Table service
- A47G19/22—Drinking vessels or saucers used for table service
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D25/14—Linings or internal coatings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G19/00—Table service
- A47G19/12—Vessels or pots for table use
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02W90/10—Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
- Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
Abstract
A biodegradable container 10 comprising a starch material and a layer of silicon 20. Preferably, the silicon is adhered to the inner or whole surface of the container. Preferably, the container may be a cup (100, figure 1), a plate (200, figure 5), a bowl (300, figure 7) or box (400, figure 9). Ideally, the starch material comprises starch, fibre and hardening (for example CaCO3) materials. The starch may also comprise a foam material (preferably yeast). The starch is ideally derived from either potato, corn, wood or other plants.
Description
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTED STARCH CONTAINER DEVICE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is related to starch containers, and in particular to an environment protected starch container device.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The starch material in the prior art mainly comprises 50wt%-90wt% (weight percentage) starch; 5wt%-25wt% fiber enhancer; 0.2wt%-3wt% steady agent; and 5wt%-40wt% filling powders; preferably, 0.5wt910-5wt% foaming material is added thereto. The environment of forming the starch material is high humidity environment (the humidity is about 80%). The starch material is formed as blocks so as to mix with water. To cause water is uniformly distributed in the starch material, the starch material is rubbed many times until the hardness of the surface of the starch material is between 10 HA-20 HA.
The starch of the starch material is selected from potato starch, corn starch, wood starch, or other plant starch. Because the particles of these starches are not preferred so that water is used to concrete the structure of the starch material. When the starch material is placed in a shaping space and then compressed and heated to temperature of about 100°C, water therein will evaporate to be formed with a plurality of holes in the porous starch container.
The wastes of starch foaming material and the manufacturing products thereof can be biologically decomposed after unused and may be further used in other fields so as not to pollute the environment. The starch foaming material can be processed by burning. Furthermore after burning, the product of CO2 for general used plastics is 3.13 tons, while it is 0.6 tons for starch foaming material, which has a reduction of 80 -90 %.
Furthermore in the burning process, the products are harmful and the residue may be used as fertilizer.
Conventionally, paper is used as material for making food containers, however, paper is not preferred biological material. Furthermore the prior paper cup is coated with a layer of PP or PE for waterproof, but PP and PE are plastic material which is harmful to human bodies and cannot be decomposed naturally so as to pollute the environment.
The inventor has developed starch material for many years and uses these materials in food container. However, the starch material has no function of waterproof. It is easy to resolve and deform and thus is not suitable to receive liquid. Therefore, the usage of the starch container is greatly confined.
However, the starch material has many advantages as above said and thus the inventor is desired to improve this defect in the starch material to 15 provide a novel starch container which is suitable for receiving liquid.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, for improving above mentioned defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a environment protected 20 starch container device, wherein The function of the silicon layer 20 is to cause the starch container 10 to be waterproof. Furthermore in natural environment, the silicon layer 20 and the starch container 10 are capably of decomposition naturally without polluting the environment. Therefore, it is better than the prior art used paper cups made of the PP or PE.
Furthermore the silicon layer 20 is endurable to temperatures higher than 250°C and capable of suffering from high temperature and has the function of killing bacteria in high temperature. The conventionally containers made of PE or PU only suffer from temperatures not over than 20 °C. However, the starch container 10 of the present invention is coated with a silicon layer 20 which can suffer from temperatures over than 250°C.
Therefore, the medical instruments made of the material of the present invention are useable for killing bacteria on high temperature, while this effect cannot be achieved by the conventional container.
To achieve above object, the present invention provides an 5 environment protected starch container device; comprising; a starch container mainly made of starch material for holding solid or liquid foods or other objects; a silicon layer adhered to a surface of the starch container; and wherein the function of the silicon layer is to cause the starch container to be waterproof; originally, the starch container is not waterproof; 10 furthermore in natural environment, the silicon layer and the starch container are capably of decomposition naturally without polluting the environment; therefore the container is capable of holding water therein and is reusable for many times.
The starch material comprises 50wt%-90wt% (weight percentage) starch; 5wt%-25wt% fiber enhancer for enhancing a structure of the starch material; and 3w-t°4-3 Owt% CaCO3 for hardening the structure of the starch material. The starch material may further comprise 0.02wt%-5wt% foaming material.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a cup of a starch container according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross section view of Fig. I. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the present invention being used as a food disk.
Fig. 4 is a cross section view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is another schematic view showing another example for the food disk of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a cross section view of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the starch container being a bowl according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a cross section view of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing that the starch container is a food box according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a cross section view of Fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a box of a starch container of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is cross section view of Fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is another schematic view about a box made of starch container according to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a cross section view of Fig. 13.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order that those skilled in the art can further understand the present invention, a description will be provided in the following in details.
However, these descriptions and the appended drawings are only used to cause those skilled in the art to understand the objects, features, and characteristics of the present invention, but not to be used to confine the scope and spirit of the present invention defined in the appended claims.
With reference to Figs. 1 to 14, the starch container with a silicon layer according to the present invention is illustrated. The present invention includes the following elements.
A starch container 10 is mainly made of starch material for receiving solid or liquid foods or other objects.
A silicon layer 20 is adhered to a surface of the starch container 10.
Preferably, the silicon layer 20 is adhered to an inner surface of the starch container 10. Preferably, the silicon layer 20 is adhered to a whole surface of the silicon layer 20.
The silicon layer 20 is adhered to the surface of the starch container 10 30 by spraying or other ways.
The function of the silicon layer 20 is to cause the starch container 10 to be waterproof in a short time period. Originally, the starch container 10 is not waterproof. Furthermore in natural environment, the silicon layer 20 and the starch container 10 are capably of decomposition naturally 5 without polluting the environment. Therefore, when the starch container 10 is coated with the silicon layer 20, it is capable of holding water therein and is reusable for many times. It can reduce cost and destroy to the environment. The biological material and silicon has no pollution to the environment and does not affect the health of human body. Therefore, it 10 is better than the prior art used paper cups made of the PP or PE. Furthermore the silicon layer 20 is endurable to temperatures higher than 250°C and capable of suffering from high temperature and has the function of killing bacteria in high temperature. The conventionally containers made of PE or PU only suffer from temperatures not over than 20 °C. However, the starch container 10 of the present invention is coated with a silicon layer 20 which can suffer from temperatures over than 250°C. Therefore, the medical instruments made of the material of the present invention are useable for killing bacteria on high temperature, while this effect cannot be achieved by the conventional container.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described herein. Fig. 1 shows that the starch container 10 is a cup 100 which is coated with the silicon layer 20 in the interior thereof as illustrated in Fig. 2. The cup 100 is used to hold water and thus is waterproof so as to increase the whole life time of the cup. The cup 100 may be used many times.
Referring to Figs. 3 to 5, it is illustrated that the starch container 10 is used as a food disk 200 with a silicon layer 20 at an inner surface thereof as illustrated in Figs. 4 to 6. Therefore, the whole disk 200 serves to hold foods and is waterproof. It has a longer lifetime and can be used many times. Fig. 7 shows that the starch container 10 is a bowl 300. At least an inner surface of the bowl 300 serves to hold foods or soup and is waterproof so as to increase the lifetime thereof. It can be reused many times. Fig. 9 shows that the starch container 10 is a food box 300. The inner side is coated with a silicon layer 20 as Fig. 10 shows.
Fig. 11 shows that the starch container 10 is a hollow box 500. At least inner surface of the hollow box 500 is coated with a silicon layer 20 as illustrated in Fig. 12. Fig. 13 shows that the box 500 has a cover 520. At least an inner side of the cover 520 is coated with a silicon layer 20 as Fig. 14 shows.
The starch material of the present invention mainly comprises 50wt%-90wt% (weight percentage) starch; 5wt%-25wt910 fiber enhancer (preferably, it is plant fiber or pulp fiber) for enhancing the structure of the starch material; 3vv-010-30wt% CaCO3 for hardening the structure of the starch material; preferably, 0.02vv-t%-5wt% foaming material is added thereto, the foaming material is selected from yeast or generally used chemical foaming material. After forming, 40%-60% of the volume of the porous starch container 30 is hollowed. The object of foaming is to increase the heat resistance, reduce the weight and material in manufacturing so as to reduce the cost. Preferably, the environment of forming the starch material is high humidity environment (the humidity is about 80%). The starch material is formed as blocks so as to mix with water. To cause water is uniformly distributed in the starch material, the starch material is rubbed many times until the hardness of the surface of the starch material is between 10 HA-20 HA.
The starch of the starch material is selected from potato starch, corn starch, wood starch, or other plant starches. Because the particles of these starches are not preferred so that in the manufacturing process, water is used to concrete the structure of the starch material.
The present invention is thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (12)
- WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. An environment protected starch container device; comprising; a starch container mainly made of starch material for holding solid or liquid foods or other objects; a silicon layer adhered to a surface of the starch container; and wherein the function of the silicon layer is to cause the starch container to be waterproof; originally, the starch container is not waterproof; furthermore in natural environment, the silicon layer and the starch container are capably of decomposition naturally without polluting 10 the environment; therefore the container is capable of holding water therein and is reusable for many times.
- 2. The environment protected starch container device as claimed in claim I, wherein the silicon layer is adhered to an inner surface of the starch container.
- 3. The environment protected starch container device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silicon layer is adhered to a whole surface of the starch container.
- 4. The environment protected starch container device as claimed in claim I, wherein the starch container is a cup and at least one inner side thereof is coated with the silicon layer.
- 5. The environment protected starch container device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the starch container is a food disk and at least one inner side thereof is coated with the silicon layer.
- 6. The environment protected starch container device as claimed in 25 claim 1, wherein the starch container is a bowl and at least one inner side thereof is coated with the silicon layer.
- 7. The environment protected starch container device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the starch container is a box.
- 8. The environment protected starch container device as claimed in 30 claim 1, wherein the starch material comprises 50wt%-90wt% (weight percentage) starch; 5wt%-25wt% fiber enhancer for enhancing a structure of the starch material; and 3wt%-30wt% CaCO3 for hardening the structure of the starch material.
- 9. The environment protected starch container device as claimed in claim 9 wherein the fiber enhancer is selected from plant fibers and pulp fibers.
- 10. The environment protected starch container device as claimed in 10 claim 9, wherein the starch material further comprises 0.02w04-5wt% foaming material.
- 11. The environment protected starch container device as claimed in claim I I, wherein the foaming material is selected from yeast and generally used chemical foaming material; and after forming, 40%-60% of the 15 volume of the porous starch container is hollowed.
- 12. The environment protected starch container device as claimed in claim 9, wherein starch of the starch material is selected from potato starch, corn starch, wood starch, and other plant starch.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1903478.4A GB2582174A (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2019-03-14 | Environment protected starch container device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1903478.4A GB2582174A (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2019-03-14 | Environment protected starch container device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB201903478D0 GB201903478D0 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
GB2582174A true GB2582174A (en) | 2020-09-16 |
Family
ID=66381144
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB1903478.4A Withdrawn GB2582174A (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2019-03-14 | Environment protected starch container device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2582174A (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH1059411A (en) * | 1996-08-15 | 1998-03-03 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | Biodegradable container |
EP1327663A1 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2003-07-16 | New Ice Limited | Biodegradable or compostable containers |
KR20030083410A (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-10-30 | 박근성 | Biodegradable material composition, and instant food container made from that composition |
KR20060120555A (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2006-11-27 | 전근민 | Method for manufacturing anti-microbial resolvability container |
TWM547536U (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-08-21 | jia-hong Chen | Starchiness container structure with silicone layer |
CN108974581A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-12-11 | 陈嘉宏 | Starchiness structure of container with layer of silica gel |
-
2019
- 2019-03-14 GB GB1903478.4A patent/GB2582174A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH1059411A (en) * | 1996-08-15 | 1998-03-03 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | Biodegradable container |
EP1327663A1 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2003-07-16 | New Ice Limited | Biodegradable or compostable containers |
KR20030083410A (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-10-30 | 박근성 | Biodegradable material composition, and instant food container made from that composition |
KR20060120555A (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2006-11-27 | 전근민 | Method for manufacturing anti-microbial resolvability container |
TWM547536U (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-08-21 | jia-hong Chen | Starchiness container structure with silicone layer |
CN108974581A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-12-11 | 陈嘉宏 | Starchiness structure of container with layer of silica gel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB201903478D0 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |