GB2563383A - Solar ray concentration system for a power generation system - Google Patents
Solar ray concentration system for a power generation system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2563383A GB2563383A GB1709013.5A GB201709013A GB2563383A GB 2563383 A GB2563383 A GB 2563383A GB 201709013 A GB201709013 A GB 201709013A GB 2563383 A GB2563383 A GB 2563383A
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- mirrors
- pipe
- mirror
- mast structure
- heat
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/063—Tower concentrators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
- F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/12—Light guides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S2023/83—Other shapes
- F24S2023/832—Other shapes curved
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
A solar thermal power generation system comprising a vertical tower or mast 10.4 with a plurality of arrays of mirrors mounted upon the mast, used to concentrate incoming solar rays downwards 10.6, to a focal point inside a channel. Each array of mirrors comprises a concave mirror 10.3, a convex mirror 10.6, and two pairs of flat inclined mirrors, all mounted on horizontal members protruding from the vertical tower. In some embodiments there may be a light ray shielding member 10.1 mounted parallel to the mast structure, to prevent the concentrated sun rays from being projected in unwanted directions. The concentrated solar rays are used to heat water in a water carrying tube, which is converted to steam to drive turbines for energy generation. The convex mirror may be a plano convex mirror, and the concave mirror may be a plano concave mirror.
Description
Solar ray concentration system for a power generation system
Technical field:
Power plant engineering
Description:
The present invention comprises a solar thermal power generation system which comprises the use of mirrors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.10, 1.13, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4) which are positioned one over the other along a tower-like mast structure (1.1) which all deflect the incoming solar rays (1.8) to a concentrated point down a channel (3.7, 3.15) which projects down towards the ground, hence bringing the solar ray concentration system’s surface area to a minimum.
The present invention comprises a vertical mast structure (1.1) which comprises a plurality of systems positioned one on top of the other, with each system comprising a Plano concave mirror (1.7) which is positioned under a flat collection mirror (1.4), and which is positioned in front and slightly below a Plano convex mirror (1.6), such that said Plano convex mirror (1.6) is positioned closer to said vertical mast structure (1.1) than said Plano concave mirror (1.7) .
The present invention comprises a vertical tower mast structure (1.1) which sustains a set of Plano concave mirrors (1.7) which are orientated such that the solar rays (1.8) deflected by the flat mirror (1.4) positioned above said concave mirrors (1.7), are directed and concentrated towards a Plano convex mirror (1.6), on which the solar rays (1.8) are concentrated and then deflected vertically downwards due to said Plano convex mirror’s shape (1.6). The concentrated light rays are then deflected towards a horizontal projection away from said vertical mast (1.1) by a 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5, 2.2) which is positioned under said Plano convex mirror (1.6), and then reflected again vertically downwards by another flat 45 degree inclined mirror (1.10, 2.3).
After said system procedure, said solar rays are directed by a Plano concave mirror (1.7, 2.4) positioned under the lower positioned flat collection mirror (1.4) and directed again towards a Plano convex mirror (1.6) positioned at the same positon in accordance to the below mentioned components (1.7, 1.4, 2.4), such that the whole process starts again during a plurality of times, each time strengthening the intensity of the light rays concerned. When said light rays reach the bottom of said vertical mast structure (1.1), said solar rays are hence driven down towards flow of water (3.13) through a vertically projecting pipe (3.7, 3.15), where said concentrated light beam heat said water (3.9) instantaneously and convert it into steam in order to drive turbines, and hence drive generators to generate electricity.
A flat collection mirror (1.13) is positioned in front of said inner flat collection mirror (1.4) at each system level along said tower mast (1.1) in order to reflect solar light rays (1.8) which project at angels greater than 45 degrees from the ground level, hence reflecting said solar rays (1.8) to said inner flat collection mirror (1.4) which will in turn reflect these along the same previously mentioned solar ray concentration process.
Figure 1 comprises a side view of the tower mast (1.1), along with a side view of the Plano concave mirrors (1.7), Plano convex mirrors (1.6) and flat mirrors (1.5, 1.10) which are positioned above each other and all attached to said tower mast structure (1.1).
Figure 2 comprises a side view of solar ray concentration system, but with the inner 45 degree inclined flat mirrors (2.2) being positioned just in front of said outer 45 degree flat mirrors (2.3) which reflect said concentrated light rays towards the inner area of said Plano concave mirrors (1.7, 2.4).
Figure 3 comprises a side cross-sectional view of the lower system architecture of said solar ray concentration system, including basement, water collection and evaporation circuit, and bottom light concentration system.
Figure 4 comprises a top view of the water pipe (4.4, 4.5, 4.9) distribution system which is comprised under said vertical tower masts (4.6), including steam turbine (4.11) and intake piping (4.1, 4.2), along with the energy storage fluid circuit (4.17, 4.18, 4.19), comprising a storage tank(4.14), a distribution pipe(4.17), a set of pipes (4.18), each for a tower mast structure (4.6), and a collection pipe (4.19), with said energy storage fluid being driven by a pump (4.16) around said circuit (4.17, 4.18, 4.19).
Figure 5 comprises a side view of the bottom area of a tower mast (5.1), comprising a light concentration system in which a pair of 45 degree inclined flat reflation mirrors (5.3, 5.4) reflects the light rays (5.2) to a parallel path to said tower mast structure (5.1), but at a greater distance from said tower mast structure (5.1) in order for a concave mirror (5.7) positioned under said outer 45 degree inclined mirror (5.4), to have space to concentrate the light rays (5.2) towards a tower mast (5.1) embedded convex mirror (5.6), such that said concave (5.7) and outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection (5.4) mirrors are positioned further from said mast structure (5.1) than said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (5.3).
Figure 6 comprises a side view of the bottom area of a tower mast (6.1), comprising a light concentration system in which the lowest positioned inner Plano convex mirror (6.2) is positioned in front of the outer positioned Plano concave mirror (6.3), which is in turn sustained by a horizontal member (6.4) which is sustained by said mast structure (6.1), such that a concave mirror (6.7) is positioned under said upper positioned outer Plano concave mirror (6.3), such that the light rays (6.5) reflected by said Plano convex mirror (6.2) are projected between said tower mast structure (6.1) and said outer Plano concave mirror (6.3), such that said concave mirror (6.7) reflects said light rays (6.5) towards a convex mirror (6.6) embedded inside said lower mast structure (6.1), and that said lowest positioned Plano concave (6.3) and concave (6.7) mirrors (6.3) are positioned further from said tower mast structure (6.1) than said lowest positioned Plano convex mirror (6.2).
Figure 7 comprises a side view of a tower mast structure (7.1) which comprises a plurality of system base levels comprised one over the other, in which each of said system bases levels comprises an upper horizontal pair of members (7.4) which sustains a pair of two 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (7.7, 7.9) on the top surface, with the outer flat collection mirror (7.6) being positioned at the upper end of said members (7.4), such that said pair of members (7.4) sustains an outer positioned Plano convex mirror (7.10) at the lower surface of the end of said members (7.4), as well as sustaining the upper edge of a Plano concave mirror (7.11) at the lower surface of said members (7.4), under which a lower horizontal pair of members (7.5) sustains the lower edge of said Plano concave mirror (7.11) at upper surface of the end of said set of members (7.5), while sustaining said lower positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14) under the lower surface of the end of said set of horizontal members (7.5).
Figure 8 comprises a side view of the same design as what is comprised on Figure 7, but with said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (8.7) being positioned closer to said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (8.9), and hence under the end of said upper positioned lower horizontal pairs of members (8.5), such that said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (8.7) are positioned further away from said tower mast structure (8.1) than said inner flat collection mirrors (8.14).
Figure 9 comprises a side view of a set of solar ray concentration systems to be positioned at the bottom of said tower mast structure (9.1, 9.7, 9.13, 9.19), in which an inner (9.4, 9.16) or outer (9.9, 9.22) positioned concave (9.16, 9.22) or Plano concave (9.4, 9.9) mirror reflects the light rays towards an inner (9.10, 9.21) or outer (9.3, 9.15) positioned concave (9.21,
9.15) or Plano concave (9.3, 9.15) mirror, such that said light rays are driven through the focal point of said concave (9.16, 9.22) or Plano concave (9.4, 9.9) mirrors prior of being reflected downwards into a coherent light ray (9.6, 9.12, 9.18, 9.23) by said concave (9.15,
9.21) or Plano concave (9.3, 9.10) mirrors.
Figure 10 comprises a side view of said design of Figure 1, but with convex mirrors (10.5) in the positions and orientations of said Plano convex mirrors (1.6), and concave mirrors (10.3) in the positons and orientations of said Plano concave mirrors (1.7).
Figure 11 comprises a side view of said design of Figure 2, but with convex mirrors (11.3) in the positions and orientations of said Plano convex mirrors (1.6), and concave mirrors (11.4) in the positons and orientations of said Plano concave mirrors (2.4).
Figure 12 comprises a side view of said design of Figure 7, but with convex mirrors (12.4) in the positions and orientations of said Plano convex mirrors (7.10), and concave mirrors (12.3) in the positons and orientations of said Plano concave mirrors (7.11).
Figure 13 comprises a side view of said design of Figure 8, but with convex mirrors (13.4) in the positions and orientations of said Plano convex mirrors (8.10), and concave mirrors (13.3) in the positons and orientations of said Plano concave mirrors (8.11).
Figure 14 comprises a side view of a light reflection system at the bottom of a tower mast structure (14.1) which comprises an outer 45 degree inclined reflection mirror (14.3) which reflects the vertically downwards projecting light rays (14.2) horizontally into said lower mast structure area (14.1), and so into a cavity until said light rays (14.7) are reflected back vertically downwards again by a tower mast structure (14.1) embedded 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.4), such that said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.3) is sustained by a vertical member (14.5) positioned at the end of a horizontal member (14.6) which attaches to said tower mast structure (14.1).
Figure 15 comprises a side view of a building which comprises said solar ray concentration system (1.1) on the roof of said building, and includes a horizontally positioned convex lens (15.28) which projects vertically and which can be lifted (15.26) vertically up and down, such that said light rays are concentrated just under the lower surface of the cooking pot (15.18).
Figure 16 comprises said side view comprised on Figure 15, but with a narrower cooking pot (16.8) and without any heat supplied to the heater (15.10).
Figure 17 comprises the same side view as Figure 16, but with the concentrated light rays supplying heat to only a wider cooking pot (17.7).
Figure 18 comprises a top view of the cooking area on which the cooking pots (15.18, 16.8,
17.7) are positioned in order to be heated up by the concentrated light rays, but to only heat the lower surface of said pots (15.18, 16.8, 17.7) in order to maximise efficiency.
Figure 19 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a floating vessel or ship, which is powered by steam which is supplied from the liquid on which said vessel floats, and which is converted into steam by said solar heat concentrators (19.6, 19.12), such that said steam can drive a set of reciprocating steam expanders (19.9), as well as a steam turbine (19.3).
Figure 20 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a floating vessel which comprises membranes which allow the passage of either pure oxygen (20.4, 20.19) or pure hydrogen (20.3, 20.20) when said water collected from the medium on which said vessel floats, is submitted to very high temperatures and pressures by the concentrated solar rays (20.6,
20.14), which can hence both be stored in tanks (20.24, 20.12) for later use in the combustion chambers of a reciprocating internal combustion engine (20.10).
Figure 21 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a system which uses the concentrated light rays of said solar ray concentrators (21.2, 21.8) to initially separate flowing water into pure hydrogen (21.14) and pure oxygen (21.10) through different membranes (21.3, 21.13), such that the pure oxygen is then instantly liquefied by passing said pure hydrogen under highly concentrated solar rays in order to liquefy said hydrogen using the laser cooling process, such that said pure hydrogen can then be stored in a tank (21.18) for any combustion, propulsion or industrial applications.
Figure 22 comprises a cross-sectional view of a spacecraft (22.16) which comprises a solar ray concentration system (22.2) which converts water into steam to drive a turbine (22.8) to generate electricity for said spacecraft (22.16) by driving a generator (22.9), as well as said concentrator (22.5) being connected to a heavy steel wheel (22.6) in order to cancel out the rotational movement when said solar ray concentrator (22.5) makes adjustments, such that said spacecraft (22.16) does not change its attitude at any given time.
Figure 23 comprises a side view of a solar light ray concentrator, comprising the adjustment movement systems of both tower mast (23.13), collection mirrors (23.2, 23.3) and the water flow control gate (23.15).
Figure 24 comprises said side view of Figure 23, but with the collection mirrors (24.1, 24.2) being moved to the neutral positions.
Figure 25 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a floating vessel (25.9) which comprises a solar ray concentrator system which converts water into steam in a primary circuit (25.13), which is condensed by an open secondary circuit (25.8) which condenses said water after driving a steam turbine (25.5).
Figure 26 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a floating vessel (26.5) which comprises a single opened circuit (26.14) in which water is collected and heated by the solar rays through a heated structure (26.13), which drives a steam turbine (26.12) before being driven out of the system by a pump (26.7).
Figure 27 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a power generation system which comprises a primary circuit (27.2) which collects the heat of the concentrated light rays (27.6) when flowing through a heated structure (27.12), thus driving a steam tribune (27.11) which in turn drives a generator (27.10), such that the water of said primary circuit (27.2) is condensed by a secondary open circuit (27.9), which collects the heat of the primary circuit (27.2) through a heat exchanger (27.7).
Figure 28 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a single circuit power generation system (28.11) in which water is collected from a nearby basin, and collects the heat from the solar rays (28.5) through a heated structure (28.10) and drives a steam turbine (28.8), which is then driven out of the system by a pump (28.6).
Figure 29 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a power generation system which comprises a primary circuit system (29.2) which collects solar ray heat (29.5) to drive a steam turbine (29.14), such that said primary circuit (29.2) fluid is then cooled by a secondary circuit (29.4) which comprises a refrigerant, thus taking said excess heat through a heat exchanger (29.3) and transferring it to an outer space (29.9) by the means of a compressor (29.10), such that an air fan (29.8) finally drives said excessive heat out of the system.
Figure 30 comprises a side cross-sectional view of said system of Figure 29, but comprised on a floating vessel or ship (30.4), which uses the steam to drive a steam turbine (30.18), as well as a set of reciprocating expanders (30.21).
Figure 31 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a power generation system comprised on a floating vessel (31.7), which comprises a primary circuit (31.17) which collects the heat from the solar rays (31.8) when the circuit’s fluid passes through a heated element (31.15), and transfers said heat to a secondary circuit (31.6) by the means of a heat exchanger (31.18), such that the fluid of said secondary circuit (31.6) converts into steam to power a steam turbine (31.14), with said excessive heat being transferred to an open tertiary circuit (31.10) which collects and drives out said excessive heat by the means of a second heat exchanger (31.9).
Figure 32 comprises a side cross-sectional view of said system of Figure 31, but which is comprised on hard or artificial land which is positioned beside a fluid or water basin (32.1).
Figure 33 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a power generation system which comprises a primary circuit (33.18) which collects the heat from the solar rays (33.6) when the fluid is driven through a heated element (33.16), which then transfers said heat to a secondary circuit (33.3) via a heat exchanger (33.19), such that said steam in said secondary circuit (33.3) drives a steam turbine (33.15), such that the excess heat is transferred to a tertiary circuit (33.5) by the means of a heat exchanger (33.4), such that said refrigerant of said tertiary circuit (33.5) drives said excess heat to an outer space (33.11) by the means of a compressor (33.10), such that said heat is finally driven out by an air fan (33.9).
Figure 34 comprises a side cross-sectional view of said system of Figure 33, but comprised on a floating vessel or ship (34.4), and with both mast structures acting as tower mast structures (34.1, 34.13), which transfers solar ray heat to the fluid of the primary circuit (34.15) by driving said fluid through heat exchangers or steam generators (34.29, 34.14).
Figure 35 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a floating vessel or ship (35.5), which comprises the two mast structures acting as tower mast structures (35.4, 35.11), and thus both (35.4, 35.11) transferring heat to the primary circuit (35.14), which is then transferred to the secondary circuit (35.21) by the means of a heat exchanger (35.19), such that the steam generated in said secondary circuit (35.21) drives a steam turbine (35.16) and a set of reciprocating expanders (35.20), such that after, the excess heat is finally supplied to a tertiary circuit (35.10) which pumps water from outside said floating vessel (35.5) and drives it through a heat exchanger (35.6) to collect said excess heat before driving it out of the vessel.
Figure 36 comprises a side view of a power generation system, comprising a storage tank (36.1) of a storage material, such as molten salt, which connects to a closed circuit, which drives said storage material through a heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2), simultaneously along with the fluid of the primary circuit (36.3), in order to collect heat from said solar rays.
Figure 37 comprises a side view of a power generation system, comprising a storage tank (37.1) of a storage material, such as molten salt, which connects to a closed circuit, which drives said storage material through an upwardly inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (37.2) , simultaneously along with the fluid of the primary circuit (37.3) in order to collect heat from said solar rays.
Figure 38 comprises a side view of a power generation system, comprising a storage tank (38.1) of a storage material, such as molten salt, which connects to a closed circuit, which drives said storage material through a heat exchanger (38.3) in order to collect heat from said primary circuit’s (38.4) fluid, which transfers it from said heat exchanger or steam generator (38.2) .
Figure 39 comprises a side view of a power generation system, comprising a storage tank (39.1) of a storage material, such as molten salt, which connects to a closed circuit, which drives said storage material through an upwardly inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (39.3) in order to collect heat from said primary circuit’s (39.4) fluid, which transfers it from a heat exchanger or steam generator (38.2).
Figure 40 comprises a side view of a power generation system, comprising a storage tank (40.1) of a storage material, such as molten salt, which collects the heat of the solar rays from a set of heat exchanger rods (40.2), which transfer the heat from a heat exchanger or steam generator (40.3) positioned under the solar ray driving pipe (40.4), such that the primary circuit (40.6) collects heat by flowing through said energy storage tank (40.1) by passing through a heat exchanger or steam generator (40.7) at the bottom of said storage tank (40.1).
Figure 41 comprises a side view of a power generation system, comprising a storage tank (41.1) of a storage material, such as molten salt, which collects the heat of the solar rays from a set of heat exchanger rods (41.2), which transfer the heat from an upwardly inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (41.3) positioned under the solar ray driving pipe (41.4), such that the primary circuit (41.6) collects heat by flowing through said energy storage tank (41.1) by passing through a heat exchanger or steam generator (41.7) at the bottom of said storage tank (41.1).
Figure 42 comprises a side view of the power generation system, comprising a pipe (42.1) which drives water at high speed by gravity through a hydroelectric turbine (42.2), which in turn drives a generator (42.3) to generate electricity, before which said water (42.4) is being driven through said heat exchanger or steam generator (42.5) to collect heat.
Figure 43 comprises a side view of the power generation system, comprising a pipe (43.1) which drives water at high speed by gravity through a hydroelectric turbine (43.2), which in turn drives a generator (43.3) to generate electricity, before which said water (43.4) is being driven through said upwardly inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (42.5) to collect heat.
Figure 44 comprises a side view of the bottom part of a tower mast structure (44.2) which comprises said embedded light ray driving pipe, and which is embedded inside a housing (44.3) which protects the cables and wire sliding systems from any undesired conditions from the outer medium, along with a control room (44.4) embedded inside said housing (44.4).
Figure 45 comprises a top view of a plurality of tower mast structures (45.11), which are comprised along the pipes (45.23) of an energy storage material circuit (45.21), along with the storage tank of said energy storage material (45.22), which passes through said heat exchangers (45.10) under said tower mast structures (45.11) along with a primary circuit (45.7) which transfers heat to a secondary circuit (45.12) via a heat exchanger or steam generator (45.16).
Figure 46 comprises a top view of a plurality of tower mast structures (46.11) which are comprised along the pipes (46.28) of an energy storage material circuit (46.14), which drives said energy storage material through a heat exchanger (46.10) under each tower mast structure, such that said energy storage material transfers part of the collected heat to the water pipes (46.19) by the means of heat exchangers or steam generators (46.6) for each energy storage fluid pipe (46.28).
Figure 47 comprises a top view of a plurality of tower mast structures (47.12) which are each (47.12) positioned over a heat exchanger (47.11), through which the heat of the solar rays is transferred to the pipes (47.3) of an energy storage material circuit (47.8), which passes through a heat exchanger or steam generator (47.13) in order for said energy storage fluid to transfer part of said collected heat to a water circuit (47.10).
Figure 48 comprises a side view of an offshore floating vessel (48.13) which is sustained by tensioned steel wires (48.19), which attach to the bed by attaching to heavy anchors (48.20) or rigid supports (48.20), such that said floating vessel (48.13) comprises its energy storage tank (48.5) and tower mast structures (48.3, 48.6, 48.12) all on the same floating vessel.
Figure 49 comprises said side view of said offshore vessel design comprised on Figure 48, but with static supporting beams (49.19) or pillars (49.19) which support said floating vessel (49.13) on its required position constantly.
Figure 50 comprises a side view of an offshore submersed floating vessel (50.13) which comprises said energy storage tank (50.5) and said tower mast structures (50.2, 50.6, 50.12), all comprised on said submerged vessel (50.13), which is sustained to the bed by tensioned steel wires (50.20), and which comprises a vertically projecting tower structure (50.9) which allows maintenance workers to access said vessel’s (50.13) inner space from said water surface (50.1) by the means of a top positioned entrance door (50.10) on said tower structure (50.9), which comprises an inner staircase all down said tower structure (50.9).
Figure 51 comprises said side view of said offshore vessel comprised on Figure 50, but with rigid beams (51.19) or members (51.19) which sustain said submerged vessel (51.13) on its required position at all times.
Figure 52 comprises a side view of an offshore floating vessel (52.22) which comprises a hydrogen fluid tank (52.8) and an energy storage tank (52.5) comprised on the same vessel (52.22), altogether with said tower mast structures (52.3, 52.6, 52.9), which is sustained by tensioned steel wires (52.19).
Figure 53 comprises a side view of an offshore vessel (53.1) which is sustained over the water level (53.20) by a set of rigid pillars (53.21) or beams (53.21), and which comprises both the energy storage tank (53.5) and the hydrogen tank (53.8) along with the tower mast structures (53.3, 53.6, 53.10) on said vessel’s (53.1) surface.
Figure 54 comprises said side view of said offshore floating vessel comprised on Figure 52, but with said vessel (54.14) being sustained in its required position at all times by a set of vertical rigid pillars (54.16) or beams (54.16) on said bed (54.19).
Figure 55 comprises a side view of a set of tower mast structures (55.3, 55.5, 55.7) which are positioned beside said energy storage tank (55.4) and said hydrogen tank (55.6), such that the cables to control each tower mast structure’s (55.3, 55.5, 55.7) mirror orientations, are driven through enclosed spaces (55.11, 55.12) to a single control room (55.13), from which all tower mast structures (55.3, 55.5, 55.7) can be controlled or monitored simultaneously.
Figure 56 comprises a side cross-sectional view of the bottom tower mast structural members (56.1) which comprise pipes (56.10, 56.13, 56.6) equipped with 45 degree inclined mirrors (56.9, 56.14, 56.5), which guide the concentrated light rays delivered through the vertically projecting light driving pipes (56.2, 56.3), to a heat exchanger (56.7) comprised inside an energy storage fluid tank (56.8), such that said heat exchanger (56.7) can transfer the light ray heat to the fluid present inside said tank (56.8), as well as simultaneously to the primary circuit’s (56.15, 56.16) fluid, such that during night or dark hours, the energy storage fluid in said tank (56.8) itself, would keep said heat exchanger (56.7) heated at all times to constantly transfer said heat to the primary circuit’s (56.15, 56.16) fluid.
Figure 57 comprises a top view of a cross-section of a power generation system, comprising a set of parallel projecting conduits (57.6) over which a plurality of tower mast structures (57.1) is comprised for each of said conduits 957.6), and which comprises a flat reflection mirror (57.2) which drives said light rays to Plano concave mirrors (57.4) which drive said light rays to Plano convex mirrors (57.3), which in turn drive said light rays to a set of flat reflection mirrors (57.5), such that said light ray beams are reflected by flat mirrors (57.7,
57.9) at the end of each conduit (57.6) to drive these to other flat reflection mirrors (57.10) which drive said rays to a concave mirror (57.12) which concentrates said light rays to a convex mirror (57.11) prior of driving said rays to a heat exchanger (57.19) situated inside said energy storage fluid tank (57.18) by the reflection of another flat mirror (57.14), to transfer heat to a fluid circuit (57.17).
Figure 58 comprises said top view of Figure 57, but with a heat exchanger (58.4) which transfers heat from said light rays to a primary water circuit (58.9) and an energy storage fluid conduit (58.7) which dives fluid from the energy storage fluid storage tank (58.1).
Figure 59 comprises said top view of Figure 57 to 58, but with flat mirrors (59.1, 59.3) positioned at different heights along the conduit which drives light rays to the flat reflection mirrors (59.5) and flat position adjusting mirrors (59.2, 59.4), which are positioned at different heights and adjust the position of projection of said light rays which said mirrors (59.2, 59.4), and drive said light rays to a Plano concave mirror (59.7) which concentrates said light rays to a Plano convex mirror (59.6) before being driven to the heat exchanger (57.19).
Figure 60 comprises said top view of Figure 59, but with a heat exchanger (60.6) which supplies heat to a primary circuit pipe (60.10) and an energy storage fluid pipe (60.3).
Figure 61 comprises said top view of Figure 59, but with a Plano concave mirror (61.3) being comprised after the second flat reflection mirror (59.3) in order to concentrate said light rays prior of being reflected to said final Plano concave mirror (59.7).
Figure 62 comprises said top view of Figure 61, but with a heat exchanger (62.6) which supplies heat to both a primary circuit pipe (62.10) and an energy storage fluid pipe (62.3) simultaneously.
Figure 63 comprises said top view of Figure 61, but with concave mirrors (63.5) being positioned in front of said last flat reflection mirror (59.3), to concentrate said light rays to a convex mirrors (63.4), which then drive said light rays to said projection position adjusting mirrors (63.6).
Figure 64 comprises said top view of Figure 63, but with a heat exchanger (64.6) which supplies heat to a primary circuit pipe (64.10) and an energy storage fluid pipe simultaneously.
Figure 65 comprises said top view of Figure 63, but with a concave mirror (65.9) which concentrates light rays to a convex mirror (65.8), which in turn drives said light rays said heat exchanger (59.7) by said flat reflection mirror (65.10).
Figure 66 comprises said top view of Figure 65, but with a heat exchanger (66.6) which transfers heat to a primary circuit pipe (66.10) and an energy storage fluid pipe (66.3) simultaneously.
Figure 67 comprises said top view of Figure 65, but with said concave mirrors (67.5, 67.9) concentrating light rays to said convex mirrors (67.4, 67.8) before and after reflection by said flat reflection mirrors (67.6).
Figure 68 comprises said top view of Figure 67, but with a heat exchanger (68.6) which transfers heat to a primary circuit pipe (68.10) and an energy storage fluid pipe (68.4) simultaneously.
Figure 69 comprises a top view of said power generation system of Figures 57 to 68, which comprises a concave mirror (69.5) which concentrates said light rays being reflected from flat reflection mirrors (69.1, 69.3) as on Figure 57, to a convex mirror (69.4) prior of said light rays being reflected by the flat reflection mirrors (69.9) as on Figure 57.
Figure 70 comprises said top view of Figure 69, but with a heat exchanger (70.6) which transfers said heat to a primary circuit pipe (70.10) and an energy storage fluid pipe (70.4) simultaneously.
Figure 71 comprises said top view of Figure 69, but with a side positioned, horizontally projecting Plano concave mirror (71.4), which reflects and concentrates said light rays to the heat exchanger (71.9), which is comprised into said energy stage fluid tank (71.8), hence transferring constantly heat to it (71.8).
Figure 72 comprises said top view of Figure 71, but with a heat exchanger (72.7) which transfers heat to a primary circuit pipe (72.11) and an energy storage fluid pipe (72.3) simultaneously.
Figure 73 comprises a top view of said power generation system, which comprises flat reflection mirrors (73.26, 73.27) which reflect said light rays through separate pipes to a heat exchanger or steam generator (73.4) and a multiple direction light projecting system (73.6,
73.16) through a transparent lens (73.15) to liquefy gaseous hydrogen, while a constant light ray supply, is supplied to a heat exchanger or steam generator (73.34), which supplies heat to a primary circuit (73.31).
Figure 74 comprises said top view of Figure 73, but with an energy storage fluid pipe (74.5) being driven from the energy storage fluid tank (74.8) through said heat exchanger or steam generator (74.9) in order to constantly transfer heat to the energy storage fluid circuit (74.10), which drives said energy storage fluid back to the energy storage fluid tank (74.8).
Figure 75 comprises said top view of Figures 73 and 74, but comprises a concave mirror (75.5) which concentrates light rays to a side inclined convex mirror (75.7), which drives said light rays through a pipe (75.2) to said hydrogen liquefaction system, and which comprises a hydrogen tank (75.10) comprised after said process to store the liquefied hydrogen.
Figure 76 comprises side cross-sectional views of the light ray concentration system design possibilities in the light driving conduit (57.13) which drives light from said collection conduits (57.8) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (57.19) of Figures 57 to 75.
Figure 77 comprises side cross-sectional view of the collection light ray driving conduits (57.8), comprising the design possibilities on said conduits (57.8) of Figures 57 to 75.
Figure 78 comprises side cross-sectional views of the light ray driving conduits (57.6) which collect the light rays from said tower mast structures (57.1) by projecting under these (57.1), so that Figure 78 comprises the design possibilities of said driving conduits (57.6).
Figure 79 comprises a rear view of the tower mast structure (79.11), comprising mirrors (79.1, 79.6, 79.7, 79.9) and all other required members.
Figure 80 comprises a top view of said power generation system shown on Figures 57 to 75, which comprises the details of the desalinisation and storage process, the hydrogen separation and storage process, and the power generation process.
Figure 81 comprises said top view of Figure 81, but with a heat exchanger or steam generator (81.4) comprised between the desalinated water pipe (81.1) and the salt removal circuit water supply pipe (81.3, 81.6).
Figure 82 comprises said top view of Figure 81, but with a heat exchanger or steam generator (82.4) comprised between a secondary circuit heat removal pipe (82.6) and the primary circuit pipe (82.1) after driving the steam turbine (80.29).
Figure 83 comprises said top view of Figure 82, but comprises a refrigerant pipe (83.1) through which refrigerant is driven by a compressor (83.2), and which shares a heat exchanger or steam generator (83.5) with the desalinated water pipe (83.3).
Figure 84 comprises said top view of Figure 83, but comprises a heat exchanger or steam generator (84.5) between said primary circuit (84.2, 84.6) and said refrigerant circuit (84.1), where a second compressor (84.4) releases the heat prior of driving said refrigerant through said second heat exchanger or steam generator (84.5).
Figure 85 comprises said top view of Figure 84, but without said second compressor (84.4) comprised the two said heat exchangers or steam generators (85.3, 85.4).
Figure 86 comprises said top view of Figure 85, but comprises said primary circuit (86.2) being open and being desalinated through a desalination chamber (86.1) prior of driving said steam turbine (86.13) and being finally cooled in a heat exchanger (86.10) by a secondary heat removal circuit (86.7, 86.9).
Figure 87 comprises said top view of said Figure 86, but comprises said heat exchanger (87.3) which is shared between said primary circuit pipe (87.2, 87.4) and said salt removal circuit water supply pipe (87.1, 87.6).
Figure 88 comprises said top view of Figure 87, but with said salt evacuation circuit (88.1,
88.3, 88.4) is driven on the other way round by said pumps (88.2, 88.5).
Figure 89 comprises said top view of Figure 88, but with a heat exchanger or steam generator (89.6) which is shared between said open primary circuit (89.5, 89.8) and said refrigerant circuit (89.2, 89.9).
Figure 90 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a power generation system which comprises a lower inclined steam generator or heat exchanger (90.7), which is positioned under said tower mast structure (90.1), and which transfers heat to said primary circuit (90.2,
90.6) and a water supply pipe, which will supply water as steam to the chamber (90.16) from said heat exchanger or steam generator (90.7), to supply said heat to drive a steam turbine (90.8).
Figure 91 comprises said cross-sectional view of Figure 90, and which comprises the water supply pipe (90.1) and said primary circuit (91.2, 91.4) as separate pipes through the same heat exchanger or steam generator (91.3).
Figure 92 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 91, but comprises a heat exchanger or steam generator (90.7) as on Figure 90, and comprises a refrigerant pipe (92.7,
92.10) which drives refrigerant which is driven by a compressor (92.2) and transfers heat from said primary circuit (92.9) to an outer space, which comprises an air fan (92.3) which drives said heat out of the system.
Figure 93 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 92, but comprises said features of Figure 91 with those of Figure 92.
Figure 94 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 91, but comprises a refrigerant circuit (94.1, 94.4) which is driven by a compressor (94.2) which is comprised in said heat exchanger (94.5) with the architecture comprised on Figure 90.
Figure 95 comprises said refrigerant pipe (95.1, 95.9) of Figure 94, in said architecture of Figure 91.
Figure 96 comprises a top cross-sectional view of a set of parallel positioned solar ray concentrators (96.3) which project in a set of parallel positioned sets of solar ray concentrators (96.3), which comprises an energy storage fluid pipe (96.6) which drives fluid from said storage tank (96.20) to a set of energy storage fluid distribution pipes (96.2), which drive said fluid through parallel projecting pipes (96.26) under said tower mast structures (96.3), before a fluid collation pipe (96.4) collects said fluid and drives it to a main collection pipe (96.8), which drives said fluid through a heat exchanger or steam generator (96.12) to supply heat to a primary water circuit (96.18) before said fluid is driven back to the tank (96.20).
Figure 97 comprises said top view of Figure 96, but comprising a water circuit through said architecture of Figure 96, and comprising an energy storage fluid pipe (97.8) which drives fluid from the tank (96.20) to a set of distribution pipes (97.2), which each drive fluid through a set of heat exchangers or steam generators (97.3) under said tower mast structures (97.3), before a collection pipe (97.7) drives said fluid back to said energy storage fluid tank (96.20).
Figure 98 comprises said top view of Figure 96, but with a fluid pipe which is driven through a set of heat exchangers (98.3) comprised at the end areas of the energy storage fluid collection pipes (98.4), hence transferring heat to said fluid circuit prior of said fluid being driven through said pipe (98.1, 98.2) back to a heat exchanger or steam generator (98.7), through which said heat is transferred to the primary circuit.
Figure 99 comprises said top view of Figure 98, but with said primary circuit pipe (99.1,
99.2) being comprised as a single circuit and passing through said features of Figure 96 and being cooled by a secondary circuit through a heat exchanger (99.6), while said energy storage fluid is driven through said circuit comprised on Figure 97.
Figure 100 comprises said top view of Figure 99, but with a heat exchanger (100.4) transferring heat from the exhaust pipe (100.3, 100.5) of the primary circuit (100.2), to the intake pipe (100.1, 100.8) of said primary circuit, hence minimising heat losses to the system.
Figure 101 comprises said top view of Figure 96 and 98, but with a desalination chamber (101.3) comprised beside said heat exchanger or steam generator (101.5), with a salt evacuation pipe (101.13, 101.15) communicating to said chamber (101.3), and a heat exchanger (101.9) to transfer the heat of said desalinated water pipes (101.2) and said primary circuit, to said salt evacuation pipe (101.10, 101.13).
Figure 102 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a power generation system, where a heat exchanger (102.7) is comprised under the first light supply pipe (102.3), which supplies heat to two separate pipes (102.5, 102.10), one for hydrogen separation (102.5) and one for water desalination (102.10).
Figure 103 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 102, but with a separate pipe (103.4) which connects from said chamber (103.3) in order to drive desalinated water (103.4) .
Figure 104 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a set of tower mast structures (104.10) which are positioned in parallel beside each other (104.10), such that said vertical light driving pipes (104.1), drive light rays to a reflection mirror (104.3) on each side of the central vertical light driving pipe (104.2), in order to drive said light rays of all pipes (104.2, 104.4) through inclined driving pipes (104.4) to a centre focal point (104.5), where a heat exchanger or steam generator (104.7) is comprised to transfer the heat to a primary circuit or energy storage fluid pipe (104.6, 104.9).
Figure 105 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 104, but with said heat exchanger or steam generator (105.4) being comprised supplying heat from said light rays to an energy storage fluid transfer pipe (105.2) and a primary circuit pipe (105.6) simultaneously.
Figure 106 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 105, but comprising a connected inclined heat exchanger (106.18) which evaporates water to supply two pipes (106.14, 106.15) with desalinated water.
Figure 107 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 104, but in which said focal point is comprised on a transparent lens (107.4) which is sealed, but which allows said light rays to liquefy hydrogen after said substance is separated by the membranes (107.7, 107.8).
Figure 108 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 107, but with a separate pipe (108.1) driving part of the steam for other applications such as desalinated water storage.
Figure 109 comprises a side cross-sectional view of said system of Figures 104 to 108, but with vertical light driving pipes (109.1, 109.4) which drive concentrated light rays from tower mast structures (109.2, 109.5) to reflection mirrors (109.3) which drive said light rays through inclined pipes (109.6, 109.7) in two separate laterally positioned V shaped pipe architectures (109.1, 109.4, 109.6, 109.7), with focal points being comprised on a heat exchanger or steam generator (109.9) which evaporates water, and with another focal point comprised on a transparent lens (109.10) to liquefy said hydrogen fuel after separation.
Figure 110 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 109, but with a separate heat exchanger (110.4) which is connected to the main heat exchanger (110.3), in order to evaporate water in a desalination chamber, in order to drive said water through two (110.5,
110.7) separate pipes.
Figure 111 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 110, but a set of two desalination chambers (111.6, 111.9) being connected through a salt evacuation pipe (111.11), such that water supply pipes (111.15, 111.16) supply water to each desalination chamber (111.6, 111.19), but said water is finally evacuated by a single pipe (111.18).
Figure 112 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 111, but with two septate pipes (112.3, 112.4) comprised connecting from said upper desalination chamber (112.1).
Figure 113 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 112, but with two separate pipes (113.2, 113.3) which connect from said lower desalination chamber (113.7).
Figure 114 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 114, comprising a separate heat exchanger (114.5) which evaporates the water into a desalination chamber (114.6), and connect to the main heat exchanger (114.2), with an open primary circuit (114.1, 114.3).
Figure 115 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 114, and comprises a closed primary circuit (115.3, 115.5).
Figure 116 comprises a side cross-sectional view of two laterally positioned half V shaped pipe architectures (116.1, 116.5, 116.6, 116.8), where said vertically light driving pipes (116.1, 116.6), drive said light rays to reflection mirrors (116.4), which in turn drive said light rays through inclined pipes (116.5) to a focal point (116.8), which is positioned under the vertical light driving pipe (116.6), which is positioned at the mid part of said half V shaped pipe architecture (116.1, 116.5, 116.6, 116.8), such that said focal points (116.8) are comprised on said heat exchanger (116.9) and said transparent lens (116.12) to liquefy the hydrogen which flows through said pipe (116.13).
Figure 117 comprises a top view of said systems of Figures 104 to 116, but is comprised in three dimensions, such that the light driving pipes (117.10) project from said tower mast structures (117.15) to a focal point (117.8) which is comprised under a tower mast structure (117.5), and which supplies heat to a transparent lens (117.8), which heats the fluid which flows through a pipe (117.2, 117.12).
Figure 118 comprises said top view of Figure 118, but with a set of separate pipes (118.1) being driven through a heat exchanger or steam generator (118.4), which is comprised in said focal point (117.8) of Figure 117, and to which said heat exchanger or steam generator (118.4) transfers heat to simultaneously.
Figure 119 comprises a side view of a tower mast structure, which comprises said transparent glass shield (119.5) which is comprised between said two flat reflection mirrors (119.1,
119.6) at the lower area of said mast structure, and which comprises said lower water sealed (119.8) closed housing (119.3, 119.4, 119.9, 119.11, 119.12).
Figure 120 comprises a side view of a tower mast structure (120.2) which comprises a lower water sealed (120.19) closed protection housing (120.17, 120.18, 120.20, 120.22, 120.23), and which comprises a vertically projecting pipe (120.13, 120.16) which drives fluid through a set of horizontally projecting pipes (120.7, 120.9) which supplies fluid to a heat collection pipe (120.3) which is comprised at the focal points over each of said Plano concave mirror (120.6), which is situated at a pivot positioned at said pipe (120.3) cross-section, such that fluid is supplied to collect the heat from said Plano concave mirror (120.6) prior of driving said fluid back down (120.15) said mast structure (120.2).
Figure 121 comprises said side view of Figure 120, but with said pivot (121.4) being positioned under each of said Plano concave mirrors (121.12), such that a pipe (121.7) drives fluid to the fluid heat collection pipe (121.2) positioned at the focal point of said Plano concave mirrors (121.12).
Figure 122 comprises a top view of said tower mast structures (122.3a) comprised on Figures 120, 121 and 125, including pipes (122.7a, 122.18a, 122.20a, 122.22a), mirrors (122.10a) and cables (122. la, 122.16a) on Figure 122a, and a frontal view of the top area of said tower mast structure (122.3b) on Figure 122b, including wires (122.16b, 122.24b, 122.26b), pipes (122.5b, 122.12b, 122.20b, 122.14b, 122.17b, 122.15b, 122.23b, 122.22b) and mirrors (122.9b).
Figure 123 comprises a side view of a tower mast structure (123.1) which comprises solar ray collection mirrors (123.3, 123.2) which collect and reflect said light rays vertically on a Plano concave mirror (123.6), which drives said light rays to a heat collection pipe (123.5) positioned along the focal point of said Plano concave mirrors (123.6), such that a vertically projecting pipe (123.14, 123.15) which drives heat collecting fluid through horizontally projecting pipes (123.11, 123.12) which drive fluid along said heat collection pipe (123.5) in order to collect the heat, such that a vertical pipe (123.7) drives fluid from mirror (123.6) to mirror (123.6) until said fluid is driven through a horizontal pipe (123.4) from said uppermost mirror, to a vertically projecting pipe (123.13), which drives the fluid out of said tower mast structure (123.1) to the power generation area.
Figure 124 comprises said side view of said system of Figure 123, but with said solar ray collection mirrors (124.1, 124.2) being positioned in the neutral default positions.
Figure 125 comprises said side view of said tower mast structures of Figures 120 and 121, but with the rotational pivots (125.7) of said Plano concave mirrors (125.1) being comprised around said pipe connection points (125.9) as on Figure 121, but with said Plano concave mirrors (125.1) being positioned such that said rotational pivots (125.7) are comprised between the lower surfaces of said Plano concave mirrors (125.1) and said focal point positioned heat energy transfer pipes (125.2).
Figure 126 comprises said side view of Figure 1, but with said solar ray collection mirrors (126.8, 126.10) each comprising a tensioned stressed wire (126.2, 126.6) and an opposite direction oriented wire (126.5, 126.7), which each connect to the respective rotational pivots (126.3, 126.4) of said solar ray collection mirrors (126.8, 126.10).
Figure 127 comprises said side view of Figure 126, but with convex mirrors (127.4) in the positions of said Plano concave mirrors (126.13) and convex mirrors (127.3) in the positions of said Plano convex mirrors (126.11).
Figure 128 comprises said side view of Figure 125, but with two opposite direction oriented wires (128.5, 128.6) being comprised connecting to the rotational pivots (128.7) of each Plano concave mirror (128.3) in order for said mirrors (128.3) to be as easily controllable as possible, even if one of said actuation wires (128.5, 128.6, 128.1) snaps.
Figure 129 comprises said side view of Figure 123 and 124, but which comprises stressed tensioned wires (129.5, 129.8) and opposite direction oriented wires (129.7, 129.3) which connect to the rotational pivots (129.4, 129.6) of said solar ray collection mirrors (129.1,
129.2), such that said actuation wires (129.5, 129.8, 129.7, 129.3, 129.10) to control said solar ray collection mirrors (129.1, 129.2) easily.
Figure 130 comprises said side view of Figure 120, but comprises said actuation wires (130.4) which comprises stressed tensioned wires (130.6) and opposite direction oriented wires (130.5) in order to control said Plano concave mirrors (130.3) as easily as possible.
Figure 131 comprises said side view of Figure 121, but comprises said actuation wires (131.1) which comprises stressed tensioned wires (131.3) and opposite direction oriented wires (131.2) in order to control said Plano concave mirrors (131.6) as easily as possible.
Figure 132 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 126, but comprising said flat solar ray collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5) being comprised opposite to each other (132.2,
132.5), and being oriented by actuation wires (132.3, 132.16) which drive stressed tensioned (132.4, 132.13) and opposite direction oriented (132.1, 132.12) wires to orientate a rotational pivot (132.6, 136.3, 136.10) which is comprised near the centre of mass of said flat solar ray collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5), and preferably over said centres of mass of said mirrors (132.2, 132.5), in order to minimise the actuation energy required for said flat solar ray collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5).
Figure 133 comprises said side view of Figure 132, but with concave mirrors (133.2) comprised on the positions of said Plano concave mirrors (132.17), and convex mirrors (133.1) being comprised on the positions of said Plano convex mirrors (132.10).
Figure 134 comprises said side view of Figure 7, but with actuation wires (134.4) which actuate said tensioned and opposite direction oriented wires (134.2) for each outer flat solar ray collection mirror (132.2), which is supported by an outwardly inclined vertically projecting member (134.3) which connects to a horizontally projecting member (134.1), which sustains the other mirrors of said system.
Figure 135 comprises said side view of Figure 134, but with said flat solar ray collection mirrors (135.1, 135.2) being comprised in the non-functional default position.
Figure 136 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 129, but comprising said flat solar ray collection mirrors (136.2, 136.9) being comprised opposite to each other (136.2, 136.9), and being oriented by actuation wires (136.14, 136.18) which drive stressed tensioned (136.5, 136.16) and opposite direction oriented (136.1, 136.17) wires to orientate a rotational pivot (136.3, 136.10) which is comprised near the centre of mass of said flat solar ray collection mirrors (136.2, 136.9), and preferably over said centres of mass of said mirrors (136.2, 136.9), in order to minimise the actuation energy required for said flat solar ray collection mirrors (136.2, 136.9).
Figure 137 comprises a vertically projecting cross-sectional view of the bottom area of the tower mast structure (137.1), which comprises the housings (137.2, 137.3) of the heat collection fluid supply pipe (137.6) to said mirrors (120.6, 121.12, 123.6, 124.4, 125.1, 128.3,
129.9, 130.3, 131.6, 136.8) of said mast structure (137.1), and the heat collection fluid evacuation pipe (137.5), a feature referencing to the designs comprised on Figures 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 128, 129, 130, 131 and 136.
Figure 138 comprises a side view of said tower mast structure being comprised in a closed housing (138.3), comprised of metallic frames (138.1, 138.2, 138.3) which comprise transparent glass, plastic or Plexiglas panes between these, such that said structure (138.3) comprises a water evacuation pipe (138.5) which drains the rain water down from a water collection pipe (138.4) comprised around the roof, such that said structure (138.3) is comprised on said closed protection housings (138.6, 138.7) which cover said actuation wires and said control handles.
Figure 139 comprises a side view of said tower mast structure, which comprises horizontally projecting inner light collection mirror supports (139.1, 139.4) which are longer as the height of the tower mast structure increases, as said inner solar ray collection mirrors (139.3, 139.6) are sustained from a higher point above the centres of mass of these (139.3, 139.6) in order to counterbalance the weight of the actuation wires, such that said design can also be comprised on the outer solar ray collection mirrors (140.2, 140.6).
Figure 140 comprises a side view of said tower mast structure, comprising counterweights (140.3, 140.4, 140.9, 140.10) which are comprised on the lower rear areas of both outer (140.2, 140.6) and inner (140.1, 140.7) solar ray collection mirrors, and which increase in size (140.3, 140.4) as said mirrors (140.1, 140.2) are comprised higher along the tower mast structure, hence comprising smaller counterweights (140.9, 140.10) for said mirrors (140.6,
140.7) which are comprised closer to the ground, hence counterbalancing the weight of the actuation wires, which increase with height, and hence minimising the force required by automatic control equipment or maintenance workers on said control handles (140.11,
140.12, 140.13).
Figure 141 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a set of pipes (141.3) which do not comprise a centre vertical light driving pipe, and which drives light rays towards flat mirrors (141.6) and a heat exchanger or steam generator (141.7) simultaneously, such that said light rays can simultaneously be used for various heating applications.
Figure 142 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 141, but which comprises other flat mirrors (142.1, 142.2) which are inclined at different angles in order to reflect the light rays which are driven by perpendicular projecting pipes (141.3).
Figure 143 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 142, but with all pipes (143.1) driving light rays to a solar light ray meeting point (143.2), which comprises a heat exchanger or steam generator (143.3).
Figure 144 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 143, but with a central vertically projecting light driving pipe (144.1), and flat mirrors (144.5, 144.6) being comprised on both sides of said heat exchanger or steam generator (144.4), such that said light rays if said side pipes (144.6) are used to heat other applications, while said vertical light driving pipe (144.1) supplies heat to said heat exchanger or steam generator (144.4).
Figure 145 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 144, but with flat mirrors (145.2, 145.3, 145.4) which are positioned at perpendicular angles to said flat mirrors (145.5) shown, and which are comprised to reflect light rays which are driven through pipes which project perpendicularly to said pipes (144.6) being comprised, allowing said vertically driven light rays, to be driven through a cavity (145.3) comprised into the set of flat mirrors (145.2,
145.3, 145.4).
Figure 146 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 145, but with said perpendicular angled flat mirrors (146.4, 146.5) being comprised to reflect the perpendicularly projecting light rays on only one side of said light ray meeting point.
Figure 147 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 146, but with said flat reflection mirrors (147.5, 147.7) driving said light rays to a laser cooling process apparatus (147.8), which drives light rays in three dimensions with said mirrors (147.7).
Figure 148 comprises said side cross-sectional view of Figure 147, but which comprises only one plane focusing flat mirrors (148.3), which drives said light rays to a laser cooling process apparatus (148.4).
Figure 149 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a set of light driving pipes (149.1), which drive light rays in parallel (149.3) to each side of a heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5) , hence driving pipes from at least two sides of said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5) to it (149.5), as well as comprising a vertical light driving pipe (149.4) supplying heat to it (149.5).
Figure 150 comprises a top cross-sectional view of a set of light driving pipes (150.1, 150.2,
150.6) which drive light rays from a set of tower mast structures (150.3) horizontally or partially downward inclined, towards a light ray meeting point (150.4), where a heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5) is comprised to collect the heat, as well as comprising a set of flat reflection mirrors (150.9) to supply light ray heat to other applications through a pipe (150.7).
Figure 151 comprises a top cross-sectional view of said system of Figure 150, but with said light ray meeting points (151.11) comprised along both parallel projecting lateral surfaces (151.5, 151.10) of said heat exchanger or steam generator (151.6).
Figure 152 comprises a top cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger or steam generator (152.1) along which a plurality of light driving pipes (152.3, 152.5), are driven in continuous separate pipes (152.3, 152.5) to both parallel projecting lateral side (152.2, 152.4) of said heat exchanger or steam generator (152.1), such that said pipes (152.3, 152.5) can be either horizontally projecting (149.3) or downward inclined (148.1).
Figure 153 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8), which comprises both downward inclined light driving pipes (153.6), along with a vertical light driving pipe (153.3), which concentrate said light rays into the top surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8), while simultaneously comprising said horizontally projecting light driving pipes (153.7), which drive light rays of lateral positioned tower mast structures to both side walls of said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8).
Figure 154 comprises a side cross-sectional view of said side downward inclined light driving pipes (154.6), which concentrate light rays on the side walls of said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.8), while simultaneously comprising said set of downward inclined pipes (154.7) , along with a vertical light driving pipe (154.3), hence concentrating light rays to the upper surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.8).
Figure 155 comprises a side cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8) which comprises a vertical light driving pipe (155.3) along with side inclined light driving pipes (155.7), driving light rays through fully separate pipes (155.3, 155.7) to the top surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8), while simultaneously comprising the side downward inclined light driving pipes (155.6), driving light rays in fully separate pipes (155.6) from lateral positioned vertical light driving pipes (155.1) to each lateral side surface of the heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8) simultaneously.
Figure 156 comprises a side cross-sectional view of the basement area of said mast structure (156.8a) under said sealing members (156.4a) which surround the lower part of said mast structure (156.8a), along with a top cross-sectional view of said basement area of said mast structure (156.5b).
The present invention comprises a vertical mast structure (1.1) which comprises a plurality of systems positioned one on top of the other, with each system comprising a Plano concave mirror (1.7) which is positioned under a flat collection mirror (1.4), and which is positioned in front of and slightly below a Plano convex mirror (1.6), such that said Plano convex mirror (1.6) is positioned closer to said vertical mast structure (1.1) than said Plano concave mirror (1.7) . Each system below the upper system also comprises two oppositely positioned 45 degree inclined mirrors (1.5, 1.10), which drive the concentrated light rays (1.12) away from said tower mast structure (1.1), such that these are reflected vertically downwards, but further away to said tower structure (1.1). The first 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5) faces partly upwards and partly away from the tower mast (1.1) and towards the other 45 degree flat mirror (1.10). The other 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10) faces partly horizontally towards said mast (1.1) and hence towards the other mirror (1.15), and partly vertically downwards towards the lower Plano concave mirror (1.7) of the lower light concentration system.
So, the present invention comprises a vertical tower mast structure (1.1) which sustains a set of Plano concave mirrors (1.7) which are orientated such that the solar rays (1.8) deflected by the flat mirror (1.4) positioned above said Plano concave mirror (1.7), are directed towards a Plano convex mirror (1.6), on which the solar rays are concentrated and then deflected vertically downwards due to said Plano convex mirror’s shape (1.6). The solar rays are then deflected horizontally away from said vertical mast by a 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5), and then reflected again vertically downwards by another flat 45 degree inclined mirror (1.10). After said system procedure, said solar rays are directed by a Plano concave mirror (1.7) positioned under the lower system’s flat collection mirror (1.4) and directed again towards a Plano convex mirror (1.6) positioned on an equivalent position as on the upper system, such that the whole process starts again during a plurality of times, hence passing through a plurality of systems down said tower mast (1.1), each time strengthening the intensity of the light rays (1.12) concerned. When said light rays (1.12) reach the bottom of said vertical mast structure (1.1), said solar rays are hence driven down a flow of water, where those heat said water instantaneously and convert it into steam in order to drive turbines, and hence drive generators to generate electricity.
The system is configured such that said tower structure (1.1) comprises a plurality of systems which are mounted on top of each other. On each system, the components are positioned at a specific configuration. On each of said systems, a flat collection mirror (1.4) is positioned on top of a Plano concave mirror (1.7). Said Plano concave mirror (1.7) is inclined towards the tower structure (1.1), such that it (1.7) partly faces towards the tower structure, and partly towards the above positioned flat collection mirror (1.4). The Plano concave mirror (1.7) is designed such that it will receive all the light rays (1.12) which are reflected vertically downwards by said flat collection mirrors (1.4). Said Plano concave mirrors (1.7) are also positioned such that these will not only receive the light rays (1.12) which are reflected vertically downward from said flat collection mirrors (1.4), but also the concentrated light rays (1.12) which are reflected downwards by said outer 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10), which is positioned on top of the outer edge of said Plano concave mirror (1.7).
The inner 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5) of the upper system, and the Plano convex mirror (1.6) of the lower system, are both sustained by a common horizontally projecting member (1.2) in each system’s case, and are hence both (1.5, 1.6) mounted on top of each other, with the inner 45 degree inclined flat mirror of the upper system (1.5) being mounted on top of the Plano convex mirror (1.6) of the lower system, such that said horizontally projecting member (1.2) sustains both elements (1.5, 1.6) and is positioned between the two (1.5, 1.6) for each system’s case.
The Plano concave mirrors (1.7) are each supported by a vertically projecting member (1.9), which sustain these (1.9) to the horizontally projecting members (1.3) on which said mirrors (1.7) are attached to. Said horizontally projecting members (1.3) also sustain the lower system’s flat collection mirror (1.4) for each system’s case.
The outer 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10) is sustained by a vertically projecting member (1.11) which attaches to the Plano concave mirror (1.7) positioned below it (1.10).
The resulting concentrated light rays (1.12), once arriving at the bottom of the mast structure (1.1), can be deflected by a 45 degree inclined flat mirror horizontally towards an opening inside said mast (1.1), and then reflected again by another 45 degree inclined flat mirror housed inside the bottom volume of the mast (1.1), hence driving said concentrated light rays (1.12) vertically downwards until accessing the flowing water, in order to evaporate it and generate electricity by driving turbines which in turn drive generators. The first (the outer mirror) of said 45 degree inclined flat mirrors faces partly upwards and partly towards the mast structure (1.1), and hence partly towards the other 45 degree inclined flat mirror, while the other flat mirror (the inner mirror) partly faces towards the outer 45 degree inclined mirror, and partly downwards, into the lower volume of the mast structure (1.1), and hence towards the water flowing below said mast structure (1.1).
The Plano convex mirror (1.6) is positioned in front of said Plano concave mirror (1.7) and just near to said tower structure’s mast (1.1). Said Plano convex mirror (1.6) is therefore positioned inwards near to said tower mast (1.1), and partly faces towards said Plano concave mirror (1.7), and partly vertically downwards, hence reflecting the concentrated light rays (1.12) vertically downwards into a vertical light beam (1.12). Said vertical light ray beam (1.12) is then reflected by a flat mirror (1.5) which is inclined at 45 degrees. Said flat mirror (1.5) hence faces partly upwards towards said Plano convex mirror (1.6), and partly horizontally outwards, hence facing oppositely and away from said tower mast, and towards the other 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10), such that said mirror (1.5) partly faces to said 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10) which reflects the concentrated light rays (1.12) to a vertical direction again. So, the second (1.10) of the two said 45 degree inclined flat mirrors (1.5, 1.10), which is the outer 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10), partly faces towards said inner 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5) and so towards said tower mast (1.1), and partly downwards towards the outer area of said Plano concave mirror (1.7).
The flat collection mirrors (1.4) of each system are sustained by two members (1.3), which are hence each positioned at the extreme side of said collection mirror (1.4). Said members house the actuators to orientate said collection mirror (1.4), and leave a space behind said collection mirror (1.4) in order for the concentrated light rays (1.12) coming from the upper system to be driven vertically downwards behind it (1.4).
As a result, in a system positioned on top, the light rays (1.8) are collected by said flat solar ray collection mirrors (1.4) and are concentrated by said Plano concave mirror (1.7) into said Plano convex mirror (1.6), from which these are reflected vertically downwards and driven to the next lower system, such that said light rays (1.12) are driven behind the lower system’s flat solar collection mirror (1.4). After that operation, said light rays (1.12) are reflected horizontally away from said tower mast (1.1) by said inner 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5), and then again vertically downwards by said outer 45 degree incline flat mirror (1.10), such that in the lower system, the concentrated light rays (1.12) are then concentrated along with the light rays (1.8) reflected by the flat collection mirror (1.4) of said lower system. And so, said process is repeated during a plurality of times until said concentrated light rays (1.12) reach the bottom of said tower mast structure (1.1). Each process hence strengthens the intensity of the light rays (1.12).
After arriving to the bottom of the mast structure (1.1), said light rays (1.12) are reflected towards a horizontal direction towards an opening through said mast structure (1.1) by a 45 degree inclined flat mirror, into the lower volume of said tower mast (1.1), and then finally vertically downwards by another 45 degree inclined flat mirror which is positioned inside the lower volume of said mast structure (1.1), such that said light rays (1.12) are driven downwards into the lower volume of said tower mast (1.1), and so towards a flowing water channel, such that said concentrated light rays (1.12) heat the water while flowing under said concentrated light beam (1.12), which converts the water into steam instantaneously. The steam then drives turbines, which in turn drive generators in order to generate electricity.
The mirrors (1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.10) comprised on this system are aimed at offering a similar solar ray concentration effect than in the case of lenses, but by avoiding the transparency problem of the lenses, as well as the weight of the lenses, and so by avoiding the use of lenses to concentrate the solar rays into a concentrated solar ray beam.
Said previously stated elements are made of a composite material, preferably carbon fibre reinforced plastics or glass fibre reinforced plastics, or a transparent material, preferably glass, transparent PVC or UPVC, or Plexiglas, or a plastic material, preferably UPVC, PVC, polyethylene or polypropylene, or a metallic material, preferably steel or an aluminium alloy, or cement, or concrete, or a combination of at least two of said materials.
Said solar ray concentration system can hence be used to supply power and/or supply heat and/or supply water and/or comprised in mountainous areas, high altitude places, low altitude places, lake shores, sea shores, lakes, rivers, river sides, seas, canals, channels, canal shores, channel shores, ships, boats, submarines, trains, trucks, lorries, trailers, aircraft, air cushion ground effect vehicles, ground effect vehicles, maritime vehicles, naval vehicles, helicopters, airplanes, space planes, satellites, spacecraft, space stations, buildings, houses, factories, factory buildings, telecommunication towers, communication towers, airports, airport control towers, hospitals, tower blocks, towers, skyscrapers, quarries, mines, harbours, cranes, power stations, cooling towers, antennas, oceanographic vessels, icebreakers, offshore vessels, wind turbine offshore vessels, oil tankers, container vessels, solar thermal power generation offshore vessels, thermal power generation offshore vessels, offshore vessels, workboats, work vessels, tugs, marine vessels, oil rigs, oil rig towers, oil drilling towers, oil drilling vessels, industrial vessels, crane masts, cranes, wind turbines, wind turbine masts, signalling masts, signalling towers, railway signalling towers, railway signalling masts, traffic light masts, jack-up cranes, jack-up vessels, jack-up ships, jack-up rigs, rigs, barges, floating barges, sea barges, river barges, canal barges, railway catenary pillars, railway catenary masts, road traffic masts, road lighting masts, street lighting masts, pontoons, submersible pontoons, submersible barges, submersible vessels, submersible offshore vessels, bridges, bridge masts, dams, submersible wind turbine vessels, submersible solar thermal power generation vessels, desalination plants, offshore desalination plants, submersible desalination plants, semi-submersible desalination plants, semi-submersible barges, semi-submersible pontoons, semi-submersible vessels, semi-submersible offshore vessels, semi-submersible wind turbine vessels, semi-submersible solar thermal power generation vessels, icebreakers, shipyards, shipyard docks, dry docks, floating docks, semi-submersible docks, docks, harbours, ports, and dockyards.
The solar ray concentration system comprised in this invention can either be positioned onshore, or offshore on a floating object such as a raft, barrage, ship, or pontoon. However, said system should preferably be positioned on the ground and near to the sae, a river, or a lake. These water sources will supply the necessary water for steam generation, and hence for electricity production.
To summarise, the present invention comprises a vertically projecting mast structure (1.1) which comprises a plurality of systems which are mounted on top of the other down said mast (1.1) from top to bottom, and in which each of said systems comprises a flat collection mirror (1.4) which is sustained by two parallel horizontally projecting members (1.3) which sustain the Plano concave mirror (1.7) of the system positioned on top of the system concerned, such that said system comprises a Plano concave mirror (1.7) which faces towards the mast structure (1.1) and which is positioned below said flat collection mirror (1.4), which concentrates the solar rays (1.8) deflected by the flat collection mirror (1.4) towards a Plano convex mirror (1.6) which faces opposite to said mast structure (1.1), and which hence faces towards said Plano concave mirror (1.7), hence being positioned in front of and slightly above of said Plano concave mirror (1.7), and which is (1.6) nearer to said vertical mast structure (1.1) than said Plano concave mirror (1.7), so that said Plano convex mirror (1.6) deflects the solar rays (1.12) vertically downwards after being concentrated, into a vertical concentrated light ray (1.12) by said oppositely positioned Plano concave mirror (1.7), which is driven behind the flat collection mirror (1.4) of the system positioned below said system, and is then reflected towards a horizontal direction and away from said mast structure (1.1) by a 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5) which is positioned below the upper system’s Plano convex mirror (1.6) and which partly faces upwards towards said Plano convex mirror (1.6) and partly horizontally away from said mast structure (1.1) and so towards another 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10), which is positioned horizontally in front of said inner 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5) in turn reflects said light rays (1.12) vertically downwards by partly facing towards the mast structure (1.1) and so towards the inner 45 degree inclined mirror (1.5), and partly downwards towards the Plano concave mirror (1.7) of said lower system, which is positioned below said outer 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10), as well as below the whole surface of the lower system’s solar collection mirror (1.4), which hence concentrates the light rays deflected by both the outer 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10) and the said flat solar ray collection mirror (1.4) of said lower system, hence repeating said process in a plurality of times from the top to the bottom of said mast structure (1.1), and therefore concentrating and increasing the intensity of the light rays (1.12) at each system until obtaining a very high intensity light ray (1.12).
Said solar ray concentration system (1.1) is comprised of a plurality of systems which are mounted on top of the other down said mast (1.1) from top to bottom, and in which a flat collection mirror (1.13) is positioned outwards and sustained by an electric motor actuated rotational system (1.14) which connects to the bottom of said flat mirror (1.13), which is in turn connects to a vertical member (1.11) which connects these to the lower member’s structure (1.3), such that said collection mirror (1.13) is positioned in front of each of said systems comprises a flat mirror (1.4) which is sustained by an electric motor actuated rotary system at the top end of said flat mirror (1.4) and which is sustained by two top positioned horizontal members (1.3) positioned at each side.
Said solar ray concentration system is comprised such that said outer flat collection mirror (1.13) is constantly oriented to reflect the solar rays (1.8) towards a horizontal direction towards the vertical mast (1.1) which sustains said structure, such that if the solar rays (1.8) project at angles high than 45 degrees to the ground, said mirror (1.13) reflects said solar rays (1.8) to the inner solar collection mirror (1.4), which is inclined at 45 degrees in order to reflect these (1.8) at 45 degrees vertically downwards.
Said solar ray concentration system is comprised such that said outer flat collection mirror (1.13) is positioned at the same angle as the angle of projection of the solar rays (1.8) to the ground, such that said rays are projected to the inner flat collection mirrors (1.4) which reflect said solar rays (1.8) directly vertically downwards, all this being programmed to the computer control unit which controls the rotational actuators (1.14) when the solar rays (1.8) project at an angle of 45 degrees or lower to the ground.
Said solar ray concentration system is comprised such that said outer flat collection mirrors (1.13) and its connecting members (1.11, 1.9) and rotational systems (1.14) are positioned on top of each other, each (1.13) at the same distance from each other and from the mast structure (1.1) which sustains the set solar ray concentration systems.
Said solar ray concentration system is comprised such that said inner flat collection mirror (1.4) is constantly inclined at an angle of 45 degrees, facing partly horizontally away from the mast structure (1.1) and partly vertically downwards when said outer flat collection mirror (1.13) initially reflects the incoming solar rays (1.8) towards said inner flat collection mirror (1.4) .
Said solar ray concentration system is comprised such that said outer collection mirrors (1.13) are positioned at a greater horizontal distance from the main structural mast (1.1) than the inner collection mirror (1.4), such that said outer collection mirror (1.13) comprises a length which spans to the upper positioned horizontal members (1.3) when said mirror (1.13) is tilted at its highest inclination angle compared to the ground level.
The outer collection mirror (1.13) is inclined such that it will always reflect the solar rays towards a horizontal direction and towards the inner flat mirror (1.4). This however will occur only when the solar rays (1.8) shine at angles greater than 45 degrees to the ground. All the actuators (1.14) of both inner (1.4) and outer (1.13) collection mirrors are controlled by a centralised computerised control unit. The outer flat collection mirrors (1.13) are sustained form the lower ends. The length of the outer flat mirror (1.13) is such that the solar rays (1.8) which are reflected by it (1.13) will always be fully directed to the inner mirror (1.4) when being inclined at 45 degrees, such that said mirror (1.13) will be as vertically high as the inner mirror (1.4) when said inner mirror (1.4) is inclined at 45 degrees. The inner mirror’s (1.4) length is such that all rays which are reflected by it (1.4) will always be directed vertically downwards towards the concave mirror (1.7) positioned under it (1.4).
The rotary actuators (1.14) of the outer mirrors (1.13) constantly rotate said outer mirrors (1.13) in order to reflect and drive the solar rays horizontally towards the inner mirror (1.4).
The orientation which is actuated by the actuators (1.14) is fully computer controlled for the actuation (1.14) of each outer mirror (1.13).
The outer mirror (1.13) offers the advantage that a higher surface area will be available for solar ray collection and reflection when the solar rays project at angles greater than 45 degrees to the ground. This system will therefore increase the intensity of the solar rays reflected when the sun shines at high angles during the peak solar periods of the day, hence increasing significantly the intensity of the light rays, and hence maximising the system’s power generation and energy generation efficiency.
When the solar rays (1.8) project at angles which are lower than 45 degrees to the ground, the computerised control unit is programmed to ensure that the surface of said outer flat collection mirrors (1.13) are inclined at exactly 90 degrees to the direction of projection of the solar rays (1.8), hence positioning aid outer mirrors (1.13) exactly perpendicular to the direction of projection of the solar rays. The purpose of this system feature is that this will avoid the outer mirrors (1.13) to generate any shading on the lower inner mirror (1.4) when the solar rays (1.8) project at shallow angles, hence maximising solar ray caption and reflection, and therefore maximising the system’s energy generation efficiency.
Any shading produced by the outer mirrors (1.13) would impede part of the solar rays (1.8) to project on the inner mirrors (1.4) when the solar rays project at shallow angles, hence reducing the solar ray reflection efficiency, and hence reducing the system’s power generation efficiency.
When said outer flat collection mirrors (1.13) are not in operation due to the angle of the incoming light rays (1.8) being 45 degrees or less in comparison with the ground level, said outer flat collection mirrors (1.13) are inclined to exactly the same inclination as said incoming solar light rays (1.8), such that the shade generated by said mirrors (1.13) is minimal on the lower inner flat collection mirrors (1.4), hence maximising light (1.8) collection from said mirrors (1.4), and so maximising the system’s light concentration efficiency.
Said tower mast structure (1.1) is oriented about an axis (1.15) which is located along the centre of the crops-sectional view of said mast structure (1.1), which is circular, such that said mast is rotated along the ground or basement plane and about said axis (1.15) at the centre of said mast’s (1.1) cross-sectional view, hence orienting said flat collection mirrors (1.4, 1.13), such that these (1.4, 1.13) are exactly frontally positioned to said incoming solar rays (1.8).
With said rotational mast (1.1) system, said mirrors (1.4, 1.13) can maximise solar ray collection by constantly comprising the surfaces of said mirrors (1.4, 1.13) positioned at 90 degrees perpendicular to the direction of projection of said incoming solar rays (1.8).
Said mirrors (1.4, 1.13) are hence constantly positioned in front of said incoming solar rays (1.8), but are not each oriented individually. The tower mast structure (1.1) is oriented individually about said axis (1.15) according to the sun’s positon along the horizon by an electric motor actuated system which is positioned under the basement (3.4) of said mast (1.1). Said motor rotates the tower mast structure (1.1) to the required orientation. The electric motor actuation system is connected to a computerised controller which sends data to the electric rotary system according to the date and time of the year concerned. All of this data is programmed into the computerised data controller, which feeds data to the electric rotational system.
Each of said flat solar light collection mirrors (1.4, 1.13) is however oriented according to the angle of the incoming solar rays (1.8) in comparison to the ground or basement (3.4) plane. Said mirrors (1.4, 1.13) are oriented by an electric actuated system (1.14, 1.16) which is positioned at the point of contact between said mirrors (1.4, 1.13) and the corresponding supporting members (1.3, 1.11).
Said systems (1.14, 1.16) comprise electric actuators (1.14, 1.16) being positioned at each of said flat mirrors (1.4, 1.13), which actuate the rotational movements by the means of electric motors. The orientation data is supplied by a computerised data controller, into which all the solar ray (1.8) income angles and the sun’s position along the horizon is programmed for the whole years’ time. Said computerised controller feeds the actuators (1.14, 1.16) with the required data in accordance to the date and solar orientation according to the position of the sun along the horizon for the date concerned. The transmission and supply of data form the computerised controller to the actuators (1.14, 1.16) can be wireless or by the means of wired communication.
The horizontal supports (1.2, 2.1) which sustain said Plano convex mirrors (1.6) and said inner 45 degree inclined mirrors (1.5, 2.2) can also be comprised as a longer projecting geometry in order to sustain the outer 45 degree inclined flat mirrors (2.3) being positioned over the inner area of said Plano concave mirrors (2.4) being positioned under said outer 45 degree flat mirrors (2.3). This design will offer the advantage that the concentrated solar rays which are reflected by said Plano concave mirrors (2.4) after being deflected by said inner flat collection mirrors (1.4), will not cross the concentrated solar rays perpendicularly, as these will be concentrated towards said Plano convex mirror (1.6) simultaneously with the outer reflected solar rays (1.8) being concentrated. In the case of this design (2.1, 2.3, 2.4), said concentrated solar rays are projected vertically upwards and towards said mast structure (1.1) from the surface of said Plano concave mirrors (2.4) to that of said Plano convex mirrors (1.6).
This design (2.1, 2.3, 2.4) will not really make a difference in efficiency, but is a slightly alternative design to that shown on Figure 1. In the design concerned (2.1, 2.3, 2.4), the Plano concave mirrors (2.4) will hence be positioned slightly more inward than those (1.7) comprised on Figure 1, hence offering a wider vertical spacing of exposure for solar ray (1.8) collection to the outer flat collection mirrors (1.13), hence increasing the efficiency of solar ray (1.8) collection by said system when said solar rays (1.8) project at angels which are higher than 45 degrees to the ground level. This is because the solar rays will now be reflected by the inner area of said Plano concave mirrors (2.4).
The power generation system comprised in this invention, comprises a lower concentration system, which simultaneously concentrates and drives the high intensity light rays into a hollow pipe (3.7) positioned inside the lower area of said mast structure (3.1). The system concerned comprises a concave mirror (3.3) which is positioned just under the lowest Plano convex mirror (1.6) which is attached to said mast structure (1.1, 3.3). Said concave mirror is positioned in front of a convex mirror (3.2) which is positioned inside the lower structure of said mast structure (3.1), and which faces said concave mirror (3.3) by the means of an opening which is positioned just between the two mirrors (3.2, 3.3).
Said concave mirror (3.3) is positioned such that it (3.3) partly faces vertically upwards towards the lowest Plano convex mirror (1.6), and partly horizontally towards said mast structure (1.1, 3.1), and hence towards said inner convex mirror (3.2). Said convex mirror (3.2) is positioned on the top volume of a hollow cylindrical pipe (3.7) which is comprised inside said lower mast structure (3.1), such that it (3.2) projects partly horizontally towards said concave mirror (3.3), and hence away from said mast structure (1.1, 3.1), and partly vertically downwards towards said pipe (3.7) which is embedded inside said lower mast structure (3.1).
So, said system concentrates the concentrated light rays even further into a square or rectangular cross-sectioned light beam. The concentrated light rays are projected downwards from the lowest Plano convex mirror (1.6) as a linear cross-sectioned light beam towards said concave mirror (3.3). Said concave mirror (3.3) then reflects said concentrated solar rays, and concentrates these from all angles of said concave mirror (3.3) towards a focal point, and so towards said lower mast structure (3.1).
Said rays are hence driven into said opening, and therefore into the lower mast structure (3.1), hence being entirely driven towards said inner convex mirror (3.2). Said inner convex mirror (3.2) finally reflects said concentrated light rays into a vertically downwards projecting square or hexagonal cross-sectioned light beam, such that said light rays are driven down said pipe (3.7). Said pipe is embedded inside said lower mast structure (3.1), but connects directly to a vertical pipe (3.15) which is positioned into the basement. Said lower vertical pipe (3.15) drives said light rays vertically downwards towards a horizontally projecting water pipe (3.13), such that said light rays evaporate the flowing water (3.9) under said light beam in the evaporation area (3.13) due to the high temperatures of said light rays.
The evaporated water is driven by natural circulation upwards and away from said evaporation area (3.13) as steam through a steam collection pipe (3.14). Said steam then drives at least one steam turbine, which then in turn drives generators to generate electricity.
The concentrated light rays are concentrated before or after reaching the focal point of said concave mirror (3.3), by said convex mirror (3.2), depending on design convenience. The outer surface of said convex mirror (3.2) can also be positioned just at the focal point of said concave mirror (3.3) if the design concerned requires extremely high intensity light rays. Very intensely concentrated light rays can be used for applications which require very high temperatures. Said applications can vary from steam generation for power generation, to the separation of the flowing water into hydrogen and oxygen due to the very high temperatures and pressures that would be present in the evaporation area (3.13).
In that case, two separate pipes will connect said evaporation area (3.13), one being to collect oxygen, and the other one to collect hydrogen. The intakes of each of said pipes would comprise nanofabricated membranes in order to collect only oxygen in one pipe, while collecting only hydrogen into the other pipe. This system can be used to supply industry with pure oxygen, while supplying industry with hydrogen. Hydrogen should however be mostly supplied to petrol stations, train stations, harbours, ports and airports as fuel for aerospace, train, road, ship and vessel propulsion applications. This will result in a free of charge fuel supply, with which aircraft, trains, ships, and road vehicles would be able to use a totally emission-free and CO2 free fuel source, which will be supplied from fully free of charge solar energy.
The basement structure comprises a rotational base (3.4) onto which said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1) is stabilised, hence providing stability to said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1) while being part of the rotational orientation system (3.4) of said mast structure (1.1, 3.1). Said rotational system rotates about said axis (3.16), which is exactly on the middle of the crosssection of said mast structure (1.1, 3.1), hence offering maximum stability to said system sustaining mast (1.1, 3.1), while maximising ease of rotation of said mast structure (1.1, 3.1), and hence maximising ease of solar collection by said inner (1.4) and outer (1.13) flat solar ray collection mirrors.
The horizontal member (3.8) which separates the opening of the lower mast structure (3.1) from the top area of said mast structure (1.1, 3.1), projects such that the end of said horizontal member (3.8) does not interfere with the downward projecting concentrated light rays, but is long enough to protect said opening from falling dirt and rain, hence impeding these of entering into said opening, and hence into the vertical pipes which are embedded inside the lower mast structure (3.7) and inside the basement (3.15), as well as under (3.15) said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1), hence maximising the system’s functionality.
Said concave mirror (3.3) is supported by a vertically projecting member (3.5) which attaches to its (3.3) rear central area. Said vertically projecting member (3.5) is in turn supported by a horizontally projecting member (3.6) which attached the entire structure (3.3, 3.5) to the lower mast structure (3.1), as said horizontally projecting member (3.6) connects to said mast structure (1.1, 3.1).
Said water flow pipe (3.12, 3.13, 3.14) comprises an intake pipe (3.12) which drives said collected water (3.9) by gravity to an evaporation area (3.13), where said water (3.9) is evaporated into steam, which is then driven by said pipe (3.14) towards at least one steam turbine, which drives generators to generate electrify with said steam. The water (3.9) is collected from a water basin. Said basin can be a sea, lake, river or any type of aquifer available. The water flows as a thin water (3.9) flow along the evaporation area (3.13) such that the concentrated solar rays can instantly convert said flowing water (3.9) into steam. This means that the cross-section of the pipe (3.12, 3.13, 3.14) at the evaporation area (3.13) is wider than that at the intake pipe (3.12). Said cross-section of the pipe (3.12, 3.13, 3.14) is wider at the evaporation area (3.13) than that at the intake pipe (3.12) when said pipe is viewed from a top or bottom view.
The water (3.9) flow is regulated by a water flow control gate (3.10) which is positioned along the upper wall of the intake pipe (3.12), and near to the water intake. Said water flow control gate (3.10) is positioned inside a hollow housing (3.11). If said water (3.9) flow is high, said gate (3.10) will be widely open, whereas if it is required to be less or zero such as at night fall, said gate (3.10) will be closed, hence impeding any water (3.9) from flowing into the system.
Said water flow control gate (3.10) is controlled by a light intensity sensor, which feeds light intensity data to a computerised controller, which in turn sends commands to an actuator which actuates said water flow control gate (3.10). Saud light intensity sensor should be positioned on an outside place, preferably at the top of said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1).
The vertical pipe (3.7, 3.15) which supplies the vertically driven concentrated light rays towards the water (3.9) flow in the evaporation area (3.13), is positioned precisely on top of said evaporation area (3.13), such that said vertical pipe (3.7, 3.15) projects perpendicularly to said water driving pipe (3.12, 3.13, 3.14) at the evaporation area (3.13).
The power generation system comprised inn this invention can be comprised on any type of offshore structure, such as ships, boats, pontoons, barges, or any other type of floating vessel. The system can work in exactly the same manner as previously explained when being comprised on an offshore vessel. In that case, the water (3.9) will be collected into said system by gravity from the water basin, aquifer, sae, lake or river on which said vessel is floating, and be driven by gravity to the evaporation area (3.13), where it will be converted into steam by the highly concentrated light rays which are driven down said vertical pipe (3.7, 3.15) from said lower mast structure (3.1), hence being driven into the lower mast structure (3.7), followed by being driven into said evaporation area (3.13) by the lower positioned following vertical pipe (3.15).
Said vessels can be either anchored to the bed of the sea, lake, aquifer, basing or river concerned, or can comprise rigid members which attach said vessel to the sea bed. Another option is for said vessels to comprise steel cables, which anchor and keep said vessel rigidly in its required position while floating on the sea, lake, river, basin or aquifer concerned.
So, said system can be comprised on any floating vessel. The power supply to operate the data sensors and controlling computers, electric motors and actuators is taken form the power generated by the generators, which are driven by the steam turbines, which are driven by said steam, which is supplied by the steam supply pipe (3.14), which is part of the water flow driving pipe (3.12, 3.13, 3.14).
The power generation system comprised in this invention can be comprised such that the tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) are comprised one beside the other (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) in a linear pattern. In this case, each mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) comprises water driving pipe (4.50 which projects under each of said mast structures (4.6), and perpendicularly to the ground surface, as well as the light driving pipes (3.7, 3.15) and the mast structure itself (1.1,
3.1, 4.6). Said water driving pipes (4.5) hence drive water (3.9) under each of said mast structures (4.6), hence driving liquid water into said pipes (4.5) towards the evaporation area (3.13), and then driving the generated steam to at least one steam turbine (4.11). Said steam turbine (4.11) in turn drives generators to generate electricity.
The rotational system’s base (4.8) is comprised at the lowest position of the mast structure (4.6), but exactly all around it. Its (4.8) horizontal area supplies stability to the mast structures (4.6), as said mast structures (4.6) are loaded with all the mirrors (4.7) which are required to collect and concentrate said solar rays (1.8).
In the case of a plurality of mast structures (4.6) being positioned one beside the other (4.6) along a linear pattern, said mast structures (4.6) comprise water driving pipes (4.5) which project in parallel to each other (4.5), hence distributing the water flow into the plurality of driving pipes (4.5) comprised in said system, such that said light rays can convert simultaneously said water (3.9) into steam under all of the mast structures (4.6) which make part of said circuit. The water (3.9) is taken by gravity from a sea, river, lake, aquifer or basin into the intake pipe (4.1), and so driven downwards through the intake pipe (4.2) into a water distribution pipe (4.4). Prior of delivering said water (3.9) to said water distribution pipe (4.4), said water (3.9) drives a water turbine (4.3) with the power provided by the water’s (3.9) kinetic energy while falling down said intake pipe (4.1, 4.2) due to gravity. Said generated power by said water turbine (4.3), can add power to the whole power generation output, hence maximising the power generation output and efficiency of said system.
Said water distribution pipe drives water (3.9) from said water supply pipe (4.1, 4.2) into the plurality of parallel projecting water driving pipes (4.5), which drive water under each said mast structures (4.6). After being evaporated, said steam is delivered by each of said parallel pipes (4.5) to a steam collection pipe (4.9). Said steam collection pipe (4.9) drives the steam to a steam driving pipe (4.10), which drives said steam to at least one steam turbine (4.11). After driving said steam turbine(s) (4.11), said steam is driven out of said system by a steam driving pipe (4.12). Said steam driving pipe (4.12) can condense said steam back into water by projecting through either a secondary cooling circuit (4.13), or through a water basin (4.13). Said water basin (4.13) will condense said steam by taking a large amount of heat energy into it from said pipe (4.12) due to the difference in temperature between the water situated in each of the two mentioned mediums (4.12, 4.13). Said water basin (4.13) can be the same as that from which said systems collects the water (3.9), and/or that (3.9) on which said system is floating if said power generation system is comprised on a floating vessel.
Said power generation system can also be used for water desalinisation applications. In that case, water (3.9) is taken from the sea, and driven by gravity to the evaporation area (3.13), where it (3.9) is evaporated. The salt which remains from said evaporated sea water (3.9), will be deposited on the bottom surface of said evaporation area (3.13) due to its higher density in comparison to that of water (3.9). In that case, said evaporation area (3.13) comprises a pipe which connects to the bottom surface of said evaporation area (3.13). Said pipe will collect said deposited salt by gravity and either drive it back to the sea through a salt delivering pipe, or storing it in an appropriate storage area for industry and/or consumer applications.
The power generation system comprised in this invention, comprises flat collection mirrors (1.4) , which are each sustained by a horizontally projecting member (1.3). Said collection mirrors (1.4) are each positioned over a Plano concave mirror (1.7) which is positioned such that it (1.7) projects inwardly and so partly upwards towards said flat collection mirror (1.4), and partly horizontally inwards towards said tower mast structure (1.1), and so towards a Plano convex mirror (1.6), which is sustained to said mast structure (1.1) by another shorter horizontally projecting member (1.2), and which is positioned in front of the upper area of said Plano concave mirror (1.7).
Said horizontal projecting member (1.3) sustains both said Plano concave mirror (1.7), as well as said flat solar ray collection mirror (1.4). Said Plano convex mirror (1.6) is positioned under said shorter horizontally projecting member (1.2), and is sustained by the end part of said horizontal member (1.2). Said Plano convex mirror (1.6) comprises a Plano convex surface which faces partly horizontally towards said Plano concave mirror (1.7), and partly downwards towards a 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5). Said flat 45 degree inclined mirror (1.5) is positioned just under said Plano convex mirror (1.6).
A vertical projecting member (1.9) supports said Plano concave mirror (1.7). On top of said member (1.9), a vertically upward projecting member (1.11) sustains an outer 45 degree inclined mirror (1.10) which faces partly towards said inner 45 degree inclined mirror (1.5), and partly downwards towards the outer upper area of said Plano concave mirror (1.7). Said vertical member (1.11) also sustains said actuators (1.14) of said outer flat collection mirrors (1.13), along with said flat collection mirrors (1.13).
Said inner 45 degree flat mirrors (1.5) partly face upwards towards said Plano convex mirrors (1.6), and partly horizontally outwards towards said outer 45 degree inclined mirror (1.10), which in turn faces partly towards said inner 45 degree inclined mirror (1.5), and partly downwards towards said Plano concave mirror (1.7).
Each of the mentioned components, including Plano concave mirrors (1.7), Plano convex mirrors (1.6), inner flat solar ray collection mirrors (1.4), outer flat solar ray collection mirrors (1.13), horizontally sustaining members (1.2, 1.3), inner 45 degree inclined mirrors (1.5), and outer 45 degree inclined mirrors (1.10), are each comprised as a plurality of components, preferably a large plurality of components, such that each of said components is comprised as a large plurality. Each of said components (1.7, 1.6, 1.4, 1.13, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5,
1.10) is mounted exactly on top of each other in an orderly manner, such that one is exactly on top of the lower same type of component.
Said plurality of components should preferably be in the region of 50 to 100, 200 or 300 systems. Each of said long horizontally projecting member (1.3) comprises one of said shortest horizontally projecting members (1.2) positioned under it (1.3). So, between two long horizontal members (1.3), always one shorter sustaining horizontal member (1.2) is comprised.
This allows said design to comprise a set of a plurality of systems being mounted one on top of each other along a tower mast structure (1.1), such that all of said systems are distributed along said tower mast’s height (1.1). This allows said power generation system to comprise an entire solar ray concentration architecture, which hence concentrates the solar rays (1.8) as required into a highly concentrated light beam.
In that case, the solar rays (1.8) are collected by either the outer collection mirrors (1.13) which reflect said rays on said inner collection mirrors (1.4), or said inner collection mirrors (1.4) directly collecting the solar rays (1.8) if these (1.8) project at angles of 45 degrees or less in comparison to the ground or basement plane’s level. The light rays (1.8) are reflected by said inner collection mirrors (1.4) vertically downwards onto the Plano concave surfaces of said Plano concave mirrors (1.7). Said Plano concave mirrors (1.7) then concentrate said solar rays (1.8) into a concentrated light ray, and so towards said inner Plano convex mirrors (1.6). Said Plano convex mirrors reflect said light rays vertically downwards to said inner 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5), which reflect said rays to said outer 45 degree inclined flat mirrors (1.10), which reflect said concentred light rays vertically downwards to the surface of the lower position Plano concave mirrors (1.7). Said concentrated light rays are reflected back to the lower positioned Plano convex mirrors (1.6), along with the collected light rays (1.8) which were collected by said lower positioned collection mirrors (1.4, 1.13). And so, said process is repeated in a plurality of times, preferably a large plurality of times until said super concentrated light rays reach the bottom of said mast structure (1.1, 3.1).
After that, said light rays are concentrated into said lower mast structure (3.1) by a lower concave mirror (3.3), and then reflected vertically downwards again by a convex mirror (3.2). So, said light rays are vertically driven downwards into a hollow pipe (3.7) which is embedded inside said lower mats structure (3.1). Said light rays follow the same direction of projection into a vertical pipe (3.15) which is positioned under said mast structure (1.1, 3.1), straight into said evaporation area (3.13) of said water flow driving pipe (3.12, 3.13, 3.14). Said water flow (3.9) which passes through said evaporation area (3.13), is instantly evaporated, and so converted into steam. Said steam drives steam turbines (4.11), which in turn drive generators to generate electricity.
Each of said horizontal supporting members (1.2, 1.3) comprises a double member geometry, such that these (1.2, 1.3) project along the two lateral side of said mirrors (1.5, 1.6, 1.4, 1.7). This design is comprised in order for the light rays to be driven between said mirrors (1.5,
1.6, 1.4, 1.7), and downwards towards the bottom structure (3.1) of said tower mast structure (1.1,3.1).
The surfaces of said 45 degree inclined mirrors (1.5, 1.10) are exactly parallel to each other, such that said light rays can be reflected accurately. The surfaces of all mirrors (1.5, 1.6, 1.4,
1.7) are positioned perpendicularly to the side view comprised on Figures 1 and 2.
The power generation system comprised in this invention can also be comprised on space vehicles, including satellites, space stations, and spacecraft. The tower mast structure (1.1) can be attached to one of said space vehicle structures, such that it (1.1) can be oriented such that the collection mirrors (1.4, 1.13) are positioned such that these (1.4, 1.13) will collect and reflect the incoming solar rays (1.8) to the concave mirror structures (1.7). The orientation will be performed such that the surfaces of said collection mirrors (1.4, 1.13) are always positioned constantly perpendicularly to the incoming solar rays (1.8). Said orientation will be performed according to said space structure’s attitude and orientation to said solar rays (1.8). In this way, said power generation system can supply a large amount of power to a space structure, while using a cheaper system than ultra-sensitive photovoltaic cells, and which is not easily damaged by moving cosmic objects, in addition of not losing the accuracy of the solar collection efficiency over the years of usage while said system is in operation.
The power generation system design comprised in this invention can be comprised on vessels such as boats, barrages, pontoons or ships which are positioned offshore on rivers, lakes, seas, canals or water basins as previously mentioned. However, said system can not only generate power for supply to offshore applications, but can also supply power to other offshore vessels, or to the same vessel on which said system is positioned. This means that said power generation system, when being positioned or installed on board any type of vessel, can be used to supply power to the same vessel. Said power can be used for industrial applications, fishing, lighting, and propulsion applications, as well as to power the navigational instruments of said vessels. This means that comprising said power generation system on board a vessel can offer loads of advantages, not only for the offshore vessels or onshore buildings or installation nearby, but also to offer its own naturally fuelled propulsion system, which will be completely fuel less and emission less. Said vessel would therefore comprise its own energy to supply its entire propulsion and electricity utilisation needs.
Said power generation system can use synthetic oils, molten salt, or pressurised steam, which would flowthrough a pipe (3.13, 4.5) under the concentrated light rays (1.12) at the lower part of said tower mast structure (3.1). Said design can be comprised on said power generation system comprised in this invention, whether comprised onshore, or offshore on a vessel, such as a ship, a barge, a boat, or a pontoon. In the case of the power generation system concerned using synthetic oil, molten salt or pressurised steam as a heat collection source from said concentrated light rays (1.12), a storage area for said synthetic oil, molten salt or pressurised steam is comprised, where said fluid can be stored, hence storing the heat transferred from said light rays (1.12) at a very high efficiency. Said storage tank connects to a steam generator, where a pump can drive said synthetic oil, molten salt or compressed steam to a steam generator, where it will generate steam, which will in turn drive a steam turbine, which will in turn drive a generator for the generation of electricity. If said steam turbine is not used, said storage tank can store the heat for a time period of a plurality of hours. With this design, offshore vessels could comprise the required energy to meet its electricity demand during both day and night periods.
Said storage system comprises a storage tank, which connects via a circuit to a pipe (3.13,
4.5) which projects perpendicularly to said tower mast structure’s (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) vertical direction of projection, and projects as a pipe (3.13, 4.5) under said vertically projecting concentrated solar rays (1.12) under said mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6). A pump situated into said pipe drives a fluid such as synthetic oil, molten salt or pressurised steam, through said pipe and under said concentrated light rays (1.12) prior of being driven back to said storage tank via a separate pipe, hence forming a circuit. Said storage tank stores the superheated fluid, and hence stores the heat transferred by said solar light rays (1.12) inside said tank. Another circuit comprises a pump which is used to drive said superheated synthetic oil, molten salt or compressed steam through a steam generator, where said heat is transferred to liquid water, which is instantly converted into steam. Said liquid water flows through a separate tertiary circuit.
Said molten salt, synthetic oil or pressurised steam circuit, drives said fluid back to said storage tank by the means of a pump after being driven through said steam generator. Said cooled fluid is then driven back again under said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6), and hence under said concentrated light rays (1.12) in order to collect heat again. Said fluid flows as a superheated fluid back to said storage tank again. Said process is repeated over and over again during the operation of said system.
Said tertiary circuit drives liquid water by the means of a pump which is positioned along said tertiary circuit’s pipe. Said tertiary circuit’s pipe drives liquid water by the means of a pump which is comprised through said pipe. Said pipe therefore drives said water through said steam generator, where it collects the heat supplied by the superheated synthetic oil, molten salt or compressed steam. Said water is therefore instantly converted to steam when flowing through said steam generator. Said steam is then driven through the follow up section of said pipe to a steam turbine, where said steam converts its heat energy into kinetic energy. Said steam turbine drives a generator, which generates electricity with the kinetic energy of the steam, hence shaping a fully renewable and emissions free system, which relies solely on solar power for the entire generation of electricity.
Said steam generator functions as a heat exchanger, where said synesthetic oil, compressed steam or molten salt, transfers the heat to a flow of liquid water, which is converted into steam when collecting said heat from said other fluid. Both fluids are driven through separate pipes, which make two entirely separate circuits.
The storage tank can be used to supply heat energy to the water pipe during the night, where no solar rays are present, hence offering a continuous time period of supply of steam to the steam turbine, whether it is at night or during daytime. This design will therefore guarantee a constant electricity supply during both day and night, hence meeting the demand of said onshore or offshore vessel, or of said industrial installations, towns, or railways. Said steam turbine will therefore constantly drive said generators to constantly generate electricity during both daytime and night-time periods.
The water (3.9) flowing through said tertiary circuit can be collected from the sea, lake, river, canal, or water basin on which said vessel floats on if said power generation system is comprised offshore on an offshore vessel. Said water (3.9) can be the same as that on which said vessel is comprised, or that on which said vessel floats. If said vessel is comprised floating on salty water, such as sea water, said slat con be collected via a septate pipe situated in the evaporation area (3.13) under said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6), or at the bottom of said steam generator’s vessel. Said salt can then be driven to a storage area, where it can be collected for use in industry, food, or any other convenient applications.
Said water can flow via gravity down said tertiary circuit’s pipe, into which a water flow control gate can also be comprised. A condenser can be comprised to convert said steam back into water again after the heat transferring process and the driving of the steam turbine, a process which occurs prior of driving said water back to said steam generator. When said water transfers the heat from said fluid such as synthetic oil, compressed steam or molten salt and then drives said steam turbine, said steam can be condensed into said condenser, and be driven back to said steam generator, hence fully completing said tertiary circuit’s loop.
Said primary circuit is used to drive synesthetic oil, compressed steam or molten salt, and can be comprised in a circuit comprising a plurality of pipes (4.5) which are each positioned in parallel to each other (4.5), such that each of said pipes (4.5) projects under one tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6), hence collecting the heat from said concentrated solar rays (1.12). Said circuit would comprise a fluid distribution pipe (4.4) and a fluid collection pipe (4.9), such that said fluid is distributed between all tower mast structures (1.1, 3.1, 4.6), but also in which the number of pipes is minimised, hence minimising construction and maintenance costs.
The tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) of said power generation system rotates on a plane which is parallel to the ground level on which the mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) of said power generation system is standing, and about an axis (1.15, 3.16) which is comprised along the centre of the cross-sectional area of said mast beam structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6). This system is electronically actuated by an electric motor, and is controlled by a computer, in which the position of the sun in the horizon is programmed for each minute and each day for a length of at least one year. A solar clock which supplies solar position data at all times, can also be comprised in said computer. The advantage of said design is that only one actuator is required to orientate said solar ray mirrors (1.4, 1.13) opposite to the incoming solar rays (1.8). The rotational system also comprises a circular base (3.4, 4.8) at the bottom are of said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6). Said base (3.4, 4.8) offers stability to said tower mast structure (1.1,
3.1,4.6).
The vertical pipe (3.7) which is embedded in the lower mast structure (3.1), drives the concentrated light rays vertically downwards and towards another connecting pipe (3.15), which in turn drives said concentrated light rays vertically downwards towards the pipe (3.13) where the flow of fluid or water is comprised (3.13). Along the upper surface of said pipe (3.13), and so at the bottom of said vertical pipe (3.15), a fully transparent lens (3.17) is comprised, which is designed to ensure that no steam leaves the fluid driving pipe (3.13) after the water (3.9) is converted into water vapour, and/or flows upwards towards the pipe (3.15) which drives said concentrated light rays. Said lens (3.17) therefore maximises the efficiency of the system’s design, as it ensures that no water vapour would be driven into any undesired ways from the fluid driving pipe (3.13), apart from the steam pipe (3.14), which connects to said fluid driving pipe (3.12, 3.13) and drives said steam towards the steam turbine(s).
Said lens (3.17) hence seals the fluid driving pipe (3.13) from the vertical pipes (3.7, 3.15), and has to be as transparent as possible in order to minimise any energy losses from the concentrated light rays.
The power generation system design comprised in this invention can also comprise some novel design features in order to minimise structural stresses and material usage. At the bottom mast structure (5.1), a set of two parallel projecting horizontally projecting members (5.5) can be comprised, such that said members (5.5) attach to the lower mast structure (5.1). Said members (5.5) are positioned just under the sides of the sets of mirrors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7,
1.10, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4) which are positioned along said tower mast structure (5.1). So, said members (5.5) support two flat mirrors (5.3, 5.4). Said flat mirrors (5.3, 5.4) are used to drive the light rays (5.2) further away from said tower mast structure (5.1) after being concentrated when reaching the bottom of said mast structure (5.1). This design should be comprised in order to allow space for said concave mirror (5.7) to easily and fully concentrate the light rays towards said convex mirror (5.6). Said convex mirror (5.6) then drives said light rays vertically downwards towards the fluid driving pipe (3.13). The surfaces of the mirrors (5.3,
5.4, 5.6, 5.7) guide the light rays towards said directions and paths. The concave mirror (5.7) is comprised under the outer positioned flat mirror (5.4), and is supported by a horizontally projecting member (5.8). Said inner positioned flat mirror (5.3) is positioned closest to the mast structure (5.1) than said outward positioned flat mirror (5.4). Said inward positioned flat mirror (5.3) reflects said concentrated light rays (5.2) towards a horizontal direction, and hence towards said outward positioned flat mirror (5.4). Said outward positioned flat mirror (5.4) then reflects said light rays (5.2) back towards a downward vertical direction of projection, and hence towards said concave mirror (5.7), which is positioned just under said outer positioned flat mirror (5.4).
Said inner positioned flat mirror (5.3) is inclined at 45 degrees, and faces partly vertically upwards towards the lowest positioned Plano convex mirror (1.6), and partly horizontally away from said tower mast structure (5.1) and towards said outer positioned flat mirror (5.4). Said outer positioned flat mirror is 45 degree inclined, and so faces partly horizontally towards said inner positioned flat mirror (5.3), and so towards said tower mast structure (5.1), and partly vertically downwards towards said concave mirror (5.7). So, said inner positioned flat mirror (5.3) reflects said concentrated light rays (5.2) towards a horizontal direction of projection, and so towards said outer positioned flat mirror (5.4) after reaching said inner mirror (5.3) from a downward vertical direction of projection. Then, said outer positioned mirror (5.4) reflects the concentrated light rays (5.2) to a vertically downward direction of projection, and so towards said concave mirror (5.7) after reaching said outer mirror (5.4) from a horizontal direction of projection which drives said light rays (5.2) away from said mast structure (5.1). The design of this system will hence allow all the components along the tower mast structure to be positioned as close to the mast structure (5.1) as possible, thus minimising stresses on said mast structure (5.1), and hence minimising bending of said tower mast structure (5.1). This will result in less material needed for the tower mast structure (5.1), and thus will result in cheaper construction costs.
The two flat mirrors (5.3, 5.4) are sustained form the sides by a horizontally projecting member (5.5) at each side, such that said members (5.5) sustain both of said flat inclined mirrors (5.3, 5.4). Both mirrors (5.3, 5.4) are inclined at 45 degrees to the horizontal ground plane level.
The lens (5.9) is positioned at the bottom of the lower vertical pipe (3.15) in order to seal said fluid driving pipe (3.13), such that the steam produced will all be driven into the steam driving pipe (3.14) towards the steam turbine(s).
The power generation system concerned in this invention can also comprise a concentrated light reflection system which can allow for space to fully concentrate these onto a convex mirror, and which does not use said above mentioned set of alt mirror (5.3, 5.4). Said design can comprise the lowest positioned Plano convex mirror (1.6, 6.2) at the same position as previously described, but comprising a surface which is more horizontally projecting, such that said Plano convex mirror (1.6, 6.2) will project further horizontally, such that the concentrated light rays will be concentrated by the lowest positioned Plano concave mirror (6.3) onto said Plano convex mirror (6.2). Said Plano convex mirror (6.2) then reflects the concentrated light rays (6.5) onto a downward projecting path, which projects partly vertically downwards and partly horizontally away from said mast structure (6.1). So, said concentrated light rays are directed towards said lower positioned concave mirror (6.7) by said Plano convex mirror (1.6, 6.2). This design offers the advantage that the number of components is minimised. The concentrated light rays (6.5) are driven just behind the lowest edge of the lowest positioned Plano concave mirror (6.3), such that said light rays (6.5) are driven between the two horizontally projecting members (6.4) which sustain said Plano concave mirror (6.3).
The concentrated light rays are reflected by said concave mirror (6.7) onto a convex mirror (6.6), which in turn drives said concentred light rays vertically downwards towards the fluid driving pipe (3.13). The concave mirror (6.7) is positioned under said lowest positioned Plano concave mirror (6.3), as well as under said lowest positioned Plano convex mirror (6.2). The concave mirror (6.7) is sustained by a horizontally projecting member (6.8) which attaches to said lower mast structure (6.1), such that said mirror (6.7) is sustained by said mast structure (6.1) . The lens (6.9) seals off the fluid driving pipe (3.13) from the vertical pipe (3.15) which drives the concentrated light rays (6.5) downwards towards said fluid driving pipe (3.13). Said lens (6.9) should be as transparent as possible in order for it to minimise the energy losses of the concentrated light rays when being driven through said lens (6.9). The more a lens (6.9) absorbs energy form light, the greater are the energy losses, as the lower is the energy transferred to the fluid in the fluid driving pipe (3.13) by said concentrated light rays (6.5). The concave mirror (6.7) is positioned under the lowest positioned Plano concave mirror (6.3), while the convex mirror (6.6) is embedded inside said lower mast structure (6.1) , and partly faces said concave mirror (6.7) through an opening comprised on the wall of said lower mast structure (6.1).
The lowest positioned Plano concave mirror (6.3) is positioned further away from the mast structure (6.1) than said lowest positioned Plano convex mirror (6.2), while said concave mirror (6.7) is positioned as far apart or further from said mast structure (6.1) as said lowest positioned Plano concave mirror (6.3). Said concave mirror (6.7) positioned just under said lowest positioned Plano concave mirror (6.3). This design offers maximum space for maximum light (6.5) concentration efficiency, and also offers the lowest number of components to be used for said power generation system’s design and construction, hence minimising construction and manufacturing costs.
Saud horizontally projecting members (6.4) are comprised as one at each side of said Plano concave mirror (6.3), and are positioned just along the sides of said mirror (6.3) in order for the concentrated light rays (6.5) to be driven with all the necessary required space, and without encountering any obstacles on the path of said light rays (6.5).
Saud system design drives the concentred light rays (6.5) along the above mentioned directions and paths thanks to the external profdes, shapes and geometries of the lowest Plano convex mirror (6.2), as well as the outer profiles, shapes and geometries of the concave (6.7) and convex (6.6) mirrors.
The design of the setup and positioning of the components of the power generation system comprised in this invention can vary, and can be rearranged in order to avoid the use of said features comprised on Figures 5 and 6.
In this design, the solar rays (7.2) are collected by the flat collection mirrors (7.6, 7.14). Said flat collection mirrors (7.6, 7.14) comprise one outer flat collection mirror (7.6) which is sustained by a vertically projecting member (7.3), which in turn connects to a horizontally projecting member (7.4) which connects said structures to the tower mast structure (7.1). The other flat collection mirror (7.14) is comprised as an inner flat collection mirror (7.14) which is sustained by a separate horizontally projecting member (7.5), which attaches to said tower mast structure (7.1). Said outer flat collection mirror (7.6) reflects the solar rays (7.2) towards said inner flat collection mirror (7.14), which then reflects these (7.2) vertically downwards, when said solar rays (7.2) project at angles of 45 degrees or higher compared to the ground base level’s plane. In that case, said inner flat collection mirror (7.14) is inclined at 45 degrees constantly. However, when the solar rays project at angles of 45 degrees or lower compared to the ground level’s plane, said inner flat collection mirror (7.14) collects the solar rays (7.2) directly and reflects these (7.2) to a vertical downward direction of projection. In that case, said outer flat collection mirror (7.6) is inclined at the same inclination to that of the projecting solar rays (7.2), such that the surface of said outer flat collection mirror (7.6) is constantly facing at 90 degrees perpendicularly to the direction of projection of the solar rays (7.2) . The design is configured in this way in order for said outer flat collection mirror (7.6) to never obstruct the path of the incoming solar rays (7.2). This will hence maximise solar ray (7.2) collection, and hence will maximise the energy output of the power generation system concerned, therefore maximising its functional efficiency.
At the first level, said solar rays (7.2) are diverted vertically downwards until reaching the surface of a Plano concave mirror (7.11), which reflects these (7.2) and concentrates said rays (7.2) towards a Plano convex mirror (7.10), which is positioned further away from said tower mast structure than said Plano concave mirror (7.11). So, the solar rays (7.2) are reflected towards an outward direction of projection, and hence outwards of said tower mast structure (7.1). After reaching said Plano convex mirror (7.10), said mirror reflects said rays (7.2) to a vertical downward direction of projection. The solar rays (7.2) are hence driven downwards but further away from said tower mast structure (7.1) compared with the previously described designs. This design allows the system to avoid the use of the systems comprised on Figures 5 and 6.
The outer flat collection mirror (7.6) is always comprised being sustained on top of said vertically projecting member (7.3), and by said vertically projecting member (7.3), such that said outer flat collection mirror (7.6) is sustained by the uppermost end of said vertically projecting member (7.3). However, the inner flat collection mirror (7.14) is always sustained hanging from the outer end of said horizontally projecting member (7.5) which is (7.5) present to sustain said inner flat collection mirror (7.14). Saud member (7.5) in turn attaches to the tower mast structure (7.1).
The Plano convex mirror (7.10) is always positioned under the horizontal member (7.4) which sustains said outer flat collection mirror (7.6). Said horizontally projecting member (7.4) hence also sustains said Plano convex mirror (7.10) at the end of said member (7.4). Said Plano convex mirror (7.10) is sustained under said horizontally projecting member (7.4) by said horizontally projecting member (7.4). However, said Plano concave mirror (7.11) is sustained by both the horizontal member (7.4) which sustains said outer collection mirror (7.6), and said horizontal member (7.5) which sustains said inner flat collection mirror (7.14).
Said Plano concave mirror (7.11) is sustained by both of said horizontally projecting members (7.4, 7.5), such that said horizontally projecting members (7.4) which sustains said outer flat collection mirror (7.6), sustain said Plano concave mirror (7.11) from upwards, such that said Plano concave mirror (7.11) hangs from said horizontally projecting member (7.4) . The Plano concave mirror (7.11) is positioned under said horizontally projecting member (7.4) which sustains said outer flat collection mirror (7.6).
The Plano concave mirror (7.11) is positioned on said horizontally projecting member (7.5) which sustains said inner flat collection mirror (7.14). So, said horizontally projecting member (7.5) sustains said Plano concave mirror (7.11) in its required position. As a result, said Plano concave mirror (7.11) is always positioned between both of said horizontally projecting members (7.4, 7.5), and is hence sustained in its required position by said two horizontally projecting members (7.4, 7.5).
The upper part of said Plano concave mirror (7.11) is sustained by the horizontally projecting member (7.4) which sustains said outer flat collection mirror (7.6). Said uppermost part of said Plano concave mirror (7.11) is hence the part of said mirror (7.11) which is positioned closest to said tower mast structure (7.1). However, the lowest part of said Plano concave mirror (7.11) is positioned just over the upper part of the horizontally projecting member which sustains said inner flat collection mirror (7.14). The inner flat collection mirror concerned (7.14) is the one which collects the solar rays (7.2) for the next system part, which is positioned under the system in question. Said lower part of said Plano concave mirror (7.11) is positioned just over the end of said lower positioned horizontally projecting member (7.5), which in turn sustains said lower positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14). This design allows said lower positioned horizontally projecting member (7.5) to minimise the material used for its (7.5) construction, as well as to maximise the space in front of said horizontal member (7.5). This allows the concentrated light rays (7.13) to be driven downwards without any obstacles present on the path.
The surface of said Plano concave mirror (7.11) therefore faces partly vertically upwards towards the inner flat collection mirror (7.14), and partly horizontally towards said Plano convex mirror (7.10), which is positioned further away from said tower mast structure (7.1) than said Plano concave mirror (7.11). So, the surface of said Plano convex mirror (7.10) faces partly horizontally towards said Plano concave mirror (7.11), and hence towards said tower mast structure (7.1), and partly vertically downwards towards the next light collection system, which is towards which said Plano convex mirror (7.10) reflects said concentrated light rays (7.13).
The focal point of said Plano concave mirror (7.11) is comprised behind the surface of said Plano convex mirror (7.10), or along its surface (7.10). So, the surface of said Plano convex mirror (7.10) is comprised behind the focal point of said Plano concave mirror (7.11), such that the distance between the surface of said Plano concave mirror (7.11) and the surface of said Plano convex mirror (7.10) is lower or equal to the distance between the surface of said Plano concave mirror (7.11) and said Plano concave mirror’s (7.11) focal point. Tis design is required in order for the Plano convex mirror (7.10) to cleanly reflect the concentrated solar rays (7.13) into a vertical downward direction of projection.
Said outer flat collection mirror (7.6) is always positioned beside, and hence in front of, said inner flat collection mirror (7.14). Said inner flat collection mirror (7.14) is not only used as a collection mirror, but also as a solar ray light (7.2) reflection mirror (7.14) when said solar rays (7.2) project at angles of 45 degrees or higher to the ground level’s plane.
Said Plano convex mirror (7.10) hence receives the solar rays (7.13) which were concentrated by said Plano concave mirror (7.11), onto a downward vertically projecting direction. So, said concentrated solar rays (7.13) are driven vertically downwards by said Plano convex mirror (7.10). Said concentrated solar rays (7.13) are hence driven in front of the end of said horizontally projecting member (7.5) which sustains said lower positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14). Hence, said concentrated light trays (7.13) are driven not only in front of said lower positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14), but also in front of said Plano concave mirror (7.11).
So, said Plano convex mirror (7.10) drives said concentrated light rays (7.13) vertically downwards, and hence towards a 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9). Said flat collection mirror (7.9) reflects said concentrated light trays (7.13) outwards a horizontal direction, which projects towards said tower mast stricture (7.1). Said concentrated light rays (7.13) are then reflected back towards a vertical downward direction of projection by another reflection mirror (7.7), which is also 45 degree inclined. Said concentrated light rays are then reflected back towards the lower positioned Plano convex mirror (7.10) by the lower positioned Plano concave mirror (7.11).
Said lower positioned Plano concave mirror (7.11) reflects both the solar rays (7.2) which are collected or reflected by the lower positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14), as well as the concentrated solar rays (7.13) which were concentrated by the upper positioned Plano concave (7.11) and Plano convex (7.10) mirrors. So, the result is a concentrated light ray (7.13) which grows in intensity as said light ray (7.13) is driven down said tower mast structure (7.1) as it passes through all the base systems from top to bottom of said mast structure (7.1).
So, said lower positioned Plano convex mirror (7.10) reflects the concentrated light rays (7.13) and the newly collected solar rays (7.2) by said lower positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14) towards the lower positioned Plano convex mirror (7.10). Said lower positioned Plano convex mirror (7.10) then reflects said concentrated light rays (7.13) in a light intensity grown light ray (7.13) towards the next lower positioned 45 degree inclined reflection mirror (7.9). This process therefore continues in this way, hence constantly merging all already concentrated (7.13) and newly collected (7.2) solar light rays together as said light ray passes through the base systems down said mast structure (7.1), and hence producing an intensity growing light ray (7.13) as said light ray flows down said tower mast structure (7.1) until reaching the bottom of said mast structure (7.1).
Said 45 degree inclined flat mirrors (7.7, 7.9) are both sustained by the horizontally projecting member (7.4) which sustains said outer flat collection mirror (7.6), as well as said Plano convex mirror (7.10). Said horizontally projecting member (7.4) is positioned under said 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (7.7, 7.9) for each case. So, said 45 degree inclined mirrors (7.7, 7.9) are positioned one in front of the other, and are sustained over said horizontally projecting member (7.4), which in turn connects to the tower mast structure (7.1).
Said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9) constantly faces said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7), and vice versa. Said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9) constantly faces said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7), and vice versa. Said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9) is hence positioned further apart from said tower mast structure (7.1) than said inner 45 degree flat reflection mirror (7.7).
Said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9) is flat and 45 degree inclined compared to the ground base’s plane, and faces partly vertically upwards towards said upper positioned Plano convex mirror (7.10), and partly horizontally towards said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7), and hence towards said tower mast structure (7.1). Said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7) faces party vertically downwards towards the upper and inner edge of said lower positioned Plano concave mirror (7.11), and partly horizontally towards said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9), and hence away from said tower mast structure (7.1).
Said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9) is positioned between said upper Plano convex mirror (7.10), which is positioned on top of aid mirror (7.9), and said lower positioned Plano convex mirror (7.10), which is positioned under said mirror (7.9), and hence under said horizontal member (7.4) which supports both mirrors (7.9, 7.10). Said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9) is hence positioned just beside the vertical member (7.3) which sustains the outer flat collection mirror (7.6) of the level concerned. The inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7) is however positioned fully behind the horizontal area where the lowest part of said upward positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14) will reach, even at an inclination of 45 degrees to the ground level’s plane. This is because said system is designed to allow the newly collected solar rays (7.2) collected by said upward positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14), to be driven vertically downwards between said two flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (7.7, 7.9) without encountering any obstacles on the path. So, said light rays (7.2) are hence driven vertically down to the next lower positioned Plano concave mirror (7.11), which then reflects these (7.2), along with the already concentrated light rays (7.13), to the Plano convex mirror (7.10) of the level concerned.
So, said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7) is positioned between the inner and uppermost part of said lower positioned Plano concave mirror (7.11), and the upper positioned horizontal member (7.5) which sustains said upper positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14). Said 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7) is hence positioned behind said upper positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14), and hence nearer to said tower mast structure (7.1) than said inner flat collection mirror (7.14), but is (7.7) positioned at a lower horizontal level than said upper positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14).
Said lower positioned Plano concave mirror (7.11) is positioned under the horizontal member (7.4) which sustains said 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (7.7, 7.9) over it (7.4). Said horizontal member (7.4) attaches to said lower positioned Plano concave mirror (7.11). Said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7) hence comprises its upper edge being positioned behind the vertical path of said newly collected solar rays (7.2) which are being reflected vertically downwards by said upper positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14).
Said Plano concave mirror (7.11) is hence positioned under said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7), as well as under said upper positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14) in order to collect the reflected light rays of both mirrors (7.7, 7.14), but does not need to be positioned exactly under said level’s Plano convex mirror (7.10). The mirror which is nearest to said tower mast structure (7.1) in this case is said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7).
The actuators (7.8) attach to both the supporting members (7.3, 7.5), and the flat collection mirrors (7.6, 7.14) in order to actuate the movement of said flat collection mirrors (7.6, 7.14) according to the sun’s position on the horizon, but without altering the very position of said flat collection mirrors (7.6, 7.14) on said tower mast structure (7.1), and according to said tower mast structure (7.1). Said tower mast structure (7.1) is rotated about its own mid positioned axis (7.12), which is positioned on the middle of said mast’s (7.1) cross-sectional area, such that said mast structure (7.1) is rotated easily and efficiently according to the sun’s positon on the horizon, such that said flat collection mirrors (7.6, 7.14) always face perpendicularly to the direction of the incoming solar rays. The rotational axis is positioned on the middle of said mast (7.1) in order to maximise structural stability. The rotational system is actuated by an electric motorised system.
So, the design of the system described on Figure 7, can be described in a summarised manner. Said design therefore comprises a tower mast structure (7.1), which comprises a finite plurality of system bases, each of which comprises a horizontally projecting member (7.5) which is sustained by said mast structure (7.1) and which sustains the lowest edge of a Plano concave mirror (7.11) at its (7.5) end, such that said Plano concave mirror (7.11) is sustained at its highest edge (7.11) by another horizontal member (7.4) which is positioned over said lower horizontal member (7.5), such that the edge which is closest to said mast structure (7.1) is sustained by the upper horizontal member (7.4), and the edge which is the furthest away from said mast structure (7.1) is sustained by said lower horizontal member, such that said upper horizontal member (7.4) is also sustained by said mast structure (7.1) and sustains a Plano convex mirror (7.10), which faces partly towards said Plano concave mirror (7.11) and partly vertically downwards towards an outer 45 degree inclined flat mirror (7.9) which is positioned on said upper horizontal member (7.4) of the lower system base, such that the light rays (7.13) are reflected vertically downwards by said Plano convex mirror (7.10) and pass in front of said lower horizontal member (7.5) which also sustains said inner flat collection mirror (7.14) at its (7.5) end, such that said light rays (7.13) are reflected towards said mast structure (7.1) by said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9), prior of being reflected again vertically downwards by an inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7) positioned on said lower system base’s upper horizontal member (7.4), such that said light rays (7.13) are then reflected, along with the newly collected solar rays (7.2) which were reflected vertically downwards by said inner flat collection mirror (7.14), towards the Plano convex mirror (7.10) of said lower system base, by said lower system base’s Plano concave mirror (7.11), such that said upper horizontal member’s (7.5) end supports the outer flat collection mirror (7.6) and its actuator (7.8) by the means of a vertical member (7.3), and said Plano concave mirror (7.11) faces vertically upwards towards said upper system base’s inner flat collection mirror (7.14) and horizontally away from said mast structure (7.1) towards said Plano convex mirror (7.10), which then reflects said concentrated light rays (7.13) to the outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9) of the still lower system base, hence repeating the solar ray (7.2) concentration process again and again until said light rays (7.13) reach the bottom of said mast structure (7.1).
The design can also comprise the inner 45 inclined flat reflection mirrors (8.7) being positioned under the actuator’s level of the upper positioned inner flat collection mirror (8.14) . In this case, said newly collected and reflected solar rays (8.2), which are reflected vertically downwards by said inner flat collection mirrors (8.14), are being driven behind said inner 45 degrees inclined flat reflection mirrors (8.7), instead of being driven in front of it (7.7) as comprised on Figure 7. In order for said design modification to be functional, the actuators and hanging positions of said inner flat collection mirrors (8.14) is being positioned closer to said tower mast structure (8.1) than the end of the horizontal members (8.5) which sustains said inner flat collection mirrors (8.14) from above. Said inner flat collection mirror (8.14) is therefore positioned closer inwards, and hence closer to said tower mast structure (8.1) in comparison with the design comprised on Figure 7. Said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (8.7) is still closer to said tower mast structure (8.1) than said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (8.9), although the two mirrors being positioned on the same horizontal member (8.4), and hence facing each other (8.7, 8.9).
The positions of the vertical member (8.3) which sustains said outer flat collection mirror (8.6), the actuators of said outer flat collection mirrors (8.8), the Plano concave (8.11) and Plano convex (8.10) mirrors, and the axis (8.12) of self-rotation and orientation of the tower mast structure (8.1), are the same as on the design comprised on Figure 7. The resulting high intensity concentrated light rays (8.13) are hence driven downwards in a similar manner as on the design comprised on Figure 7. The advantage of said design comprised on Figure 8 however, is that the solar rays (8.2) which are newly collected and reflected by said inner flat collection mirrors (8.14), will be reflected behind the high intensity solar ray which is driven between the two 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (8.7, 8.9), hence meaning that some solar light reflection advantages can be won with this deign in comparison to that comprised on Figure 7.
The position of said upper (8.4) and lower (8.5) horizontal members is similar to the design comprised on Figure 7. Only the positions of said inner flat collection mirrors (8.14) and said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (8.7), is being altered in comparison with the design comprised on Figure 7.
Said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (8.7) are still closer to the tower mast structure (8.1) than said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (8.9). Said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (8.7) should be positioned under said end of said horizontal member (8.5) which sustains said upper positioned inner flat collection mirror (8.14), but not under said inner flat collection mirror (8.14), as this would result in less solar rays being concentrated by said lower positioned Plano concave mirror (8.11), which would hence mean a lower efficiency of light concentration, and hence of lower power generation for the system.
The advantage of the designs comprised on Figures 7 and 8, is that given the distance of the resulting concentrated light rays (7.13, 8.13) from said tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1) in comparison with the design comprised on Figures 1 and 2, said design comprised on Figures 7 and 8 will not need any of the light reflection systems comprised on Figures 5 and 6. This is because the distance between said concentrated light rays (7.13, 8.13) and said tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1) will offer enough space for a concave mirror (3.3) to concentrate said resulting light rays (7.13, 8.13) onto a convex mirror (3.2) positioned inside the lower structure (3.1) of said tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1).
Said light concentration systems comprised on Figures 1, 2, 7, and 8, can comprise different designs in order to make these more efficient, or to concentrate the light rays (7.2, 8.2, 7.13,
8.13) in more than one dimension, hence eliminating the need of any light concentration systems at the bottom of the mast structure (1.1,7.1, 8.1) as comprised on Figures 3, 5 and 6.
On the design comprised on Figures 7 and 8, said tower mast structure (9.1) sustains said upper (9.2) and lower (9.5) horizontal members. Said members (9.2, 9.5) sustain said Plano concave mirrors (9.4) at each system base. Said Plano concave mirror (9.4) reflects the vertically reflected light rays (7.2, 8.2) towards an outer Plano concave mirror (9.3) which is sustained from the end of said upper horizontal member (9.2). Said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3) is positioned below the part of the upper horizontal member (9.2) which is the furthest away from said tower mast structure (9.1). So, in other words said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3) is positioned below the end of the upper horizontal member (9.2).
The surface of said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3) is positioned after the focal point or behind the focal point of said inner Plano concave mirror (9.4), such that the surface of said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3) is positioned further away from said tower mast structure (9.1) than said focal point of said inner Plano concave mirror (9.4). This design is configured in said manner, because the solar rays which are reflected by said inner Plano concave mirror (9.4) , are driven towards said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3), but are driven through the focal point of said inner Plano concave mirror (9.4) prior of hitting the surface of said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3). Said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3) then reflects said concentrated solar rays (9.6) by said inner Plano concave mirror (9.4), towards a vertically downward projecting direction. This is due to the profile’s design of the surface of said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3), which reflects said light rays (9.6) vertically downwards, and so drives said light rays (9.6) in front of the ends of the lower horizontal members (9.5) which are positioned under said upper horizontal member (9.2).
If said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3) would be positioned closer to said inner Plano concave mirror (9.4) or the tower mast structure (9.1) than said inner Plano concave mirror’s (9.4) focal point, said light rays (9.6) would be reflected in an array of undesired directions by said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3), leaving only part of the solar rays (9.6) being reflected vertically downwards as required by said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3). So if an outer Plano concave mirror is used (9.3), it (9.3) should be positioned further away from said inner Plano concave mirror (9.4) and said tower mast structure (9.1) than the focal point of said inner Plano concave mirror (9.4), in order for said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3) to reflect the concentrated solar rays (9.6) by said inner Plano concave mirror (9.4) appropriately vertically downwards as required, with the surface of said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3).
Said inner Plano concave mirror (9.4) faces partly vertically upwards towards said upper positioned inner flat collection mirror (7.14, 8.14), and partly horizontally towards said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3), and hence away from said tower mast structure. Said outer Plano concave mirror (9.3) however, faces vertically downwards towards the next system base’s outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9, 8.9), which is the direction towards which it (9.3) reflects the solar rays (9.6), and partly horizontally towards said inner Plano concave mirror (9.4), and hence towards said tower mast structure (9.1).
On the design comprised on Figures 1 and 2, said tower mast structure (9.7) sustains said horizontal member (9.8) which is shorter in length than said lower (9.11) horizontal member, which is also sustained by said tower mast structure (9.7), and is positioned under said shorter member (9.8). Said shorter member (9.8) can hence sustain a Plano concave mirror (9.10) at each system base, which faces partly vertically downwards and partly horizontally towards said outer Plano concave mirror (9.9). So, said inner Plano concave mirror (9.10) faces partly horizontally away from said tower mast structure (9.7), and partly vertically downwards, which is the direction onto which said mirror (9.10) reflects said concentrated light rays (9.12). Said outer Plano concave mirror (9.9) is positioned over said lower horizontal member (9.11) at each system base, and faces partly vertically upwards towards said upper positioned inner flat collection mirror (1.4), and partly horizontally towards said inner Plano concave mirror (9.10), and hence towards said tower mast structure (9.7).
Said outer Plano concave mirror (9.9) is positioned at a lower horizontal level than said inner Plano concave mirror (9.10) at each system base level. Said outer Plano concave mirror (9.9) reflects and concentrates the downwards vertically projecting solar rays (1.8) which were newly collected or reflected by said upper positioned flat collection mirror (1.4), as well as the concentrated light rays (1.12) which were concentrated by the upper positioned system levels. Said inner Plano concave mirror (9.10) is positioned under the end of said shorter upper positioned horizontal member (9.8), which also supports said inner Plano concave mirror (9.10).
So, said outer Plano concave mirror (9.9) reflects and concentrates said light rays (1.8, 1.12) towards said inner Plano concave mirror (9.10). Said inner Plano concave mirror (9.10) then reflects said newly concentrated light rays (9.12) into a vertically downward direction, similar to that featured on Figure 1 and 2. So, said light rays are finally driven beside said tower mast structure (9.7) vertically down towards the next system base level. Said outer Plano concave mirror (9.9) is positioned as far as possible from the tower mast structure (9.7), and hence over the end of said lower positioned horizontal member (9.11). This design is configured in this way to allow for the necessary distance between the two Plano concave mirrors (9.10,
9.11) at each system base level. This is because the focal pint of said outer Plano concave mirror (9.9) should be further away from the tower mast structure (9.7) than the inner Plano concave mirror (9.10) itself, such that the surface of said inner Plano concave mirror (9.10) is positioned behind the focal point of said outer Plano concave mirror (9.9), and hence closer to the tower mast structure (9.7) than said focal point of said outer Plano concave mirror (9.9) .
The design is configured as mentioned above, because in order to use a Plano concave mirror (9.10) as a concentrated light reflection mirror, said surface of said inner Plano concave mirror (9.10) should reflect light rays (9.12) which have passed the focal point of concentration in order to reflect the light rays (9.12) in a coherent manner. So, said light rays (9.12) are concentrated by said outer Plano concave mirror (9.9), and are reflected by said inner Plano concave mirror (9.10) after these (9.12) pass through the focal point of said outer Plano concave mirror (9.9). In this way, said light rays (9.12) are reflected by said inner Plano concave mirror (9.10) coherently, and will hence be driven vertically downwards in a clean and coherent manner.
Said designs comprised on Figures 7 and 8, can comprise concave mirrors (9.15, 9.16) being positioned in the same positions and orientations as said Plano concave (7.11, 8.11) and
Plano convex (7.10, 8.10) mirrors. So, the inner concave mirror (9.16) is positioned closer to the tower mast structure (9.13) than the outer concave mirror (9.15), while said inner concave mirror (9.16) is positioned at a lower horizontal level than said outer concave mirror (9.15) for each system base level. Said outer concave mirror (9.15) is situated under the end of said upper positioned horizontal member (9.14), and is (9.15) supported by said horizontal member (9.14), which is positioned over it (9.15). Said inner concave mirror (9.16) is positioned between the upper (9.14) and the lower (9.17) horizontal members. Said lower horizontal member (9.17) sustains said inner concave mirror (9.16) on top of it (9.17), while said upper horizontal member (9.14) sustains said upper and inner edges of said inner concave mirror (9.16). Said lower and outer edge is supported by said lower horizontal member (9.17). The upper edge of said inner concave mirror (9.16) is positioned closer to said tower mast structure (9.13) than said lower edge of said inner concave mirror (9.16).
Said outer concave mirror (9.15) is positioned further away from said tower mast structure (9.13) than said inner concave mirror (9.16). Both of said upper (9.14) and lower (9.17) horizontal members are sustained by said tower mast structure (9.13). Said inner concave mirror (9.16) reflects and concentrates the vertically downwards projecting light rays, towards said outer concave mirror (9.15). Said outer concave mirror (9.15) then reflects said light rays (9.18) onto a vertically downward projecting coherent light ray, only after said light rays cross the focal point of said inner concave mirror (9.16). Said light rays are reflected by said outer concave mirror (9.15), which comprises a surface which is positioned further away from said inner concave mirror (9.16) and said tower mast structure (9.13) than the focal point of said inner concave mirror (9.16). So, said light rays are reflected vertically down in a clean and coherent manner by said outer concave mirror (9.15).
The advantage of this design is that the inner concave mirror (9.16) will concentrate the light rays (9.18) towards a focal point across all dimensions, which are then reflected back vertically downwards in a coherent manner by said outer concave mirror (9.15), hence eliminating the need of the light concentration systems comprised on Figures 3, 5 and 6.
The designs comprised on Figures 1 and 2 can comprises concave mirrors (9.21, 9.22) comprised on the same positions and orientations as said Plano concave (1.7, 2.4) and Plano convex (1.6) mirrors, hence comprising an inner concave mirror (9.21) and an outer concave mirror (9.22). Said inner concave mirror (9.21) is comprised closer to said tower mast structure (9.19) than said outer concave mirror (9.22). So, said outer concave mirror (9.22) faces partly vertically upwards towards said upper positioned flat collection mirror (1.4), and partly horizontally towards said inner concave mirror (9.21), and hence towards said tower mast structure (9.19). Said inner concave mirror (9.21) faces partly horizontally towards said outer concave mirror (9.22), and hence away from said tower mast structure (9.19), and partly vertically downwards towards said lower positioned inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (1.5).
The upper shorter horizontal member (9.20) sustains said inner concave mirror (9.21) under its (9.20) end area, and also sustains it (9.21) as close to said tower mast structure (9.19) as possible. Said inner concave mirror (9.21) is positioned under said shorter horizontal member (9.20). However, said lower horizontal member (9.24) sustains said outer concave mirror (9.22) in top of it (9.24), and said outer concave mirror (9.22) is positioned as far away from said tower mast structure (9.19) as possible, such that said outer concave mirror (9.22) is positioned on the end area of said lower horizontal member (9.24). Said characteristics are present at each system level base.
Said two concave mirrors (9.21, 9.22) face each other (9.21, 9.22) at each system level base, as the vertically projecting light rays are reflected and concentrated towards said inner concave mirror (9.21) by said outer concave mirror (9.22), but said light rays (9.23) should hit the surface of said inner concave mirror (9.21) after passing through the focal point of said outer concave mirror (9.22). This is because said inner concave mirror (9.21) then reflects said light rays (9.23) in a vertically downward and coherent manner. If the light rays (9.23) would reach the surface of said inner concave mirror (9.21) prior of passing through the focal point of said outer concave mirror (9.22), said light rays (9.23) would be reflected in an array of undesired directions. So, the surface of said inner concave mirror (9.21) is positioned behind the focal point of said outer concave mirror (9.22), and so closer to the tower mast structure (9.19) than said focal point of said outer concave mirror (9.22).
For the designs comprised on Figures 1, 2, 7 and 8, a vertically projecting rigid member (10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1)canbe comprised behind the tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5, 12.5,
13.5) and behind all the mirrors present, such that said member (10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1)has got the same width as the width of the mirrors comprised on said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5), and being sustained by said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5). Said member (10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1) is attached to the tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5, 12.5,
13.5) by the means ofhorizontal members (10.2, 11.2, 12.2, 13.2), and acts as a shield to the concentrated solar rays for the outer environment around the system, for the case that any solar rays are reflected by accident or by technical error towards an undesired direction around the surrounding of the tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5). Said member (10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1) also acts as a counterweight member (10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1) to the weight of the mirrors and systems attached to the other side of said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5). So, no counterweight systems will be needed on the tower mast structure’s (10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5) construction. Said vertically projection member (10.1,
11.1, 12.1, 13.1) can be made of a strong rigid, but also heavy material, such as steel or stainless steel. Said counterweight member (10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1) is therefore present to protect the surrounding environment of the system, to undesired light rays which are reflected around said mast structure (10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5) in case of an accident or in the case of a technical error. Said system can hence be applied to the designs of Figures 1, 2, 7 and 8.
For the design comprised on Figure 1, the Plano convex mirror (1.6) can be replaced by a convex mirror (10.5) which is situated at the same position and orientation as said Plano convex mirror (1.6) for each system base level. The Plano concave mirror (1.7) can be replaced by a concave mirror (10.3) which is situated at the same position and orientation as said Plano concave mirror (1.7) at each system base level. So, the light rays (10.6) will be reflected and concentrated by said concave mirror (10.3), and are (10.6) driven to project in all dimensions towards a focal point by said concave mirror (10.3). Said convex mirror (10.5) will then reflect said light rays (10.6) in a vertical and coherent downward direction of projection towards the next lower positioned system base level. The surface of said convex mirror (10.5) is positioned closer to said concave mirror (10.3) than said focal point of said concave mirror (10.3), such that said convex mirror (10.5) is positioned further away from said tower mast structure (10.4) than the focal point of said concave mirror (10.3). The advantage of this system design is that no lower positioned light concentration systems such as those comprised on Figures 3, 5 and 6, will be required, as the light rays (10.6) are concentrated towards a concentrated light ray at each system base level by said concave mirrors (10.3), by the means of said concave (10.3) and convex (10.5) mirrors being positioned in front of each other (10.3, 10.5) at each system base level. The use of concave (10.3) and convex (10.5) mirrors instead of Plano concave (1.7) and Plano convex (1.6) mirrors is an easy modification, and eliminates the need of said bottom positioned light concentration systems comprised on Figures 3, 5 and 6.
The concave mirrors (10.3) are positioned facing to the convex mirrors (10.5) at each system base level, and these (10.3) face partly vertically upwards and partly horizontally towards said convex mirrors (10.5), and hence towards said tower mast structure (10.4). The convex mirrors (10.5) are positioned facing towards the concave mirrors (10.3) at each system base level, and these (10.5) face partly horizontally towards said concave mirrors (10.3), and hence away from said tower mast structure (10.4), and partly vertically downwards, which is the direction towards which said convex mirrors (10.5) reflect the coherent and concentrated light rays (10.6). Said convex mirrors (10.5) are positioned closer to the tower mast structure (10.4) , and hence closer to said vertically projecting shielding member (10.1), than said concave mirrors (10.3).
For the design comprised on Figure 2, the Plano convex mirror (1.6) can be replaced by a convex mirror (11.3) which is situated at the same position and orientation as said Plano convex mirror (1.6) for each system base level. The Plano concave mirror (2.4) can be replaced by a concave mirror (11.4) which is situated at the same position and orientation as said Plano concave mirror (2.4) at each system base level. So, the light rays (11.6) will be reflected and concentrated by said concave mirror (11.4), and are (11.6) driven to project in all dimensions towards a focal point by said concave mirror (11.4). Said convex mirror (11.3) will then reflect said light rays (11.6) in a vertical and coherent downward direction of projection towards the next lower positioned system base level. The surface of said convex mirror (11.3) is positioned closer to said concave mirror (11.4) than said focal point of said concave mirror (11.4), such that said convex mirror (11.3) is positioned further away from said tower mast structure (11.5) than the focal point of said concave mirror (11.4). The advantage of this system design is that no lower positioned light concentration systems such as those comprised on Figures 3, 5 and 6, will be required, as the light rays (11.6) are concentrated towards a concentrated light ray at each system base level by said concave mirrors (11.4), by the means of said concave (11.4) and convex (11.3) mirrors being positioned in front of each other (11.4, 11.3) at each system base level. The use of concave (11.4) and convex (11.3) mirrors instead of Plano concave (2.4) and Plano convex (1.6) mirrors is an easy modification, and eliminates the need of said bottom positioned light concentration systems comprised on Figures 3, 5 and 6.
The concave mirrors (11.4) are positioned facing to the convex mirrors (11.3) at each system base level, and these (11.4) face partly vertically upwards and partly horizontally towards said convex mirrors (11.3), and hence towards said tower mast structure (11.5). The convex mirrors (11.3) are positioned facing towards the concave mirrors (11.4) at each system base level, and these (11.3) face partly horizontally towards said concave mirrors (11.4), and hence away from said tower mast structure (11.5), and partly vertically downwards, which is the direction towards which said convex mirrors (11.3) reflect the coherent and concentrated light rays (11.6). Said convex mirrors (11.3) are positioned closer to the tower mast structure (11.5), and hence closer to said vertically projecting shielding member (11.1), than said concave mirrors (11.4).
For the design comprised on Figure 7, the Plano convex mirror (7.10) can be replaced by a convex mirror (12.4) which is situated at the same position and orientation as said Plano convex mirror (7.10) for each system base level. The Plano concave mirror (7.11) can be replaced by a concave mirror (12.3) which is situated at the same position and orientation as said Plano concave mirror (7.11) at each system base level. So, the light rays (12.6) will be reflected and concentrated by said concave mirror (12.3), and are (12.6) driven to project in all dimensions towards a focal point by said concave mirror (12.3). Said convex mirror (12.4) will then reflect said light rays (12.6) in a vertical and coherent downward direction of projection towards the next lower positioned system base level. The surface of said convex mirror (12.4) is positioned closer to said concave mirror (12.3) than said focal point of said concave mirror (12.3), such that said convex mirror (12.4) is positioned closer to said tower mast structure (12.5) than the focal point of said concave mirror (12.3). The advantage of this system design is that no lower positioned light concentration systems such as those comprised on Figures 3, 5 and 6, will be required, as the light rays (12.6) are concentrated towards a concentrated light ray at each system base level by said concave mirrors (12.3), by the means of said concave (12.3) and convex (12.4) mirrors being positioned in front of each other (12.3, 12.4) at each system base level. The use of concave (12.3) and convex (12.4) mirrors instead of Plano concave (7.11) and Plano convex (7.10) mirrors is an easy modification, and eliminates the need of said bottom positioned light concentration systems comprised on Figures 3, 5 and 6.
The concave mirrors (12.3) are positioned facing to the convex mirrors (12.4) at each system base level, and these (12.3) face partly vertically upwards and partly horizontally towards said convex mirrors (12.4), and hence away from said tower mast structure (12.5). The convex mirrors (12.4) are positioned facing towards the concave mirrors (12.3) at each system base level, and these (12.4) face partly horizontally towards said concave mirrors (12.3), and hence towards said tower mast structure (12.5), and partly vertically downwards, which is the direction towards which said convex mirrors (12.4) reflect the coherent and concentrated light rays (12.6). Said convex mirrors (12.4) are positioned further away from the tower mast structure (12.5), and hence further from said vertically projecting shielding member (12.1), than said concave mirrors (12.3).
For the design comprised on Figure 8, the Plano convex mirror (8.10) can be replaced by a convex mirror (13.4) which is situated at the same position and orientation as said Plano convex mirror (8.10) for each system base level. The Plano concave mirror (8.11) can be replaced by a concave mirror (13.3) which is situated at the same position and orientation as said Plano concave mirror (8.11) at each system base level. So, the light rays (13.6) will be reflected and concentrated by said concave mirror (13.3), and are (13.6) driven to project in all dimensions towards a focal point by said concave mirror (13.3). Said convex mirror (13.4) will then reflect said light rays (13.6) in a vertical and coherent downward direction of projection towards the next lower positioned system base level. The surface of said convex mirror (13.4) is positioned closer to said concave mirror (13.3) than said focal point of said concave mirror (13.3), such that said convex mirror (13.4) is positioned closer to said tower mast structure (13.5) than the focal point of said concave mirror (13.3). The advantage of this system design is that no lower positioned light concentration systems such as those comprised on Figures 3, 5 and 6, will be required, as the light rays (13.6) are concentrated towards a concentrated light ray at each system base level by said concave mirrors (13.3), by the means of said concave (13.3) and convex (13.4) mirrors being positioned in front of each other (13.3, 13.4) at each system base level. The use of concave (13.3) and convex (13.4) mirrors instead of Plano concave (8.11) and Plano convex (8.10) mirrors is an easy modification, and eliminates the need of said bottom positioned light concentration systems comprised on Figures 3, 5 and 6.
The concave mirrors (13.3) are positioned facing to the convex mirrors (13.4) at each system base level, and these (13.3) face partly vertically upwards and partly horizontally towards said convex mirrors (13.4), and hence away from said tower mast structure (13.5). The convex mirrors (13.4) are positioned facing towards the concave mirrors (13.3) at each system base level, and these (13.4) face partly horizontally towards said concave mirrors (13.3), and hence towards said tower mast structure (13.5), and partly vertically downwards, which is the direction towards which said convex mirrors (13.4) reflect the coherent and concentrated light rays (13.6). Said convex mirrors (13.4) are positioned further away from the tower mast structure (13.5), and hence further from said vertically projecting shielding member (13.1), than said concave mirrors (13.3).
At the bottom part (14.1) of said tower mast structure, an outer flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirror (14.3) can be comprised, positioned in front of an inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.4). So, in this case, said outer reflection mirror (14.3) is sustained by a vertically projecting member (14.5), which is in turn sustained by the end part of a horizontally projecting member (14.6), which is attached to the tower mast structure (14.1). Said outer reflection mirror (14.3) is 45 degrees inclined from the ground base level, and so inclined towards said tower mast structure (14.1), and hence towards said inner reflection mirror (14.4). Said inner reflection mirror is 45 degrees inclined from the ground base level, and so inclined towards said outer reflection mirror (14.3), and hence inclined towards the direction of projection which projects away from said tower mast structure (14.1). Said inner reflection mirror is embedded inside the lower mast structure (14.1), such that an opening is comprised between the two reflection mirrors (14.4, 14.3) in order to drive the light rays from said outer 45 degree inclined light reflection mirror (14.3) to said inner 45 degree inclined light reflection mirror (14.4).
Said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.3) is positioned just under the vertically projecting light rays (14.2), which were reflected vertically, and hence in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (14.1), by said upper positioned mirrors. Said 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (14.4, 14.3) are both flat in order to only reflect the light rays (14.2) while simultaneously maintaining the coherency and high intensity of said reflected light rays (14.2, 14.7). Said vertically projecting light rays (14.2) are hence reflected by said outer reflection mirror (14.3) towards said inner reflection mirror. In this case, said light rays (14.2) are reflected into horizontal direction of projection towards said inner reflection mirror (14.4). Said inner reflection mirror (14.4) then reflects said light rays (14.7) back vertically downwards again, hence driving said concentrated light rays (14.7) in a vertically downward direction of projection in a high intensity and coherent manner. Said light rays (14.7) are driven through the lower positioned vertical pipe (3.15), which drives these (14.7) to the fluid driving pipe (3.13). In said fluid driving pipe, the energy of said light rays (14.7) is transferred to the passing fluid, hence heating it and/or evaporating it. At the bottom of said vertical pipe (3.15), a transparent lens (14.8) is comprised in order to separate the interior of said vertical pipe (3.15) from the fluid driving pipe (3.13). Said transparent lens (14.8) is designed to avoid any fluid from entering into the vertical pipe (3.15) in a liquid or vapour state, as well as impeding any dirt from entering into the fluid driving pipe (3.13). This design can be applied to the light concentration system designs comprised on Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13, as well as the light concentration designs which comprise two concave mirrors (9.15, 9.16, 9.21, 9.22) positioned in front of each other at each system base level. This is because concave mirrors (9.16, 9.22, 10.3, 11.4, 12.3, 13.3) concentrate light rays (10.6, 11.6, 12.6, 13.6) towards a point, whereas Plano concave mirrors (1.7, 2.4, 7.11, 8.11) concentrate light rays (1.12, 7.13, 8.13) into a linear cross-sectioned light ray pattern. So, if concave mirrors (9.16, 9.22, 10.3, 11.4, 12.3, 13.3) concentrate said light rays (10.6, 11.6, 12.6, 13.6) at each system base level, no light concentration system is required at the bottom part of said tower mast structure (14.1), leaving only a light reflection system (14.3, 14.4) required to be comprised at the bottom part of said tower mast structure (14.1).
Said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) can also be housed inside a transparent building which surrounds the entire tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) from top to bottom. This design would impede any side movements of said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) due to high winds, hence guaranteeing the high accuracy of concentration of said solar rays at all times, even at times of strong winds or strong wind gales. The materials of said transparent housing can be transparent glass, transparent tempered glass, transparent Plexiglas, or transparent PVC plastic. Said building can house one mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) inside it, or a plurality of said mast structures (1.1, 3.1, 4.6), preferably if these (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) are positioned one beside the other (1.1, 3.1, 4.6), forming a linear pattern.
A transparent lens can be comprised along the hollow opening which is comprised through the lower mast structure area (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1), and hence be positioned between said inner tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1) imbedded flat (14.4) or concave (3.2, 5.6, 6.6) mirrors, and said outer positioned concave (3.3, 5.7, 6.7) or flat (14.3) mirrors. This will hence separate the inner volume of said tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1) embedded vertically projecting pipe (3.7) from the outer surrounding environment of said tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1), hence avoiding any dirt or undesired materials from entering into said vertical tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1) embedded pipe (3.7). This will therefore minimise maintenance costs, and maximise system safety, reliability and power generation efficiency through a maximised energy transmission efficiency by the means of said concentrated light rays (14.7).
The solar ray concentrators comprised on Figures 1-43 can comprise various features, characteristics and design configurations. These can vary very widely.
Said solar ray concentrators (Figures 1-43) can comprise a solar ray light intensity senor (23.1) , to be comprised at the top of the tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1,9.7, 9.13,9.19, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1,23.13). Said position of said light intensity sensor (23.1) can generate an accurate supply of light intensity data to the control computer which controls the water flow control gate (3.10, 23.15, 24.7, 26.3, 28.12). A lighting system (23.1) for the tower mast position awareness for aircraft, can also be comprised at the top of said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1,4.6, 5.1, 6.1,7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.7, 9.13, 9.19, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1, 23.13).
A de-icing system can be comprised under each of the mirrors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.10, 1.13,
2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 5.7, 6.2, 6.3, 6.6, 6.7, 7.6, 7.7, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.14, 8.6, 8.7, 8.9,
8.10, 8.11, 8.14, 9.3, 9.4, 9.9, 9.10, 9.15, 9.16, 9.21, 9.22, 10.3, 10.5, 11.3, 11.4, 12.3, 12.4,
13.3, 13.4, 23.2, 23.3, 24.1, 24.2), which heats said mirrors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.10, 1.13, 2.2,
2.3, 2.4, 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 5.7, 6.2, 6.3, 6.6, 6.7, 7.6, 7.7, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.14, 8.6, 8.7, 8.9, 8.10,
8.11, 8.14, 9.3, 9.4, 9.9, 9.10, 9.15, 9.16, 9.21, 9.22, 10.3, 10.5, 11.3, 11.4, 12.3, 12.4, 13.3,
13.4, 23.2, 23.3, 24.1, 24.2) in order to avoid any icing on said mirrors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7,
1.10, 1.13, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 5.7, 6.2, 6.3, 6.6, 6.7, 7.6, 7.7, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.14, 8.6,
8.7, 8.9, 8.10, 8.11, 8.14, 9.3, 9.4, 9.9, 9.10, 9.15, 9.16, 9.21, 9.22, 10.3, 10.5, 11.3, 11.4,
12.3, 12.4, 13.3, 13.4, 23.2, 23.3, 24.1, 24.2) during icing weather conditions. Said de-icing system would avoid any of said mirrors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.10, 1.13,2.2,2.3,2.4,5.3,5.4, 5.6, 5.7, 6.2, 6.3, 6.6, 6.7, 7.6, 7.7, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.14, 8.6, 8.7, 8.9, 8.10, 8.11, 8.14, 9.3,
9.4, 9.9, 9.10, 9.15, 9.16, 9.21, 9.22, 10.3, 10.5, 11.3, 11.4, 12.3, 12.4, 13.3, 13.4, 23.2, 23.3,
24.1, 24.2) of being covered with frost, and hence avoiding any undesired light ray reflections. Said de-icing system should preferably be electrically operated and actuated.
A temperature sensor can also be comprised at the inlet of said water intake pipe (3.12, 4.1, 15.38, 21.1, 26.14, 28.11), such that said sensor measurers the inlet water’s (3.9, 25.1, 26.1,
27.1, 28.1) temperature to compare it with the temperature of the heat exchanger or steam generator (3.18, 5.10, 6.10, 14.9, 15.39, 21.4, 26.13, 28.10) which is heated by the solar rays, such that said data of both temperatures can be supplied to the control computer, which can accurately calculate the rate of water (3.9, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1) flow required for the conditions concerned in order for said water (3.9, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1) to be converted into steam to drive the steam turbine(s) (4.11, 15.22, 26.12, 28.8). Said water flow control gate (3.10, 23.15, 24.7, 26.3, 28.12) hence controls the water (3.9, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1) fluid flow rate into the water driving pipe (3.12, 4.1, 15.38, 21.1, 26.14, 28.11). Atemperature sensor at the heat exchanger or steam generator (3.18, 5.10, 6.10, 14.9, 15.39, 21.4, 26.13, 28.10) should also be comprised. Said heat exchanger or steam generator (3.18, 5.10, 6.10,
14.9, 15.39, 21.4, 25.12, 26.13, 27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 31.15, 32.17, 33.16) should be made of a ceramic material or alloy, and comprise cavities in order for the water (3.9, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1,
28.1) to pass through said heat exchanger or steam generator (3.18, 5.10, 6.10, 14.9, 15.39,
21.4, 25.12, 26.13, 27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 31.15, 32.17, 33.16), and hence to collect the heat supplied by the solar rays. The fluid concerned can be water, or pressurised water, molten salt, synthetic oil or pressurised steam in the case of closed pressurised fluid circuits, or closed pressurised primary fluid circuits. Said control computer uses programmed equations to calculate the required water (3.9, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1) flow rate into the intake pipe (3.12, 4.1, 15.38, 21.1, 26.14, 28.11), hence controlling the water flow control gate (3.10,
23.15, 24.7, 26.3, 28.12).
Said solar ray concentrators should comprise a heat exchanger or steam generator (3.18, 5.10,
6.10, 14.9, 15.39, 21.4, 25.12, 26.13, 27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 31.15, 32.17, 33.16) which is comprised just under the concentrated light ray vertical supply pipe (3.15, 14.7, 15.42, 21.2,
21.8, 25.4, 26.6, 27.6, 28.5, 29.5, 31.8, 32.10, 33.6), and which is positioned inside the water supply pipe (3.12, 4.1, 15.38, 21.1, 26.14, 28.11). Said heat exchangers or steam generators (3.18, 5.10, 6.10, 14.9, 15.39, 21.4, 25.12, 26.13, 27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 31.15, 32.17, 33.16) are made of a ceramic material or alloy, which is a very suitable material to transfer heat, thanks to its high melting points and high heat conductive properties. Said heat exchangers or steam generators (3.18, 5.10, 6.10, 14.9, 15.39, 21.4, 25.12, 26.13, 27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 31.15,
32.17, 33.16) comprise cavities in order to maximise heat transfer to the water (3.9, 25.1,
26.1, 27.1, 28.1) which is driven through said cavities, and hence maximise the efficiency of the conversion to steam of the flowing water (3.9, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1). Said design will maximise steam temperatures, and hence maximise power generation efficiencies when said steam drives the steam turbine(s) (4.11, 15.22, 26.12, 28.8). Said heat exchangers or steam generators (3.18, 5.10, 6.10, 14.9, 15.39, 21.4, 25.12, 26.13, 27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 31.15,
32.17, 33.16) can also be made of steel, copper or aluminium alloy in order to maximise the heat transfer efficiencies of the solar rays to the flowing water (3.9, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1). Steel, copper or aluminium alloy are good heat conductors, and comprise high melting points as well, making said materials ideally suitable for heat transfer applications.
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (3.18, 5.10, 6.10, 14.9, 15.39, 21.4, 25.12, 26.13,
27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 31.15, 32.17, 33.16) is comprised in the water driving conduit (3.12, 4.1, 15.38, 21.1, 26.14, 28.11), and hence isolates the flow of water (3.9, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1) from the vertical light driving pipe (3.15, 14.7, 15.42, 21.2, 21.8, 25.4, 26.6, 27.6, 28.5, 29.5,
31.8, 32.10, 33.6).
Said solar ray concentration systems (1.1, 3.1, 4.6, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.7, 9.13, 9.19, 10.4,
11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1, 23.13) can also comprise a salt evacuation pipe(s) (3.19,5.11,6.11,
14.10, 15.41, 21.11) along the bottom of said vertical concentrated solar ray supply pipe (3.15, 14.7, 15.42, 21.2, 21.8, 25.4, 26.6, 27.6, 28.5, 29.5, 31.8, 32.10, 33.6) in order for said system to evacuate automatically by gravity any salt or undesired solid materials being comprised in the flowing water (3.9, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1). Said system can hence be used for desalination applications by converting the flowing water (3.9, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1) into steam. Said salt evacuation pipe (3.19,5.11,6.11, 14.10, 15.41, 21.11) can be opened or actuated by a valve (3.20, 5.12, 6.12, 14.11, 15.40, 21.12), which can be opened by the pressure present in the water driving pipe (3.12, 4.1, 15.38, 21.1, 26.14, 28.11). Alternatively, said valve (3.20, 5.12, 6.12, 14.11, 15.40, 21.12) can be electrically operated or actuated.
Said concave (3.3, 5.7, 6.7, 9.15, 9.16, 9.21, 9.22, 10.3, 11.4, 12.3, 13.3) or Plano-concave (1.7, 2.4, 6.3, 7.11, 8.11, 9.3, 9.4, 9.9, 9.10) mirrors can be 45 degree inclined compared to the ground plane level, and should be facing and be focused towards said convex (3.2, 5.6, 6.6, 10.5, 11.3, 12.4, 13.4) or Plano-convex (1.6, 6.2, 7.10, 8.10) mirrors, or towards smaller concave (9.15, 9.21) or Plano-concave (9.3, 9.10) mirrors, which in this case should in turn be inclined at 45 degrees to the ground plane level, and be facing and be focused towards said concave (3.3, 5.7, 6.7, 9.15, 9.16, 9.21, 9.22, 10.3, 11.4, 12.3, 13.3) or Plano-concave (1.7,
2.4, 6.3, 7.11, 8.11, 9.3, 9.4, 9.9, 9.10) mirrors. Said design will guarantee maximum efficient solar ray reflections from all angles of the concave (3.3, 5.7, 6.7, 9.15, 9.16, 9.21, 9.22, 10.3,
11.4, 12.3, 13.3) or Plano-concave (1.7, 2.4, 6.3, 7.11, 8.11, 9.3, 9.4, 9.9, 9.10) mirrors towards the smaller convex (3.2, 5.6, 6.6, 10.5, 11.3, 12.4, 13.4) or Plano-convex (1.6, 6.2,
7.10, 8.10) mirrors, or towards smaller concave (9.15, 9.21) or Plano-concave (9.3, 9.10) mirrors.
Said solar light ray concentration systems (1.1, 3.1, 4.6, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.7, 9.13, 9.19,
10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1, 23.13) can be comprised on the roofs of buildings, and hence supply said buildings with heat and electricity simultaneously. This can be achieved by comprising said solar ray concentrators (1.1, 3.1, 4.6, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.7, 9.13, 9.19,
10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1, 23.13) on the roofs of said buildings, and placing the vertical light ray driving pipe (15.14) into the closed inner walls (15.13) of the buildings. So, said light rays can be simultaneously partially reflected towards the sides of said vertical conduit (15.14), in horizontal directions by a set of 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (15.32, 15.36) which can be positioned at each side of said conduit (15.14). Said 45 degree inclined mirrors (15.32, 15.36) are each attached to horizontally sliding switches (15.15, 15.35), which are each (15.15, 15.35) positioned inside a manual horizontal sliding switch box (15.16, 15.34).
The remaining concentrated light rays are driven further vertically downwards towards an embedded pipe (15.42) towards a ceramic or metallic heat exchanger or steam generator (15.39), which transfers the solar rays’ heat to the flowing water which flows in the water driving pipe (15.38). A water flow control gate (15.37) controls the water flow rate inside said water driving pipe (15.38). The converted steam which leaves said heat exchanger or steam generator (15.39) which is positioned under the vertical light driving pipe (15.42), is driven to a steam turbine (15.22) via a steam driving pipe (15.25). Said steam turbine (15.22) drives a generator (15.24), which generates electricity. The remaining steam is driven away from the system through a steam exit pipe (15.23). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (15.39) is made of a ceramic or metallic material, which is suitable for its use as a heat transfer device thanks to the high melting points of said materials. A set of water transfer cavities are comprised through said heat exchanger or steam generator (15.39) in order to drive the flowing water through said heat exchanger or steam generator (15.39). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (15.39) can be made of steel, copper or aluminium alloy in order to transfer heat efficiently to the water. A salt evacuation pipe (15.41) is comprised along the bottom floor of said steam driving pipe (15.25), and beside said heat exchanger or steam generator (15.39), in order to evacuate the salt or other undesired solid materials which may be contained inside the flowing water, towards said pipe (15.41), and hence out of said system. A valve (15.40) can open the access to said pipe (15.41) either automatically due to the high pressures, or electrically, whichever best suits the customer’s usage requirements. Said heat exchanger or steam generator (15.39) isolates the water flow inside the water driving pipe (15.38) from the vertical light supply pipe (15.42). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (15.39) can also be made of steel in order to maximise the efficiency of heat transfer of the solar rays to the flowing water inside the water supply pipe (15.38). Steel, copper and aluminium alloy are good heat conductors, and comprise high melting points as well.
One of said lateral light evacuation mirrors (15.31) drives part of the concentrated light rays horizontally towards another 45 degree inclined reflection mirror (15.32), which in turn reflects said light rays back vertically downwards. Said vertically driven light rays are then reflected back horizontally by another 45 degree inclined flat mirror (15.30), and then vertically upwards again by another 45 degree inclined flat mirror (15.29). Said light rays are driven through a concave lens (15.28) which is horizontally positioned and oriented, and which drives vertically projected light into an expanded array of light rays, which are driven in such way after passing through said concave lens (15.28). Said light rays are hence driven upwards, towards the lower surface of a cooking hob (15.19), such that said light rays are driven towards a circular surface on the bottom of said cooking hob (15.19) after passing through said concave lens (15.28). Said light rays previously reach the lower surface of said concave lens (15.28) in a coherent manner. Said cooking hob (15.19) is positioned over said concave lens (15.28).
A cooking pot (15.18) is heated by the light rays, which directly heat the lower surface of the cooking hob (15.19) over which said cooking pot (15.18) is positioned. Said concave lens (15.28) comprises fully concave surfaces on both sides of said lens (15.28), and is attached to a member (15.26), which can be vertically slid upwards or downwards through a rail, such that said member connects to a vertically projecting member (15.20) which attaches to a wheel. Said wheel hence drives a horizontally sliding member (15.21) which can come into contact with the cooking pot’s (15.18) side. This adjustment system design allows the user to adjust the heating light rays to exactly the surface of the cooking hob (15.19) over which the cooking pot (15.18) is standing, hence avoiding any heat losses, and hence maximising the system’s efficiency.
If the user moves the horizontally sliding member (15.21) away from the cooking pot (15.18), said concave lens (15.28) will be moved down, and will hence supply light rays to a wider surface area on the cooking hob (15.19) for a wider cooking pot (15.18). If the user moves the horizontally sliding member (15.21) more towards the centre of the cooking hob (15.19), said concave lens (15.28) will reflect light rays towards a smaller surface area on the cooking hob (15.19), and will hence supply more concentrated heat to a narrower cooking hob surface (15.19), and hence to a narrower cooking pot (15.18) with the same manual sliding switch (15.15) setting. With this design, the user does not depend automatically on electricity for coking, and can avoid any significant heat losses, while offering a very fast heating source to the cooking pot (15.18), but without using any environmentally unfriendly energy sources such as gas or fossil fuels.
Said wheel system is calibrated such that the concave lens (15.28) will drive light rays along all the central surface of the cooking pot (15.18), up to the edge on which the horizontal sliding member (15.21) is set to. In this way, the user can just move the horizontal sliding member (15.21) to the outer edge of the cooking pot (15.18), as long as the cooking pot (15.18) is situated at the centre of said cooking hob (15.19). The cooking hob (15.19) consists of ceramic or metallic conduits, which are separated the one from the other in order to minimise heat losses. Said concave lens (15.28) remains always oriented at the same position, and hence always remains horizontally positioned, and facing vertically upwards and vertically downwards, whatever is the position of said concave lens (15.28) being set by the user.
The other 45 degree inclined reflection mirror (15.36) can drive the light rays horizontally towards another set of mirrors (15.6, 15.9), which are positioned in a 45 degree inclined L shaped (15.6, 15.9) geometry, in order to then drive said light rays vertically upwards towards the heater rods (15.2) of a boiler (15.1), or vertically downwards towards a heating convector (15.10). Both mirrors (15.6, 15.9) which form the 45 degree inclined L shape geometry (15.6, 15.9), attach to a horizontal member (15.7) which can be moved vertically upwards or downwards by a sliding switch (15.8).
Another 45 degree inclined flat mirror (15.33) is comprised on the path of the horizontally reflected light rays by said second 45 degree inclined flat mirror (15.36), and connects to a sliding vertical switch (15.4) which is positioned on a vertical sliding switch (15.5). Said design offers the user to be able to take part of said reflected light rays in order to supply instant high heat to the heat exchanger or steam generator (15.11) of the pipe which drives water to a shower installation (15.12). So, said design enables the user to obtain very hot water without the need of electric power, and at an instant time frame, without having to wait for the boiler (15.1) to heat up enough water for the user’s requirements. Said installation is very suitable for cold climate conditions.
Said mentioned design allows the user to use the concentrated light rays which are supplied by the vertical light ray driving conduit (15.14) for any household applications, according to the user’s needs. The user can slide the sliding switch (15.15) in order for the reflection mirror (15.31) to move towards the light driving conduit (15.14) if the heat power should be increased for the cooker, or vice-versa if less heat is actually needed. An electric fume evacuation extractor (15.17) can also be comprised over the cooking hob (15.19). The user can also select the light ray intensity, and hence the heating power supplied to the heater (15.10), the boiler (15.1), and the shower pipe (15.11) according to the user’s specific needs.
If the user wants to use maximum power for the shower 915.12), the vertical sliding switch (15.4) for the shower (15.12) can be set to the lowest level, meaning that all light rays which are reflected by the collection mirror (15.36) on the light driving conduit (15.14), can be supplied to heat the shower’s (15.12) water supply pipe (15.11). The sliding switch (15.34) can be adjusted for said reflection mirror (15.36) to reflect the concentrated solar rays to supply heat to the heater (15.10), the boiler (15.1) and the shower’s pipe (15.11). The L shaped mirror geometry (15.6, 15.9) can be sided up or down via the sliding switch (15.7, 15.8) in order to supply heat equally to the boiler heater (15.1, 15.2) and the convector heater (15.1), or more upwards if the heater (15.10) has got a heating priority. If the boiler (15.1) needs a heating priority, said set of mirrors (15.6, 15.9) can be slid downwards via the sliding switch (15.7) in order for said light rays to supply heat said boiler’s (15.1) water heater (15.2) only. If said L shaped mirror (15.6, 15.9) are set to the mid position of said switch (15.7), said light rays will equally supply the same heat supply rate to both the boiler (15.1, 15.2) and the convector heater (15.10). The upper mirror (15.6) is used to reflect solar rays to heat the boiler (15.1), while the lower mirror (15.9) is used to reflect solar rays to supply heat to the heater (15.10).
All of said above mentioned systems can be actuated electrically and automatically by control computers which connect to control sensors and/or thermostats, according to the user’s mode of choice.
If the sliding switch (16.5) which connects to the vertically adjustable reflection mirror (16.7) is moved upwards, no heat will be supplied to the shower pipe (15.11). Said switch is positioned in its vertical switch casing (16.6). In this case, if the other vertically sliding switch (16.3) which connects to the L shaped mirror geometry (16.2, 16.4) is slid downwards, said upper mirror (16.2) will reflect light such that only the boiler’s heater device (16.1) will be supplied with heat. This situation can be present if the boiler (15.1) needs a high and urgent heat supply.
If the horizontal sliding member (16.9) is slid towards a narrower cooking pot (16.8), the member (16.10) which connects to the concave lens (15.28) will hence supply heat to a narrower surface area on the cooking hob (15.19), but at a greater heat source intensity per surface area on said surface (15.9).
If the horizontal sliding switch (17.1) is slid out of said light driving conduit (15.14), said reflection mirror (17.3) will not reflect any of the light rays out of said conduit (15.14). Said horizontal switch casing (17.2) keeps the sliding switch (17.1) in its required orientation at all times. If the other horizontal sliding switch (17.5) is moved towards the light driving conduit (15.14), said mirror (17.4) will reflect light rays towards the cooking hob (15.19). Said switch casing (17.6) keeps said switch (17.5) in its required orientation at all times. This allows the cooking hob (15.19) to be supplied with heat, and if said horizontal sliding member (17.9) is moved towards a wide cooking pot (17.7), said vertical member (17.8) which connects to said concave lens (15.28) will leave said concave lens (15.28) at a greater distance from the bottom surface of the cooking hob (15.19), hence supplying heat to a wider surface area of the cooking hob (15.9), but at a lower heat intensity rate per surface area. This means that the user will have to slide the intake mirror (17.4) further towards the centre of said light driving conduit (15.14) in order to obtain a greater heat supply source.
Said cooking hob (18.1) comprises separate heat conductive surfaces (18.2) which can be made of metallic materials such as steel, copper or aluminium alloy, and which are separated by separator spaces (18.3) in order to avoid any heat losses or heat dissipation. Said conductive members (18.2) are opaque in order to avoid injuring the user with the highly intense light rays supply.
Said solar ray concentrator designs (Figures 1-43) comprised on this application, can be comprised on each mast of a floating vessel or ship (19.6, 19.12). Each of said tower mast structures comprises a vertical light ray guiding conduit (19.6, 19.12) which drives said concentrated light rays to a heat exchanger or steam generator (19.5, 19.16). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (19.5, 19.16) comprises cavities in order for the water to be driven through easily, such that said water can easily collect the heat from said solar rays. Said water enters into the vessel by two separate tubes (19.11, 19.15). Each of said tubes (19.11, 19.15) drives water under one mast structure (19.6, 19.12). Each of said intake pipes (19.11, 19.15) comprises a filtering structure (19.13, 19.14) which avoids any undesired material from entering into said intake pipes (19.11, 19.15). Each of said intake pipes (19.11,
100
19.15) comprises an electrical pump (19.23, 19.24) to drive said water or fluid through said intake pipes (19.11, 19.15).
After flowing through said heat elements (19.5, 19.16), said flowing water is converted into steam, and is driven through pipes (19.4, 19.17), one pipe (19.4) connecting to the rear tower mast structure (19.6), and another pipe (19.17) connecting to the front tower mast structure (19.12). Said pipes (19.4, 19.17) each divide into one conduit (19.7, 19.10) which drives steam to a set of reciprocating expanders (19.19), and another pipe (19.4, 19.18) which drives the reimaging steam to a steam turbine (19.3). Said reciprocating expanders (19.19) drive the vessel’s propellers, while said steam turbine (19.3) drives a generator to generate electricity, or can also be used to drive the vessel’s propulsion, depending on the vessel’s requirements. The exhaust pipes (19.20) of said set of reciprocating expanders (19.19) drive the remaining steam to the rear of the vessel, where a pipe (19.21) carrying the steam turbine’s (19.3) reimaging steam, joins said exhaust pipe (19.20). Said exhaust pipe (19.20) drives the remaining steam to the rear of the ship, where a pump (19.22) ensures the accurate flow of the flowing steam to the outlet (19.1) of said conduit (19.20). Said set of reciprocating expanders (19.19) comprises an intake structure (19.8) to collect the high temperature steam, and a set of reciprocating pistons (19.9) which are driven by the high pressures offered by said steam. The water is collected from the medium on which said ship or vessel floats, and is then eliminated through the vessel’s rear outlet (19.1), into the same medium.
A floating vessel or ship can also use the water to separate it into pure hydrogen and pure oxygen to use it for combustion applications in a reciprocating heat engine (20.10), and will hence need storage tanks (20.24, 20.12) for said application. In this system design, said water is collected from the medium on which said vessel floats, and is driven into filtering structures (20.15, 20.16) in order to avoid any undesired materials of entering into the intake pipes (20.13, 20.17). Two intake pipes (20.13, 20.17) collect water by the means of electric
101 pumps (20.26, 20.27) in order to drive said water through a separated driving pipe (20.13,
20.17) for each tower mast structure (20.6, 20.14). Each of said water driving pipes (20.13,
20.17) drives water through a heat exchanger or steam generator (20.5, 20.18), with each heat exchanger or steam generator (20.5, 20.18) positioned under the light driving conduit (20.6,
20.14) of each tower mast structure (20.6, 20.14). After flowing through each heat exchanger or steam generator (20.5, 20.18), the highly pressurised water separates into pure hydrogen and pure oxygen.
So, behind each heat exchanger or steam generator (20.5, 20.18), a separate pipe (20.21) drives pure hydrogen through a membrane (20.4, 20.19) which allows only the passage of pure hydrogen, hence driving said pure hydrogen to a hydrogen storage tank (20.24). Similarly, a separate pipe for pure oxygen driving (20.2) is comprised behind each heat exchanger or steam generator (20.5, 20.18), which drives said pure oxygen through a membrane (20.3, 20.20) at each pipe (20.2) in order to avoid the passage of any other substance apart from pure oxygen. So, said pipes (20.2, 20.23) drove said pure oxygen to an oxygen storage tank (20.12). Both oxygen (20.12) and hydrogen (20.24) storage tanks allow the system to fill these (20.12, 20.24) with hydrogen and oxygen which is taken from the water on which the vessel floats constantly, even when the ship is at port, or operating on a ride.
A separate hydrogen driving pipe (20.7) drives hydrogen from said hydrogen tank (20.24) to said intake structure (20.8), while another separate pipe (20.11) drives oxygen from said oxygen tank (20.12) to said intake structure (20.8). Said intake structure guides said hydrogen (20.7) and oxygen (20.11) pipes to the pistons (20.9) of the reciprocating heat engine (20.10) concerned. After finalising combustion inside the cylinders (20.9) of said reciprocating engine (20.10), the resulting water is driven through an exhaust pipe (20.22) towards a pump
102 (20.25) which ensures the steady water flow, in order to finally drive said resulting water out of the system through an exhaust outlet (20.1) at the rear of said vessel or ship.
Said solar ray concentration systems (21.2, 21.8) can be configured in order to separate water into oxygen and hydrogen industrially, with said hydrogen sent to a storage tank (21.18) to be used for propulsion applications, or for industrial applications. Said system comprises at least two solar ray concentrators (21.2, 21.8) positioned one beside the other. So, a water driving pipe (21.1) drives water through a heat exchanger or steam generator (21.4) which is comprised into said water driving pipe (21.1), and which is comprised under one solar ray concentrator’s light driving conduit (21.2), hence isolating any solar rays from the flow of water and steam through said heat exchanger or steam generator (21.4).
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (21.4) comprises through all cavities in order to drive the water through the structure (21.4). A salt evacuation pipe (21.11) is comprised behind said heat exchanger or steam generator (21.4) if the water is collected from the sea, such that any salt would be evacuated through said pipe (21.11). A valve (21.12) controls the intake of said pipe (21.11), and can be actuated automatically or electrically. Behind said heat exchanger or steam generator (21.4), a membrane (21.13) allows only the passage of pure oxygen, to drive said pure oxygen through a separate pipe (21.10) to a storage tank or back to the environment. Another pipe (21.14) connects to the area behind said heat exchanger or steam generator (21.4), and comprises another membrane (21.3) in order to allow only the passage of pure hydrogen. Said pipe (21.14) hence drives said pure hydrogen under another solar ray concentration system, and hence under the vertical light ray driving pipe (21.8).
Said solar ray concentration system (21.8) comprises a set of 45 degree inclined mirrors (21.9) which reflect part of the concentrated light rays into separate pipes (21.7), in which other flat mirrors (21.6) reflect said initially reflected light rays back towards pipes (21.5)
103 which project towards a focal point, which is where said pure hydrogen is driven through. Said focal point is comprised through said hydrogen driving pipe (21.14). So, said pure hydrogen is cooled instantly to the liquefied state by the laser cooling process, which is where said focal point is located in said hydrogen driving pipe (21.14), and is where highly intense light rays bombard the hydrogen atoms with photons. Said liquefied hydrogen is then driven through a pipe (21.17) to a storage tank (21.18). Said system design is configured for the laser cooling process to take place in order to liquefy pure hydrogen, using the highly concentrated light rays from said light ray driving conduit (21.8).
Said resulting pure hydrogen in said storage tank (21.18) can be used for propulsion applications, and can hence be comprised beside airports, harbours, ports, railway stations, petrol stations, space launching stations, or hydrogen vehicle fuelling points. Other applications can include all sorts of industrial applications. A follow down pipe drives the light rays beside said reflection mirrors (21.9) vertically down to said focal point in the hydrogen driving pipe (21.14) as well, just under said vertical light driving conduit (21.8). Each of said separate pipes concerned (21.6, 21.7), including said follow down pipe, comprises transparent lenses (21.15, 21.16) at the bottom of said pipes (21.6, 21.7) in order to seal the hydrogen flow entirely, and also to avoid any hydrogen leaks, and any hydrogen combustion accidents. Said lenses (21.15, 21.16) can be made of transparent PVC, or glass, preferably tempered glass.
A pump (21.19), and a valve (21.20) which is actuated by fluid pressure, can be comprised inside said hydrogen driving pipe (21.14), and so between the hydrogen membrane (21.3) and the laser cooling process focal point under said vertical light driving conduit (21.8), such that said valve (21.20) will be only automatically opened if the pressure of the hydrogen under said vertical light ray driving pipe (21.8) and said lenses (21.15, 21.16), is reduced. If said hydrogen is in a liquid sate, the pressure will dramatically drop, hence allowing said valve
104 (21.20) to open, but if said hydrogen remains in a gas state, the pressure will not be altered, hence closing said valve (21.20) until all hydrogen featured under said lenses (21.15, 21.16) is in a liquid state. Said valve (21.20) can hence be automatically and passively actuated by the hydrogen fluid itself, or can also be actuated electronically, depending on the system’s requirements. Said pump (21.19) would allow the desired flow of hydrogen to the focal point area under said lenses (21.5, 21.6) from said membrane (21.3) through said hydrogen driving pipe (21.14).
Space vehicles such as satellites or space modules (22.16) can also comprise concentrated solar ray systems in order to supply these (22.16) with electrical power, as PV cells are extremely expensive if these need to collect a large amount of the solar energy supplied per surface area. Said space module (22.16) can hence comprise a solar ray guiding pipe (22.2) which drives the solar rays from said solar ray concentrator towards a heat exchanger or steam generator (22.13). A pump (22.7) drives the fluid, which can be water, synthetic oil or pressurised steam, towards said heat exchanger or steam generator (22.13), which comprises through all cavities for said fluid to be driven through said heat exchanger or steam generator (22.13) and collect the heat from said solar rays.
Said heated fluid is then driven through a pipe (22.14) to a steam turbine (22.8), which in turn drives a generator (22.9) to generate electricity. Said remaining fluid is then driven through a follow up pipe (22.10) towards a pump (22.11) which drives said fluid flow through a condensing pipe (22.17). Said condensing pipe (22.17) is positioned behind the insulation area (22.18) of said space module in order for the fluid to transfer its excess heat to the surrounding environment of said space module’s outer casing (22.15), but without affecting the temperature inside said space module (22.16). Said fluid for this case should preferably be water.
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An electric motor(s) (22.4) actuates the rotational movement of the base plate (22.5) of the tower mast structure, and the tower mast structure itself, by driving a rotational wheel (22.1) which connects each electric motor (22.4) to the base plate (22.5) by the means of the contact of said wheel (22.1). Another counter rotating wheel (22.3) attaches to said driving wheel (22.1) for each electric motor’s (22.4) system. Said counter rotation wheel (22.3) rotates a heavy wheel (22.6) in the opposite direction as said base plate (22.5) at every rotating action of said electric motors (22.4). So, said heavy wheel (22.6) rotates always in the opposite direction as said base plate (22.5) when an adjustment rotational movement is actuated by said electric motors (22.4). Said wheels contact both heavy wheel (22.6) and said rotational wheel (22.1) at all times, such that said rotational wheel (22.1) can move both of said tower mast structure and base plate (22.5), and said heavy wheel simultaneously at all times.
This design is comprised to ensure that the attitude of the space vehicle (22.15, 22.16) does not change when an adjustment is made, as in space, there are no stress supporting points anywhere for said space module (22.15, 22.16). The density of said heavy wheel (22.6) should be high enough to cancel out any inertial forces when said electric motors (22.4) actuate an adjustment rotational movement in order for said tower mast to be positioned accurately according to the sun’s position. Both tower mast base (22.5) and heavy counter rotating wheel (22.6) rotate about exactly the same axis of rotation. Said heavy wheel (22.6) should preferably be made of steel, due to the very high density of said material.
Said solar light ray concentrators can comprise an architecture which comprises steel wires (23.11, 23.14, 23.16) in order to actuate said collection mirrors (23.2, 23.3). Said architecture hence comprises various system features. Each inner collection mirror (23.2) is controlled by a steel wire (23.11) which is sustained by a plurality of wheels (23.4, 23.5) along the tower mast structure (23.13). Said steel wires (23.11) are sustained by a plurality of wheels (23.4,
23.5), and connects to a handle (23.31) for each of said steel wires (23.11). Each outer
106 collection mirror (23.3) is sustained by a steel wire (23.14) which is sustained by a plurality of wheels (23.4, 23.6, 23.7) along the tower mast structure (23.13). Said steel wires (23.11,
23.14) are sustained by a plurality of wheels (23.4, 23.6, 23.7), and each connect to a handle for each of said steel wires (23.33), and hence for each of said mirrors (23.2, 23.3).
A wheel (23.4) is comprised close to the vertically positioned set of wires (23.8), which are positioned inside said tower mast structure (23.13), and is sustained by sustaining members. Said plurality of wheels (23.4, 23.5, 23.6, 23.7) ensures that said steel wires (23.11, 23.14) are stressed in a constant tensional load, such that said wires (23.11, 23.14) will be submitted to more predictable and durable loads.
Said steel wires (23.11) which sustain said inner collection mirrors (23.2), connect to the lower area of the rotating pivot (23.12) of said mirrors, in order to guarantee that said loads applied on said steel wires (23.11) will always be tensional loads. The weight of said inner collection mirrors (23.2) always keeps said steel wires (23.11) in a tensional load mode. The same happens with the steel wires (23.14) which sustain said outer collection mirrors (23.3). Said steel wires (23.14) sustain said outer collection mirrors (23.3) by attaching to the upper area of the rotating pivot (23.10) of said outer collection mirrors (23.3). This design guarantees that said steel wires (23.14) will always be submitted to tensional load at all times. The tensional loads applied on said steel wires (23.14) are exerted by the weight of said outer collection mirrors (23.3).
At each level, said steel wires (23.11, 23.14) which sustain both inner (23.2) and outer (23.3) collection mirrors are separate, but are sustained by the same wheel (23.4), hence keeping said wires (23.11, 23.14) into a vertical set of wires, into which all steel wires (23.11, 23.14) which control all of said collection mirrors (23.2, 23.3) are united together. Said outer collection mirrors’ (23.3) steel wires (23.14) are sustained in a tensional load by a set of
107 wheels (23.4, 23.6, 23.7), while said steel wires (23.11) which sustain said inner collection mirrors (23.2) are sustained in a tensional load by a set of wheels (23.4, 23.5), with one wheel (23.4) sharing the load of both wires (23.11, 23.14) for each level on said tower mast structure (23.13).
Said water flow control gate (23.15) is also sustained by a steel wire (23.16) which is also submitted to a constant tensional load due to the weight of said water flow control gate (23.15) actuating on said steel wire (23.16). Said steel wire (23.16) attaches to the top part of said water flow control gate (23.15). Said steel wire connects to a separate handle (23.30) for the level control of said water flow control gate (23.15). Each steel wire (23.11) which connects to each inner collection mirror (23.2) connects to a separate handle (23.31), while each steel wire (23.14) which connects to each outer collection mirror (23.3) connects to a separate handle (23.33) as well. With said design, any collection mirror (23.2, 23.3) can be adjusted or taken out of operation either electrically, automatically and electrically actuated, or manually by the means of said handles (23.31, 23.33). Said handle (23.30) which connects to the water flow control gate (23.15) comprises the same design advantages, as said water flow control gate (23.15) can be adjusted automatically, can be automatically controlled with electrical actuation, or can be adjusted or taken out of operation manually by the means of said handle (23.30). All of said handles (23.30, 23.31, 23.33) are housed in a control building or housing (23.32).
Said sustaining wires (23.11, 23.14) are positioned into a vertical wire driving shaft (23.8) inside said tower mast structure, into which also the electrical supply wire is positioned, such that said shaft connects the bottom of said mast (23.13) to the mast’s top (23.13). At the top of said mast structure (23.13), a light intensity sensor (23.1) can be comprised in order to supply the control computer with accurate real time solar ray light intensity data, such that the control computer can calculate the required water flow rate to be allowed in by said water
108 flow control gate (23.15) with said data. A position awareness light for aircraft (23.1) can also be positioned at the top of said tower mast structure (23.13).
Said tensioned control wires (23.11, 23.140, as well as said electrical wire (23.28), are connected to a set of cavities (23.18) which drive said wires out of said mast structure (23.13). A set of rails (23.17) which are positioned around the bottom of said tower mast structure (23.13), are positioned in order to keep said wires (23.11, 23.14, 23.28) along a secure and horizontally aligned position. Said wires (23.11, 23.14, 23.24) are hence aligned horizontally towards a fixed member (23.25) which comprises cavities in order for said wires (23.11, 23.14, 23.24) to be then driven vertically down to a levelling wheel. When said electric motor (23.21) rotates, a driving wheel (23.20) drives the tower mast structure’s base (23.19) around the required rotational adjustment. As said driving wheel (23.20) contacts both the electric motor’s (23.21) shaft and the edge of said base plate (23.19), said driving wheel (23.20) actuates automatically the rotational motion of said tower mast structure (23.13).
The other side of said electric motor’s axis (23.21) connects to another driving wheel (23.29) which drives a horizontally positioned rotating plate shaped member (23.23) which rotates about a vertical axis, and connects to a circular member (23.22). Said circular member comprises a diameter such that the circumference of said circular member (23.22) is exactly half of the circumference comprised around the tower mast structure (23.13), and hence around said set of lower positioned railings (23.17). This design is calibrated such that said circular member (23.22) drives a horizontally projecting member (23.26) which comprises a wheel (23.27) at the other side of said fixed vertically projecting member (23.25), which is the member (23.25) which sustains said sliding member (23.26) in its required position. With said design, each time that the tower mast structure (23.13) is rotated, said sliding member
109 (23.26) will rotate at half the linear speed travelled by the bottom railings (23.17) of said tower mast structure (23.13).
Each time that said electric motor (23.21) rotates said tower mast structure (23.13), the linear speed of the edge of said rotating circular member (23.22) is exactly half of the linear speed at the point of the railings (23.17) positioned at the bottom of said tower mast structure (23.13). So, said wheel (23.27) at the end of said member (23.26) is moved at half the speed of that of said railings (23.17) when said electric motor (23.21) rotates said tower mast structure (23.13), hence guaranteeing that said wires (23.11, 23.14, 23.24) always remain in a tensional mode, whichever is the rotational position of said tower mast structure (23.13). This hence guarantees that said wires (23.11, 23.14, 23.24) always remain in a tensional stress mode, and that no change in orientation is produced on said mirrors (23.2, 23.3) when said tower mast structure is rotated. Both of said circular rotating members (23.19, 23.23) comprises the same diameters in order for the angular speed to be equal for both members (23.19, 23.23) when these (23.19, 23.23) are rotated by said electric motor (23.21).
Said electric motor (23.21) rotates both driving wheels (23.20, 23.29) simultaneously, hence rotating said tower mast structure (23.13) and said circular member (23.22), hence also simultaneously moving said horizontally projecting member (23.26). Said horizontally projecting member (23.26) is moved away from said tower mast structure (23.13) if the wires (23.11, 23.14, 23.24) need a lower distance due to said rotation, or vice versa if said wires (23.11, 23.14, 23.24) need a greater distance. Said circular member (23.22) rotates at the same angular speed as said tower mast structure (23.13), as said plate shaped member (23.23) which connects to it (23.22), comprises the same diameter as said tower mast structure’s base plate (23.19). As said electric motor (23.21) drives driving wheels (23.20, 23.29) which drive the edges of both of said base plate (23.19) and said circular plate member (23.23), and both driving wheels (23.20, 23.29) are positioned at equal radii to the centre axis of rotation for
110 both circular members (23.19, 23.23), said electric motor simultaneously actuates all systems at the same time, without any change in the orientation of said collection mirrors (23.2, 23.3). Said circular plate member (23.23) is positioned on the ground next to said tower mast structure (23.13). The tensioned wires (23.24) connect to said sets of handles (23.31, 23.33) by the means of a cable distributing system (23.35), with each cable (23.11, 23.14) connecting to a separate independent handle (23.31, 23.33). Said electrical supply cable connects to the ground structure beside said tower mast structure, where said wire (23.28) connects to the alternator which generates electricity as a result of the heat transfer process of said power generation system, which converts water into steam to then drive a steam turbine(s).
Said wire (24.8) which sustains said water flow control gate (24.7), can be moved either electrically, automatically with electric actuation, or manually by using said handle (24.9). As said wire (24.8) connects to said handle (24.9), said water flow control gate (24.7) will be closed, with its (24.7) weight acting on said wires. Said outer collection mirrors (24.2) can be moved to the neutral position (24.2) by pushing on said handles (24.11). Said pushing movement on said handles (24.11) will drive said wires (24.6) to move said rotating pivot (24.4) clockwise, hence moving said outer collection mirrors (24.2) to the neutral position, and hence putting these out of service. The same system is comprised for the inner collection mirrors (24.1). Said handles (24.10) can be pushed to put said inner collection mirrors (24.1) at the neutral positions (24.1), and hence putting these (24.1) out of service. Said pushing movement on said handles (24.10) will drive said wires (24.5) to drive the rotational pivots (24.3) of said inner collection mirrors (24.1) anticlockwise, hence putting said inner collection mirrors (24.1) to their neutral positions (24.1), and hence out of service. The pivot (24.4) of each outer collection mirror (24.2) connects to a separate control wire (24.6) which in turn attaches to the lower area of a separate handle (24.11). The pivot (24.3) of each inner
Ill collection mirror (24.1) connects to a separate control wire (24.5), which in turn attaches to the lower area of a separate handle (24.10). Said design features allows the operator to put one or more collection mirrors (24.1, 24.2) out of service independently without affecting the operation of the outer collection mirrors (24.1, 24.2), and hence without needing to shut down the solar ray concentrator, hence making said solar ray concentrator a reliable and fail safe power generation system design.
Said power generation systems can comprise different numbers of circuits, and different circuit architectures and configurations.
A solar ray concentrator power generation system can comprise a tower mast structure which is positioned on a floating vessel (25.9), which drives said concentrated solar rays through a vertical light driving pipe (25.4). The water from the medium on which said vessel (25.9) floats, is driven through an intake inlet through a filter (25.2) to avoid any undesired substances from entering into said system. A pump (25.3) sucks said water (25.1) into said system and hence drives said water (25.1) through a heat exchanger (25.7) to collect the excessive heat transferred by a primary circuit (25.6). Said pipe drives said secondary circuit’s (25.8) water through an exit pipe (25.8), onto which it is delivered to the medium on which said vessel (25.9) floats.
Said primary circuit comprises a fluid, preferably water, and is driven around in loop by a pump (25.14). Said pump (25.14) drives said liquid fluid through a pipe (25.13) which drives said fluid through a heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12) comprises an upwardly inclined geometry in order for the fluid to collect the heat and be driven easily through said heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12) after it changes to the gaseous steam state. Said heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12) comprises through all cavities to allow the water to pass through it (25.12), hence collecting the heat
112 driven by said light ray driving pipe (25.4). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12) is positioned under said vertical light driving pipe (25.4). After collecting said heat energy, said gaseous fluid is driven through a stem turbine (25.5), which is driven at speed by the pressure of said steam. Said steam turbine (25.5) drives a generator (25.11) to generate electricity. After leaving said steam turbine (25.5), said fluid is driven through the same heat exchanger (25.7) as that through which said secondary circuit (25.8) is driven through. Booth circuits are (25.6, 25.8) driven through separate closed pipes (25.6, 25.8). After transferring said excess heat to said secondary circuit (25.8) through said heat exchanger (25.7), said primary circuit’s fluid comes back to the driving pump (25.14), which drives said liquid fluid back again through said heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12) in order to newly collect heat.
Said floating vessel is sustained by a set of cables (25.10) which attaches said vessel (25.9) to the bed of the floating medium (25.15). Said cables should preferably be made of steel. Said cables sustain said vessel (25.9) below its floating height, such that the buoyant force avoids it from moving when waves or wind is present.
Said floating vessel (26.5) is attached to the bed (26.15) of said floating medium (26.1) by wires (26.10) which are subjected to a constant tensional force. Said floating vessel (26.5) can be also comprised with an architecture which comprises a primary circuit (26.14) only architecture. Said design hence comprises said water (26.1) on which said medium floats, being allowed into an intake inlet, and hence through a filter (26.4) to avoid any undesired substances of entering into said system. A water flow control gate (26.3) controls the flow of water according to the intensity of the light rays present at all times. A housing (26.2) allows said water flow control gate (26.3) to be positioned inside at all times. A pipe (26.14) then drives said intake water (26.1) to the heat exchanger or steam generator (26.13), which is situated under said light ray vertical driving pipe (26.6).
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Said concentrated light rays transfer heat energy to said heat exchanger or steam generator (26.13), which then in turn transfers said heat to the flowing water (26.1). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (26.13) is inclined upwards such that the converted steam can be easily driven upwards and out of said heat exchanger or steam generator (26.13). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (26.13) also comprises through all cavities in order to allow the water to pass through it (26.13), hence collecting the heat. The steam is then driven from said heat exchanger or steam generator (26.13) to a steam turbine (26.12). Said steam turbine is driven at speed by said steam. Said steam turbine (26.12) drives a generator (26.9) to generate electricity. After driving said turbine, said water is driven through an exit pipe (26.11) towards a pump (26.7), which drives said water out of the system through an exit pipe (26.8). The exit pipe (26.8) connects to the other side of the vessel, such that the intake pipe does not collect already heated water (26.1). Said water is redelivered to the floating medium (26.1) on which said vessel (26.5) floats.
Concentrated light ray power generation systems which are comprised on hard or artificial land, can also comprise similar design architectures as those comprised on Figures 25 and 26.
The vertical light ray driving pipe (27.6) of the solar ray concentrator, drives light vertically downwards towards a heat exchanger or steam generator (27.12). A pump (27.13) drives a fluid, preferably water, through a pipe, and hence through said heat exchanger or steam generator (27.12). Said fluid collects the heat of said heat exchanger or steam generator (27.12) and hence converts to steam. Said heat exchanger or steam generator (27.12) is inclined upwards in order to allow the steam to flow easily out of said heat exchanger or steam generator (27.12) by the means of natural circulation. Said heat exchanger or steam generator (27.12) comprises through all cavities in order to allow the fluid of the primary circuit through it (27.12), hence collecting the heat transferred by said heat exchanger or
114 steam generator (27.12). Said steam then drives a steam turbine (27.11), which hence drives a generator (27.10) to generate electricity.
The fluid of said primary conduit is then driven via a pipe (27.8) to a heat exchanger (27.7) after leaving said steam turbine (27.11). Said primary circuit hence transfers the excess heat to a secondary circuit (27.9) through said heat exchanger (27.7). Said primary circuit (27.2) drives the liquefied fluid through a pipe (27.2) back to the driving pump (27.13), which drives said fluid back newly again towards said heat exchanger or steam generator (27.12) to newly collect heat. The pipes of both primary (27.2) and secondary (27.9) circuits are separate at all times. Said secondary circuit (27.9) collects the water (27.1) from a water basin (27.1) beside said power generation system, through an intake inlet. A filter (27.3) avoids any undesired substances of entering into said system. A driving pump (27.4) drives said secondary circuit’s (27.9) water through said heat exchanger (27.7) in order to collect the excess heat from said primary circuit (27.8). Then, said secondary circuit drives the heated water (27.1) out of the system through an exit pipe (27.9), back into said lateral water basin (27.1) . Said artificial or hard land (27.5) comprises said water basin (27.1) beside it.
Said power generation system can also comprise a vertical light ray driving pipe (28.5) which drives concentrated light from a solar ray concentrator onto a heat exchanger or steam generator (28.10). Water (28.1) is collected from a laterally positioned water basin (28.1), hence driving said water (28.1) through a filter (28.13) which avoids any undesired substances of entering into said system. In the intake pipe (28.11), a water flow control gate (28.12) controls the water flow through the intake pipe (28.11). A housing (28.2) is comprised to keep said water flow control gate (28.12) positioned in it (28.2) at all times. A pipe (28.11) drives said water (28.1) towards said heat exchanger or steam generator (28.10). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (28.10) transfers the heat to said flowing water (28.1) . Said heat exchanger or steam generator (28.10) comprises through all cavities to allow
115 the water flow through, and is (28.10) inclined towards an upwards direction in order to facilitate the flow of the water (28.1) which is converted to steam, by natural circulation. Said steam then flows through a pipe (28.9) after leaving said heat exchanger or steam generator (28.10), to a steam turbine (28.8).
Said steam turbine (28.8) is driven by the steam flow, and drives a generator (28.7) to generate electricity. Saud fluid flow is driven by a pump (28.6) out of said steam turbine, and is then driven out of the system buy an exit pipe (28.3). Said artificial or hard land (28.4) comprises said water basin (28.1) positioned beside it, and said solar ray concentrator is comprised on said land (28.4) surface.
Said solar ray concentrator is comprised on said vertical light ray driving pipe (29.5), which drives said concentrated light rays to said heat exchanger or steam generator (29.15). Said system can also be comprised on places where no water supply is present for the cooling process of the fluid present in the primary circuit (29.2). Said places include mountain areas, deserts or simply hard land. In such case, said power generation system can still be fully operational in said environments.
For such designs, said power generation system comprises a driving pump (29.16) which drives the fluid of the primary circuit through a pipe, towards said heat exchanger or steam generator (29.15). Said primary circuit’s (29.2) fluid can be synthetic oil, pressurised steam, or water, but should preferably be water. Said heat exchanger or steam generator (29.15) is inclined upwards in order facilitate the newly converted steam to flow upwards and out of said heat exchanger or steam generator (29.15) by natural circulation. Said heat exchanger or steam generator (29.15) comprises through all cavities in order to allow the water to be passed through it (29.15), hence collecting the heat transferred by said light rays. After leaving said heat exchanger or steam generator (29.15), said fluid is driven to a steam turbine
116 (29.14). Said steam turbine (29.14) is driven by said steam, which in turn drives a generator (29.13) which generates electricity. A pipe drives said remaining steam out of said turbine (29.14) and towards a heat exchanger (29.3).
In said heat exchanger (29.3), the remaining excess heat of said primary circuit’s (29.12) fluid is transferred to the pipe (29.4) of a secondary circuit (29.11) which is driven through said heat exchanger (29.3). The pipes of both primary (29.2) and secondary (29.4) circuits form totally separate and closed circuits (29.2, 29.4) at all times. The primary circuit’s (29.2) fluid is then driven through a pipe (29.2) from said heat exchanger (29.3) to said driving pump (29.16), which drives said fluid newly again to the heat exchanger or steam generator (29.15) in order to newly collect heat.
Said secondary circuit comprises a refrigerant fluid inside said pipe (29.4). A compressor (29.10) drives the liquefied fluid through a pipe (29.4) after releasing its heat through said compressor (29.10). Said compressor (29.10) hence drives said liquid refrigerant fluid through a pipe (29.4) towards said heat exchanger (29.3). Inside said heat exchanger (29.3), said secondary circuit’s (29.4) refrigerant collects the heat, hence changing to a gaseous state. Said gaseous refrigerant is then driven through a pipe (29.11) out of said heat exchanger (29.3) and into the compressor (29.10). Said compressor (29.10) comprises the gaseous refrigerant, hence converting it back into the liquid state, and releasing the heat in the compressor’s (29.10) surroundings. Said compressor (29.10) is positioned inside an open duct (29.9).
An electric motor (29.6) drives a fan (29.8) which drives air through said open duct (29.9), hence constantly transferring the heat from said compressor’s (29.10) surroundings to the outside surroundings of the power generation system. The electric motor (29.6) drives a shaft (29.7) which connects to said rotating fan (29.8).
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Said power generation system design can also be comprised on a floating vessel or ship (30.4). Each mast of said vessel (30.4) comprises a solar ray concentrator, with a light ray driving pipe (30.1, 30.13) under of said mast structures. A heat exchanger or steam generator (30.24, 30.14) is comprised at the bottom of each of said light ray driving pipes (30.1, 30.13). Said heat exchangers or steam generators (30.1, 30.13) transfer the heat from said light rays to a fluid in a primary circuit pipe (30.15, 30.23). Two driving pipes (30.3, 30.25) each drive the fluid through a separate pipe (30.15, 30.23) for each separate heat exchanger or steam generator (30.14, 30.24). Once said primary circuit’s (30.15, 30.23) fluid has collected said heat through said heat elements (30.14, 30.24), said two steam driving pipes (30.23) unite and drive said fluid through a separate pipe (30.22) into a set of steam expanders (30.21), and through another separate pipe (30.19) into a steam turbine (30.18). After driving said steam turbine (30.18), and driving said set of reciprocating expanders (30.21), said two separate pipes (30.20) unite again, and drive said fluid through a pipe (30.17) to a heat exchanger (30.6). Said steam turbine (30.18) drives a generator (30.16) to generate electricity.
Said heat exchanger (30.6) transfers the excess heat of said primary circuit’s (30.17) fluid to a secondary circuit (30.5). After transferring said excess heat, said primary circuit’s (30.17) fluid is driven back through a pipe (30.2) to said pipe separations, in which each separate pipe (30.3, 30.25) drives fluid back again to said heat exchangers or steam generators (30.14, 30.24). Said heat exchanger (30.6) comprises both primary (30.17) and secondary (30.5) circuit pipes together in order for the heat transfer to take place, but are totally separate the one (30.17) from the other (30.5). A compressor (30.11) drives a liquid refrigerant through said secondary circuit pipe (30.5) into said heat exchanger (30.6). After collecting said excess heat, said refrigerant, in a gaseous state, is driven through a pipe (30.12) to said compressor (30.11). When said compressor (30.11) comprises said gaseous refrigerant, it drives it through the pipe (30.5) again towards said heat exchanger (30.6) in a liquid state, and
118 transfers the heat to the surroundings of said compressor (30.11). Said compressor (30.11) is positioned in an open duct (30.10) on the ship’s or vessel’s (30.4) deck. An electric motor (30.7) drives a rotating shaft (30.8) which hence drives a fan (30.9) in order to transfer said heat out of the system.
Said power generation system can also comprise a fully enclosed primary circuit (31.17) which comprises pressures fluid, preferably pressurised water or oil in it (31.17). Said system comprises a heat exchanger (31.15) which transfers the heat of said light rays driven by said light ray driving pipe (31.8) to the fluid in said conduit (31.17). A pump (31.16) drives said pressurised fluid, preferably water or oil, through a pipe (31.17) and into said steam generator (31.18). Said fluid transfers its heat to the secondary circuit (31.6), also present through said steam generator (31.18). Both primary (31.17) and secondary (31.6) remain separate and closed at all times. After transferring said heat, said fluid is driven back through said heat exchanger (31.15), hence newly collecting heat from said solar rays. Said heat exchanger (31.15) is positioned under said light ray driving pipe (31.8). Said fluid is then driven by said pump (31.16) again towards said steam generator (31.18), starting the process over again.
Said secondary circuit comprises a fluid, preferably water. Said secondary circuit comprises a driving pump (31.5) which dives said fluid through a pipe (31.6), and hence into said steam generator (31.18). Said steam generator (31.18) transfers the heat of the primary circuit (31.17) into the secondary circuit’s (31.6) fluid. Said fluid then drives a steam turbine (31.14), which in turn drives a generator (31.13) to generate electricity. Said secondary circuit’s (31.11) fluid is then driven through a pipe (31.11) and into another heat exchanger (31.9), in which said secondary circuit transfers the excess heat of the fluid to a tertiary circuit (31.10). Both secondary (31.11) and tertiary (31.10) circuits are enclosed in fully separate pipes (31.11,31.10). Said secondary circuit’s (31.11) fluid is then driven through a
119 pipe to said driving pump (31.5) again, where said pump (31.5) drives said fluid again through said pipe (31.6) into the steam generator (31.18).
Said steam generator (31.18) is inclined in an upward direction in order for said secondary circuit’s fluid to be driven easily through said steam generator (31.18) when said fluid is converted to steam after collecting said heat. Said power generation system is comprised on a floating vessel (31.7) which floats on water, and is sustained to the bed (31.19) of said floating medium (31.1) by a set of tensioned cables (31.12) which impede said vessel (31.7) of moving or oscillating due to wave or wind being present. Said cables (31.12) sustain said vessel (31.7) below its (31.7) buoyant floating level in order to avoid any undesired movement or vibration of said vessel (31.7) due to waves or wind.
Said tertiary circuit takes water (31.1) from the medium on which said vessel (31.7) floats, through an intake. A filter (31.2) is present to avoid any undesired substances of entering into said tertiary circuit (31.4). A driving pump (31.3) drives said water (31.1) through a pipe (31.4), and hence through said heat exchanger (31.9). Said water collects the excess heat from the secondary circuit (31.11) through said heat exchanger (31.9). Said fluid is then driven through an exit pipe (31.10), where it is driven out of the system, back into the medium on which said vessel (31.7) floats. Both secondary (31.11) and tertiary (31.10) circuit pipes are separate from each other, even through said heat exchanger (31.9).
Said power generation system can also be comprised on hard or artificial land (32.9), with a water basin (32.1) situated beside it (32.9). Such architecture comprises a driving pump (32.8) which drives the primary circuit’s (32.7) fluid through a pipe (32.7) into said steam generator (32.18). A secondary circuit (32.5) collects the heat through said steam generator (32.18), and so converts into steam when flowing through said steam generator (32.18). Said primary circuit’s (32.7) fluid is then driven back to the heat exchanger (32.17) through which
120 it collects newly heat. Said heat is supplied by the concentrated light driving pipe (32.10), positioned above said heat exchanger (32.17). Said fluid is then driven back through said driving pump (32.8), which drives the fluid newly around said primary circuit (32.7). A driving pump (32.40 drives fluid, preferably water, through the pipe (32.5) of a secondary circuit. Said pipe (32.5) drives said secondary circuit’s (32.5) fluid through the steam generator (32.18), which is shared between the primary circuit (32.7) and said secondary circuit (32.5). Said fluid collects the heat transfers by said primary circuit (32.7) when flowing through said steam generator (32.18), hence converting itself into steam. Said steam is then driven to a steam turbine (32.16), which is driven by said steam, and hence drives a generator (32.15) to generate electricity. The remaining steam is then driven through a pipe (32.12), and hence driven through a heat exchanger (32.11) which is shared between said secondary circuit (32.12) and a tertiary circuit (32.13). In said heat exchanger (32.11), said secondary circuit’s (32.12) fluid transfers the excess heat from the steam to said tertiary circuit (32.13), hence changing back the state of the secondary circuit’s (32.12) fluid to the liquid state. Said fluid is then driven back from said heat exchanger (32.11) to said driving pump (32.4), where the whole process is restarted again.
Said steam generator (32.18) is upwardly inclined in order to allow the steam to flow through it (32.18) easily due to natural circulation. Through all cavities are comprised through said steam generator (32.18) in order to allow the fluids of both primary (32.7) and secondary (32.5) circuits, to flow through it (32.18) from end to end. Said tertiary circuit (32.3) comprises an intake pipe which takes water (32.1) from the water basin (32.1) positioned beside said power generation system. A filter (32.6) avoids any undesired distances of entering into the tertiary circuit (32.3). A driving pump (32.2) drives the water (32.1) through a pipe (32.3) which drives said water (32.1) through the heat exchanger (32.11), which is shared with the pipe if the secondary circuit (32.12). In said heat exchanger (32.11), said
121 tertiary circuit’s (32.3) water (32.1) flow collects the excess heat of said secondary circuit (32.12), and is then driven through an outlet (32.13) from said heat exchanger (32.11), and then through an exit pipe (32.14) to be driven out of the system to the same basin (32.1) as where said water (32.1) was initially collected.
Said power generation system can also be comprised on isolated land (33.1) without any water supply being offered. Said design would hence comprise a heat exchanger (33.16) which collects the heat from the solar rays. Said solar ray driving pipe (33.6) is comprised just above said heat exchanger (33.16). Said primary circuit’s (33.18) fluid, preferably water or oil, is constantly in a liquid state, and hence transfers the heat from said light rays very easily through said heat exchanger (33.16). Said heated fluid is driven through a driving pump (33.17), which drives it through a pipe (33.18), and hence through a steam generator (33.19). In said steam generator (33.19), said primary circuit’s (33.18) fluid transfers the heat to a secondary circuit (33.3). After transferring said heat, said primary circuit’s fluid is driven back through said heat exchanger (33.16) in order to newly collect heat, hence starting the process all over again.
A driving pump (33.2) drives the fluid of said secondary circuit (33.3), preferably water, through a pipe (33.3), which drives it through said steam generator (33.19). Said secondary circuit’s (33.3) fluid is converted to steam as it collects the heat from the primary circuit (33.18). Said steam generator (33.19) comprises the pipes of both primary (33.18) and secondary (33.3) circuits. Said steam generator (33.19) is inclined upwardly in order to allow the ease of forward circulation of said steam in said secondary circuit (33.3) when being driven through said steam generator (33.19). Said steam then drives a steam turbine (33.15), which in turn drives a generator (33.14) to generate electricity. Said remaining steam is then driven through a pipe (33.13) which drives said steam to a heat exchanger (33.4). In said heat exchanger (33.4), said excess heat from said secondary circuit (33.13) is transferred to a
122 tertiary circuit (33.5). Said secondary circuit’s (33.13) fluid, back in the liquid state, is then driven back through said driving pump (33.2), which restarts said process over again.
Said driving pipe (33.5) of said tertiary circuit (33.5) drives a refrigerant in the liquid state through the heat exchanger (33.4) which said tertiary circuit (33.5) shares with the pipe of the secondary circuit (33.13). Said refrigerant fluid of said tertiary circuit (33.5) collects the excess heat from said secondary circuit (33.13), hence converting itself into the gaseous state. Said gas is then driven through a pipe (33.12) to a compressor (33.10). Said compressor (33.10) compresses the gas, hence releasing the heat from said gas to the surroundings of said compressor, and driving back said refrigerant, in a liquid state, through said tertiary circuit’s pipe (33.5).
As said compressor (33.10) is comprised in an opened duct (33.11), a fan (33.9) drives air through said duct (33.11), hence transferring the heat from said compressor (33.10) through said duct (33.11) to the outer environment around the system. An electric motor (33.7) drives a shaft (33.8) which dives said fan (33.9). Said fan collects air from the other side of said duct (33.11) , hence driving said air around said compressor (33.10), and hence transferring its (33.10) excess heat to the outer environment.
Said power generation system can also be comprised on a floating vessel or ship (34.4). In said design, the light driving pipes (34.1, 34.13) are positioned on the heat exchangers (34.14, 34.29). Said heat exchangers (34.14, 34.29) transfer heat to the fluid of the primary circuit (34.3, 34.28). Said fluid of said primary circuit (34.3, 34.28) can be synthetic oil, water or pressurised steam, but should preferably be water. Said primary circuit’s (34.3, 34.28) fluid is driven by a driving pump (34.3). Said primary circuit’s (34.3, 34.28) fluid is driven through a heat exchanger or steam generator (34.20) after collecting the heat from said heat exchangers (34.14, 34.29). The primary circuit (34.3, 34.28) is a pressurised fluid or pressurised water
123 circuit. Said heat exchanger or steam generator (34.20) transfers the heat to a secondary circuit (34.25). Said fluid of the secondary circuit (34.25) should be preferably water. A pump (34.26) drives said fluid in said secondary' circuit (34.25) through a pipe (34.25) and into said heat exchanger or steam generator (34.20). In said steam generator (34.20), said secondary circuit (34.25) collects the heat transferred by the primary circuit (34.3, 34.28).
The resulting steam is then driven through a pipe (34.22), which separates into a pipe (34.23) which drives steam onto a set of reciprocating expanders (34.24), which can drive the vessel’s propulsion systems, and another separate pipe (34.21) to a steam turbine (34.18).
Said steam turbine (34.18) drives in turn a generator (34.16) which generates electricity. The exhaust steam of both steam expanders (34.24) and steam turbine (34.18), are driven through a separate pipe (34.19) to a single united pipe (34.17) which drives said steam through a heat exchanger (34.5). In said heat exchanger (34.5), said secondary circuit transfers the excess remaining heat to a tertiary circuit (34.6), prior of being driven back to the driving pump (34.26) through a pipe (34.27).
Said tertiary circuit (34.6) drives a liquid refrigerant through said heat exchanger (34.5) to collect the excess heat from said secondary circuit (34.17), which said refrigerant, in a gaseous sate, drives through a pipe (34.12) to a compressor (34.11). Said compressor (34.11) releases the heat of said tertiary circuit (34.6) into an open duct (34.10). An electric motor (34.7) drives a shaft (34.8) which drives a fan (34.9), which drives air through said duct (34.10), hence removing the heat released by said compressor (34.11) from said duct, hence driving it out of the system.
Said power generation system can also take the tertiary circuit’s (35.1) fluid from the medium on which said vessel or ship (35.5) floats, provided that said power generation system is comprised on a floating vessel or ship (35.5). In this case, the tertiary circuit (35.1) collects
124 the water (35.3) from an intake inlet, from the medium (35.3) on which said vessel (35.5) floats. A filter (35.27) avoids any undesired substances of entering into said tertiary circuit (35.1). A pump (35.2) drives said water (35.3) through said tertiary circuit pipe (35.1), and hence through a heat exchanger (35.6) which is shared between the secondary circuit’s pipe (35.9) and said tertiary circuit’s pipe (35.1). Said water collects the excess heat from said secondary circuit (35.9) when flowing through said heat exchanger (35.6), and is then driven out of the system through a pipe (35.10), which guides said water (35.1) to a fluid outlet (35.12) at the other side of the vessel (35.5). This guarantees that no hot water will be taken in by said tertiary circuit (35.1), as said inlet is positioned at the other side of said vessel (35.5).
The primary (35.22) and secondary (35.17) circuits function in the same manner as comprised on Figure 34. The light ray driving pipes (35.4, 35.11) supply heat to a set of heat exchangers (35.13, 25.25) which transfer heat to the fluid of the primary circuit (35.14, 35.22). Said primary circuit’s (35.14, 35.22) fluid should be pressurised steam, synthetic oil or water, but should preferably be water or oil, as said circuit (35.14, 35.22) is just used to transfer heat while remaining in a constant liquid state. After collecting said heat through said heat exchangers (35.13, 35.25), said primary circuit’s (35.14, 35.22) fluid is driven through a heat exchanger or steam generator (35.19) in which said primary circuit’s (35.14, 35.22) fluid transfers heat to a secondary circuit. Said fluid is then driven back through a pipe (35.22) towards one of the heat exchangers (35.25). The same pipe (35.14, 35.22) drives the fluid through both heat exchangers (35.13, 35.25). A pump (35.26) drives said primary circuit’s (35.14, 35.22) fluid around the loop.
Said secondary circuit (35.21) is driven by a pump (35.23). Sais secondary circuit’s (35.21) fluid should preferably be water. When said fluid is driven through said heat exchanger (35.19), the fluid collects the heat transferred by the primary circuit (35.14, 35.22). After
125 collecting said heat, said fluid, in the form of steam, is driven through a pipe (35.17) out of said heat exchanger (35.19) and said pipe (35.17) then separates into a pipe (35.18) which drives fluid to a set of reciprocating expanders (35.20), and another pipe (35.7) which drives fluid to a steam turbine (35.16).
Said reciprocating steam expanders (35.20) drive the vessel’s (35.50 propulsion system. Said steam turbine (35.16) drives a generator (35.15) which generates electricity. Said exhaust pipe (35.8) of said set of reciprocating expanders (35.20), then unites with the exhaust pipe of said steam turbine, into a single pipe (35.9), which then drives the remaining steam fluid to a heat exchanger (35.6). In said heat exchanger (35.6), said secondary circuit’s (35.17) fluid transfers its remaining excess heat to said tertiary open circuit (35.1, 35.10). After that, said fluid, back in the water or liquid state, is driven back through a pipe (35.24) to said driving pump (35.23), which drives said fluid back again through said pipe (35.21) towards said heat exchanger or steam generator (35.19), hence restarting the process over again.
Said power generation systems comprised on Figures 1 to 35 can also be used to heat fluid in a storage tank, such as molten salt, in order to use said heat to generate power during the dark hours of each day.
Said power generation system (Figure 1-43) can also comprise a storage tank (36.1) which comprises high density energy storage materials, such as molten salt. Said storage tank (36.1) can use the heat stored in the fluid comprised in the fluid to heat the primary circuit’s (36.3) fluid during dark hours. This can be done by driving said energy storage fluid through a pump (36.5), which drives said fluid through a circuit pipe (36.4). Said energy storage fluid should be preferably molten salt. Said pipe (36.4) drives said energy storage fluid through the heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2), where said energy storage fluid collects heat. After that, it is driven back to the energy storage tank (36.1). The energy storage process is the
126 storage of very high temperatures in a highly dense fluid such as molten salt. The primary circuit pipe (36.3) is driven through the same heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2) in order to collect heat from the concentrated solar rays. During dark hours, the energy storage fluid is driven from said storage tank (36.5) by said pump (36.5), through the heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2), hence guaranteeing a continuous supply of heat energy to the heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2), which in turn transfers said heat continuously to the primary circuit’s (36.3) fluid.
Said energy storage fluid is continuously driven through said heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2) during light hours in order to collect heat energy. The energy storage fluid is taken from the bottom of said tank (36.1), such that gravity makes fluid driving an easier and more economic task through said pipe (36.4). Said primary circuit pipe (36.3) and said heat energy storage fluid pipe (36.4) remain fully separate at all times, although sharing the same heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2). During dark hours, it is said energy storage fluid pipe (36.4) which transfers heat to said heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2) in order to transfer it to the primary circuit’s fluid (36.3).
Said power generation system can also comprise an upwardly inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (37.2). Said design is conceived in order for the steam produced in the primary circuit’s pipe (37.3) to be driven easily up said heat exchanger or steam generator (37.2) by the means of natural circulation. Said heat exchangers or steam generators (36.2,
37.2) comprise through all cavities in order for the fluids of both circuits (36.4, 36.3, 37.4,
37.3) to be driven through said heat exchangers or steam generators (36.2, 37.2). The architecture of the heat energy storage fluid’s circuit components (37.1, 37.5) remains identical for this design concept as well.
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Said power generation system can also comprise a storage tank (38.1), from which a pump (38.6) drives the energy storage fluid, preferably molten salt, through a pipe (38.5). In said design, said pipe (38.5) is the only pipe which collects heat from the heat exchanger or steam generator (38.2) from the solar rays. The fluid flow of the primary circuit (38.4) which flows through the primary circuit’s pipe (38.4), collects the heat from said energy storage fluid when being driven through a heat exchanger (38.3). The remaining heat remains in said energy storage fluid, and is hence driven to the energy storage tank (38.1). Said system drives energy storage fluid during both light hours and dark hours, ether taking heat energy from said heat exchanger (38.2) or from said storage tank (38.1), while continuously transferring heat to the primary circuit (38.4) through said heat exchanger (38.3). Both pipes (38.5, 38.4) are driven separately through said heat exchanger (38.3).
Said power generation system can also comprise an upwardly inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (39.3) in order to facilitate the steam flow in the primary circuit pipe (39.4) when said water flow is converted to steam in said heat exchanger or steam generator (39.3). The energy storage circuit’s architecture (39.1, 39.5, 39.6), as well as that of the light ray heat exchanger (39.2) remain identical for said design configuration. Both energy storage (39.5) and primary circuit (39.4) pipes are driven separately through said heat exchanger or steam generator (39.3).
Said power generation system can comprise the tower mast structure, with the light ray driving pipe (40.4) at its bottom, being positioned on an energy storage tank (40.1). In this design, heat is constantly transferred to the energy storage fluid, preferably molten salt, being comprised in said storage tank (40.1), by the means of heat transfer rods (40.2). Said heat transfer rods connect to a heat exchanger (40.3) which is positioned under said light ray driving pipe (40.4), and transfers continuously the heat from said light rays to the heat transfer rods (40.2) inside said tank (40.1) in order to heat said storage tank’s (40.1) fluid.
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Weather during light hours or dark hours, the primary circuit pipe (40.6) flows through a heat exchanger (40.7) positioned at the bottom of said storage tank (40.1), hence constantly collecting heat from said tank (40.1). During dark hours, the heat energy stored in said tank (40.1) is transferred to the primary circuit (40.6) by the means of said heat exchanger (40.7).
Said power generation system, comprising said light driving pipe (41.4) on said heat exchanger (41.3), transferring heat to the heat transfer rods (41.2) of said storage tank (41.1), keeps the tank’s (41.1) fluid, preferably molten salt, at very high temperatures at all times. The primary circuit (41.6) can be driven through an upwardly inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (41.7) in order for the generated steam in said heat exchanger (41.7) to flow easily due to natural circulation through said primary circuit’s pipe (41.6). Said storage tank (40.1, 41.1) can be positioned under, over, or partly under the ground level (40.5, 41.5) situated around said power generation system. If said tank (40.1, 41.1) is partly positioned under said land level (40.5, 41.5), the structure will be more pleasing to the environmental landscape and topology.
Said power generation systems comprised in this invention (Figures 1-43), can comprise a pipe (42.1) which drives water through a hydroelectric turbine (42.2) prior of driving said water through a follow on pipe (42.4) through the heat exchanger or steam generator (42.5) which transfers heat from the light rays driven by said light ray driving pipe (42.7) to the primary circuit’s (42.4) fluid by the means of said heat exchanger or steam generator (42.5). Said hydroelectric turbine (42.2) drives a generator (42.3) which also generates electricity.
Said power generation system can also comprise an upwardly inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (43.5) in order for the water flow in the primary circuit (43.4) to be easily driven through said heat exchanger or steam generator (43.5) due to natural circulation after being converted to steam. The architecture of the hydroelectric turbine (43.2) and the
129 connecting generator (43.3), as well as that of the vertically projecting pipe (43.1) and the light driving pipe (43.7), remain identical. The vertically projecting pipe (42.1, 43.1) is inclined at a very sharp downward vertical angle in order for the falling water to gain enough kinetic energy to efficiently drive said hydroelectric turbine (42.2, 43.2), hence driving said generator (42.3, 43.3) to generate electricity.
The heat exchanger and steam generators (36.2, 37.2, 38.2, 38.3, 39.2, 39.3, 40.3, 40.7, 41.3,
41.7, 42.5, 43.5) and said heat transfer rods (40.2, 41.2) should be made of a metallic material, preferably steel, aluminium alloy or copper.
The energy storage fluid tanks (36.1, 37.1, 38.1, 39.1, 40.1, 41.1) can connect to a plurality of pipes (36.4, 37.4, 38.5, 39.5) which each drive energy storage fluid, preferably molten salt, through each heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2, 37.2, 38.2, 38.3, 39.2, 39.3, 40.3, 40.7,
41.3, 41.7, 42.5, 43.5) of a plurality of tower mast structures (40.4, 41.4, 42.7, 43.7). Said design would hence result in a power station comprised of a plurality of said tower mast structures (40.4, 41.4, 42.7, 43.7), hence making the system more efficient due to a much higher power output being generated. Said storage tank (4.14) can hence connect to a pipe (4.15) which drives energy storage fluid by the means of a pump (4.16) through a distribution pipe (4.17).
Said distribution pipe (4.17) distributes fluid to a plurality of pipes (4.18), each being driven through a steam generator or heat exchanger (36.2, 37.2, 38.2, 38.3, 39.2, 39.3, 40.3, 40.7,
41.3, 41.7, 42.5, 43.5) under a tower mast structure (4.6). After collecting said heat during light hours, or supplying said heat duding dark hours, to said heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2, 37.2, 38.2, 38.3, 39.2, 39.3, 40.3, 40.7, 41.3, 41.7, 42.5, 43.5), said energy storage fluid is driven to a fluid collection pipe (4.19) which drives said energy storage fluid back to said heat energy storage tank (4.14). This results in an energy storage fluid circuit
130 (4.15, 4.17, 4.18, 4.19) which is totally separate from said primary circuit (4.4, 4.5, 4.9). Said energy storage circuit (4.15, 4.17, 4.18, 4.19) can also be comprised under the ground surface’s level (40.5, 41.5).
The cables (23.16, 23.24) positioned at the bottom of said tower mast structure (23.13), including the moving systems (23.26, 23.27), can all be enclosed in a fully covered housing (24.13) , which comprises a tight circular seal (24.12) around the bottom mast area of said tower mast structure (23.13). Said system will allow the systems and cables (23.16, 24.24, 23.26, 23.27) to be fully isolated from the outside weather conditions, as well as from the outside medium. Said system comprises a housing which fully covers said control room (24.14) and said systems (24.13), and which also covers said systems vertically (24.15) allaround said tower mast structure (23.13). Said system hence allows said tower mast structure (23.13) to operate in windy, snowy and stormy conditions, and to even operate on a submerged platform, which would be positioned under the water level. Said design hence isolates fully said system from the outside medium. This design (24.13, 24.14, 24.15) allows said systems (23.16, 23.24) to be fully protected from corrosion from water, salt or other sources.
Said floating vessels (25.9, 26.5, 31.7) should comprise pipes (25.16, 26.16, 31.20) which drive the produced electrical power from said offshore vessels (25.9, 26.5, 31.7) to onshore industries, ports, stations, populations, villages or towns. Said pipes can also comprise separate pipes which transport hot steam and/or hydrogen fuel to the shore for industrial applications or for heating applications in towns, villages, power stations, and many other applications. Said pipes (25.16, 26.16, 31.20) should however be manually used to transport electricity to the shore. The electrical pipes are designed to transport electricity. Fluids such as steam and hydrogen have to be transported through separate pipes (25.16, 26.16, 31.20). Said pipes (25.16, 26.16, 31.20) connect to the floating vessel (25.9, 26.5, 31.7), and project
131 on the sea bed, river bed, or basin bed to the shore, where these (25.16, 26.16, 31.20) connect to either pipes, or to the electrical grid for electricity supply applications.
Said tower mast structures (44.2) comprise the bottom areas being housed inside a fully closed housing (44.3) in order to protect the cables and systems (23.16, 24.24, 23.26, 23.27) from outer environmental conditions, as well as from undesired residue, algae, and many other sources. Said housing (44.3) can also be watertight if said tower mast structures (44.2) comprise the bottom area submerged under the water surface on a submerged vessel. Said housing is positioned on the ground surface (44.1) or vessel surface (44.1). Said control room (44.4) can also be fully water tight, or at least fully enclosed by said housing (44.4), and can connect to the enclosed systems (44.3), which are also comprised in a fully closed housing. Said light driving pipe (44.5) projects vertically downwards, and is fully static under the movable systems level (44.3), which is where said housings (44.3, 44.4) are comprised.
A power station can comprise a plurality of tower mast structures (45.11) which are each stationed over a heat exchanger (45.10). Said heat exchangers (45.10) are each (45.10) comprised under each of said tower mast structures (45.11) in order to transfer the heat of the solar rays to an energy storage fluid pipe (45.6) and a water pipe (45.23). Said nearby storage circuit comprises an energy storage tank (45.22) which stores the heated fluid. A pipe (45.21) drives fluid out of said tank (45.22), and is driven by a pump (45.20) to a distribution pipe (45.8). Said distribution pipe (45.8) distributes the flowing energy storage fluid through a plurality of perpendicularly projecting pipes (45.6). A pump (45.9) can be comprised through each of said perpendicular projecting pipes (45.6) to drive said energy storage fluid. Each of said tower mast structures (45.11) is comprised on a heat exchanger (45.10) which is comprised through each of said separate perpendicular projecting pipes (45.6). Said energy storage fluid hence collects heat when being driven through said heat exchangers (45.10). Said perpendicular pipes (45.6) drive said energy storage fluid to a collection pipe (45.15)
132 after being driven through said heat exchangers (45.10). Said collection pipe (45.15) drives said energy storage fluid back to the energy storage tank (45.22), where said heat is being stored. Said energy storage material should be molten salt, synthetic oil or pressurised steam.
Simultaneously, a water circuit (45.19) comprises a pipe (45.19) which drives water, such that a pump (45.18) drives said water to a distribution pipe (45.13) which distributes said water flow to a plurality of separate perpendicular projecting pipes (45.23). Each of said perpendicular projecting pipes (45.23) can comprise a pump (45.1) to drive said water flow towards said heat exchangers (45.10). Each of said perpendicular projecting water pipes (45.23), projects in parallel to the perpendicular energy storage fluid pipes (45.6), and are each (45.23) driven through said heat exchangers (45.10). Each pipe (45.23) is driven through a heat exchanger (45.10). After the water collects heat through said heat exchangers (45.10), a collection pipe (45.14) collects the heated water form said perpendicular projecting pipes (45.23), and said heated water is being driven through a single pipe (45.7) towards a heat exchanger (45.16), where said heat is being transferred from the water flow to a secondary or tertiary circuit (45.12, 45.17). Said water flow is then driven back through said pipe (45.19) to proceed with the process again.
Said heat exchangers (45.10) can also be steam generators if said water circuit (45.7) drives steam towards a steam turbine. Said secondary or tertiary circuit (45.12, 45.17) comprises a pipe (45.12) which drives the fluid through said heat exchanger (45.16) to collect the heat from the primary water circuit (45.7), before leaving said heat exchanger (45.16) through another pipe (45.17). Both circuits (45.7, 45.12) are always separate from each other, although flowing through the same heat exchanger (45.16). Said heat exchanger (45.16) can also be a steam generator if steam is generated in the secondary or tertiary water circuit (45.17). Said water circuit (45.7) does not need to be driven through said heat exchanger
133 (45.16) if said heat exchangers (45.10) under said tower mast structures (45.11) already function as steam generators (45.10).
Said tower mast structures (45.11) comprise horizontally projecting members (45.3) which connect at both sides to sustain a perpendicularly projecting horizontal member (45.4) at each side. Said perpendicular projecting horizontal members (45.4) sustain the static and dynamic mirrors (45.4), as well as the rear positioned counterweight and safety shield (45.2). Each of said tower mast structures comprises said architecture, such that the light rays can be driven from mirror (45.5) to mirror (45.5) without having the sustaining members (45.3, 45.4) as obstacles on the middle of the light rays’ path.
During very cloudy times or during night or dark hours, the energy storage circuit supplies heat to the heat exchangers or steam generators (45.10). Said pumps (45.9, 45.20) drive energy storage fluid through said heat exchangers or steam generators (45.10) continuously. The heat transferred to said heat exchangers or steam generators (45.10) is transferred to the water circuit pipes (45.23) which are driven through said heat exchangers or steam generators (45.10). So, during night hours or dark hours, said energy storage tank (45.22) supplies the heat stored inside said tank (45.22) to the water circuit (45.7). Said design hence allows said power station to constantly generate electricity, whether functioning during day hours or dark hours, hence maximising efficiency and making said power station a totally environmentally friendly and reliable source of power generation.
Said power stations can also comprise a heat exchanger or steam generator (46.6) being comprised beside the heat exchangers (46.10) which are comprised under the tower mast structures (46.11). Said system would hence comprise an energy storage tank (46.27) which stores the heat energy for the dark or night hours. A pipe (46.26) drives energy storage fluid out of said tank (46.27). A pump (46.25) drives said energy storage fluid through a
134 distribution pipe (46.14), which distributes said energy storage fluid through a plurality of perpendicular projecting pipes (46.28). A pump (46.1) can be comprised through each of said perpendicular projecting pipes (46.28) in order to guarantee the steady flow of energy storage fluid. Said energy storage fluid should preferably be molten salt, synthetic oil or pressurised steam.
Each of said separate pipes (46.28) drives energy storage fluid through the heat exchanger (46.10) , which is comprised under a tower mast structure (46.11). Each tower mast structure (46.11) is positioned over a heat exchanger (46.10). Each heat exchanger (46.10) is positioned through a separate energy storage fluid pipe (46.28), such that said fluid can collect the heat transferred by the solar rays. Said separate perpendicular projecting pipes (46.28) then drive said energy storage fluid through a heat exchanger or steam generator (46.6), through which said energy storage fluid transfers heat to the water pipes (46.19,
46.12). Said heat exchangers (46.6) can function as steam generators (46.6) if the water flowing through the water pipes (46.19, 46.12) convert into steam when being driven through said heat exchangers or steam generators (46.6).
Said energy storage fluid is driven away from said heat exchangers or steam generators (46.6) by the means of pipes (46.7). Each of said pipes (46.7) drives said energy storage fluid to a collection pipe (46.23), which drives said energy storage fluid back to the energy storage tank (46.27), where the collected heat energy is being stored for the dark or night hours.
The water circuit (46.24) comprises a pipe (46.24) which drives water to a pump (46.22). Said pump (46.22) drives water through a distribution pipe (46.21). Said distribution pipe distributes water through separate pipes (46.19, 46.12). Each separate pipe (46.12, 46.19) can comprise a pump (46.13, 46.18) in order to guarantee the steady flow of water through said pipes (46.12, 46.19). Said pipes (46.12, 46.19) drive water through the heat exchangers or
135 steam generators (46.6) in order for said water to collect the heat transferred by said energy storage fluid through the energy storage fluid pipes (46.28). Said water can stay liquid, or convert into steam, hence making said heat exchangers (46.6) function as steam generators (46.6).
After said process, a collection pipe (46.16) collects the water from all heat exchangers or steam generators (46.6), and drives said water towards a single pipe (46.8), which drives said water through a heat exchanger or steam generator (46.17). Said water transfers heat to a secondary or tertiary circuit (46.9, 46.20) when being driven through said heat exchanger or steam generator (46.17). After flowing through said heat exchanger or steam generator (46.17), said water is driven back through said pipe (46.24) towards the pump (46.22), hence restarting the entire process again.
Said tower mast structures (46.11) are positioned in a linear pattern on the surface of the ground or vessel on which these (46.11) are positioned on. If said heat exchangers (46.6) function as steam generators (46.6) such that the heat of the energy storage fluid converts water into steam, said next heat exchanger or steam generator (46.17) is not required to be present on the system. This is because said water would already drive one or more steam turbines when being in the gaseous steam state. However, if the water does not convert into steam through said separate pipes (46.12, 46.19) when being driven through said heat exchangers or steam generators (46.6), said water remains in a liquid state, and so, said heat exchanger or steam generator (46.17) is required to make part of the water flow circuit’s (46.8) system. Said secondary or tertiary circuit (46.9, 46.20) should preferably be a water circuit. Said secondary or tertiary circuit (46.9, 46.20) comprises a pipe (46.9) which drives the fluid through said heat exchanger or steam generator (46.17), and another pipe (46.20) which drives said fluid away from said heat exchanger or steam generator (46.17). Said water circuit (46.8) and secondary or tertiary circuit (46.9) remain separate at all times, although
136 flowing through the same heat exchanger or steam generator (46.17). Said water flowing through said secondary or tertiary circuit (46.9, 46.20) can convert into steam when flowing through said heat exchanger or steam generator (46.17), hence making said heat exchanger (46.17) function as a steam generator (46.17).
Said tower mast structures (47.12) can also be comprised on the heat exchangers or steam generators (47.11) which transfers heat to the energy storage fluid that flows along the heat collection pipes (47.3), such that a primary or secondary water circuit (47.10) then allows heat to be transferred to the flowing water by the means of a heat exchanger (47.13), which is shared between said water pipe (47.10) and said energy storage fluid evacuation pipe (47.8).
Said system comprises an energy storage fluid tank (47.17), from which a pipe (47.16) drives fluid, driving by a pump (47.15), to a distribution pipe (47.1), which distributes fluid to a plurality of fluid heat collection pipes (47.3). On each of said pipes (47.3), a pump (47.2) drives fluid through each of said pipes (47.3), which drives fluid through a heat exchanger or steam generator (47.11), which is each comprised under a tower mast structure (47.12), and through which one of said pipes (47.3) drive energy storage fluid through each heat exchanger (47.11) to collect heat. A collection pipe (47.9) then collects the fluid from said heat collection pipes (47.3), and drives said fluid through a single pipe (47.8) which drives said energy storage fluid through a heat exchanger or steam generator (47.13).
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (47.13) shares the primary or secondary water circuit pipe (47.10) and the energy storage fluid pipe (47.8), such that said water pipe’s flowing water, gets heated when flowing through said heat exchanger or steam generator (47.13). This is because the energy storage fluid transfers heat to said heat exchanger or steam generator (47.13), which transfers said heat to the water circuit (47.10). After said heat transfer, said water pipe (47.14) and said energy storage pipe (47.18) are driven to its required places. The
137 water pipe (47.14) is driven to a steam turbine, while the energy storage fluid pipe (47.18) is driven back to the energy storage fluid tank (47.17).
Said tower mast structures (48.3, 48.6, 48.12) can also be comprised on a floating structure (48.13) , which floats on water (48.1). Said structure (48.13) comprises a plurality of tower mast structures (48.3, 48.6, 48.12), which are comprised in a linear architecture (48.3, 48.6,
48.12). Said energy storage fluid tank (48.5) is comprised between said lower mast structure areas (48.3, 48.6). A tower structure (48.10) which comprises outer stairs (48.11) which guide to an upper door (48.9), are also comprised, hence allowing maintenance workers to enter into said structure (48.13) irrelevant of the tidal height. A door (48.8) is also comprised on said tower structure (48.10) for workers to use it if the tidal height is not too high. Said tower structure (48.10) can also be comprised between two mast structures (48.6, 48.12). Each tower mast structure (48.3, 48.6, 48.12) comprises a housing (48.2) at the bottom area, which houses all cables, wires and rotational actuation systems. A control housing (48.4) houses the control handles, which workers can access through a separate door (48.7).
Said floating structure (48.13) is sustained by a set of tensioned stressed wires (48.19), which should be made of a metallic material, preferably steel, and which connect to pods (48.20) which are inserted into the ground of the bed (48.21). Floating members (48.14) are positioned at the bottom of said structure (48.13), and maximise the floating buoyancy of said structure (48.13) by exerting an upper force on said structure (48.13), hence maximising stability when unstable weather is present. Said floating members (48.14) are air filled chambers. A staircase (48.17) connects the water level (48.1) to any point up the structure’s (48.13) main body. The pipes present (48.15, 48.16, 48.18) drive electricity, hydrogen fuel and hot desalinated water separately through each of said separate pipes (48.15, 48.16,
48.18), to shore.
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Said floating structure (49.13) can also be sustained at the required position by a set of vertical members (49.19), which connect the bed (49.20) to the bottom of said floating structure (49.13). The floating air filled chambers (49.14) can still be present in order to maximise the upward buoyancy of the floating structure (49.13). The pipes (49.15, 49.16,
49.18) drive hot desalinated water, hydrogen fuel and electricity separately to shore. A staircase (49.17) connects any height point of said floating structure (49.13) to the water level (49.1), for maintenance workers to have easy access to the floating structure (49.13) and said tower mast structures (49.3, 49.6, 49.12).
A bottom positioned housing (49.2) comprises the rotational parts, which are controlled from a control room (49.4) for each mast structure (49.3, 49.6, 49.12), which includes a door (49.7) for maintenance worker access. The energy storage fluid tank (49.5) and the tower structure (49.10) , are comprised between said mast structures (49.3, 49.6, 49.12). Said tower structure (49.10) comprises a staircase (49.11) with an upper access door (49.9), as well as a lower access door (49.8).
Said floating structure (50.13) can also be comprised under the water surface (50.1). The energy storage fluid tank (50.5) and the tower structure (50.9) are comprised between the tower mast structures (50.2, 50.6, 50.12). The top access door (50.10) of the tower mast structure (50.9) is always comprised over the water surface (50.1). The lower entry door (50.8) is in this case comprised under the water surface, for at least most of the time. A staircase (50.11, 50.19) is comprised on the tower structure (50.9) and laterally along the body (50.19) of the floating structure (50.13). A housing (50.3) is comprised under each tower mast structure (50.2, 50.6, 50.12). A control housing (50.4) comprises the handles housed inside, and comprises a separate access door (50.7) for each control housing (50.4). The housings (50.3) comprises seals which seal the interiors of said housings (50.3) from the water.
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Said floating structure (50.13) is sustained by a set of stressed tensioned wires (50.20), which attach said bottom of said floating structure (50.13) to pods (50.21), which are attached to the bed (50.17). Floating tanks (50.16) are comprised to maximise the floating buoyancy of the floating structure (50.13) by applying an upward force, such that no movements are present in the case of unsteady weather. Separate pipes (50.14, 50.16, 50.18) drive electricity, hot desalinated water and hydrogen fuel to shore separately through each pipe (50.14, 50.16,
50.18). Said design is ideal for a power generation system which minimises visual pollution of the landscape by comprising only the tower masts (50.2, 50.6, 50.12) and the access tower structure passing over the water surface level (50.1), hence making this design ideal for offshore power generation system applications.
Said system can also comprise vertically projecting members (51.19) which attach the bottom of the floating structure (51.13) to the bed (51.20). Floating tanks 951.16) can still be comprised if the buoyancy needs to be increased. Separate pipes (51.14, 51.15, 51.17) drive hydrogen fuel, hot desalinated water and electricity separately to shore. A staircase (51.18) is comprised at the side of the floating body structure (51.13). The energy storage fluid tank (51.5) and tower access structure (51.9) are comprised between said tower mast structures (51.2, 51.6, 51.12). Said tower mast structures (51.2, 51.6, 51.12) and said tower access structure (51.9) are the only members which reach the water level surface (51.1).
The staircase (51.11) of said tower structure (51.9) allows maintenance workers to access said floating structure (51.13) by a top positioned door (51.10) at all times. The lower access door (51.8) can also be used for access if the water level decreases below said door (51.8). The water sealed housings (51.3), house the actuation systems, controlled by a set of automated or manually actuated handles, which are housed in a control housing (51.4) for each tower mast structure (51.2, 51.6, 51.12). An access door (51.7) is also comprised on said control housing (51.4).
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Said system can also comprised said energy storage fluid tank (52.5) and said desalinated water or hydrogen fuel tank (52.8) on the same floating structure (52.22), and hence being comprised between said tower mast structures (52.3, 52.6, 52.9). Said floating structure (52.22) is comprised floating, but being supported by steel wires (52.19), which attach the bottom of said floating structure (52.22) to pods (52.20), which are attached to the bed (52.21) . Floating tanks (52.17) ensure that the buoyancy is maximised, hence avoiding movements in the case of unruly water.
A staircase (52.14) on the side of said floating structure (52.22) allows maintenance workers to access said structure at any time from the water level surface (52.1). Said housings (52.2,
52.4) house the actuation and control systems of each tower mast structure (52.3, 52.6, 52.9) and comprise an access door (52.7) for each control room (52.4). Said tower structure (52.11) is comprised over said set of stairs (52.14), and should preferably be comprised at the edge of the main structure (52.22) in this case. Said tower structure’s (52.11) staircase (52.13) allows easy access to an upper door (52.12) for maintenance worker access at all times. A lower door (52.10) along the upper surface of said floating structure (52.22), is also comprised.
Said system can also be comprised offshore, but with said floating structure (53.1) being sustained by vertically projecting members (53.21) which attach said bottom area of said structure (53.1) to said bed (53.22), which is comprised under the water level (53.20). In this design, said structure (53.1) is comprised over the water surface level (53.20) and is sustained by said vertical members (53.21). A vertical set of stairs (53.160 is comprised at the side of said structure (53.1) and connects the upper surface of said structure (53.1) with the bed (53.22) , such that maintenance workers can access the structure at any time, whether the water level (53.20) is high or low.
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Another set of vertical stairs (53.15) is comprised on a tower structure (53.13) which connects the bottom of said main structure (53.1) to the lowest possible water level point at the lowest tide height, which is where said set of stairs (53.15) ends, and an entry door (53.17) is also comprised at said point. An upper entry door (53.14) is comprised at the top of said tower structure (53.13), and so under the surface of said main structure (53.1). Said main structure (53.1) comprises all power generation equipment, heat exchangers, steam generators and desalination systems, as well as hydrogen separation systems, which separate hydrogen from oxygen by taking flowing water.
A set of floating tanks (53.18) is comprised under said main structure (53.1) in case that the floating buoyancy should be increased. Separate pipes (53.11, 53.12, 53.19) supply hydrogen fuel, hot desalinated water and electricity to shore separately from said structure (53.1). Said tower mast structures (53.3, 53.6, 53.10) supply the concentrated light rays, while the actuation and controlling systems are housed in housings (53.2, 53.4), which comprises an entry door (53.7) at each control area of each of said housings (53.2). An entry door (53.9) is also comprised through the desalination water tank or hydrogen fuel tank (53.8) at the top of the large set of stairs (53.16) for maintenance workers of said tank (53.9) to get access to it (53.9). The energy storage fluid tank (53.5) is comprised between said tower mast structures (53.3, 53.6, 53.10), as is the desalinated water or hydrogen fuel tank (53.8).
Said system can also comprise a set of tower mast structures (54.3, 54.6, 54.9) which are comprised as on Figure 52, but with vertically projecting members (54.16) which connect the lower surface of said main floating structure (54.14) to the bed (54.19). Floating tanks (54.15) can also be comprised at the bottom of said main structure (54.14) if the floating buoyancy of said main structure (54.14) should be increased, or decreased if said main structure (54.14) should be moved or transferred. Separate pipes (54.17, 54.18, 54.21) supply desalinate hot water, hydrogen fuel and electricity separately to shore. Said main structure (54.14) is
142 comprised on said water level surface (54.1). A vertical set of stairs (54.20) is comprised along the side of said main structure (54.14). This ensures that maintenance workers can access the upper surface of said main structure (54.14) from any tidal height point.
Said energy storage fluid tank (54.5) and hydrogen fuel or desalinated water storage tank (54.8) is comprised between said tower mast structures (54.3, 54.6, 54.9). Said sealed housings (54.2) connect to closed control areas (54.4) for each tower mast structure (54.3,
54.6, 54.9), which comprises an entry door (54.7) for each control area (54.4). The tower structure (54.11) should preferably be comprised at the end of said main structure (54.14), and naturally over the surface of said main structure (54.14). A set of vertical stairs (54.13) is comprised on said tower structure (54.11), which connect perfectly to the lower set of stairs (54.20), to allow maximum ease of access to maintenance workers. An upper access door (54.12) is comprised on said tower structure (54.11), as well as a lower entry door (54.10), which is comprised along the upper surface of said main structure (54.14).
Said system can also comprise the control wires being housed in separate housings (55.11,
55.12) for each of the tower mast structures (55.3, 55.5, 55.7), which allow said actuation wires to be controlled from a single control area (55.13) for all tower mast structures (55.3,
55.5, 55.7) simultaneously. This reduces maintenance worker time, and reduces the number of control areas used (55.13, hence minimising the surface space used. Said system design hence facilitates supervision and control of the entire system for maintenance workers. An access door (55.14) is comprised at said control area. Said tanks (55.4, 55.6) are comprised between said tower mast structures (55.3, 55.5, 55.7). Said systems are all comprised on said main structure (55.1), which can be offshore or onshore.
Said housings (55.2) comprise the rotational actuation systems for each tower mast structure (55.3, 55.5, 55.7), which drive said wires to the central control area (55.13). Said tower
143 structure (55.8) comprises a set of vertical stairs (55.10) and a top access door (55.9), as well as a lower access door (55.15). A lower connecting set of vertical stairs (55.16) connects the upper surface of said main structure (55.1) to the lowest point of access for said maintenance workers. One of each of said set of tower mast structures (55.3, 55.5, 55.7) can accomplish a separate task on the same system for the requirements of users. One (55.3, 55.5, 55.7) can separate hydrogen from oxygen, one (55.3, 55.5, 55.7) can supply light in various directions to gaseous flowing hydrogen to liquefy it by the laser cooling process, and one (55.3, 55.5,
55.7) can evaporate water for the desalination process of water, as well as to supply steam to a steam turbine in order to generate electricity. It all depends on the requirements of users or customers.
Said tower masts structures (56.1) can also be comprised as a plurality of tower mast structures (56.1), which are comprised along a linear side by side pattern, and in which the light rays are driven through pipes (56.6, 56.10, 56.13) to a heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7). Said system comprises said tower mast structures (56.1) being comprised one by side on a linear geometrised pattern (56.1). Said vertical light driving pipes (56.2) drive light rays to lower follow up vertical light driving pipes (56.3), which is reflected by flat mirrors (56.9), which should preferably be inclined at 45 degrees. Said light driving pipes (56.10), drive light rays from said flat mirrors (56.9).
Said pipes (56.3, 56.10) are fully separate, from said vertical follow up pipes (56.3) to said horizontally projecting light driving pipes (56.10). Said horizontally projecting light driving pipes (56.10) should preferably project horizontally, as these (56.10) drive light rays to another set of flat reflection mirrors (56.14). Said flat reflection mirrors (56.14) drive light rays through separate pipes (56.13) which project vertically upwards, to another set of flat reflection mirrors (56.5) which reflects said light rays and drives these separately through separate horizontally projecting pipes (56.6) to a heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7).
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Said heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7) is comprised being housed into the energy storage fluid tank (56.8), in order to transfer the heat of said light rays to said energy storage fluid. A primary circuit pipe (56.15), which can be an energy storage fluid pipe (56.15) or a primary circuit water pipe (56.15), is driven through said heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7) for said pipe fluid to collect heat for power generation applications.
Said system design allows the tower mast structures (56.1) to heat a heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7) without the need of circuit pipes and many more components, with said pipes (56.6, 56.3, 56.10, 56.13) driving light rays straight to a single heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7), which simultaneously transfers heat to said energy storage fluid tank (56.8) and to said primary circuit (56.15). Said designs hence reduce the number of components, including pipes, heat exchangers and pumps, by an enormous amount, hence considerably saving building and maintenance costs for the power generation system concerned.
Said flat reflection mirrors (56.5, 56.9, 56.14) should be preferably inclined at 45 degrees at all points along the pipe circuits (56.6, 56.3, 56.10, 56.13). Said primary circuit (56.15) comprises a pipe (56.11) which drives fluid to a pump (56.12), which pumps said fluid through said pipe (56.15) and through said heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7), before being driven away from said heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7) through a follow up pipe (56.16) for power generation applications. Said heated fluid will drive a steam turbine, or be transferred to a secondary water circuit to drive in turn a steam turbine.
Said tower mast structures (57.1) can be arranged in parallel projecting linear patterns (57.1), and comprises flat reflection mirrors (57.2) being positioned under each of said mast structures (57.1). A linear projecting conduit (57.6) is positioned under each set of tower mast structures (57.1). Said set of tower mast structures (57.1) should be comprised in a linear pattern in order for said conduits (57.6) to project easily in a fully linear direction. Said
145 conduits (57.6) can be comprised one (57.6) beside the other (57.6), hence comprising all conduits (57.6) projecting in parallel to each other (57.6), with said tower mast structures (57.1) being comprised in linear patterns, such that each of said conduits (57.6) comprises a lined set of tower mast structures (57.1) being positioned adjacent the one (57.1) to the other (57.1) .
Said flat reflection mirrors (57.2) reflect the concentred light rays towards a horizontal direction along said conduit (57.6), which is parallel to the direction of projection of said set of at least one conduit (57.6). Plano concave mirrors (57.4) are comprised in front of said side reflection mirrors (57.2) for each tower mast structure’s (57.1) case. Said Plano concave mirrors (57.4) concentrate the incoming light rays to Plano convex mirrors (57.3) for each tower mast structure’s (57.1) case. Said Plano convex mirrors (57.3) reflects said light rays to a set of flat reflection mirrors (57.5), which adjust the position of projection of said light rays, such as these are not driven through the flat reflection mirror (57.2) which is comprised under the next tower mast structure (57.1). Said design is present along all conduits (57.6) and for each tower mast structure (57.1) being comprised. Said conduits (57.6) should be comprised as at least one conduit, and preferably two or more parallel projecting conduits (57.6), which are positioned one (57.6) beside the other (57.6).
At the end of said conduits (57.6), a flat reflection mirror (57.7, 57.9) reflects the incoming concentrated light rays, and drives these in parallel to each other along a conduit (57.8) which projects perpendicularly to said sets of light ray collection conduits (57.6). Said perpendicularly projecting conduits (57.8) project from both sides in opposite directions towards a central point, where flat reflection mirrors (57.10) are comprised on each side, to drive said light rays perpendicularly again through the original direction. A concave mirror (57.12) is comprised in front of said light rays, which reflects these and concentrates these towards a convex mirror (57.11). The light rays of a conduit (57.6) comprised in front of said
146 concave mirror (57.12), are driven under said convex mirror (57.11), prior of being driven to said convex mirror (57.11). Said convex mirror (57.11) finally drives said light rays through the light concentration conduit (57.13), to a flat reflection mirror (57.14). Said flat reflection mirror (57.14) drives said light rays to a heat exchanger or steam generator (57.19). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (57.19) is comprised into said energy storage fluid tank (57.18)
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (57.19) simultaneously transfers heat to said tank (57.18) and to a primary circuit pipe (57.17), which can comprise energy storage fluid or water. Said fluid is driven through said pipe (57.17) by a pump (57.15) through said heat exchanger or steam generator (57.19), before being driven away through a follow up pipe (57.16) in a heated state. Said superheated fluid is then used for power generation applications.
Said flat reflection mirrors (57.7, 57.9, 57.10, 57.14) should preferably be inclined at 45 degrees to the directions of the incoming and reflected light rays for ease of light driving conduit design, and to minimise the space used. Said second reflection mirror (57.9) is as inclined as the first one (57.7), preferably at 45 degrees to said light rays directions of projection, but its (57.9) length is much shorter than that of the first reflection mirror (57.7), as it (57.9) has to allow the light rays reflected by the first reflection mirror (57.7) to be driven beside said second reflection mirror (57.9).
Said power generation system can also comprise a heat exchanger or steam generator (58.4), to which said flat reflection mirror (58.3) reflects the light rays to. Said heat exchanger or steam generator (58.4) transfers heat to both the primary water circuit (58.9) and the energy storage fluid circuit (58.7) simultaneously by passing through the same heat exchanger or steam generator (58.4), although both pipes (58.7, 58.9) remain separate at all times. The energy storage fluid should be preferably synthetic oil, molten salt or pressurised steam. The
147 primary circuit fluid is driven by a pump (58.8) through said pipe (58.9) and hence through said heat exchanger or steam generator (58.4) before being driven away through the exit pipe (58.6) for power generation applications. The energy storage fluid is driven by a pump (58.2) from said energy storage fluid tank (58.1) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (58.4) by said pipe (58.7), before the exit pipe (58.5) drives said fluid by to said energy storage fluid tank (58.1).
The advantage of using a simultaneous use heat exchangers or steam generators (58.4) is that when the concentrated light rays heat said heat exchanger or steam generator (58.4), the primary circuit (58.9) fluid and the energy storage circuit (58.7) fluid, are heated simultaneously, hence supplying heat to said energy storage fluid tank (58.1) while supplying heat to the primary circuit. However, if less light or an operational failure of the concentrated light rays is present, said primary circuit will continue to be heated due to the constant flow of energy storage fluid through the same heat exchanger or steam generator (58.4). Said energy storage fluid will hence operate in the dark hours mode for this case, hence transferring heat to the primary circuit (58.9) through said heat exchanger or steam generator (58.4), without the need of light rays being present.
Such a design can also be seen on Figures 36, 37, 38, 39, 45 and 46, where the heat exchangers or steam generators (45.10, 46.6) are shared between the primary circuit (45.23,
46.19) and the energy storage fluid circuit (45.6, 46.28). Such designs can also be seen on Figures 36 to 39, where the heat exchangers or steam generators (36.2, 37.2, 38.3, 39.3) are shared between the primary circuit (36.3, 37.3, 38.4, 39.4) and the energy storage fluid circuit (36.4, 37.4, 38.5, 39.5). In the dark hours mode, said primary heat exchangers (38.2, 39.2,
46.10, 47.11) are not used, as these are only used to transfer heat from the light rays to the energy storage fluid.
148
An automated computer can be used to control the pumps 45.1, 45.18, 46.18, 46.22, 58.8) of the primary circuit (36.3, 37.3, 38.4, 39.4, 45.23, 46.19, 47.3, 58.9) in order for the required heat to be transferred to the water of the primary circuit (36.3, 37.3, 38.4, 39.4, 45.23, 46.19,
47.3, 58.9) when flowing through said heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2, 37.2, 38.3,
39.3, 45.10, 46.6, 58.4), as a function of the temperature of the energy storage fluid in said energy storage circuit (36.4, 37.4, 38.5, 39.5, 45.6, 46.7, 58.7). Alternatively, the pumps (36.5, 37.5, 38.6, 39.6, 45.9, 45.20, 46.1, 46.25, 47.2, 47.15, 58.2) of said energy storage fluid circuit (36.4, 37.4, 38.5, 39.5, 45.6, 46.7, 58.7) can be also controlled such that the primary circuit (36.3, 37.3, 38.4, 39.4, 45.23, 46.19, 47.3, 58.9) is constantly supplied with the required heat. This process can be controlled automatically by a computer control system.
Such a design is hence a very reliable and fail safe design, as the primary circuit (36.3, 37.3,
38.4, 39.4, 45.23, 46.19, 47.3, 58.9) will be continuously heated, weather the solar ray concentrators (57.1) experience a failure or not, hence meaning that said heat exchangers or steam generators (36.2, 37.2, 38.3, 39.3, 45.10, 46.6, 58.4) will constantly transfer heat to the energy storage fluid circuit (36.4, 37.4, 38.5, 39.5, 45.6, 46.7, 58.7). This means that no power cuts should happen if the there is a failure to the solar light ray concentration systems, or to the sets of tower mast structures (57.1).
A set of flat reflection mirrors (59.2, 59.4) is comprised in front of said flat reflection mirrors (59.1, 59.3), such that in front of each flat reflection mirror (59.1, 59.3), a set of flat reflection mirrors (59.2, 59.4) is comprised in order to adjust the position of projection of said light rays. Said design will avoid said light rays of projecting through the next flat reflection mirror (59.3), as said light rays will be driven above or under said flat reflection mirror (59.3). Said design hence allows said flat reflection mirrors (59.1, 59.3) to have the same length or be comprised across the entire conduit (57.8). Each of said conduits (57.8) drives the final light rays to a different height from said last flat reflection mirrors (59.4), such that flat reflection
149 mirrors (59.5), reflect the light rays to a Plano concave mirror (59.7), which concentrates said light rays to a Plano convex mirror (59.6).
A set of flat reflection mirrors (59.8) changes the direction of projection of said light rays, prior of being reflected by a flat reflection mirror (59.9) to the heat exchanger or steam generator (57.19, 58.4). Said flat reflection mirrors (59.5) are positioned one (59.5) above the other (59.5). Said flat reflection mirrors (59.1, 59.3, 59.5, 59.9) should be preferably inclined at 45 degrees to the directions of the light rays to maximise ease of conduit design, and minimise the space being used. Said main conduit (59.10) comprises said Plano concave mirror (59.7), said Plano convex mirror (59.6) and said set of flat reflection mirrors (59.8). Said final conduit (59.11) drives said light rays from said flat reflection mirror (59.9) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (57.19, 58.4).
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (58.4) can also be comprised in a position in which said flat reflection mirror (60.4) drives light rays to heat said heat exchanger or steam generator (60.6) through said final light driving pipe (60.5), but which supplies heat to both primary circuit (60.10) and energy storage fluid circuit (60.3) simultaneously. In this system, the primary circuit fluid is driven by a pump (60.9) through a pipe (60.10) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (60.6) and exits it (60.6) in a superheated state through the exit pipe (60.8) for power generation applications. Simultaneously, the energy storage fluid is driven from said energy storage fluid tank (60.1) by a pump (60.2) through a pipe (60.3) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (60.6), where said energy storage fluid is heated prior of being driven back to said tank (60.1) by an exit pipe (60.7).
This design allows the multifunctional usage of the heat exchanger or steam generator (60.6), as it (60.6) can be used for heat transfer from said light rays to said pipes (60.3, 60.10), or to
150 transfer heat from said energy storage fluid pipe (60.3) to said primary circuit pipe (60.10) in dark hour periods, or in periods of inoperative solar ray concentration systems.
Said perpendicular projecting conduits (57.8) of said system, can comprise a Plano concave mirror (61.3) being comprised in front of the last flat collection mirror (59.3), such that it (61.3) reflects and concentrates the incoming light rays to a Plano convex mirror (61.1), which in turn drives the light rays over said Plano concave mirror (61.3) to a set of adjusting flat reflection mirrors (61.4). Said flat reflection mirrors (61.4) adjust the position of projection of said light rays, such that said central flat reflection mirrors (59.5) can reflect the light rays of both oppositely projecting conduits (57.8) by being comprised one (59.5) over the other (59.5).
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (62.6) can also be comprised with said flat mirror (62.4) supplying heat via said final light driving pipe (62.5) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (62.6). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (62.6) can comprise the primary circuit pipe (62.10) and the energy storage fluid pipe (62.3) flowing through it (62.6), hence transferring the heat from the light rays simultaneously to both pipes (62.3, 62.10). The primary circuit fluid is driven by a pump (62.9) through a pipe (62.10) through the heat exchanger or steam generator (62.6) before exiting in a superheated state through the exit pipe (62.8). The energy storage fluid is driven by a pump (62.2) from the tank (62.1) through a pipe (62.3) to the heat exchanger or steam generator (62.6), before being driven by said exit pipe (62.7) back to the tank (62.1) in a superheated state.
Said flat reflection mirrors (63.1, 63.3) reflect the light rays from said light collecting conduits (57.6) into said perpendicular light driving conduits (57.8). Said sets of flat reflection mirrors (63.2, 63.6) adjust the direction of projection of said light rays, such that no light rays are driven through any obstacle present through said conduits (57.8). A concave
151 mirror (63.5) reflects and concentrates said light rays towards a convex mirror (63.4), which drives said light rays towards said set of flat reflection mirrors (63.6) for the position of projection adjustment.
Said flat reflection mirrors (63.8) can hence be comprised one (63.8) over the other (63.8), and reflect said light rays simultaneously. Said final flat reflection mirror (63.7) drives the light rays through the final light driving conduit (63.9) to the heat exchanger or steam generator (62.6). Said concave (63.5) and convex (63.4) mirror arrangements guarantee that the light rays will be driven in a coherent and circular cross-sectioned area light ray towards said flat reflection mirrors (63.8), hence decreasing the cross-sectional area required to drive said light rays through the last conduits (59.10, 63.9).
Said system design can also comprise the heat exchanger or steam generator (64.6) being configured such that both the primary circuit pipe (64.10) and the energy storage fluid conduit pipe (64.3) are driven through said heat exchanger or steam generator (64.6). Said design. This design allows the light rays to supply heat to both pipes (64.3, 64.10) simultaneously through said heat exchanger or steam generator (64.6). Alternatively, said energy storage fluid can transfer heat to the primary circuit (64.10) through said heat exchanger or steam generator (64.6) during maintenance works, or dark hours. Said final flat reflection mirror (64.4) drives said light rays through the final light driving pipe (64.5) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (64.6).
The primary circuit (64.10) comprises a pump (64.9) which drives said primary circuit fluid through a pipe (64.10) through said heat exchanger or steam generator (64.6), which exits in a superheated state through an exit pipe (64.8). The energy storage fluid circuit (64.3) comprises a pump (64.2) which drives fluid for said tank (64.1) to said heat exchanger or
152 steam generator (64.6) through a pipe (64.3). The exit pipe (64.7) drives said fluid back to said energy storage fluid tank (64.1).
Said system can comprise said sets of flat reflection mirrors (65.2, 65.6) which are comprised between said flat reflection mirrors (65.1, 65.3). Said mirrors (65.1, 65.2, 65.3, 65.6) are comprised in said perpendicular projecting conduit (57.8). A Plano concave mirror (65.5) is comprised in front of the least flat reflection mirror (65.3). Said Plano concave mirror (65.5) drives light rays to Plano convex mirror (65.4), which in turn drives said light rays to a set of adjusting mirrors (65.6), which adjusts the position of projection of the light rays before driving said light rays to the main reflection mirrors (65.7).
Said main flat reflection mirrors (65.7) are comprised at each side of the central light driving conduit (59.10) in order to allow the light rays of the oppositely positioned light driving conduit (57.6), to be driving beside said flat mirrors (65.7). Said central light driving conduit (59.10) comprises a concave mirror (65.9) which drives and concentrates the incoming light rays to a convex mirror (65.8). Said convex mirror (65.8) drives light rays to a flat reflection mirror (65.10), which drives said light rays through the final light driving conduit (65.11) to the heat exchanger or steam generator (64.6). Said design allows said light rays to be comprised in a very compact cross-sectional area when reaching to said heat exchanger or steam generator (64.6), hence minimising the cross-sectional are required by the final light ray driving conduit (65.11).
Said system can comprise said heat exchanger or steam generator (66.6), comprising both primary circuit (66.10) and energy storage fluid pipes (66.3) being driven through said heat exchanger or steam generator (66.6). Said final flat reflection mirror (66.4) drives the concentrated light rays through the final light driving pipe (66.5) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (66.6). Said primary circuit pipe (66.10) comprises the primary circuit fluid,
153 which is driven by a pump (66.9) through said pipe (66.10) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (66.6). Said exit pipe (66.7) drives said fluid out of said heat exchanger or steam generator (66.6) in a superheated state for power generation applications. The energy storage fluid is driven by a pump (66.2) from the tank to the heat exchanger or steam generator (66.6) through a pipe (66.3). The exit pipe (66.8) drives the superheated energy storage fluid back to the energy storage fluid tank (66.1).
Said flat reflection mirrors (67.1, 67.3) can comprise lower lengths when one (67.3) is positioned inn front of the other (67.1) through said perpendicular light driving conduit (57.8), hence allowing said light rays to be driven beside said flat mirrors (67.3). However, said sets of flat adjusting mirrors (67.2, 67.7) can always be comprised to adjust the position of projection of said light rays. A concave mirror (67.5) can be comprised at the end of said conduit (57.8), to reflect and concentrate said light rays to a convex mirror (67.4), such that said convex mirror (67.4) drives said light rays to said flat reflection mirrors (67.6), and initially through said set of flat adjusting reflection mirrors (67.7) if the position of projection of said light rays requires any adjustment of height.
Said flat reflection mirrors (67.6) can drive light rays to a concave mirror (67.9), which reflects and concentrates still further said light rays to a convex mirror (67.8), which in turn drives said light rays through the central light driving pipe (67.10) to a flat reflection mirror (67.11). Said flat reflection mirror (67.11) drives said light rays to the heat exchanger or steam generator (66.6) through the final light driving conduit (67.12).
Said system can comprise said flat reflection mirror (68.3) driving light rays through said conduit (68.5) to a heat exchanger or steam generator (68.6), which transfers heat to said primary circuit (68.10) and said energy storage fluid (68.4) pipes simultaneously. Said primary circuit fluid is driven by a pump (68.9) through a primary circuit pipe (68.10), and
154 hence through the heat exchanger or steam generator (68.6), to drive said fluid through an exit pipe (68.8) for power generation applications. Said energy storage fluid is driven by a pump (68.2) from said tank (68.1) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (68.6) through said pipe (68.4). Said pipe (68.4) drives said fluid to an exit pipe (68.7) after passing through said heat exchanger or steam generator (68.6), and drives said fluid back to said energy storage fluid tank (68.1) in a superheated state. Said energy storage fluid can be synthetic oil, molten salt or pressurised steam.
Said system can comprise the flat reflection mirrors (69.1, 69.3) and the sets of flat reflection mirrors (69.2, 69.6) comprised in front of these (69.1, 69.3) through said perpendicular light driving conduit (57.8). Said concave mirror (69.5) concentrates light rays towards said convex mirror (69.4), which then drives said light rays through said conduit (57.8) to said flat reflection mirrors (69.9), and initially through said set of flat reflection mirrors (69.6) if the presence of these (69.6) is needed for any adjustments. Said flat reflection mirrors (69.9) finally drive said concentrated light rays through the central light driving conduit (69.7) to a flat reflection mirror (69.8), which drives said light rays through the final light driving conduit (69.10) to the heat exchanger or steam generator (68.6). Said design offers the advantage that the light rays will be more distributed, hence avoiding any damage to the heat exchanger or steam generator (68.6) if the light rays comprise a very high light intensity. Said system would also heat said heat exchanger or steam generator (68.6) more evenly, hence improving heat transfer efficiency.
The heat exchanger or steam generator (70.6) can be comprised with said flat reflection mirror (70.3) driving said concentrated light rays through said final light driving conduit (70.5) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (70.6), while said primary circuit (70.10) and energy storage fluid circuit (70.4) pipes, are driven simultaneously through said heat exchanger or steam generator (70.6). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (70.6) hence
155 transfers heat to said primary (70.10) and said energy storage fluid (70.4) circuits simultaneously. Said primary circuit (70.10) comprises a pump (70.9) which drives said primary circuit fluid through a pipe (70.10), which drives through said heat exchanger or steam generator (70.6), prior of being driven by an exit pipe (70.8) in a superheated state for power generation applications.
Said energy storage fluid pipe (70.4) comprises a pump (70.2) which drives fluid from said energy storage tank (70.1) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (70.6) through a pipe (70.4). An exit pipe (70.7) drives said energy storage fluid in a superheated state back to said energy storage fluid tank (70.1). Said energy storage fluid should preferably be molten salt, synthetic oil or pressurised steam.
Said central light driving conduit (71.3) can also comprise a Plano concave mirror (71.4) which is positioned perpendicularly inclined to said mirrors (67.8, 67.9) which could be comprised on said central light driving conduit (71.3), such that said Plano concave mirror partly faces said heat exchanger or steam generator (71.9), and partly faces said flat reflection mirrors (69.9). Said Plano concave mirror (71.4) reflects the incoming concentrated light rays which are driven through said central light driving conduit (71.4) by said flat reflection mirrors (69.9), and concentrates said light rays on said heat exchanger or steam generator (71.9), by driving these closer to each other through the final light driving conduit (71.7) until these reach the heat exchanger or steam generator (71.9). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (71.9) is reached by said light rays when these come near to the focal point of said Plano concave mirror (71.4).
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (71.9) is housed inside said energy storage fluid tank (71.8). Said primary circuit pipe (71.5) comprises a pipe (71.2) which comprises a pump (71.6), which drives fluid through said pipe (71.5) and drives it through said heat exchanger
156 or steam generator (71.9). An exit pipe (71.1) drives said fluid away from said heat exchanger or steam generator (71.9) in a superheated state. Said circuit (71.1, 71.2, 71.5) can either be the energy storage fluid circuit, or the primary water circuit.
Said central light ray driving conduit (72.4) drives light rays, which are reflected and concentrated by said Plano concave mirror (72.5) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (72.7) by driving these through said final light driving conduit (72.6). Said light rays are reflected by said central flat reflection mirrors (69.9) and driven through said central light driving conduit (72.4), and are also driven between said two flat reflection mirrors (69.9) from the light collection conduit (57.6) which is comprised opposite to said central light driving conduit (72.4).
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (72.7) transfers the heat from said light rays simultaneously to the primary (72.11) and energy storage (72.3) circuits. Alternatively, said heat exchanger or steam generator (72.7) can be used to transfer heat from said energy storage fluid circuit (72.3) to said primary water circuit (72.11) during times of maintenance or dark hours. The primary circuit (72.11) comprises a pump (72.10) which drives the primary circuit fluid through said pipe (72.11), and hence through said heat exchanger or steam generator (72.7) before being driven away by said exit pipe (72.9) for power generation applications. The energy storage fluid pipe (72.3) comprises a pump (72.2) which drives the fluid from said tank (72.1) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (72.7) through said pipe (72.3). Said fluid is then driven away through said exit pipe (72.8) and back to said energy storage fluid tank (72.1) in a superheated state.
Said final flat reflection mirror (73.29) reflects light rays to said heat exchanger or steam generator (73.34) through said final light driving pipe (73.30). Said light rays are initially driven through said central light driving pipe (73.28) to said flat reflection mirror (73.29).
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Said heat exchanger or steam generator (73.34) is comprised into said energy storage fluid tank (73.33). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (73.34) transfers the heat of said light rays to said primary circuit (73.31), such that a pump (73.32) drives the primary circuit fluid through a pipe (73.31) through said heat exchanger or steam generator (73.34), and drives said fluid out of said heat exchanger or steam generator (73.34) through the exit pipe (73.35).
Said main central light rays driving pipe (73.25) drives said light rays to a set of flat reflection mirrors (73.26, 73.27) and said central light driving pipe (73.28). One of said flat reflection mirrors (73.26) is driven through a pipe (73.5) to a flat reflection mirror (73.1), which drives said light rays through a pipe (73.2) to a heat exchanger or steam generator (73.4). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (73.4) is comprised into a pipe (73.3). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (73.4) can also comprise a flat lens (73.11). The pressure induced by said heat input from said heat exchanger or steam generator (73.34) converts the water into superheated steam. Said superheated steam is then separated into hydrogen and oxygen, such that hydrogen is driven through a filtering membrane (73.9), while oxygen is removed through another separate filtering membrane (73.10).
Said hydrogen fuel is being driven through a pipe (73.18) in a gaseous state, in which a transparent lens (73.15) is comprised on said pipe (83.18). Light rays which are driven from many directions, project through said lens (73.15) on said hydrogen gas, hence liquefying it by the laser cooling process. A flow valve (73.19) regulates the flow of liquid hydrogen after flowing under said lens (73.15). A pump (73.21) drives the liquid hydrogen through a pipe (73.20) to a hydrogen fuel storage tank (73.22). Said fuel is then driven from said tank (73.22) by a pump (73.24) through said pipe (73.23).
A second flat reflection mirror (73.27), reflects part of the light rays through a pipe (73.1), which drives said light rays to a flat reflection mirror (73.12), which drives said light rays
158 through another pipe (73.13), which drives said light rays to a set of flat reflection mirrors (73.6) . Said flat reflection mirrors (73.6) drive said light rays through separate pipes (73.7) to another set of flat reflection mirrors (73.16) comprised at the end of said pipes (73.7), which drive said light rays toward said transparent lens (73.15) through separate pipes (73.8). A centre pipe (73.14) drives light rays straight from the driving pipe (73.13) to said transparent lens (73.15).
Said central light driving pipe (74.1) drives light rays to a flat reflection mirror (74.2), which drives these through the final light driving pipe (74.3) to the heat exchanger or steam generator (74.9). Said heat exchanger or steam generator can supply heat simultaneously to both primary circuit (74.6) and energy storage fluid (74.10) pipes, hence acting as a simultaneous heat supplying system. Alternatively, said heat exchanger or steam generator (74.9) can supply heat form said energy storage fluid circuit (74.10) to said primary circuit (74.6) during maintenance or dark hours.
Said primary circuit (74.6) comprises a pump (74.7) which drives the primary circuit fluid through a pipe (74.6) through said heat exchanger or steam generator (74.9), to be driven away through the exit pipe (74.11) in a superheated state for power generation applications.
Said energy storage fluid circuit (74.5) comprises a pump (74.4) which drives said energy storage fluid through a pipe (74.5), and hence through said heat exchanger or steam generator (74.9) . After said energy storage fluid exit said heat exchanger or steam generator (74.9) in a superheated state, an exit pipe (74.10) drives said superheated fluid back to said energy storage fluid tank (74.8).
A concave mirror (75.5) can be comprised at the end of said final light driving conduit (75.9), which drives light rays to a side inclined convex mirror (75.7), which drive said light rays through said driving pipe (75.2) towards said flat reflection mirror (75.1). Said flat reflection
159 mirror (75.6) drives light rays through the other light driving pipe (73.5). Said concave mirror (75.5) is comprised opposite to said side inclined convex mirror (75.70 and said main central light driving pipe (73.25). A pump (75.3) drives the liquefied hydrogen fuel through a pipe (75.4), such that said pipe (75.4) drives said hydrogen fuel directly to said hydrogen storage tank (75.10). Said tank (75.10) stores hydrogen in a liquid state. A pump (75.12) then can drive said liquid hydrogen through a pipe (75.11) away from said tank (75.10), and drive it through a supply pipe (75.13) for fuel supply applications to cities, residential areas, harbours, ports, petrol stations, hydrogen fuelling stations, airports, airfields, railway stations or railway depots.
Said central light driving conduit (57.13, 59.10, 67.10, 69.7, 71.3, 72.4, 73.28, 74.1, 75.8) can comprise different types of light driving, concentrating and reflection configurations, with various types of architectures to be considered.
Said central flat light reflection mirrors (76. la) can drive light rays through said central light driving conduit (76.2a) to a concave mirror (76.4a), which drives and concentrates said light rays towards a convex mirror (76.3a). Said convex mirror (76.3a) in turn drives said light rays to a set of adjusting flat reflection mirrors (76.5a, 76.6a), which move the position of projection of said light rays downwards, such that said light rays can now be reflected by said final flat reflection light driving mirror (76.7a). Said concave mirror (76.4a) drives said light rays, such that said light rays reach said convex mirror (76.3a) before arriving to the focal point of said concave mirror (76.4a).
Said light rays can also be reflected by said central flat reflection mirror (76.1b), and be driven through said central light driving conduit (76.2b) to a concave mirror (76.4b) which is positioned such that it (76.4b) is sustained from the conduit’s (76.2b) top area. Said concave mirror (76.4b) drives and concentrates said light rays to a convex mirror (76.3b) which is
160 sustained from the conduit’s (76.2b) bottom floor. Said convex mirror (76.3b) drives said light rays to a set of flat adjusting reflection mirrors (76.5b, 76.6b), which move the position of projection of said light rays upwards, in order for said light rays to be finally reflected by said final flat light reflection mirror (76.7b). Said concave mirror (76.4b) drives said light rays, such that said light rays reach said convex mirror (76.3b) before reaching the focal point of said concave mirror (76.4b).
Said central flat reflection mirrors (76.1c) can reflect the light rays and drive these through the central light driving conduit (76.2c) to a concave mirror (76.4c), which drives and concentrates said light rays towards a concave mirror (76.3c), which then drives said light rays to a set of flat adjusting mirrors (76.5c, 76.6c), which move the position of projection of said light rays downwards, such that said light ray can then be driven towards said final flat light reflection mirrors (76.7c). Said concave mirror (76.4c) drives said light rays to the concave mirror (76.3c), such that said light rays reach said concave mirror (76.3c) after reaching the focal point of said concave mirror (76.4c).
Said central light reflection mirror (76. Id) can also drive light rays through the central light driving conduit (76.2d) to a concave mirror (76.4d), which is sustained from said conduit’s (76.2d) top surface, and which in turn drives and concentrates said light rays towards a concave mirror (76.3d) which is sustained from the bottom floor of said conduit (76.2d). Said light rays reach said concave mirror (76.3d) after reaching the focal point of said concave mirror (76.4d). Said light rays are then driven by said concave mirror (76.3d) to a set of flat reflection mirrors (76.5d, 76.6d), which move the position of projection of said light ray upwards, such that these are driven to the final flat reflection mirror (76.7d) for final light reflection.
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Said central flat reflection mirrors (76. le, 76.2e) can also be comprised one (76. le) over the other (76.2e) in order to reflect the incoming light rays, which project perpendicularly to said central light driving conduit (76.2e), and which project from the perpendicular light driving conduits (57.8) of both sides simultaneously into the central light driving conduit (76.3e).
Said light rays are driven to a Plano concave mirror (76.5e), which drives and concentrates said light rays to a Plano convex mirror (76.4e). Said light rays reach the surface of said Plano convex mirror (76.4e) before reaching the focal point of said Plano concave mirror (76.5e). Said light rays are driven to a set of flat reflection mirrors (76.6e, 76.7e), which move the position of projection of said light rays downwards. This allows said light rays to be driven to the final flat light reflection mirror (76.8e).
Said central flat light ray reflection mirrors (76. If, 76.2f) can be comprised one (76. If) over the other (76.2f) in order to reflect the comprising light rays from said perpendicular light driving conduits (57.8) simultaneously. Said light rays are hence driven through the central light driving conduit (76.3f) to a Plano concave mirror (76.5f) which is sustained from the conduit’s (76.3f) upper surface. Said mirror (76.5f) drives and concentrates light rays to a Plano convex mirror (76.4f) which is sustained on the lower surface of said conduit (76.3f).
Said mirror (76.4f) drives light rays to a set of flat 45 degree inclined adjusting mirrors (76.6f, 76.7f), which move the position of projection of said light rays upwards, such that these can be then reflected by the final flat light reflection mirror (76.8f). The Plano concave mirror (76.5f) drives the light rays towards said Plano convex mirror (76.4f), but said light rays reach the surface of said Plano convex mirror (76.4f) before reaching the focal point of said Plano concave mirror (76.5f).
Said central light flat reflection mirrors (76. lg, 76.2g) can be driven through the central light driving conduit (76.3g) towards a Plano concave mirror (76.5g) which is sustained from the top surface of said central light driving conduit (76.3g). Said Plano concave mirror (76.4g)
162 drives said light rays to a Plano concave mirror (76.4g). Said light rays reach the focal point of said Plano concave mirror (76.5g) before reaching the surface of said Plano concave mirror (76.4g). The initial Plano concave mirror (76.5g) which drives and concentrates said light rays towards the upper Plano concave mirror (76.4g), is sustained from the bottom surface of said central light driving conduit (76.3g). Said upper Plano concave mirror (76.4g) drives said light rays to a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (76.6g, 76.7g), which move the position of projection of said light rays downwards, such that said light rays can then be driven to and reflected by said final flat light reflection mirror (76.8g).
Said 45 degree inclined flat light reflection mirrors (76. lh, 76.2h) are comprised one (76. lh) over the other (76.2h), and drive said light rays through said central light driving conduit (76.3h) to a Plano concave mirror (76.5h). Said Plano concave mirror (76.5h) is sustained from the top surface of said central light driving conduit (76.3h), and concentrates said light rays to a Plano concave mirror (76.4h). Said light rays reach the focal point of said light concentrating Plano concave mirror (76.5h) before reaching the surface of said lower Plano concave mirror (76.4h). Said lower Plano concave mirror (76.4h) drives said light rays to a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (76.6h, 76.7h), in order move the position of projection of said light rays upwards, in order to allow said light rays to be driven to said final flat light reflection mirror (76.8h).
Said central flat reflection mirror (76. li) can also reflect and drive said light rays straight through the central light ray driving conduit (76.2i) towards said final flat light reflection mirror (76.3i).
Said central flat light reflection mirror (76. lj), can also drive said light rays to a flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirror (76.2j), and simultaneously also through said central light driving conduit (76.3j) to a concave mirror (76.5j). Said concave mirror (76.5j) is sustained to
163 the lower surface of said central light driving conduit (76.3j), and concentrates said light rays to a 45 degree side inclined convex mirror (76.4j), which drives said light rays laterally. Both said flat reflection mirror (76.2j) and said convex mirror (76.4j), reflect and drive said light rays laterally through perpendicular projecting conduits, which project perpendicularly to said central light driving conduit (76.3j).
Said sets of flat reflection mirrors (76.5a, 76.6a, 76.5b, 76.6b, 76.5c, 76.6c, 76.5d, 76.6d, 76.6e, 76.7e, 76.6f, 76.7f, 76.6g, 76.7g, 76.6h, 76.7h) always comprises an upper flat 45 degree inclined mirror (76.5a, 76.5b, 76.5c, 76.5d, 76.6e, 76.6f, 76.6g, 76.6h) and a lower flat 45 degree inclined mirror (76.6a, 76.6b, 76.6c, 76.6d, 76.7e, 76.7f, 76.7g, 76.7h) positioned just under said other mirror (76.5a, 76.5b, 76.5c, 76.5d, 76.6e, 76.6f, 76.6g, 76.6h).
Said perpendicular light driving conduit (57.8, 61.2) can comprise various configurations and architectures to concentrate the light rays, and drive these over any obstacles comprised through said conduit (57.8, 61.2) after being reflected from said light rays collection conduits (57.6).
Said furthermost light collection conduit (77.1a) drives light rays towards said flat light reflection mirror (77.2a), which drives said light rays through said perpendicular light driving conduit (77.3a) to a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (77.4a, 77.5a), which move the position of projection of said light rays downwards. This is done in order for said light rays to be driven under the flat reflection mirror (77.6a) which reflects and drives the light rays of the next light collection conduit (77.7a). The light rays which are reflected by both flat mirrors (77.2a, 77.6a), are driven parallel to each other, towards a concave mirror (77.9a), which drives and concentrates said light rays towards a convex mirror (77.8a). Said convex mirror (77.8a) then drives said light rays over said concave mirror (77.9a) towards a set of flat 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (77.10a, 77.11a), which move downwards
164 the position of projection of said light rays, in order for these to be finally reflected by the central flat light reflection mirror (77.12a), which is positioned in front of the central light collection conduit (77.13a). Said light rays reach the surface of said convex mirror (77.8a) before reaching the focal point of said concave mirror (77.9a). Said next flat reflection mirror (77.6a) comprises a shorter length than the initial flat reflection mirror (77.2a), in order to leave space for the light rays to be driven beside said next flat reflection mirror (77.6a) if the design of said system is suitable.
Said initial flat reflection mirror (77.2b) can also drive the light rays from said furthermost light collection conduit (77.1b), to drive these through the perpendicular projecting conduit (77.3b) towards a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (77.4b, 77.5b). Said set of flat mirrors (77.4b, 77.5b) moves the position of projection of said light rays downwards, such that said light rays are driven under the flat reflection mirror (77.6b) which is comprised in front of the next light ray collection conduit (77.7b). Said second light ray collection conduit’s (77.7b) flat reflection mirror (77.6b) drives light rays, in parallel to the light rays driven by the initial flat reflection mirror (77.2b), to a concave mirror (77.9b). Said concave mirror (77.9b) drives said light rays to a concave mirror (77.8b), which is sustained from said conduit’s (77.3b) top surface. Said concave mirror (77.8b) then drives said light rays to another set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (77.10b, 77.1 lb), which move the position of projection of said light rays again downwards, such that said light rays are driven to the central light reflection mirror (77.12b), which is comprised opposite to the central light collection conduit (77.13b). Said light rays reach the surface of said concave mirror (77.8b) after reaching the focal point of said lower concentrating concave mirror (77.9b). Said flat mirror (77.6b) which is comprised in front of the next light collection conduit (77.7b), comprises a lower length than that (77.2b) comprised in front of the furthermost light
165 collection conduit (77. lb), such that said light rays can be driven laterally to said next flat mirror (77.6b) if said design results to be suitable.
Said flat reflection mirror (77.2c) can also be comprised in front of said furthermost light collection conduit (77.1c), to drive light rays through said perpendicular projecting conduit (77.3c) to a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (77.4c, 77.5c). Said mirrors (77.4c, 77.5c) drive said light rays under said flat reflection mirror (77.6c) which is comprised in front of said next light collection conduit (77.7c), such that said light rays which are driven by said next mirror (77.6c), are driven through said conduit (77.3c).
Simultaneously, the light rays which are driven under said mirror (77.6c), are driven to a set of flat reflection mirrors (77.8c, 77.9c), which move the position of projection of said light rays upwards, to be then also driven through said conduit (77.3c). Said light rays are driven in parallel to a concave mirror (77.1 lc), which drives and concentrates said light rays to a convex mirror (77.10c), which is sustained by the lower surface of said conduit (77.3c), and drives said light rays under said concentrating concave mirror (77.11c), to a set of flat light reflection mirrors (77.12c, 77.13c). Said mirrors move the position of projection of said light rays upwards, such that said light rays are driven to the central light reflection mirror (77.14c), which are comprised opposite to the central light collection conduit (77.15c). Said light rays reach the surface of said convex conduit (77.10c) before reaching the focal point of said concentrating concave mirror (77.1 lc), which is sustained from the top surface of said conduit (77.3c).
Said flat reflection mirror (77.2d) can also be comprised in front of the furthermost light collection conduit (77. Id), to drive light rays through said perpendicularly projecting conduit (77.3d), towards a set of flat light reflection mirrors (77.4d, 77.5d), which move the position of projection of said light rays downwards, such that said light rays are driven under the flat mirror (77.6d) which is comprised in front of the next light collection conduit (77.7d). Said
166 light rays which are reflected by said next reflection mirror (77.6d) are driven through said conduit (77.3d), while the light rays which are driven under said next mirror (77.6d), are driven through a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (77.8d, 77.9d) to move the position of projection of said light rays upwards. Both light beams are driven in parallel to a concave mirror (77. lid) which is sustained to the upper surface of said conduit (77.3d). Said concave mirror (77.lid) drives said light rays to a concave mirror (77.lOd), which then drives said light rays to a set of flat 45 degree inclined adjusting mirrors (77.12d, 77.13d) to move the position of projection of said concentrated light beam upwards, such that said light rays can then be reflected by said central light reflection mirror (77.14d), which is comprised in front of the central light ray collection conduit (77.15d). Said lower concave mirror (77. lOd) is supported by the lower surface of said conduit (77.3d), and the light rays that reach its (77. lOd) surface, reach the focal point of said upper concentrating concave mirror (77.1 Id) prior of reaching said mirror (77.10d).
Said flat reflection mirror (77.2e, 77.2f) can also be comprised in front of the furthermost light collection conduit (77.le, 77.If), to drive the light rays through said perpendicularly projecting conduit (77.3e, 77.3f) to a set of flat reflection mirrors (77.4e, 77.5e, 77.4f, 77.5f), which move the position of projection of said light rays downwards, such that these can be driven under the next flat mirror (77.6e, 77.6f), which is comprised in front of said next light collection conduit (77.7e, 77.7f). Said light rays which are reflected by said next mirror (77.6e, 77.6f), are driven in parallel to said lower light ray beam, to a Plano concave mirror (77.9e, 77.9f), which concentrates said light rays to a Plano convex (77.8e) or Plano concave (77.8f) mirror. Said Plano convex mirror (77.8e) is sustained from said conduit’s (77.3e, 77.3f) upper surface, and said light rays reach its (77.8e) surface before reaching the focal point of said lower Plano concave mirror (77.9e, 77.9f). Said Plano concave mirror (77.8f) is sustained from the upper surface of said conduit (77.3e, 77.3f), and said light rays reach its
167 (77.8f) surface after reaching the focal pint of said lower Plano concave mirror (77.9e, 77.9f). Said mirrors (77.8e, 77.8f) drive said light rays to a set of flat 45 degree inclined adjusting mirrors (77.10e, 77. lie, 77. lOf, 77. Ilf), which moves the position of projection of said light rays downwards in order for these to be reflected by the central light reflection mirror (77.12e, 77.12f). Said mirror (77.12e, 77.12f) is comprised opposite to said central light collection conduit (77.13e, 77.13f).
Said reflection mirror (77.2g, 77.2h) can also be comprised in front of the furthermost light collection conduit (77. lg, 77. lh), to drive the light rays from said furthermost light collection conduit (77.lg, 77.lh) through the perpendicular projecting light driving conduit (77.3g, 77.3h) to a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (77.4g, 77.5g, 77.4h, 77.5h), which move the position of projection of said light rays downwards, such that said light rays can be driven under the next flat reflection mirror (77.6g, 77.6h). Said next flat reflection mirror (77.6g, 77.6h) is comprised in front of the next light collection conduit (77,7g, 77.7h), and drives light rays from said conduit (77.7g, 77.7h) through said conduit (77.3g, 77.3h). Simultaneously, a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (77.8g, 77.9g, 77.8h, 77.9h), which move the position of projection of said light rays upwards, such that both light ray beams are simultaneously driven to a Plano concave mirror (77.1 lg, 77.1 lh) which is sustained from said conduit’s (77.3g, 77.3h) upper surface. Said mirrors (77.11g, 77.1 lh) drive said light rays to a Plano convex (77.10g) or Plano concave (77.10h) mirror. Said Plano convex mirror (77. lOg) comprises the light rays reaching its (77. lOg) surface prior of reaching the focal point of said upper Plano concave mirror (77.1 lg, 77.1 lh), while said Plano concave mirror (77.10h) comprises the light rays reaching its (77.10h) surface after reaching the focal point of said upper Plano concave mirror (77.1 lg, 77.1 lh). Said mirrors (77.10g, 77. lOh) drive said light rays to a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (77.12g, 77.13g, 77.12h, 77.13h) to move the position of projection upwards, such that said
168 light ray beams can be reflected by said flat central light reflection mirror (77.15g, 77.15h), which is comprised in front of the central light collection conduit (77.14g, 77.14h).
Said central light reflection mirrors (77.12e, 77.12f, 77.15g, 77.15h) can be comprised upwards (77.15g, 77.15h) or downwards (77.12e, 77.12f) in front of said central light collection conduit (77.13e, 77.13f, 77.14g, 77.14h), as said mirrors can be also comprised one (77.12e, 77.12f, 77.15g, 77.15h) above the other (77.12e, 77.12f, 77.15g, 77.15h) to simultaneously reflect the light rays being projected from both perpendicularly projecting conduits (77.3e, 77.3f, 77.3g, 77.3h) simultaneously at the same time.
Said flat reflection mirror (77.2i) comprised in front of the furthermost light collection conduit (77.1Ϊ), can drive said light rays through the perpendicularly projecting conduit (77.3Ϊ), and drive these laterally to said next flat reflection mirror (77.5i) which is shorter in length to allow said light rays to be driven beside it (77.5i), and which is comprised in front of said next light collection conduit (77.4i), such that said light ray beams are driven in parallel beside each other to the central light ray reflection mirror (77.6i). Said mirror (77.6i) is comprised opposite to said central light ray collection conduit (77.7i).
Said flat reflection mirror (77.2j) which is comprised in front of the furthermost light ray collection conduit (77. lj), can also be comprised lower and closed to the lower surface of said perpendicularly projecting conduit (77.3j), in order to drive said light rays under the next flat reflection mirror (77.5j), which is comprised in front of the next light collection conduit (77.4j). This design makes the perpendicularly projecting conduit (77.3j) simpler in design. However, the central light reflection mirror (77.6j) is higher in order to reflect the light ray beams which project towards it (77.6j), one (77.6j) above the other (77.6j). Said mirror (77.6j) is comprised in front of the central light collection conduit (77.7j).
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Said flat reflection mirror (77.2k) comprised in front of said furthermost light collection conduit (77.1k) can also drive light rays to a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (77.3k, 77.4k) in order to move the position of projection of said driven light rays downwards, such that said light rays can be driven through said perpendicularly projecting conduit (77.5k), and under said next flat reflection mirror (77.6k). Said mirror (77.6k) is comprised in front of the next light ray collection conduit (77.6k). The position of projection of said lower driven light rays is moved upwards again by another set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (77.8k, 77.10k), such that both light ray beams are simultaneously driven to the central light reflection mirror (77.1 lk), for reflection, which is comprised opposite to said central light collection conduit (77.9k).
Said designs described above, which drive said light rays under said next flat mirror (77.5j, 77.7k), allow said next mirror to be as long as required for the light rays of said next light ray collection conduit (77.4j, 77.6k) to be reflected as appropriately as possible.
Said sets of flat reflection mirrors (77.4a, 77.5a, 77.10a, 77.11a, 77.4b, 77.5b, 77.10b, 77.11b, 77.4c, 77.5c, 77.8c, 77.9c, 77.12c, 77.13c, 77.4d, 77.5d, 77.8d, 77.9d, 77.12d, 77.13d, 77.4e, 77.5e, 77.10e, 77.1 le, 77.4f, 77.5f, 77.10f, 77.Ilf, 77.4g, 77.5g, 77.8g, 77.9g, 77.12g, 77.13g, 77.4h, 77.5h, 77.8h, 77.9h, 77.12h, 77.13h, 77.3k, 77.4k, 77.8k, 77.10k) always comprises an upper flat 45 degree inclined mirror (77.4a, 77.10a, 77.4b, 77.10b, 77.4c, 77.9c, 77.13c, 77.4d, 77.9d, 77.12d, 77.4e, 77.10e, 77.4f, 77.10f, 77.4g, 77.8g, 77.12g, 77.4h, 77.8h, 77.12h, 77.3k, 77.8k) and a lower flat 45 degree inclined mirror (77.5a, 77.11a, 77.5b, 77.11b, 77.5c, 77.8c, 77.12c, 77.5d, 77.8d, 77.13d, 77.5e, 77.1 le, 77.5f, 77.Ilf, 77.5g, 77.9g, 77.13g, 77.5h, 77.9h, 77.13h, 77.4k, 77.10k) positioned just under said other mirror (77.4a, 77.10a, 77.4b, 77.10b, 77.4c, 77.9c, 77.13c, 77.4d, 77.9d, 77.12d, 77.4e, 77.10e, 77.4f,
77.10f, 77.4g, 77.8g, 77.12g, 77.4h, 77.8h, 77.12h, 77.3k, 77.8k).
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Said light ray collection conduits (57.6) can comprise different types of inner architectures and designs in order to reflect the light rays horizontally through said conduits (57.6), from the vertical projections when coming vertically down from said tower mast structures (57.1), and drive these towards said perpendicular projecting light driving conduits (57.8, 61.2).
The light rays are being driven down from said solar ray concentrators, through the vertical light ray driving pipe (78.2a) vertically downwards until reaching a flat 45 degree inclined mirror (78. la), which reflects said light rays and drives these through the light collection conduit (78.3a). Said light rays are driven to a concave mirror (78.5a) which is sustained to the bottom surface of said conduit (78.3a). Said concave mirror (78.5a) drives and concentrates said light rays to a convex mirror (78.4a), which is reached by said concentrated light rays before reaching the focal point of said lower concave mirror (78.5a). Said convex mirror (78.4a) is sustained to the top surface of said conduit (78.3a). Said light rays are then driven by said convex mirror (78.4a) to a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (78.6a, 78.7a), which move the position of projection of said light rays downwards. This allows said light rays to be driven under the flat mirror (78.1a) which is comprised under the next vertical light driving pipe (78.2a). Said process is repeated again for all solar ray concentration systems, hence being continuously driven by said flat reflection mirrors (78.6a, 78.7a) and said concave (78.5a) and convex (78.4a) mirrors, until reaching the end of said light collection conduit (78.3a). At that point, another set of 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (78.8a, 78.9a) move the position of projection of said light rays downwards in order for these to be reflected by the flat mirrors (57.7, 57.9, 59.1, 59.3, 63.1, 63.3, 65.1, 65.3, 67.1,
67.3, 69.1, 69.3) comprised in said perpendicular projecting light driving conduit (57.8, 61.2).
Said light rays can be driven through the vertical light driving pipe (78.2b) to the lower positioned flat mirror (78.1b), which drives said light rays through the light collection conduit (78.3b) to a lower surface sustained concave mirror (78.5b). This time, said mirror (78.5b)
171 drives said light rays to an upper surface sustained concave mirror (78.4b). This hence means that said light rays reach the focal point of said lower concave mirror (78.5b) prior of reaching the surface of said upper concave mirror (78.4b). Said light rays are then driven to a set of flat reflection mirrors (78.6b, 78.7b) to move the light rays under the flat mirror (78. lb) which is comprised under the next solar ray concentrator. Said final flat reflection mirrors (78.8b, 78.9b) move the light rays down to ensure that these can be reflected in said perpendicularly projecting light driving conduit (57.8, 61.2).
As mentioned previously, said light rays are driven through said light collection conduit (78.3c) by being reflected by said flat mirrors (78. lc) comprised under the vertical light driving pipe (78.2c), which is each (78.2c) comprised under a tower mast structure. However, said light rays are driven to a top surface sustained concave mirror (78.5c), which drives said light rays to a lower surface sustained convex mirror (78.4c). Said light rays each this mirror’s (78.4c) surface before reaching the focal point of said upper concave mirror (78.5c). Said mirror (78.4c) drives said light rays under the next flat mirror (78. lc), to a set of flat reflection mirrors (78.6c, 78.7c) which drive the position of projection of said light rays upwards, hence perpendicularly crossing the light rays reflected by the next flat mirror (78.1c). Said light rays are then driven in parallel to the next upper sustained concave mirror (78.5c). Said process is repeated until said light rays reach the end of said light collection conduit (78.3c), which comprises a set of flat reflection mirrors (78.8c, 78.9c), which move said light rays upwards for efficient light reflection.
Said light rays are driven through said light collection conduit (78.3d) by said flat mirrors (78. Id), which reflect the light rays which are vertically driven by said solar ray concentrators. However, said light rays can be driven by said flat mirror (78. Id) to a top surface sustained concave mirror (78.5d) which drives and concentrates said light rays to a lower surface sustained concave mirror (78.4d). Said lower surface concave mirror (78.4d)
172 drives said light rays in parallel to said conduit’s (78.3d) direction of projection. However, in this case, said light rays reach the focal point of said upper concave mirror (78.5d) before reaching the surface of said lower concave mirror (78.4d). Said light rays are then driven by said mirror (78.4d) to a set of flat reflection mirrors (78.6d, 78.7d) which move the position of projection of said light rays upwards, hence driving these towards the next upper concave mirror (78.5d). Said process is repeated along a number of times until said light rays reach the end of said light collection conduit, and where a set of flat reflection mirrors (78.8d, 78.9d) move the light rays upwards for efficient light ray reflection.
Said light rays are driven through said light collection conduit (78.3e) after being reflected by said flat mirrors (78.le) from said vertical light driving pipes (78.2e). Said light rays can however be driven to a Plano concave mirror (78.5e), which is sustained by said conduit’s (78.3e) lower surface, and which concentrates said light rays towards an upper surface sustained Plano convex mirror (78.4e). In this case, said light rays reach the surface of said lower Plano convex mirror (78.4e) before reaching the focal point of said lower Plano concave mirror (78.5e). Said mirror (78.4e) drives said light rays to a set of flat 45 degree inclined flat mirrors (78.6e, 78.7e), which move the position of projection of said light rays downwards, such that said light rays are driven under the next reflection mirror (78.1). Said process is repeated under each vertical light driving conduit (78.2e), such that said light rays reach a last set of flat 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirrors (78.8e, 78.9e) in order to move the position of projection of said light rays downwards for efficient light ray reflection in the perpendicularly light driving conduit (57.8, 61.2).
Said light rays can also be concentrated by said lower positioned Plano concave mirror (78.5f) to an upper surface sustained Plano concave mirror (78.4f), such that the light rays reach the focal point of said lower Plano concave mirror (78.5f) before reaching the surface of said upper positioned Plano concave mirror (78.4f). Said light rays are driven to the lower
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Plano concave mirror (78.5f) through said light collection conduit (78.3f) after being reflected by said flat 45 degree inclined mirror (78. If), which reflects the light rays which project vertically downwards through said vertical light driving pipe (78.2f). Said upper Plano concave mirror (78.4f) drives said light rays to a set of flat 45 degree inclined adjusting mirrors (78.6f, 78.7f), which move the position of projection of said light rays downwards in order for these to be driven under the next flat reflection mirror (78. If). After said process is repeated under each vertical light driving pipe (78.2f), said light rays are driven from said upper Plano concave mirror (78.4f) to a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (78.8f, 78.9f), in order for said light rays to be moved downwards. This allows said light rays to be efficiently reflected by said mirror in said perpendicular projecting light driving conduit (57.8, 61.2).
Said light rays can also be driven to an upper surface sustained Plano concave mirror (78.5g), which drives said light rays to a Plano convex mirror (78.4g), which is attached to the lower surface of said light collection conduit (78.3g). In this case, said light rays reach the surface of said Plano convex mirror (78.4g) after being concentrated by said upper Plano concave mirror (78.5g), but before reaching the focal point of said upper Plano concave mirror (78.5g). Said light rays are initially driven through the vertical light driving pipe (78.2g) from the tower mast structure, and is reflected by said flat reflection mirror (78.lg), such that it is driven through said light collection conduit (78.3g) to the Plano concave mirror (78.5g). Said lower Plano convex mirror (78.4g) drives said light rays to a set of flat adjusting mirrors (78.6g, 78.7g), which move the position of projection of said light rays upwards after being driven under the next flat reflection mirror (78.lg). This hence means that said light rays are driven perpendicularly to those reflected by said next flat reflection mirror (78. lg), such that both light ray beams are driven to the next Plano concave mirror (78.5g) for light reflection.
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A set of flat 45 degree adjusting mirrors (78.8g, 78.9g) drive said light rays upwards at the end of said light collection conduit (78.3g) for efficient light reflection.
Said light rays can also be driven to a Plano concave mirror (78.4h) by said Plano concave mirror (78.5h), such that the light rays reach the surface of said lower Plano concave mirror (78.4h) after reaching the focal point of said upper Plano concave mirror (78.5h), which concentrates these. In this case, said Plano concave mirror which concentrates said light rays (78.5h), is sustained to the upper surface of said conduit (78.3h), while the lower Plano concave mirror which reflects said light rays (78.4h) is sustained to the lower surface of said light collection conduit (78.3g). Said lower Plano concave mirror (78.4h) drives said light rays horizontally through said light collection conduit to a set of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (78.6h, 78.7h), which move the position of projection of said light rays upwards, to drive said light rays to the next upper Plano concave mirror (78.5h). Said light rays are driven under the next flat reflection mirror (78. lh) by said lower Plano concave mirror (78.4h), such that the light rays are driven perpendicularly to these reflected by said flat mirror (78. lh), when these are reflected by said flat reflection mirrors (78.6h, 78.7h). Said process is repeated for a number of times, one time for each tower mast structure, and hence one time for each light driving pipe (78.2h) and for the flat reflection mirror (78. lh) comprised under said pipe (78.2h). When said concentrated light rays reach the end of said light collection conduit (78.3h), a set of flat 45 degree inclined mirrors (78.8h, 78.9h) move the position of projection of said light rays upwards for efficient light reflection purposes in the perpendicularly projecting light driving conduit (57.8, 61.2). Said light rays are driven through said light collection conduit (78.3h) by said flat mirrors (78. lh), which reflect the light rays from when these are vertically driven through said vertical light driving pipe (78.2h).
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Said flat light reflection mirrors (78. li) which are comprised under each vertical light driving conduit (78.2i), can be comprised at a position which is comprised along the upper surface of said light collection conduit (78.3i). All of said flat light collection mirrors (78. li) can be comprised along the same height, such that said set of flat reflection mirrors (78.4i, 78.5i) are comprised in front of said flat mirrors (78. li, 78.6i) along said conduit (78.3i), and hence drive said light rays at a lower position. This hence comprises all of said flat mirrors (78. li, 78.6i), from the furthermost one (78. li) to the last one (78.6i) being comprised along the same height in said conduit (78.3i), but with a set of flat reflection mirrors (78.4i, 78.5i) comprised in front of each flat mirror (78. li, 78.6i), hence moving the positions of projection of said light rays a step down from the next lower flat mirror (78.4i) comprised along said conduit (78.3Ϊ). Said flat reflection mirrors (78. li, 78.6i) are each comprised under a vertical light driving conduit (78.2i), and can be comprised being partly positioned inside said light driving pipe (78.2i). Said upper flat reflection mirrors (78.5i), which make part of said sets of flat reflection mirrors (78.4i, 78.5i), are positioned along the upper surface of said light collection conduit (78.3i) for all cases, and are hence always sustained by said conduit’s (78.3Ϊ) upper surface.
Said vertical light driving conduits (78. lj) can comprise the flat reflection mirrors (78.2j) being comprised under said pipes (78. lj), but in an order of height positions along said light collection conduit (78.5j). This hence means that the furthermost flat light reflection mirror (78.2j) can be comprised along the bottom surface of said light collection conduit (78.5j), while the next other flat mirrors (78.3j) can be comprised each at a level higher along said conduit (78.5j). Said next flat mirrors can be sustained from the upper surface of said conduit (78.5j) by a vertical member (78.4j). Said closest mirror (78.6j) to said perpendicular light driving conduit (57.8, 61.2), can be partly comprised inside said vertical light driving pipe (78. lj) in order to maximise the space available along said conduit (78.5j). This design allows
176 said light collection conduit (78.5j) to be fully used to drive light rays in parallel to the other, from the first (78. lj) to the last (78.6j) flat light reflection mirror, hence maximising the space usage through said light collection conduit (78.5j).
Said light reflection mirrors (78.1a, 78.1b, 78.1c, 78.Id, 78. le, 78.If, 78.lg, 78.lh, 78. li, 78.6i, 78.2j, 78.3j, 78.6j) comprised under said vertical light driving pipes (78.2a, 78.2b, 78.2c, 78.2d, 78.2e, 78.2f, 78.2g, 78.2h, 78.2i, 78. lj), reflect said concentrated light rays through said light collection conduits (78.3a, 78.3b, 78.3c, 78.3d, 78.3e, 78.3f, 78.3g, 78.3h, 78.3i, 78.5j), and are 45 degree inclined to the vertical direction of projection of said light rays, and to the directions of projection of said light collection conduits (78.3a, 78.3b, 78.3c, 78.3d, 78.3e, 78.3f, 78.3g, 78.3h, 78.3i, 78.5j).
Said sets of flat 45 degree inclined reflecting mirrors (78.6a, 78.7a, 78.8a, 78.9a, 78.6b, 78.7b, 78.8b, 78.9b, 78.6c, 78.7c, 78.8c, 78.9c, 78.6d, 78.7d, 78.8d, 78.9d, 78.6e, 78.7e, 78.8e, 78.9e, 78.6f, 78.7f, 78.8f, 78.9f, 78.6g, 78.7g, 78.8g, 78.9g, 78.6h, 78.7h, 78.8h, 78.9h, 78.4i, 78.5i), are each always comprised of an upper positioned 45 degree inclined flat mirror (78.7a, 78.9a, 78.7b, 78.9b, 78.6c, 78.9c, 78.6d, 78.9d, 78.7e, 78.9e, 78.7f, 78.9f, 78.6g, 78.9g, 78.6h, 78.9h, 78.5i), which is comprised on top of a lower 45 degree inclined flat mirror (78.6a, 78.8a, 78.6b, 78.8b, 78.7c, 78.8c, 78.7d, 78.8d, 78.6e, 78.8e, 78.6f, 78.8f, 78.7g, 78.8g, 78.7h, 78.8h, 78.4i), which is comprised just under said top positioned flat mirror (78.7a, 78.9a, 78.7b, 78.9b, 78.6c, 78.9c, 78.6d, 78.9d, 78.7e, 78.9e, 78.7f, 78.9f, 78.6g, 78.9g, 78.6h, 78.9h, 78.5i). Said sets of flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (78.6a, 78.7a, 78.8a, 78.9a, 78.6b, 78.7b, 78.8b, 78.9b, 78.6c, 78.7c, 78.8c, 78.9c, 78.6d, 78.7d, 78.8d, 78.9d, 78.6e, 78.7e, 78.8e, 78.9e, 78.6f, 78.7f, 78.8f, 78.9f, 78.6g, 78.7g, 78.8g, 78.9g, 78.6h, 78.7h, 78.8h, 78.9h, 78.4i, 78.5i) are used to move the position of projection of said light rays upwards or downwards, according to design needs.
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Said light ray collection conduits (57.6), perpendicularly projecting conduits (57.8, 61.2), central light ray driving conduits (59.10, 67.10, 69.7, 71.3, 72.4, 73.25, 75.8) and final light ray driving conduits (57.13, 59.11, 60.5, 62.5, 63.9, 64.5, 65.11, 66.5, 67.12, 68.5, 69.10,
70.5, 71.7, 72.6, 73.30), can be comprised on the ground surface, under the ground surface, offshore or onshore, or in a combination of at least two of said scenarios.
On said tower mast structures (1.1, 3.1, 4.6, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.7, 9.13, 9.19, 10.4, 11.5,
12.5, 13.5, 14.1), said concave (9.15, 9.21), convex (3.2, 5.6, 6.6, 10.5, 11.3, 12.4, 13.4), Plano concave (9.3, 9.10) or Plano convex (1.6, 6.2, 7.10, 8.10) light reflection mirrors should preferably comprise lower radii of curvature than the concave (3.3, 5.7, 6.7, 9.16, 9.22, 10.3, 11.4, 12.3, 13.3) or Plano concave (1.7, 2.4, 6.3,7.11,8.11,9.4, 9.9) mirrors which concentrate said light rays towards said mirrors (1.6, 3.2, 5.6, 6.2, 6.6, 7.10, 8.10, 9.3,
9.10, 9.15, 9.21, 10.5, 11.3, 12.4, 13.4), in order for the concentration of light rays to be functional and efficient.
Said light reflecting concave (76.3c, 76.3d, 77.8b, 77.10d, 78.4b, 78.4d), convex (76.3a, 76.3b, 76.4j, 77.8a, 77.10c, 78.4a, 78.4c), Plano concave (76.4g, 76.4h, 77.8f, 77.10h, 78.4f, 78.4h) or Plano convex (76.4e, 76.4f, 77.8e, 77.10g, 78.4e, 78.4g) mirrors which are comprised in front of said light ray concentrating concave (76.4a, 76.4b, 76.4c, 76.4d, 76.5j, 77.9a, 77.9b, 77.11c, 77. lid, 78.5a, 78.5b, 78.5c, 78.5d) or Plano concave (76.5e, 76.5f, 76.5g, 76.5h, 77.9e, 77.9f, 77.11g, 77.1 lh, 78.5e, 78.5f, 78.5g, 78.5h) mirrors, should also preferably comprise lower radii of curvature than said light ray concentrating mirrors (76.4a, 76.4b, 76.4c, 76.4d, 76.5j, 77.9a, 77.9b, 77.11c, 77.lid, 78.5a, 78.5b, 78.5c, 78.5d, 76.5e, 76.5f, 76.5g, 76.5h, 77.9e, 77.9f, 77.1 lg, 77.11h, 78.5e, 78.5f, 78.5g, 78.5h) in said light collection conduits (57.6, 78.3a, 78.3b, 78.3c, 78.3d, 78.3e, 78.3f, 78.3g, 78.3h, 78.3i, 78.5j), said perpendicularly projecting light driving conduits (57.8, 61.2, 77.3a, 77.3b, 77.3c, 77.3d, 77.3e, 77.3f, 77.3g, 77.3h, 77.3i, 77.3j, 77.5k), said central light driving conduits (57.13,
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59.10, 69.7, 71.3, 72.4, 73.25, 75.8, 76.2a, 76.2b, 76.2c, 76.2d, 76.3e, 76.3f, 76.3g, 76.3h, 76.2Ϊ, 76.3j), and said final light driving conduits (59.11, 60.5, 62.5, 63.9, 64.5, 65.11, 66.5,
67.12, 68.5, 69.10, 70.5, 71.7, 72.6, 73.30, 74.3), as said design will make the concentration of light rays fully functional and efficient, requiring the minimum space.
Said tower mast structures (79.11) are rotated about a central axis (79.12), which is comprised along the centre point of said mast (79.11). Said mast structure (79.11) attaches to the horizontal members (79.4) which sustain said vertical members (79.5), which sustain said inner flat solar ray collection mirror (79.1), which is comprised in front of the outer solar ray collection mirror (79.6). Said outer solar ray collection mirror (79.6) is sustained by horizontal members (79.2) which attach to the mast structure (79.11). The vertical members (79.3) comprised at each outer side of said horizontal member (79.20 which sustains said outer flat solar ray collection mirror (79.6). Said vertical members (79.3) also sustain the concave (79.7) or Plano concave (79.7) light concentration mirror, which is comprised in front of said mast structure (79.11). Said inner flat solar ray collection mirror (79.1) is sustained by a horizontally projecting member (79.8) which attaches to the vertical sustaining members (79.3). Said flat reflection mirrors (79.9) are comprised over said light concentration concave (79.7) or Plano concave (79.7) mirror. Said vertical sustaining members (79.3, 79.10) are comprised along each set of flat collection mirrors (79.1, 79.6), light concentration mirrors (79.7) and flat mirrors (79.9) in order to attach the entire structure to said mast structure (79.11) without comprising any member being positioned along the path of the light rays at any time. Said design hence sustains all components (79.1, 79.2, 79.3,
79.4, 79.5, 79.6, 79.7, 79.8, 79.9, 79.10) to said mast structure (79.11) as required.
Said set of power generation systems can be comprised beside an industrial set of systems and components, in order to separate and process the products of said system, before sending these for various fuelling, power supply and industrial applications (Figure 80).
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The final light driving conduit (80.1) is reflected by said 45 degree inclined flat mirror (80.6), and is driven through said light driving conduit (80.7) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (80.15), where said light rays transfer the energy into heat. The energy storage fluid circuit (80.8) is driven through said heat exchanger or steam generator to either transfer or take heat energy, and is driven back to the energy storage tank (80.3) through a pipe (80.4). A pump (80.2) drives said fluid through said piping (80.4, 80.8). The hydrogen fuel tank (80.5) connects to a pipe (80.21) which drives said hydrogen to industrial or fuelling applications by the means of a pump (80.12).
Said primary circuit (80.10) drives water by the means of a pump (80.9) through said heat exchanger or steam generator (80.15). Said steam is then driven through a pipe (80.24) to a steam turbine (80.29), which drives a generator (80.23) to generate electricity. Said primary circuit water is then cooled through a heat exchanger (80.34) before being driven through a pipe (80.36) to a heat collection heat exchanger (80.26). This occurs prior of being driven back by said pump (80.9) through said pipe (80.10). The salt evacuation circuit comprises a water pipe (80.33) which drives water by a pump (80.27) to the salt removal chamber (80.14), where salt is removed from the desalination water flowing through the desalination pipe (80.11), which drives water to said heat exchanger (80.15) by the means of a pump (80.18). Said salted water is then driven through an evacuation pipe (80.28) by a pump (80.22) to said cooling heat exchanger (80.34), which transfers excess heat from the primary circuit pipe (80.36) to said salt evacuation water. Said salted water is then driven through a pipe (80.35) out of the heat exchanger (80.34), and hence out of the system.
The desalinated water is driven away from said desalination chamber (80.14) through a pipe (80.13) to said heating heat exchanger (80.26), where said desalinated steam is cooled, and the heat is transferred to the primary circuit water. Said desalinated water is finally driven through a pipe (80.31) to the water storage tank (80.25), which also comprises a pipe (80.30)
180 connecting to it (80.25), which is equipped with a pump (80.320 to drive said water to the required nearby applications. The oxygen is driven through a pipe (80.16) to a storage tank (80.17), which comprises a pipe (80.20) connecting to it (80.17) with a pump (80.19) to drive said oxygen to the required industrial applications. Said hydrogen fuel is also driven by a pump (80.12) to the required applications via a pipe (80.21) from said hydrogen storage tank (80.5) .
During dark hours, said energy storage fluid pipe (80.8) transfers heat to said heat exchanger or steam generator (80.15), and hence to the primary circuit pipe (80.10). During daytime hours, said heat exchanger or steam generator (80.15) supplies heat to both the energy storage fluid pipe (80.8) and the primary circuit pipe (80.10) simultaneously.
Said desalination water supply pipe (81.6) drives water to said heating heat exchanger (81.4) by a pump (81.5). Said desalination water supply pipe (81.3) can also be driven out if said heat exchanger (81.4) with the heat supplied by said cooled desalinated water, which flows simultaneously through said heat exchanger (81.4) through a separate pipe (81.1), which is liquefied when flowing through said heat exchanger (81.4). Said primary circuit pipe (81.2) is this time driven beside said heat exchanger (81.4).
Said desalination water supply pipe (82.3) can also be driven on the opposite way round. Said primary circuit pipe (82.1) can drive said primary circuit fluid through said cooling heat exchanger (82.4), through which said fluid transfers the heat to a secondary cooling circuit (82.6) , which flows through said heat exchanger (82.4), collects the heat, and flows out through the exit pipe (82.2). Said primary circuit pipe (82.5) drives fluid through an exit pipe (82.5).
Said desalination water pipe (83.3) can also flow through a cooling heat exchanger (83.5), through which it supplies its extra heat to a refrigeration pipe (83.1), which is simultaneously
181 driven through said heat exchanger (83.5) to collect said heat, and is then driven through a pipe (83.6) to a compressor (83.2). Said compressor drives said refrigerant, and delivers the heat to the compressor’s (83.2) surroundings when comprising said refrigerant. As said compressor is comprised beside said heat exchanger or setam egneetor (80.15), the heat losses of the system are therefore minimised. Said refrigerant is then driven back through said pipe (83.1) from said compressor (83.2). The desalination water supply pipe (83.4) therefore flows separately beside said heat exchanger (83.5).
Said refrigeration circuit (84.3) can also comprise the pipe (84.3) being driven to a compressor (84.4), which delivers the heat of the refrigerant around said compressor (84.4), before said pipe (84.3) drives said refrigerant to another heat exchanger (84.5), where said refrigerant collects the heat supplied by said primary circuit pipe (84.2), which simultaneously flows through said heat exchanger (84.5). Said refrigerant pipe (84.1) is then driven to the next compressor (83.2), while the primary circuit pipe (84.6) drives said primary circuit fluid back to the main heat exchanger or steam generator (80.15).
Said refrigeration circuit (85.1) can comprise the same pipe (85.1) which can flow through both heat exchangers (85.3, 85.4), one (85.3) after the other (85.4) through the same pipe (85.5), prior of being driven back through said pipe (85.2) to said compressor (83.2) for the efficient heat releasing of said refrigerant.
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (86.3) can also supply the heat to a water pipe (86.2), which flows from the outside of the system, and which flows through said desalination chamber (86.1) before said steam is driven by said pipe (86.2) to the steam turbine (86.13). After driving said stem turbine (86.13), said fluid is driven through another pipe (86.12) by a pump (86.11) to another heat exchanger (86.10). Said desalinated water is cooled and totally liquefied in said heat exchanger (86.10) before said desalinated water is driven to the
182 desalinated water storage tank (86.14) by a follow up pipe (86.15). A cooling secondary circuit pipe (86.9) drives water by a pump (86.8) simultaneously through said heat exchanger (86.10) in order to continuously collect the heat transferred by said desalinated water pipe (86.12), before said secondary circuit water is driven out of the system through an exit pipe (86.7). Said desalination water supply pipe (86.4) drives water to said desalination chamber (86.1), from where said water leaves through another pipe (86.6) out of the system, with salt being comprised in it. A pump (86.5) drives said salted water through said exit pipe (86.6).
Said desalination water supply pipe (87.6) comprises water which is driven by a pump (87.5) through a heat exchanger (87.3). In said heat exchanger (87.3), said excess heat from the primary circuit pipe (87.2) is collected by said desalination supply water (87.6). Said water is then driven out of said heat exchanger (87.3) through a pipe (87.1) to said desalination chamber (86.1). Said primary circuit pipe (87.2) flows simultaneously through said heat exchanger (87.3), where said primary circuit water releases its extra heat before being driven through said exit pipe (87.4) to said desalinated water storage tank (86.14).
Said water supply pipe (88.3) can also comprise a pump (88.5) which drives said water through the opposite way round to said desalination chamber (86.1). Said salted water is then driven through a pipe (88.1) by a pump (88.2) through said heat exchanger (87.3), through which said water collects the heat of the primary circuit (87.2) before being driven through the exit pipe (88.4) out of the system.
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (89.4) comprises the compressor (89.3) of said refrigerant circuit being positioned just beside it to minimise heat losses to the system. Said compressor (89.3) drives the refrigerant through a pipe (89.2), and hence through said heat exchanger (89.6), before said refrigerant is driven through said exit pipe (89.9) back to said compressor (89.3). Said desalinated water pipe (89.1), drives water from said heat exchanger
183 or steam generator (89.4) to said heat exchanger (89.6). Said primary circuit water is driven to the heat exchanger (89.6) by a follow up pipe (89.5). Said primary circuit water hence delivers its extra heat to said refrigerant by the means of said heat exchanger (89.6), through which both refrigerant (89.2) and primary circuit (89.5) pipes flow simultaneously. Said fully liquefied primary circuit water is then driven through a follow up pipe (89.8) from said heat exchanger (89.6) to said desalinated water storage tank (89.7).
Said vertically driving pipe (90.3) can drive the light rays directly to a downwards inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (90.7), through which the energy storage fluid pipe (90.6) and the desalination water supply pipe (90.1), flow simultaneously. Said energy storage fluid is driven back to said tank (90.1) after being heated, by a pipe (90.2) after collecting the heat from the heat exchanger or steam generator (90.7). Simultaneously, a water pipe (90.1) comprises a pump (90.5), which drives said water through the heat exchanger or steam generator (90.7). Said water steam is then desalinated when flowing through said desalination chamber (90.16), where the salt is driven downwards by gravity, while said desalinated water is then driven upwards in the form of steam, and is hence driven through a pipe (90.15) to drive a steam turbine (90.8).
Said steam turbine (90.8) drives a generator (90.9) to generate electricity. Said primary circuit water is then driven through a pipe (90.19) to a heat exchanger (90.13), where it supplies its extra heat to the salted water removal pipe (90.18) before being driven through a pipe (90.22) by a pump (90.23), to said desalinated water storage tank (90.4). Said desalinated water storage tank (90.4) comprises a connecting pipe (90.20) which drives water by a pump (90.10) to the necessary residential or industrial applications. Said energy storage fluid is driven down through a pipe (90.6) by gravity from said tank (90.1), hence minimising the energy storage of the pump (90.1). Said fluid is driven through said pipe (90.6) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (90.7).
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Said desalination water pipe (90.11) supplies water by a pump (90.12) to the lower area of said desalination chamber (90.17), in order to collect the falling salt. Said salted water is then driven through a pipe (90.18) down from said chamber (90.16), by a pump (90.14). Said salted water fluid is hence driven through said heat exchanger (90.13), where said water additionally collects the extra heat of the primary circuit water pipe (90.19), before being driven out of the system through an exit pipe (90.21).
Said lower inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (91.3) can also supply heat to a tertiary pipe (91.2), which is that of a closed primary circuit. Said primary circuit pipe (91.2) is hence driven through said heat exchanger or steam generator (91.3), such that the fluid, preferably water, collects the required heat before flowing through a pipe as steam to a steam turbine (91.5). After driving said steam turbine (91.5), said water is driven through an exit pipe (91.8) to a heat exchanger (91.9), where said water transfers its excess heat to the salted water exhaust pipe (90.21). Said primary circuit water is then driven back through said pipe (91.6) to a pump (91.1), which drives it again to said heat exchanger or steam generator (91.3) through said access pipe (91.2). Said desalination chamber comprises a pipe (91.10), which drives said desalinated water by a pump (91.7) through said heat exchanger (91.9), where said desalinated water gets liquefied, hence also transferring the heat to the salted water exhaust pipe (90.21). This is performed because said heat exchanger (91.9) comprises the salted water removal pipe (90.21), the closed primary circuit pipe (91.8) and the desalinated water pipe (91.10) being driven through the same heat exchanger (91.9).
A refrigerant circuit (92.7) can also be comprised, with a compressor (92.2) driving said refrigerant through a pipe (92.7) to a heat exchanger (92.11). In this case, the salted water removal pipe (92.8) does not flow through said heat exchanger (92.11), but said primary circuit pipe (92.9) flows through said heat exchanger (92.11) after driving said steam turbine (91.5). Said refrigerant collects the extra heat of said primary circuit (92.9), as both pipes
185 (92.7, 92.9) flow simultaneously through said heat exchanger (92.11). Said refrigerant is then driven back to said compressor (92.2) through a pipe (92.10), such that said compressor (92.2) releases the heat around its surroundings. However, as said compressor is comprised inside a duct (92.1) where air is driven by a fan (92.3), said heat is released out of the system. Said fan (92.3) attaches to an axle (92.4), which connects to an electric motor (92.6), which is housed inside a housing (92.5).
Said refrigeration circuit (93.2) can also be driven through said heat exchanger (93.7) by a pipe (93.2), such that the extra heat of a closed primary circuit pipe (93.9) can be taken by said refrigerant in said heat exchanger (93.7), and be driven back to the compressor (92.2) through a follow up pipe (93.1). Said closed primary circuit (93.6) comprises a pump (93.5) which drives the water through a pipe (93.6) to the heat exchanger or steam generator (91.3), where it is converted into steam, before being driven through a pipe (93.3) to a steam turbine (93.4). After driving said steam turbine (93.4), said water is driven through a pipe (93.9) through said heat exchanger (93.7). In said heat exchanger (93.7), the extra heat of said primary circuit water is transferred to the refrigeration pipe (93.1). After said step, said liquefied water is driven back through said pipe (93.6) by said pump (93.5). Said desalinated water is driven by a pump (93.8) through a pipe (93.10), through said heat exchanger (93.7), where it is liquefied and hence transfers its heat to said refrigeration pipe (93.1). Then, said desalinated water is driven through a follow up pipe (93.11) to said desalinated water storage tank (90.4).
Said refrigeration pipe (94.1) can also drive refrigerant fluid to a compressor (94.2) which is comprised just beside said heat exchanger or steam generator (94.5) in order to minimise heat losses to the system. Said steam driving pipe (94.6) drives steam to said steam turbine (94.3), which is driven by said steam. Said water is then driven through a pipe (94.8) from said turbine (94.3) to said heat exchanger (94.7), where said excess heat is transferred to the
186 refrigeration pipe (94.4), which also flows through said heat exchanger (94.7). Said desalinated water is then driven through a pipe (94.9) from said heat exchanger (94.7) to said water storage tank (90.4).
Said compressor (95.4) can also be comprised just beside a heat exchanger or steam generator (95.8) which supplies heat to three pipes simultaneously. Said compressor drives refrigerant through a pipe (95.9), which drives it through a heat exchanger (95.7). In said heat exchanger, said refrigerant collects the extra heat of both the primary circuit fluid (95.10) and the desalinated water simultaneously. Said refrigerant is then driven back to the compressor (95.4) through a follow up pipe (95.1). Said primary circuit pipe (95.3) drives liquid water by a pump (95.2) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (95.8), where it is converted into steam. A steam pipe (95.5) drives said steam to a steam turbine (95.6), which is driven by said steam. After driving said turbine (95.6), said steam is driven through a pipe (95.10) to said heat exchanger (95.7), where said primary circuit water transfers its excess heat to said refrigeration pipe (95.1). Said closed primary circuit pipe (95.10) and said refrigeration pipe (95.9) flow through said heat exchanger (95.7) simultaneously.
The advantage of said lower inclined heat exchangers or steam generators (90.7, 91.3, 94.5,
95.8), is that the salt which is comprised in the slated water, such as sea water, flows down from said water as it gets evaporated, and hence flows down to said desalination chamber (90.16) by gravity, hence minimising the risks of salt blockages in the pipes of said heat exchanger or steam generator (90.7, 91.3, 94.5, 95.8).
Said tower mast structures (96.3) can be comprised of a heat exchanger or steam generator (96.3), in order to transfer the heat of said light rays to the following fluid. The energy storage fluid tank (96.20) can comprise a connecting pipe (96.10) which drives said energy storage fluid through a distribution pipe (96.6) by the means of a pump (96.9). Set
187 distribution pipe (96.6) drives said energy storage fluid to a set of pipes (96.7) which should preferably project perpendicularly to the distribution pipe (96.6), and should preferably each comprise a pump (96.1) to drive said fluid. Each of said pipes (96.7) drives said energy storage fluid through a sub distribution pipe (96.2). Each of said sub distribution pipes (96.2) comprises a set of communicating pipes (96.26), which project perpendicularly to said sub distribution pipe (96.2) and in parallel to said distribution pipe (96.6). Said furthest pipe (96.27) makes part of said set of distributed pipes (96.26), where said energy storage fluid is driven. Each of said pipes (96.26) comprises a heat exchanger (96.3), which is comprised under a tower mast structure, and through which energy storage fluid flows to collect the heat transferred by the concentrated light rays.
A fluid collection pipe (96.4) is comprised at the end of each of said pipes (96.26), hence collecting the heated energy storage fluid, and driving it through said collection pipe (96.25) to a main collection pipe (96.8). Said main collection pipe (96.25) collects the heated fluid from all of said fluid collection pipes (96.25), including the furthest collection pipe (96.5), which converts into said main collection pipe (96.8) when collecting said fluid of said other collection pipes (96.25). Said main collection pipe (96.8) drives said energy storage fluid to a supply pipe (96.13), which drives said fluid through a heat exchanger or steam generator (96.12) . Said fluid transfers part of the collected heat to the primary circuit pipe (96.18) when being driven through said heat exchanger or steam generator (96.12), before being driven back to said tank (96.20) through a pipe (96.11).
Said primary circuit pipe (96.18) flows through said heat exchanger or steam generator (96.12) simultaneously as said energy storage fluid pipe (96.13). Said primary circuit fluid, preferably water, collects the heat transferred by said energy storage fluid pipe (96.13), and hence said water is converted into steam when flowing through said heat exchanger or steam generator (96.12). Said steam is then driven through a pipe (96.15) to a steam turbine (96.16),
188 which in turn drives a generator (96.17) to generate electricity. Said water is then driven through a pipe (96.14), which flows through another heat exchanger (96.22). Said primary circuit water is cooled, and is hence fully liquefied, when flowing through said heat exchanger (96.22), and is driven back through a pipe (96.18) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (96.12) by a pump. A secondary circuit pipe (96.21) collects the excess heat of said primary circuit water, and transfers said heat through the exit pipe (96.24) out of the system by the means of said secondary circuit fluid.
Said primary circuit water can also be driven through the same circuit path (96.11, 96.13) as said energy storage fluid, and be driven by a pump (97.10) through said pipes (96.10, 96.6,
96.2, 96.27, 96.5, 96.8, 96.13, 96.11, 97.11, 97.13). Said primary circuit water hence flows through said heat exchanger or steam generator (96.12) to transfer the heat collected by said primary circuit fluid through said heat exchangers (97.3) comprised under said tower mast structures (97.3), to said secondary circuit (96.18), which flows through said pipe (96.18) and is converted into steam. Said primary circuit fluid is driven through an intake pipe (97.13) through said heat exchanger or steam generator (96.12), and leaves through an exit pipe (97.11), to restart said process again. However, in this case, it is a secondary circuit pipe. Said primary and secondary circuit fluids should preferably be water.
The energy storage fluid can be driven via a communication pipe (97.8) from said tank (96.20) to a distribution pipe (97.6). A pump (97.9) drives said energy storage fluid through said distribution pipe (97.6). Said fluid is distributed through perpendicularly projecting pipes (97.2) to said distribution pipe (97.6), and each of said pipes (97.2) should preferably comprise a pump (97.1) to drive said energy storage fluid. Said pipes (97.2) flow through a set of heat exchangers (97.3) simultaneously, and in parallel to each other, but perpendicularly to the primary circuit water pipes (96.26, 96.27). Said heat exchangers (97.3) are comprised in a linear pattern, and both primary circuit (97.11) and energy storage fluid
189 circuit (97.2) pipes flow through these (97.3) simultaneously, hence transferring the heat of said light rays to both pipes (97.2, 97.11) simultaneously. The pipes (97.5) with the heated energy storage fluid, are driven to a main distribution pipe (97.7), which drives said fluid via a pipe (97.12) to said energy storage fluid tank (96.20). Said sets of heat exchangers (97.3) are comprised in linear patterns, as are said sets of heat exchangers (96.3) comprised for said previously explained concept. Said tower mast structures are comprised over said heat exchangers (96.3, 97.3).
Said energy storage fluid can also be pumped from said tank (98.5) through said circuit of pipes (98.6). But a primary water circuit can collect the heat of the light rays by being driven through a pipe (98.8), which flows through a set of heat exchangers (98.3), which are each comprised along the end of said sub collection pipes (98.4) comprised along the energy storage fluid circuit. Said pipe (98.8) flows through said heat exchangers (98.3), and said pipe (98.2) projects perpendicularly to the sub collection pipes (98.4). The heated primary circuit fluid, preferably water, is then driven through a pipe (98.1), which drives said fluid through a heat exchanger (98.7). Said heat exchanger (98.7) transfers the collected heat to the primary circuit (96.18). A pump drives said primary circuit fluid through said pipes (98.8, 98.2, 98.1). With said design, said solar rays therefore heat to both the energy stage fluid tank (98.5) and the primary circuit pipe (96.18) simultaneously.
Said primary water circuit pipe (99.1) can be driven through said heat exchangers (97.3) to collect said heat, and then be driven in the form of steam to a steam turbine (99.3), which drives a generator (99.4) to generate electricity. In this design, no secondary circuit is needed to drive said steam turbine (99.3). Said water is then driven from said turbine (99.3) to a heat exchanger (99.6) by a pipe (99.5) after driving said steam turbine (99.3). Said excess heat of said primary circuit fluid is transferred to a secondary circuit (96.21) when said primary
190 circuit fluid flows through said heat exchanger (99.6). Said liquefied primary circuit water is then driven back through said pipes (99.1) by the means of a pump (99.7).
Said primary circuit water can be taken from outside the system, and driven through an intake pipe (100.8) to a heat exchanger (100.4), where said water collects the excess heat from the exhaust primary circuit water, which flows through a pipe (100.5) simultaneously through said heat exchanger (100.4) before being driven out of the system by a pipe (100.3), preferably to a hot water storage tank for maximum system profitability. Said heated primary circuit water is then driven through a pipe (100.1) to the heat exchangers (97.3) comprised under said tower mast structures, in order to collect heat from said light rays. Once fully heated, said water, in the form of steam, is driven through a pipe (100.2) to said steam turbine (100.6), which in turn drives a generator (100.7) to generate electricity. After driving said turbine, said water is driven through said pipe (100.5) to said heat exchanger (100.4), where it is liquefied by transferring its excess heat to the intake water pipe (100.8).
Said energy storage fluid pipe (101.6) flows through said heat exchanger (101.5) to transfer part of the collected heat. Said fluid is then driven to the energy storage fluid tank by a pipe (101.4). An intake pipe (101.7) drives water through the heat exchanger, where it gets evaporated, and flows through a desalination chamber (101.3). After losing its salt, the water is pumped through a pipe (101.2) by the means of a pump (101.1), hence being driven through a pipe (101.14) to a heat exchanger (101.9). In said heat exchanger (101.9), said desalinated water gets liquefied, and then exits the system through an exit pipe (101.8). A desalination water removal pipe (101.15) flows from outside the system to said desalination chamber (101.3), and drives water by a pump (101.12). The salted water is pumped out of said desalination chamber (101.3) by the means of a pump (101.11) through a pipe (101.13), which is driven through said heat exchanger (101.9). Said water collects the heat supplied by other pipes (99.5, 101.14) when flowing through said heat exchanger (101.9). Said heated
191 salted water is then finally driven out of the heat exchanger (101.9), and hence out of the system by a pipe (101.10).
A vertical light driving pipe (102.3) can be comprised over a heat exchanger or steam generator (102.7), which transfers heat to two separate water driving conduits (102.1, 102.2) simultaneously. One water conduit (102.2) is for hydrogen fuel production, and the other pipe (102.1) is for desalination applications. Said heat exchanger or steam generator (102.7) also supplies heat to the primary circuit pipe (102.13), which comprises a pump (102.11) to drive said primary circuit fluid. Said first water pipe (102.5) drives heated water over a desalination salt removal pipe (102.6) in the form of steam. A membrane (102.8) allows oxygen to be driven through, and said oxygen is removed through a pipe (102.12). The hydrogen is stored inside a tank (102.4) after the process. Said desalinated water is removed from the salt when flowing in the form of steam over a slat removal pipe (102.9), and is driven through a pipe (102.10) out of the system to a desalinated water storage tank.
A vertical light driving pipe (103.1) can also be comprised over a heat exchanger or steam generator (103.6), which supplies heat to both primary circuit pipe (103.10) and hydrogen production water pipe (103.2) simultaneously. A pump (103.7) drives said primary circuit fluid. Said water gets evaporated in said heat exchanger (103.6), and then flows through a pipe (103.3) in the form of steam. The salt is removed when said steam flows over a salt evacuation pipe (102.6). The oxygen is driven through a membrane (103.8), and is removed through a pipe (103.9). A separate pipe (103.4) drives part of the steam separately to said desalinated water storage facility. Said hydrogen is stored inside a hydrogen fuel tank (103.5).
Said solar ray concentrating tower mast structures (104.10) can also be comprised one (104.10) beside the other (104.10) along a linear pattern, with all driving the concentrated
192 light rays downwards through vertical light driving pipes (104.1). Said pipes can comprise a central vertical pipe (104.2) which projects vertically down to a focal point (104.5), and the other laterally positioned pipes (104.1) can drive the light rays simultaneously to flat reflection mirrors (104.3). Said mirrors (104.3) are inclined at half of the angle of reflection of said light rays, compared to said vertical (104.1) and said follow down (104.4) pipes. Said flat reflection mirrors (104.3) thus drive said light rays through follow down pipes (104.4) to said central focal point (104.5), where all light rays are met together, and concentrated. Said mirrors (104.3) comprise the whole cross-sectional area of said upper vertical light driving pipes (104.1) in order to ensure that all light rays are reflected through said pipes (104.4). Said design hence forms V shaped pipe architectures (104.4) around said central vertical pipe (104.2), and is a vital improvement for the light concentration system, as said light rays can be all easily concentrated by driving these through pipes (104.4) from tower mast structures (104.10) which are comprised one beside the other, hence dramatically increasing the temperatures produced at said focal light point (104.5) by factors of much more than 100 %, compared to a set of tower mast structures (104.10) which comprise each a separate heat exchanger (104.7).
Said vertical light driving pipes (104.1) are hence comprised one (104.1) beside the other (104.1). The fluid to be heated can be driven through a pipe (104.6) which flows through a heat exchanger or steam generator (104.7) comprised just at said light ray focal point (104.5), hence transferring a large amount of heat to said fluid instantly. A pump (104.8) drives then said heated fluid through a follow up pipe (104.9). Said pipe (104.6) can either project in parallel to the direction of projection of the linear pattern of tower mast structures (104.10), and hence of vertical light driving pipes (104.1). This means that a plurality of said patterns can be comprised beside the other (104.1) in a power generation system, with a plurality of pipes (104.6) being concerned. Said plurality of pipes can separate before flowing through
193 said heat exchangers or steam generators (104.7), and then reunite after said process into a single evacuation pipe for the heated fluid concerned, hence driving said heated fluid to the required steam turbine. Said sets of tower mast structures (104.1) should preferably be comprised in parallel to each other (104.1), hence meaning that said sets of light concentrating pipes (104.4) should also be comprised in parallel to each other (104.4), such that said each of said fluid pipes (104.6) project in parallel to the set of tower mast structures (104.1) and light concentrating pipes (104.4) concerned.
Additionally, or alternatively, said pipe (104.6) can project perpendicularly to the direction of projection of said linear seta of tower mast structures (104.10), and hence of said linear set of vertical light driving pipes (104.1), hence meaning that said pipe (104.6) can flow through a plurality of heat exchangers or steam generators (104.7), one (104.7) after the other (104.7), such that one (104.7) is comprised for each set of vertical light driving pipes (104.1). Said pipe then drives said heated fluid to the required steam turbine. Said pipe (104.6) can hence flow projecting perpendicularly to a plurality of linear patterns of tower mast structures (104.10), which are comprised one (104.10) beside the other (104.10), but flowing under said tower mast structures (104.10), and hence under said focal light points (104.5), thus flowing through said heat exchangers or steam generators (104.7) comprised for each linearly projecting set of tower mast structures (104.10).
Said single pipe is hence driving through all the heat exchangers or steam generators (104.7) comprised in the system, and should be a primary circuit pipe which makes part of a closed primary circuit which drives pressurised fluid, or can be said energy storage fluid pipe (105.2) . Both of said pipes (104.7, 105.2) can also be comprised projecting in parallel to each other, and hence be driven simultaneously through said heat exchangers or steam generators (104.7, 105.4). Said heat exchangers or steam generators (104.7, 105.4) should preferably be
194 comprised beside each other, hence comprising said sets of vertically projecting light driving pipes (104.1) projecting in linear patterns, and in parallel to each other.
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (105.4) can also supply heat to the primary circuit pipe (105.6) and said other pipe (105.2) simultaneously. Said pipe (105.2) can also be the energy storage fluid pipe (105.2), such that said pipe (105.2) can supply heat to said primary circuit pipe (105.6) via said heat exchanger or steam generator (105.4). Pumps (105.1, 105.3) can drive said primary circuit fluid (105.3) and said energy storage fluid (105.1). Said primary circuit pipe (105.5) is then driven away from said heat exchanger or steam generator (105.4) to drive the required steam turbine.
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (106.3) can supply heat to the energy storage fluid pipe (106.2), the primary circuit pipe (106.8) and the desalination water supply pipe (106.7) simultaneously. Said energy storage fluid is then driven by a pump (106.4) in a heated state through a pipe (106.5), while the primary circuit fluid, preferably water, is driven out to the steam turbine by a pipe (106.19). A pump (106.1) drives said primary circuit fluid through said heat exchanger or steam generator (106.3). A pump (106.10) drives said water supply into said heat exchanger or steam generator (106.18), but through the downward inclined part (106.18), hence forcing the salt to flow by gravity downwards to said desalination chamber (106.13), hence avoiding any salt blockages. The steam is driven up through said chamber (106.12) to an upper connected pipe (106.15) for desalination application, and through a horizontally connecting pipe (106.14) for hydrogen fuel production applications simultaneously. The opposite way round is also perfectly possible. Said desalination chamber (106.12) comprises a lower water content (106.13), to which the salt falls by gravity. A supply pipe (106.9) drives water by a pump (106.11) to said chamber (106.13), while another pipe simultaneously drives said salted water through another pipe (106.16), and is driven by
195 another pump (106.17), hence avoiding any water level alterations in said chamber (106.12) due to both pumps maintaining approximately the same volume flow rate per unit of time.
Said water can be driven through a pipe (107.1) to a pump (107.2), which drives said water through a valve (107.3) which constantly regulates the flow rate. Said follow up pipe (107.6) drives oxygen through a pipe (107.5), and hence through a membrane (107.7), while said hydrogen is driven through another membrane (107.8). The flat transparent lens (107.4) is comprised at the bottom of said concentrating sate of pipes (104.2, 104.4), but over said focal light ray point, such that said light ray focal point is comprised inside the pipe (107.9) through which hydrogen flows. Thus, hydrogen is liquefied when passing under said lens (107.4) by the laser cooling process. Said pipe (107.9) then drives said liquefied hydrogen to a storage tank. Said lens (107.4) also isolates said pipe (107.9) from the interior of said light ray driving pipes (104.2, 104.4).
A connecting water driving pipe (108.1) can also be attached to the water supply pipe (108.2) for any other applications. Said oxygen is removed through a separate pipe (108.3), after said water is driven through said pump (107.2) and regulating valve (107.3).
Said sets of tower mast structures (109.2, 109.5) can be comprised in two separate sets of tower mast structures (109.5), which each from a V shaped pipe architecture (109.6, 109.7) on each set of concentrating light driving pipes (109.6, 109.7). One set of light driving pipes (109.1), comprises the vertical light driving pipes (109.1), which drive light rays to a set of flat mirrors (109.3). Said mirrors (109.3) are inclined to half the angle of change of direction of said light rays, and cover all the cross-sectional area of said vertical light driving pipes (109.1, 109.4) to ensure that all light rays are appropriately reflected. Said mirrors (109.3) hence drive the light rays through light concentrating pipes (109.6), which drive said light rays to a focal point area, where all light rays of all pipes (109.6, 109.7) meet together.
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Simultaneously, said other set of vertical light driving pipes (109.4), is comprised under said tower mast structures (109.5), and drive said light rays to a set of flat mirrors (109.3), which drive said light rays through concentrated light driving pipes (109.7) to a focal point area, where all concentrated light rays meet, and which is comprised under a flat transparent lens (109.10) .
So, a water pipe (109.8) drives water through a heat exchanger or steam generator (109.9) comprised at the focal meeting point of said light rays in said initial set of pipes (109.6). Said steam separates into oxygen, which is driven through a membrane (109.12), and then through an evacuation pipe (109.11), while said hydrogen is driven through said pipe (109.8), and through a membrane (109.15) which only allows hydrogen through, and then through a regulating valve (109.14), and finally through a pump (109.13), which drives said gaseous hydrogen through said follow up pipe (109.16). Said pipe (109.16) drives said gaseous hydrogen through the focal light point of said other set of pipes (109.7). This process results in the liquefaction of hydrogen by the laser cooling process. Said flat transparent lens (109.10) isolates said pipe (109.16) from said light driving pipes (109.7).
Many other power generation, water treatment or water transformation applications are possible with said set of light concentration pipe layouts and architectures (109.6, 109.7), which can be more than two (109.6, 109.7), but are two (109.6, 109.7) in this particular case.
Said primary circuit pipe (110.9) can be driven through a heat exchanger (110.8) which supplies heat to said primary circuit water, prior of said primary circuit water being driven as steam through a pipe (110.12) to a steam turbine (110.14). Said turbine (110.14) drives a generator (110.15) to generate electricity. Said primary circuit fluid is then driven away by a pipe (110.13) after driving said turbine (110.14).
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Simultaneously, a pipe (110.11) supplies energy storage fluid through said heat exchanger or steam generator (110.3), which is comprised at said focal meeting pint of said light rays. Said fluid is driven by a pump (110.2) through said heat exchanger or steam generator (110.3). Said heated fluid is then driven through a pipe (110.6), through said heat exchanger (110.8), where it transfers part of the newly received heat to the primary circuit fluid pipe (110.9). Said heated energy storage fluid flows through said heat exchanger (110.8), and is then driven out of the system through a pipe (110.10) to said energy storage fluid tank. Said energy storage fluid should preferably be molten salt, pressurised steam or synthetic oil.
Simultaneously, another water pipe (110.1) is driven through a connecting downward inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (110.4), through which water evaporates, and hence converts into steam. The salt falls by gravity to said desalination chamber (106.12), while said steam flows upwards through said desalination chamber (106.12). Said steam flows through a separate upward connecting pipe (110.5) for desalinated water storage and usage applications, while another horizontally connecting pipe (110.7) drives water for hydrogen production applications.
Said sets of pipes (104.4, 104.2, 109.6, 109.7) should comprise at least one (104.4, 109.6, 109.7), and preferably at least two (104.4) side pipes being comprised along each side of said central light driving pipe (104.2), but should most preferably comprise more than two pipes (104.4) at each side of said central light driving pipe (104.2), such that the concentrated light rays of all pipes at said focal light ray meeting point (104.5) get as intense and as hot as possible. This will maximise the heating efficiency of said power generation system, as the fluids in said pipes (104.6, 109.8, 109.16) will be heated to as high temperatures as possible in the minimum amount of time possible. This design will also minimise components as much as possible at the same time, notably the number of heat exchangers or steam generators (104.7, 109.9) required.
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Said lower light driving pipes (104.4, 109.6, 109.7) which are comprised beside said central vertical light driving pipe (104.2), form a V-shape about said central vertical light driving pipe (104.2), and concentrate all light rays of all pipes (104.4, 109.6, 109.7) towards said focal light ray meeting pint (104.5), which is comprised under said central vertical light driving pipe (104.2). Said side pipes (104.4, 109.6, 109.7) hence project towards said focal light ray meeting point (104.5), hence driving the light rays towards said target (104.5) from said flat reflection mirrors (104.3, 109.3).
Said primary circuit pipe (111.12) can also drive said primary circuit fluid by a pump (111.2) through a heat exchanger or steam generator (111.4), which is comprised under said light ray meeting focal point (104.5). Said heated primary circuit fluid, preferably water, is then driven in the form of steam through a pipe (111.7) to the required steam turbine. An upper water supply pipe (111.3) drives water to a downward inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (111.5). Said water evaporates in said heat exchanger or steam generator (111.5), and is driven upwards along said desalination chamber (111.6) to a pipe (111.10), which drives said steam to a desalinated water storage tank. Simultaneously, another water supply pipe (111.1) drives water to a lower positioned downward inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (111.16). After converting into steam, said water flows upwards through a lower positioned separate desalination chamber (111.19) to a pipe (111.8), which supplies said steam for hydrogen fuel production applications. Said lower desalination chamber (111.19) is comprised under said upper desalination chamber (111.6).
A water supply pipe (111.15) supplies water by a pump (111.9) to said upper desalination chamber (111 .6), in order to supply water to remove the salt which falls from said heat exchanger or steam generator (111.5). Said salted water is drained down by gravity through a pipe (111.11) to the lower desalination chamber (111.19), where salt is also collected from said lower heat exchanger or steam generator (111.16). Another water pipe (111.17) supplies
199 water, driven by a pump (111. 14), to said lower desalination chamber (111.19). A water evacuation pipe (111.18) evacuates the salted water of said lower desalinisation chamber (111.19), and drives said salted water out of the system. Said salted water is driven out by a pump (111.13) through said exit pipe (111.18). The levels of water in both desalination chambers (111.6, 111.19) are not altered, as the pumps (111.9, 111.14) of the water supply pipes (111.15, 111.17), as well as the pump (111.13) of the water evacuation pipe (111.18), are constantly computer monitored to ensure that the total inner flow rate is approximately equal to the outward flow rate of salted water through said exit pipe (111.18).
Said upper desalination chamber (112.1) can comprise its inner lower positioned water basin (112.2), which comprises the water into which the salt falls. The steam can however be simultaneously driven through two separate pipes (112.3, 112.4). One pipe (112.3) can connect to the upper part of said desalination chamber (112.1), and drive steam to a steam turbine (112.6), which in turn drives a generator (112.7) to generate electricity. Said water is then driven through an exit pipe (112.8) out of the system. The other pipe (112.4) can connect horizontally to the upper part of said desalination chamber (112.1), and can drive steam to a desalinated water storage tank. The hydrogen fuel steam supply pipe (112.5) can be driven from the lower desalination chamber (111.19).
Said upper desalination chamber (113.1) can also connect only to the desalination water supply pipe (113.4), while the lower desalination chamber (113.7) can connect horizontally to a pipe (113.3) which supplies steam for hydrogen fuel production, and to another pipe (113.2) which supplies steam to a steam turbine (113.5). Said turbine (113.5) drives a generator (113.6) to generate electricity. Said remaining steam is then driven out from said turbine (113.5) by a pipe (113.8).
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Said upper horizontally projecting heat exchanger or steam generator (114.2) can comprise a primary circuit water pipe (114.1) which drives water supplied from outside the system, such that the steam can then be driven through a pipe (114.3) for hot water supply applications. Said pipe (114.1, 114.3) can alternatively be the energy storage fluid driving pipe. Another pipe (114.4) can drive water simultaneously through the lower downward inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (114.5), and can hence drive steam through the desalination chamber (114.6). From said chamber (114.6), a pipe (114.7) can drive desalinated water to a desalinated water storage tank for industrial or household applications.
Said energy storage fluid circuit (115.3) can also comprise a pipe (115.3) which drives said fluid by the means of a pump (115.2) to said horizontally projecting heat exchanger or steam generator (115.1), hence driving said superheated energy storage fluid through an exit pipe (115.5) back to the tank. Said fluid should be preferably molten salt, pressurised steam or synthetic oil. Said lower downward inclined heat exchanger or steam generator (115.4) can supply desalinated steam to said desalination chamber (115.6) for hydrogen fuel production and desalinated water storage applications, which can be used for industrial or household applications.
Said tower mast structures (116.2) can be comprised beside each other (116.2), but making two sets of tower mast structures (116.3) being comprised beside each other (116.3), such that two sets of vertical light driving pipes (116.1) can be comprised beside each other. Said sets of vertical pipes (116.1) consists of two laterally positioned vertical light driving pipes (116.6) , which are comprised one (116.6) beside the other (116.6), and which drive concentrated light rays to two separate focal meeting light points (116.8) simultaneously. This means that said pipes (116.6) drives light rays to two separate focal meeting light points (116.8) at the same time, while said light meeting focal points (116.8) are still comprised one (116.8) beside the other (116.8).
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On each outer side of said vertical light driving pipes (116.6), a set of ate least one (116.5), and preferably at least two (116.5) concentrating light driving pipes (116.5), are comprised. These (116.5) form a half V-shaped pipe architecture geometry (116.5) for each set of concentrating light driving pipes (116.5, 116.6). Said laterally positioned vertical light driving pipes (116.1), each (116.1) drive the light rays to an inclined side mirror (116.4), which reflects said light rays towards said meeting point area (116.8). Said mirrors (116.4) are inclined at half the angle of change of direction of said light rays, and cover the entire vertically viewed cross-sectional area of said vertical light driving pipes (116.1).
One of said light meeting focal points (116.8) can be comprised over a heat exchanger or steam generator (116.9), which supplies heat to the water being supplied by a water pipe (116.7). Said steam is then driven through a pipe (116.10), where said oxygen is driven through a membrane (116.15), and then through a pipe for industrial applications (116.14). Said hydrogen is driven through a membrane (116.17), and then through a valve (116.16) to regulate the flow rate. A pump (116.11) then drives said hydrogen under a flat transparent lens (116.12), and hence under the focal light meeting point (116.8) of said next set of light concentrating pipes. Said flat transparent lens (116.12) isolates the pipe (116.13) through which hydrogen flows from said light concentrating pipe interiors (116.5, 116.8), such that said hydrogen is liquefied when flowing under said lens (116.12) by the laser cooling process.
The further is a vertical light driving pipe (116.1) from the central vertical light driving pipe (104.2, 116.6), the greater is the angle of change of direction of said light rays towards said light meeting focal point (104.5, 116.8), hence meaning that the greater is the inclination of said light concentrating pipes (104.4, 116.5) in comparison to the direction of projection of said vertical light driving pipes (104.1, 104.2, 109.1, 109.4, 116.1, 116.6). This means that the greater is the distance of a vertical light driving pipe (116.1) from the central vertical light
202 driving pipe (104.2, 116.6), the greater is the angle of inclination of said flat reflection mirrors (104.3, 109.3, 116.4) in comparison to the direction of projection of said vertical light driving pipes (104.1, 104.2, 109.1, 109.4, 116.1, 116.6). Said design is comprised in both half V-shaped (104.4) and V-shaped (116.5) pipe design layouts (104.4, 116.5), as said light concentrating pipes (104.4, 116.5) should always supply the light rays to said light ray meeting focal point (104.5, 116.8).
Said pipe layout architectures comprise said characteristics, as said light rays should always be driven to the light meeting focal point (104.5, 116.8) of said system, in order to supply heat to a heat exchanger or steam generator (104.7, 109.9, 116.9), or to a fluid pipe (104.6, 109.16, 116.13). Said flat reflection mirrors (104.3, 109.3, 116.4) should always be inclined in accordance to the change in direction of projection between said side vertical light driving pipes (116.1), and said light concentrating pipes (104.4, 116.5), as said pipes (104.4, 116.5) should always supply all incoming light rays to the light meeting focal point (104.5, 116.8) of the light concentration system concerned.
So, the greater is the distance of a connecting vertical light driving pipe (116.1) from said central vertical light driving pipe (104.2, 116.6), the greater is the angle between the directions of projection of the two light driving concentrating pipes (104.4, 116.5) comprised on each side of said central vertical light driving pipe (104.2, 116.6). Said central vertical light driving pipe (104.2, 116.6) always drives light rays directly from a vertical light driving pipe (104.2, 116.6) to said focal light ray meeting point (104.5, 116.8).
Said concentrating light driving pipes (104.4, 116.5) are inclined to supply all light rays to said light meeting focal point (104.5, 116.8), and said angels of inclination hence are reduced in accordance to said central vertical light driving pipe (104.2, 116.6), as said vertical light
203 driving pipes (104.1, 104.2, 109.1, 109.4, 116.1, 116.6) are comprised closer to said central vertical light driving pipe (104.2, 116.6), which is the pipe of reference.
Said tower mast structures (117.15) can be comprised on any position around the light ray meeting point (117.5). Each of said tower mast structures (117.15) comprises vertical light driving pipes (117.15) which drive said light rays to a light concentrating pipe (117.10), which drive said light rays to said light meeting focal area (117.5). Said concentrating pipes (117.3) of said inner vertical light driving pipes (117.15) are comprised over said outer concentrating light driving pipes (117.14). Said vertical light driving pipes (117.15) are surrounded by the circular walls (117.1, 117.6). The stability plates (117.9, 117.11) which surround said tower mast structures (117.1, 117.6), are comprised around said masts (117.1,
117.6). Said upper (117.13) and lower (117.14) light concentrating pipes meet at a point (117.7) just before reaching said targeted light meeting focal point (117.5).
Said central tower mast structure (117.5) comprises said vertical light driving pipe (117.5), which comprises a circular wall (117.6) around said pipe (117.5), and comprises a stability plate (117.110 comprised around said wall (117.6). A fluid pipe (117.2) can drive fluid through a valve (117.3), and then to a pump (117.4), which drives said fluid under a flat transparent lens (117.8), which is where said focal light ray meeting point is. This process allows to cool a fluid with the laser cooling process, or to heat it to very high temperatures instantly when flowing under said transparent lens (117.8). Such fluid can be hydrogen, which is liquefied by the laser cooling process. Said fluid is then driven away through an exit pipe (117.12).
A plurality of fluid driving pipes (118.1) can drive fluid by the means of pumps (118.2) to a point (118.3), where all pipes (118.1) flow through a heat exchanger or steam generator (118.4) to supply heat to the fluids in said pipes (118.1). Said pipes (118.6) exit said heat
204 exchanger or steam generator (118.4) being comprised one (118.6) over the other (118.6). When said pipes (118.1) flows from the intake point (118.3) to the exit point (118.5), and hence through said heat exchanger or steam generator (118.4), said pipes (118.1) are being driven over each other (118.1). After flowing through the exit point (118.5), said pipes (118.6) can flow separately to the required applications. Said heat exchanger or steam generator can also be used to soapy heat from one pipe (118.1) to the other (118.1) during dark hours, or during maintenance hours. A good example is the transfer of heat from the energy storage fluid pipe to the primary circuit pipe, two pipes (118.1) which form part of said plurality of pipes (118.1) being driven into said heat exchanger or steam generator (118.4). The third pipe (118.1) can be the water desalination supply pipe (118.1). All pipes (118.1, 118.6) remain constantly separated at all times, also when flowing through said heat exchanger or steam generator (118.4).
Said design architecture layout of tower mast structures (117.15, 117.5) is an evolution in power station design using the solar ray concentrators concerned in this invention, as said mast structures (117.15, 117.5) can be comprised in parallel to each other, perpendicular to each other, or between the two, or all at once in the same power station design, as comprised (117.5, 117.15), hence minimising building and operating costs, as said heat exchangers or steam generators (118.4) and pipes (117.2, 118.1) are hence reduced to the minimum. Said light concentrating pipes (117.10, 117.13, 117.14) can hence connect any tower mast structure (117.5, 117.15) to said central light ray meeting focal point (117.5) from any point around said central tower mast structure (117.5). Sid tower mast structures (117.5, 117.15) do not need to be in a linear, perpendicular or parallel layout to each other. Said light concentrating pipes (117.10, 117.13, 117.14) can project in parallel to each other, perpendicular to each other, or over each other. Said light rays are driven through said
205 vertically projecting light driving pipes (117.5, 117.15) before being driven through said light concentrating pipes (117.10, 117.13, 117.14).
Said reflection mirrors (119.1, 119.6) of said tower mast structure (1.1), drive the concentrated light rays to a vertical light driving pipe (3.7), which is comprised inside the lower mast area (3.1) of said solar ray concentrator (1.1). Said rays are driven through the flat transparent lens (119.5), which isolates the interior of said inner pipe (3.7) from said outer medium, hence minimising dirt and pollution of undesired particles inside said pipe (3.7).
Said horizontal member (119.7) which sustains said outer reflection mirror (119.1), is comprised over the surface of the closed housing structure (119.9). A sealed circular member (119.8) avoids any water from dripping into said closed housing structure (119.9). Said housing consists of said (119.3) and upper (119.4, 119.9) walls, with a set of side (119.10,
119.12) and upper (119.11) closed walled structures for the control room area (119.11). Said flat transparent lens (119.5) is comprised under said horizontally projecting member (119.2), which attaches to it (119.5), and which has a length longer than the diameter of said tower mast (3.7), in order to avoid the rain from dripping over said transparent lens (119.5).
Said pipe (117.2) can be one pipe of said plurality of pipes (118.1), which were initially supplied with heat through said heat exchanger or steam generator (118.4), and which can, after the oxygen and hydrogen separation process from steam, now drive gaseous hydrogen through said pipe (117.2) under a flat transparent lens (117.8), which liquefies said hydrogen fuel by the laser cooling process. Said follow up pipe (117.12) can then drive said liquid hydrogen to a hydrogen storage tank for fuelling applications and industrial applications.
Said tower mast structure design can comprise a set of Plano concave mirrors (120.6) which are comprised under said rotational pivot point (120.3), and which are sustained by structures (120.4), which connect said Plano concave mirror (120.6) to said rotational pivot point
206 (120.3) . Said tower mast structure (120.2) is rotated about the central axis (120.2) of said mast structure (120.2). The electrical supply, supplies electricity to a position light (120.1), which is comprised on top of said mast (120.2) in order to avoid any aircraft of colliding with said mast (120.2) during poor visibility conditions.
Said sealing member (120.19) avoids any water of dripping along said mast (120.2) from penetrating inside the closed housing structure (120.20), which is comprised of side (120.17, 120.21, 120.23) and upper (120.18, 120.20, 120.22) closed and sealed walling structures. The control cables (120.8) and electrical power supply, flow along a path (120.12), which is comprised inside said mast (120.2), but along the rear part of said mast structure (120.2). The control cables (120.8) are submitted to tensional stresses from said mirrors (120.6), by a set of wheels (120.5, 120.10), with one wheel (120.5) comprised near to said pivot (120.1), and one wheel (120.10) comprised inside said mast (120.2) to drive said cables along said vertical cable driving path (120.12). Each of said Plano concave mirrors (120.6) is comprised at the end of a horizontally projecting member (120.11).
A heat collection fluid supply pipe (120.16) is driven up said mast (120.2), and passes under each Plano concave mirror (120.6) at the rotational pivot (120.3) point, hence collecting the heat concentrated by said Plano concave mirror (120.6). Said control cables (120.8) adjust the positions of said Plano concave mirrors (120.6) according the position of the sun. Each Plano concave mirror (120.6) comprises its own control cable (120.8), and rotates about said pivot (120.3) when required. At each horizontally projecting member (120.11), an intake pipe (120.9) supplies heat colleting fluid to said rotational pivot point (120.3), which comprises a pipe through which said fluid is driven. Said fluid is then driven out through an exit pipe (120.7).
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Said fluid is driven through a pipe angle (120.14), which hence drive said fluid upwards to the next Plano concave mirror (120.6). Said fluid is then driven downwards through a vertical exit pipe (120.15) after collecting the heat from the top Plano concave mirror (120.6). Said fluid should preferably be water, synthetic oil, pressurised steam or molten salt. Said fluid supply pipe (120.16) is reduced to a single pipe (120.13) after passing beside said sealed member (120.19). Both of said pipes (120.7, 120.9) are driven in parallel to each other through said horizontally projecting member (120.11).
Said tower mast structure (121.1) can also comprise horizontally projecting members (121.11) which are comprised over each other (121.11) at equal vertical distances between each other (121.11). A cylindrical rotational pivot component (121.4) is comprised at the upper surface of the end of said horizontally projecting members (121.11). A set of at least two members (121.14) connect said pivot member (121.4) to the lower surface of a Plano concave mirror (121.12). In such a design, said Plano concave mirrors (121.12) are comprised over each other, and at equal vertical distances from each other (121.12).
A heat collection fluid is driven from said pivot member (121.4) to said upper member (121.6) by a pipe (121.7). Each of said top members is sustained to the lower positioned Plano concave mirror (12 E12) by a set of members (121.10), which connect said Plano concave mirror (121.12) to said upper member (12E6). Said fluid is driven through a pipe (12E2) which projects in parallel to the surface of said Plano concave mirror (121.12), hence flowing through said upper members (12E2) on both sides of said mirror (121.12). Said fluid is then driven back through a pipe (12E7) which projects in parallel to said intake pipe (121.7) . Said fluid is then driven through the exit pipe (121.8) along said horizontally projecting member (121.11). The intake pipe (12E9) supplies the fluid by also projecting horizontally through said horizontally projecting member (12E11), in parallel to said exit pipe (12E8).
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Said mast structure (121.1) projects vertically, and rotates about its centre point of crosssection for appropriate orientation towards the sun. Said fluid is supplied by the intake fluid pipe (121.13) which flows vertically up said mast structure (121.1), and which projects vertically along said exit pipe (121.15), which drives said fluid down through said mast structure (121.1), and is embedded inside said intake pipe (121.13) at said tower mast basement (120.19). Said intake fluid pipe collects heat over each Plano concave mirror (121.12) before said fluid is driven down through said exit pipe (121.15). Each rotational pivot member (121.4) comprises a tensioned wire (121.5) which is in a tensional stress mode, and which is sustained by a wheel (121.3), which is situated behind said horizontal member (121.11). Said system can hence control the orientation of said Plano concave mirror (121.12) according to the sun when necessary. Said Plano concave mirrors (121.12) are comprised over said rotational pivot (121.4), and are rotated about said pivot (121.4) when orientation adjustments about the sun’s position are necessary.
Said tower mast structure (122.3a) comprises the electrical power supply wire (122.2a), which supplies power to said position light (122.5a) at the top of said vertical mast (122.3a). The fluid pipes (122.7a) are driven from two pints (122.4a, 122.6a), which include the intake pipe (122.4a) and the exit pipe point (122.6a). Two hollow points (122.11a, 122.12a) provide path to the two control wires (122. la), which control the two sides of said mirror (122. la) simultaneously, and which are sustained in position by a wheel (122.15a) which is comprised at each side of said mirror (122.10). Sid wires (122.16a) connect to the rotational pivot member (122.23a) at each side.
Said Plano concave mirror (122.10a) is sustained by two members (122.9a) which project on parallel to said mirror (122.10a), and which are sustained to a member (122.14a), which is comprised at each side of said mirror (122.10a). Said fluid pipe (122.20a) is driven through a connecting member (122.19a) to a member (122.21a) which is comprised in parallel to said
209 mirror (122.10a), through which said fluid pipe (122.22a) collects the heat concentrated by said lower positioned mirror (122.10a). Said fluid is then driven through said connecting members (122.17a, 122.24a) on the other side, hence flowing through said exit pipe (122.18a) to the rear connecting member (122.8a). Said pipe (122.7a) hence drives said fluid back to said mast structure (122.3a) through said rear connecting member (122.8a). Said rear connecting member (122.8a) connects to said perpendicularly projecting members (122.17a) at each side, which sustain said Plano concave mirror (122.10a).
Said electrical cable (122.2b) supplies power to the top positioned position light (122.1b) at the top of said mast structure (122.3b). Said members (122.7b) sustain said Plano concave mirror (122.9b). A member (122.8b) can connect the pivot areas (122.6b) of the two sides of said mirror (122.9b), and hence drive said heat collection pipe (122.5b) through said member (122.8b). This would minimise energy requirements when rotating said mirror (122.9b), as the centre of mass of said mirror (122.9b) will be nearer to said pivot point (122.6b). The bottom surface (122.10b) of said Plano concave mirror (122.9b) can be seen from the front, as said mirror (122.9b) is inclined towards the sun. The heat collection fluid pipe (122.17b) is driven through a side horizontal member (122.13b) to a vertical member (122.19b), through which said pipe (122.20b) is driven. Said fluid pipe is then driven through said pivot area (122.6b), and then through the upper member (122.1 lb), through which said pipe (122.12b) accesses the top area (122.4b).
Said fluid pipe (122.5b) then collects the heat concentrated by the light rays, which are concentrated by said Plano concave mirror (122.9b) when said fluid flows through the upper member (122.4b). Said fluid pipe (122.5b) is then driven back to the mast structure (122.3b) by the pipe (122.14b) comprised on the other side of said mast structure (122.3b). The intake fluid pipe (122.22b) supplies fluid to each member (122.4b) comprised over each Plano concave mirror (122.9b) before being driven up said mast structure (122.3b) to the next Plano
210 concave mirror (122.9b). Said exit pipe (122.15b) projects vertically downwards through said mast structure (122.3b), in parallel to said intake fluid supply pipe (122.22b) after collecting the heat of the top Plano concave mirror (122.9b). Said heat collection fluid should preferably be water, synthetic oil, pressurised steam or molten salt. Said fluid pipe (122.23b) projects through said pivot points (122.6b), and then connect to said upper member (122.1 lb) through a right angled pipe member (122.29b), hence driving said heat collection fluid through said upward member (122.1 lb) as said pipe (122.12b).
Said top mirror (122.9b) comprises a tensioned wire (122.16b) which is sustained by a wheel (122.27b), such that said wire (122.26b) is positioned under said mirror (122.9b) until reaching an outer wheel (122.18b), where said wire (122.24b) projects to the pivot point (122.6b) of said mirror (122.9b), around which said wire’s end (122.21b) is positioned. Said design is also comprised for all other lower mirrors (122.9b), where tensioned wires (122.28b) which project in parallel to the other wires (122.16b) and pipes (122.15b, 122.22b), are sustained in a tensional stress mode by an inner wheel (122.27b) which sustains said wire with another outer pulley (122.25b) comprised further away than the end of said mirror (122.9b) from said mast structure (122.3b). The vertical wires (122.28b) of said lower mirror should always be preferably comprised further apart from said central point (122.2b) of said mast structure (122.3b) than said wires (122.16b) of said upper mirror (122.9b).
Said mast structure (123.1) can comprise the inner (123.3) and outer (123.2) flat solar ray collection mirrors, as on other tower mast structure designs (1.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5,
13.5) comprised in this invention, but with the position occupied by said Plano concave (1.7,
2.4, 7.11, 8.11, 9.4, 9.9) or concave (9.16, 9.22, 10.3, 11.4, 12.3, 13.3) mirrors, being comprised with a replacement mirror, consisting of an upward projecting Plano concave mirror (123.6). Said system functions with said Plano concave mirrors (123.6) hence being
211 comprised over each other (123.6) at equal vertical distances, and which are comprised over said horizontal members (123.16) which sustain said outer flat light collection mirror (123.2).
Two members (123.10, 123.9) sustain the bottom of said Plano concave mirror (123.6) to said horizontal member (123.16) by a member (123.10), and said concentrating vertical member (1.9) by said other member (123.9). Sets of members (123.8) sustain said upper fluid driving pipe (123.5) over the upper surface of said Plano concave mirror (123.6). So, a fluid driving pipe (123.15) flows vertically upwards, and embeds said exit pipe (123.13), such that then, said intake pipe (123.14) flows as a single pipe to the intake pipe (123.12) of the first fluid driving pipe (123.5).
So, said fluid is then driven through said pipe (123.5), hence collecting the heat supplied by the light rays that are concentrated by said Plano concave mirror (123.6). After said fluid flows overt the entire length of said mirror (123.6), said fluid is driven through the exit pipe (123.11) back to said mast structure (123.1). The process always starts at the lowest Plano concave mirror (123.6). Said mirrors (123.6) are positioned over said horizontally projecting member (123.16), which attach to said mast structure (123.1). The fluid is then driven further upwards through said supply pipe (123.7) to the next upper Plano concave mirror (123.6), and then back, until arriving to the supply pipe (123.12) of the top Plano concave mirror (123.6). So, after being driven over said mirror (123.6), said fluid is driven through the exit pipe (123.4), and then through the downward projecting exit pipe (123.13), which projects vertically downwards through said mast structure (123.1), and which is comprised inside said mast structure (123.1).
Both supply (123.12) and exit (123.4, 123.11) pipes project in parallel to each other. Said heat collection fluid should be preferably water, molten salt, pressurised steam or synthetic oil. This system allows said fluid to collect heat through a simplified system, without the
212 need to rotate said Plano concave mirrors (123.6), but is however less effective than the solar ray concentrators (1.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5) comprised in this invention, as said light rays cannot be concentrated to high enough light ray intensities. Each of said Plano concave mirrors (123.6) is comprised under the corresponding inner flat light ray collection mirror (123.3), which reflects the light rays vertically downwards towards said Plano concave mirror (123.6), as required. In this design case, no other mirrors are needed apart from the inner (123.5) and outer (123.2) flat light collection mirrors, and said Plano concave mirrors (123.6). Said mast structure (123.1) is rotated about its centre axis for rotational orientation towards the sun’s position, when said adjustment is required.
Said inner (124.1) and outer (124.2) flat solar ray collation mirrors, can be positioned at the neutral position, which is in a vertically position (124.1) for the inner flat collection mirror (124.1) , and in a horizontal position (124.2) for the outer flat collection mirror (124.2), when the system should be out of operation or under maintenance works. Said mirrors (124.1, 124.2) are controlled by said actuation control wires (124.3), which are actuated by said control handle mechanisms (124.5, 124.6, 124.7) in said control room area. When said inner (124.1) and outer (124.2) mirrors are in the neutral positon, no light rays are projected over said Plano concave mirrors (124.4), hence meaning that no electrical power is generated by the system at said moment. Said wires (124.3) are controlled by said control mechanisms, which can be computer controlled, and which connect to the handle actuators (124.5, 124.6,
124.7).
Said Plano concave mirrors (125.1) can also comprise the rotational pivot (125.7) being comprised over the top surface of said Plano concave mirror (125.1). Said design will hence bring the centre of mass of said mirror (125.1) as close to the rotational pivot (125.7) as possible, hence minimising the energy required to rotate said mirrors (125.1) in either direction. Said fluid is driven through said pivot point (125.7), and hence through a pipe
213 (125.9), which connects to the pipe (125.5), which drives said fluid to the upper point (125.4) of said mirror (125.1). Said pipe (125.9) is hence driven through said point (125.4), hence driving said heat collection fluid through a pipe (125.2) which projects in parallel to the surface of said Plano concave mirror (125.1). After collecting said heat, said fluid is driven back down through another pipe (125.5), which is parallel to the supply pipe (125.5), but which projects on the other side of said Plano concave mirror (125.1).
Saud pivot member (125.7) is sustained by a horizontal member (121.11), over which said supply (121.9) and exit (121.8) pipes are driven, projecting in parallel to each other, and in parallel to said horizontal member’s (121.11) direction of projection. Side members (125.6) sustain said mirror (125.1) to said rotational pivot point (125.7), while two structures (125.3) sustain the upper point (125.4), along with said heat collection pipe (125.2) over said Plano concave mirror (125.1), and hence over said pivotal member (125.7). Said side (125.6) and upper (125.3) structures can join at a point (125.8) along said Plano concave mirror (125.1). Said Plano concave mirrors (125.1) are always rotated about said pivot member (125.7) for the case of each mirror (125.1). Said mirrors’ (125.1) orientations are controlled and adjusted by tensioned control wires (121.5).
Said control wires (126.1) can control said inner flat light collection mirrors (126.8) on the two ways, such that a tensioned wire (126.2) pulls clockwise on said rotational pivot (126.3), while another tensioned wire (126.5) pulls anticlockwise on said rotational pivot (126.3). Said design allows said flat mirror (126.8) to be constantly kept in the required positon, and not being moved by wind towards the unstressed direction. Additionally, said movement is easier, as said upward moving wire’s (126.2, 126.5) weight, is balanced by the weight downward moving wire (126.2, 126.5), or vice versa. Said rotational pivot (126.3) can also comprise an electric motor, which makes part of an electrical actuator, to rotate said mirror (126.8).
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Said outer flat solar ray collection mirror (126.10) can also comprise the same design around its rotational pivot (126.4), which can also comprise an electric motor which makes part of an electrical actuator to rotate said mirror (126.10). Said control wires (126.9) can hence also split into a tensioned wire (126.6) which pulls in the anticlockwise direction, and another tensioned wire (126.7) which pulls in the clockwise direction. Said design avoids said mirror (126.10) of moving along the unstressed direction due to wind, and the wires are balanced by each other when rotating said mirror (126.10) in either direction, hence minimising the energy required to rotate said mirror (126.10), as is comprised with said inner flat light ray collection mirrors (126.8).
The design of the layout of said light ray concentrating concave or Plano concave mirrors (126.13), and that of the light reflection mirrors (126.11), is not altered, and does not need to be altered to incorporate said design characteristics. Said control wires (126.1, 126.9) for the inner (126.1) and outer (126.9) flat light ray collection mirrors, are controlled from the control mechanisms which connect to said handles (126.12, 126.14, 126.15) in said control room area. Said actuation systems can also be computer controlled. Said actuation wires (126.2, 126.5, 126.6, 126.7) always attach to both sides of said handles (126.12, 126.14,
126.15) for the case of each mirror (126.8, 126.10) separately, such that control ease is maximised, and said mirrors (126.8, 126.10) can be moved to the vertical or horizontal positions independently to disable these (126.8, 126.10) in case that one of the wires (126.2,
126.5, 126.6, 126.7) snaps, or in any other emergency case scenario.
Said control wires (126.2, 126.5, 126.6, 126.7) always connect to both sides of the rotational pivots (126.3, 126.4) of said mirrors (126.8, 126.10) independently and separately.
Said solar ray concentrators which comprise said convex (127.3) and concave (127.4) mirrors, and which also comprise the inner (127.1) and outer (127.2) flat light ray collection
215 mirrors, can also comprise said above mentioned system design. So, the outer flat collection mirror (127.2) attaches to its rotational pivot (127.9), which in turn connects to a set of two actuation wires (127.5, 127.6). One wire (127.6) is in tensional stress, and pulls in the clockwise direction on said pivot member (127.9), while said other wire (127.5) is also in tensional stress mode, and pulls on the anticlockwise direction on said pivot member (127.9). So, when the control systems moves said pivot (127.9), both wires move simultaneously, hence comprising one wire (127.5, 127.6) moving up said mast (1.1), and the other wire (127.5, 127.6) moves simultaneously down said mast (1.1). As the weights of both wires are similar, the weight of the wire moving down cancels out the weight of the wire moving up, hence meaning that the energy required for the rotation of said mirror (127.2) is minimised.
All actuation wires which rotate the pivots (127.7, 127.9) of both inner (127.1) and outer (127.2) flat light ray collection mirrors, are driven in parallel (127.8) along said horizontal members (1.3) which sustain said mirrors in the required positions.
Said inner flat light collection mirrors (127.1) are sustain by the corresponding rotational pivots (127.7), which also comprise two actuation wires (127.10, 127.11) per pivot (127.7), as is the case for the outer flat light collection mirrors (127.2). One wire (127.11) pulls in the anticlockwise direction on said pivot (127.7) being in tensional stress mode constantly, while another wire (127.10) is simultaneously also in tensional stress mode constantly, and pulls in the clockwise direction on said pivot member (127.7). So, when said control system rotates said mirror (127.1) in either rotational direction, both wires (127.10, 127.11) make it (127.1) rotate, and the weight of one wire (127.10, 127.11) cancels the weight of the other wire (127.10, 127.11), hence minimising energy requirements for mirror (127.1) rotational adjustments.
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The control system can be computer controlled, and are always attached to the rotational handles (127.12, 127.13, 127.14), which are rotated when said mirrors (127.1, 127.2) are rotated simultaneously. One pull wire (127.5, 127.6, 127.10, 127.11) and one push wire attach to each side of each separate handle (127.12, 127.13, 127.14) for the actuation of each mirror (127.1, 127.2). Each of said mirrors (127.1, 127.2) comprises separate sets of actuation wires (127.5, 127.6, 127.10, 127.11), which attach to a separate handle (127.12, 127.13,
127.14).
Sad actuation system can also be comprised on the tower masts (1.1) which comprise Plano concave mirrors (128.3) which are rotated to be adjusted according to the sun’s position, and which are comprised over each other (128.3). Said upper members (128.2) sustain said upper part (125.4) to said Plano concave mirror, while said side members (128.4) sustain said rotational pivot member (128.7) to said Plano concave mirror’s (128.3) surface. Said actuation wires (128.1) are comprised as two separate wires (128.5, 128.6), which actuate the adjustment rotations of each of said Plano concave mirrors (128.3). Said Plano concave mirrors (128.3) are rotated about said rotational pivot (128.7) when these (128.3) are rotated, and the energy needed for each rotational adjustment is minimised, as the Plano concave mirrors (128.3) are comprised around said rotational pivots (128.7), hence bringing the centres of mass of said mirrors (128.3) as close to said pivot points (128.7) as possible.
For each mirror Plano concave (128.3), one wire (128.5) pulls on the anticlockwise direction on said rotational pivot (128.7), while one wire (128.6) pulls on the clockwise direction simultaneously, with both wires (128.5, 128.6) being constantly in tensional stress modes. This means that when said control system move said mirrors (128.3), both wires (128.5, 128.6) move simultaneously in opposite directions, hence minimising the energy required for said actuation adjustments. Said wires (128.5, 128.6) are both connected to said handles
217 (128.8, 128.9, 128.10) for each mirror, meaning that said handles (128.8, 128.9, 128.10) are rotated when said mirrors (128.3) are rotated or adjusted to the sun’s position.
The rotational pivot members (127.7, 127.9, 128.7) can also comprise electric motors, which make prat of electric actuators, which can also perform said rotational adjustments to said mirrors (127.1, 127.2, 128.3).
Said flat light ray collection mirrors (129.1, 129.2) are connected to rotational actuators (129.4, 129.6) which can comprise electric motors, which make part of rotational electric actuators, which can rotate said inner (129.1) and outer (129.2) flat collection mirrors as required, according to the sun’s position. Alternatively, said inner flat light collection mirrors (129.1) can comprise two wires (129.3, 129.5) which connect to the rotational pivots (129.4). One wire (129.3) pulls in the anticlockwise direction while on constant stressed tensional mode, while the other wire (129.5) pulls in the clockwise direction while on constant tensional stress mode as well, hence meaning that said control system can rotate said mirror (129.1) as required.
Said actuation wires (129.10) are comprised of two wires (129.3, 129.5, 129.7, 129.8) for each mirror. Said Plano concave mirrors (129.9) are always comprised under said inner flat light ray collation mirrors (129.1), which reflects light rays vertically downwards towards said mirrors (129.9).
Said outer flat light collection mirrors (129.2) are connected to rotational pivots (129.6), which comprise two actuation wires (129.7, 129.8) attached to each of said rotational pivots (129.6). One wire (129.7) pulls on the clockwise direction on said pivot (129.6) while being on constant tensional stress, while another wire (129.8) pulls on the anticlockwise direction on said pivot (129.6) while being on constant tensional stress mode. So, the control system can rotate said mirror (129.2) independently as required.
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Each mirror (129.1, 129.2) connects to its actuation wires (129.3, 129.5, 129.7, 129.8), which connect to a separate handle (129.11, 129.12, 129.13), such that said handles (129.11, 129.12,
129.13) are always rotated when one mirror’s (129.1, 129.2) orientation is changed or adjusted by said control system, such that a worker can rotate said mirrors (129.1, 129.2) separately using said handles (129.11, 129.12, 129.13).
Said Plano concave mirrors (130.3) which are sustained by struts (130.2) to upper positioned rotational pivots (130.1), comprise said struts (130.2) attaching the upper surface of said mirrors (130.3) to said rotational pivots (130.1). Said mirrors (130.3) can also comprise the above mentioned design, with the actuation wires (130.4) comprising two separate wires (130.5, 130.6) for each separate Plano concave mirror (130.3). Each mirror (130.3) is comprised above each other (130.3) at equal vertical distances, and are sustained to said mast structure (1.1).
For each mirror (130.3) separately, one wire (130.5) is in constant tensional stress mode, and pulls on the anticlockwise rotation direction on said pivot (130.1), while simultaneously, another wire (130.6) pulls on the clockwise rotational direction on said pivot (130.1), such that said control system can rotate said mirrors (130.3) in either direction for required adjustment according to the sun’s position. Said wires (130.5, 130.6) are all concentrate to separate handles (130.7, 130.8, 130.9) for each Plano concave mirror (130.3). Each of said mirrors (130.3) rotate about said rotational pivot (130.1) when being rotated by said control system.
Said system can also be comprised for the Plano concave mirrors (131.6) which are rotated about a pivot (131.8) which is comprised under the bottom surface of said mirrors (131.6), for the case of each mirror (131.6). Side structures (131.5) connect said pivot (131.8) to the bottom surface of said Plano concave mirrors (131.6), while other structures (131.4) connect
219 said upper surface of said Plano concave mirrors (131.6) to said upper pipe driving point (131.7). Said actuation wires (131.1) comprise two wires (131.2, 131.3) which are attached to said rotational pivot (131.8) of each Plano concave mirror (131.6).
One wire (131.2) pull on the clockwise rotational direction on said pivot (131.8), while neither wire (131.3) simultaneously pulls on the anticlockwise direction on said pivot (131.8) for each Plano concave mirror (131.6) concerned. Both wires (131.2, 131.3) are constantly on tensional stress mode, and both (131.2, 131.3) connect to a separate handle (131.9, 131.10,
131.11) simultaneously for each Plano concave mirror (131.6). When said control system rotates a mirror (131.6), said handles (131.9, 131.10, 131.11) are hence simultaneously rotated, such that a worker can rotate any of said mirrors (131.6) separately in case of emergency or maintenance works.
Said inner flat light ray collection mirrors (132.5) can also be comprised attached to a rotational pivot (132.21) which is comprised just at the mid part of said mirrors (132.21), such that the centre of mass of said mirrors (132.5) will be just at the level of attachment of said rotational pivot (132.21). Said design will further reduce the energy required for the rotation of said mirrors (132.5), as no lifting forces will be required, no matter in what direction said mirror (132.5) is rotated. Said inner flat light collection mirror (132.5) should hence be comprised attached to a rotational pivot (132.21) which is sustained by a horizontally projecting member (132.8). Said horizontal member (132.8) in turn attaches to the mast structure (1.1), hence sustaining said pivot (132.21) in place.
Said outer flat collection mirrors (132.2) should hence be comprised exactly beside said inner flat light ray collation mirrors (132.5), such that said pivots of both inner (132.21) and outer (132.6) flat light ray collection mirrors are comprised exactly beside each other and at the same height from the ground. Said outer flat light ray collection mirrors (132.2) should hence
220 be comprised at the top end of the same vertically projecting member (132.11) which sustains said outer flat light ray collection mirrors (129.2, 132.2). Said member (132.11) should be however partly inclined towards the outward direction, and hence comprising the top further away form said mast structure (1.1) than the bottom of said member (132.11), in order to leave space for the movement of said inner (132.5) and outer (132.2) flat collection mirrors simultaneously. Said sustaining member (132.11) attaches to the end of said horizontally projecting member (132.14), which is comprised under said horizontal member (132.8) which sustains said inner flat collection mirror (132.5). Said horizontal member (132.14) attaches to said mast structure (1.1) as well.
So, the positions of said concave or Plano concave mirrors (132.17), as well as that of said convex or Plano convex mirrors (132.10), does not need to be altered in order to incorporate said new design optimisation. Said rotational pivot (132.6) is sustained at the top of said sustaining member (132.11), and is comprised attaching to the mid part of said outer flat light ray collection mirror (132.2) for the case of each mirror (132.2) comprised. Said design minimises the energy used by the actuation equipment to rotate said mirror (132.2), as the centre of mass is also comprised along the rotational pivot (132.6). This minimises the energy usage for rotational actuation of said mirror (132.2), as no lifting of said mirror (132.2) is required, no matter in which direction said mirror (132.2) is rotated. So, both inner (132.5) and outer (132.2) flat solar ray collection mirrors, can be rotated using the minimum energy, when comprising said optimised design, with no matter if these are rotated clockwise or anticlockwise.
Said actuation wires (132.3) which rotate each inner flat light collection mirror (132.5), are attached to a separate handle (132.18, 132.19, 132.20) for each mirror (132.5) concerned. All inner flat light collection mirrors (132.5) are always comprised over said light ray concentrating concave or Plano concave mirrors (132.17), such that said inner flat light ray
221 collection mirror (132.5) reflects light rays vertically downwards towards said concave or Plano concave (132.17) light ray concentrating mirrors. Said outer flat light collection mirrors (132.2) are rotated by actuation wires (132.16) which project in parallel along said horizontal sustaining member (132.14), and along said vertical sustaining member (132.11), along which said actuation wires (132.9) project in parallel towards said rotational pivot (132.6). Said actuation wires (132.3) which rotate said inner flat light ray collection mirror (132.5) also project in parallel when these (132.3) are comprised along said sustaining horizontal member (132.8).
Said horizontal members (132.8) which sustain said inner flat light collection mirrors (132.5), should preferably not be attached to the horizontal members (132.14) which sustain said outer flat light ray collection mirrors (132.2). The actuation wires (132.16) which control said outer flat light ray collection mirror (132.2) should also be attached to a separate handle (132.18, 132.19, 132.20) for the case of each outer flat light collection mirror (132.2) concerned. Two wires (132.1, 132.4) control the actuation of said inner flat light collection mirror (132.5) by attaching to the two direction sides of the rotational pivot (132.21) of the mirror (132.5) concerned. One wire (132.1) pulls in tensional stress towards the anticlockwise direction, while another wire (132.4) pulls in tensional stress mode towards the clockwise direction of rotation to said pivot (132.21), hence meaning that said control system can rotate said inner mirror (132.5) easily, no matter towards which direction of rotation.
The same is comprised for the outer flat light collection mirror (132.2), which comprises a pivot (132.6) to which it (132.2) attaches to, and which is connected to two wires (132.21,
132.13) which each attach to the opposite direction of rotation of said pivot (132.6). So, one wire (132.12) constantly pulls in anticlockwise direction on said pivot (132.6), while another wire (132.13) constantly pulls in the clockwise direction to said pivot (132.6). This hence maximises the ease of rotation of each of said inner (132.5) and outer (132.2) flat light
222 collection mirrors. Said wires (132.1, 132.4, 132.12, 132.13) are each connected to a separate handle (132.18, 132.19, 132.20) for each of said flat reflection mirrors (132.2, 132.5) concerned. Said wires (132.12, 132.13) are sustained in tensional stress mode by a set of pulleys (132.15), with one pulley (132.15) being comprised between said sustaining horizontal member (132.14) and said attachment member (132.11). Another pulley (132.7) keeps the two wires (132.12, 132.13) in tensional stress mode, hence sustaining a constant position of said wires (132.12, 132.13) along said sustaining vertical member (132.11). Said design is applicable to each outer (132.2) flat light collection mirror.
Said pivots (132.6, 132.21) of said mirrors (132.2, 132.5) can also be comprised slightly over the centres of mass of said mirrors (132.2, 132.5), but only to compensate the weight of the actuation wires if necessary, or if only one actuation wire is used. However, this system is less suitable than that with two actuation wires (132.1, 132.4, 132.12, 132.13) for each of the flat light collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5). Sais design of said system is to be preferably applicable to concave or Plano concave mirrors (132.17) which reflect and drive said solar light rays towards said mast structure (1.1), such that said concave or Plano concave (132.17) mirrors face the mast structure (1.1), hence concentrating these light rays to convex or Plano convex mirrors (132.10) which face opposite to said mast structure (1.1), as the configuration of the horizontal sustaining members (132.8, 132.14) allows maximum allowance for said pivots (132.6, 132.21) to be attached to the flat light ray collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5) in this design configuration.
Said design is also preferably to be comprised in systems where said concave mirrors (133.2) which face said mast structure (1.1), drive light rays towards convex mirrors (133.1) which face opposite to said mast structure, such that said light rays are driven by said concave mirrors (133.2) towards said mast structure (1.1), where said convex mirror (133.1) is
223 comprised closer to said mast structure (1.1) than said concave mirror (133.2), hence reflecting said light rays vertically downwards towards the ground.
If said concave or Plano concave mirrors (134.5) face opposite to said mast structure (1.1), said convex or Plano convex mirrors (134.6) face towards said mast structure, but said concave or Plano concave mirrors (134.5) are comprised closer to said mast structure (1.1) than said light reflecting convex or Plano convex mirrors (134.6), which face said mast structure (1.1), and which reflect said light rays vertically downwards. In this case however, another design is required. In this design, said horizontal sustaining members (132.14), sustain said concave or Plano concave mirrors (134.5), but both of said concave or Plano concave mirrors (134.5) and said convex or Plano convex mirrors (134.6), are sustained from another horizontally projecting member (134.1) which is comprised over both of said mirrors (134.5, 134.6). Said horizontal member (134.1) hence attaches to both of said mirrors (134.5, 134.6) and sustains these (134.5, 134.6) from above.
So, said actuation wires (134.4) for said outer flat light ray collection mirror (132.2), are driven in parallel to each other along said horizontal member (134.1). As said horizontal member sustains said sustaining member (134.3), said actuation wires (134.2) are sustained along said sustaining member (134.3) by a pulley (132.7) or wheel (132.7). Said horizontal member (134.1) sustains said vertically projecting member (134.3), which sustains said wheel (132.7). Said actuation wires (134.2, 134.4) are hence sustained by said horizontal (134.1) and vertical sustaining (134.3) members. Said vertical member (134.3) should preferably be partially outwardly inclined. Said inner flat light collection mirror (132.5) should be sustained by said horizontal member (132.8) as previously mentioned, for this design as well.
Said inner (135.1) and outer (135.2) flat reflection mirrors can be comprised simultaneously being vertically positioned in emergency cases, during maintenance, or if the pivots (132.6,
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132.21) are comprised over the centres of mass of said mirrors (135.1, 135.2). Said mirrors (135.1, 135.2) can also be comprised in such a position if the clockwise pulling wire snaps on each of the mirrors (135.1, 135.2). This means that the clockwise pulling wire (132.4, 132.13) should fail for both flat light collection mirrors (135.1, 135.2) to be positioned vertically.
If said other wires anticlockwise pulling (132.1, 132.12) fail, both of said mirrors (135.1, 135.2) would be comprised in a horizontally laid position in the cases of emergency or maintenance. If all actuation wires (132.1, 132.4, 132.12, 132.13) are functional, operators or maintenance crews, can adjusts said mirrors (135.1, 135.2) to either horizontal or vertical positions separately by the means of said control handles (135.3, 135.4, 135.5), which are in turn connected to said actuation wires (132.1, 132.4, 132.12, 132.13) for each flat solar ray collection mirror (135.1, 135.2) separately.
Said pivots (132.6, 132.21) can also comprise electric motors, which make part of electrically driven actuators, which can hence rotate said inner (132.5, 135.1) and outer (132.2, 135.2) flat light ray collection mirrors in the case that actuation wires (132.1, 132.4, 132.12, 132.13) would not be used. Said design can also be added to the mechanical wire (132.1, 132.4,
132.12, 132.13) actuated control systems for rotational actuation of said mirrors (132.2,
132.5, 135.1, 135.2).
An upward facing Plano concave mirror (136.8) can also be comprised in place of said concave (133.2) or Plano concave (134.5) mirrors, such that it is comprised under said inner flat light ray collection mirrors (136.2). Said inner flat light ray collection mirrors (136.2) are each (136.2) sustained by a pivot (136.3) which is comprised at around the region of the centre of mass of said mirrors (136.2). Said pivot (136.3) is sustained by a horizontal member (136.4) to said mast structure (1.1) for the case of each inner collection mirror (136.2). The actuation wires (136.18) are comprised of two wires (136.1, 136.5), which consists of one
225 (136.1) pulling anticlockwise, and the other one (136.5) pulling clockwise around said pivot (136.3). Said control system can hence rotate said mirrors (136.2) as required, by rotating said rotational pivot (136.3) for each mirror (136.2). Each set of wires (136.18) is connected to a separate handle (136.19, 136.20, 136.21) for each mirror (136.2).
The outer flat light collection mirror (136.9) is also connected to a pivot (136.10) which attaches to said mirror (136.9) at about the centre of mass of said mirror (136.9). Said pivot (136.10) is sustained by said vertically projecting sustaining member (136.6), which is partly outwardly inclined. Said member (136.6) sustains awheel (136.12), which sustains said control wires (136.7) in a tensional stress mode.
One wire (136.16) pulls in the clockwise direction, while another wire (136.17) pulls in the anticlockwise direction on said rotational pivot (136.10). Said control wires (136.14) project in parallel when being comprised through said sustaining horizontal member (136.15), which attaches to said mast structure (1.1). Said wires (136.7) also project in parallel to each other when being comprised along said sustaining vertical member (136.6), which sustains said wheel (136.12).
The intake pipe (136.13) supplies fluid to said heat collection pipe (123.5), which projects over said Plano concave mirror (136.8), and in parallel to its (136.8) surface, hence collecting the heat of the solar rays that are concentrated by said mirror (136.8). After said process, an exit pipe (136.11) drives said light rays back to said tower mast structure (1.1). each of said sets of control wires (136.14, 136.18) connect to both sides of a separate control handle (136.19, 136.20, 136.21) for each flat solar light ray collection mirror (136.2, 136.9) respectively, such that when said control system rotates one of said mirrors (136.2, 136.9), said corresponding handle (136.19, 136.20, 136.21) is automatically moved as well.
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Said pivots (136.3, 136.10) can comprise an electric motor on each pivot (136.3, 136.10), which makes part of an electric actuation system to rotate said mirrors (136.2, 136.9) if said system is also a requirement to be included in the system’s design.
Said mast structures (120.2, 121.1, 123.1) which comprise the fluid supply (120.16, 123.15) and exit (120.15, 121.15, 123.13) pipes embedded in each other at the basement of said mast structures (120.2, 121.1, 123.1), can also comprise said embodiments in both ways. One way is to have the exit pipe (120.15, 121.15, 123.13) embedded inside the intake pipe (120.16,
123.15). Alternatively, said exit pipe (120.16, 123.15) can comprise the intake pipe (120.15,
121.15, 123.13) embedded onto it (120.16, 123.15). At said mast structure’s (120.2, 121.1,
123.1) basement area, said mast structure (137.1) sustains said outer pipe wall (137.3) in its required position by the means of inner sustaining members (137.4). Said inner members (137.4) should preferably project perpendicularly to both outer pipe (137.3) and outer mast structure (137.1) walls.
So, the outer pipe (137.6), preferably the intake pipe (120.16, 123.15), comprises the inner pipe (137.5), preferably the exit pipe (120.15, 121.15, 123.13), embedded into it (137.6). Both pipes (137.5, 137.6) are separated by a pipe wall (137.2). Said wall (137.2) is well insulated, and is resistant to avoid any leakages, as is the outer wall (137.3) of said outer pipe (137.6). Said design is preferable, as the heat comprised in the fluid that flows through the exit pipe (137.5) should be kept in the system to minimise heat losses, and hence minimise system heat losses, hence maximising system efficiency. If heat is transferred to the intake pipe (137.6), said fluid will then be driven through said exit pipe (137.5) at the den of the heat collection process.
Said heat collection fluid should be preferably water, pressurised steam, synthetic oil or molten salt. Said intake pipe (120.16, 123.15) is merged into a single circular cross-sectioned
227 pipe (120.13, 121.13, 123.14) further up said mast structures (120.2, 121.1, 123.1) after crossing said mast structure’s (137.1) basement area.
Said mast structures (1.1, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1, 120.2, 121.1, 123.1) can also be comprised inside a structure (138.2, 138.3) made of vertical (138.3) and horizontal (138.2) steel beams. Said mast structures (1.1, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1,
120.2, 121.1, 123.1) can also be comprised as a plurality in said structures (138.2, 138.3). Said structures (138.2, 138.3) should preferably be comprised over the sealed and closed horizontal structures (138.6, 138.7) which surround the control system area of said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1, 120.2, 121.1, 123.1). Said structure (1.1, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1, 120.2, 121.1, 123.1) should preferably comprise steel beams (138.1) over, such that a full glass structure can be comprised on the top and all along the steel structure (138.2, 138.3), hence isolating said mast structures (1.1, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1, 120.2, 121.1, 123.1) from the outer environment.
This would avoid any undesired natural organisms of coming onto or close to said mast structures (1.1, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1, 120.2, 121.1, 123.1), such as insects, plants, or any other undesired species. A drainage pipe (138.4) should preferably be comprised on top of said structure (138.2, 138.3), such that rainwater drains down a pipe (138.5) when it rains. Said pipe (138.5) can be comprised sustained by a horizontally positioned closing structure (138.7). Said glass panes are to be comprised between the upper (138.1) and lower horizontal (138.2) and vertical (138.3) steel members forming said structure.
Said inner flat light collection mirrors (139.3) can be attached to upper points to said rotational pivot (139.2) for said horizontal members (139.1) which are comprised upwards,
228 while said inner flat light collection mirrors (139.6) comprised closer to the ground basement can be attached closer to said mid part of said mirrors (139.6), to said rotational pivot (139.5) for the mirrors (139.6) sustained by lower positioned horizontal members (139.4). This design allows the weight of said mirrors (139.3, 139.6) to counterweight the weight of the actuation wires. The higher is a mirror (139.3, 139.6), the higher is the weight of the actuation wires. This however can be used if only one actuation wire is used to actuate each of said mirrors (139.3, 139.6).
Alternatively, counterweights (140.3, 140.4) can be attached to the lower part of said flat light ray collection mirrors (140.1, 140.2), hence allowing to easily set these (140.1, 140.2) to the vertical default non operative positon. Said counterweights (140.9, 140.10) increase in size as the pivots (140.5, 140.8) which sustain said mirrors (140.6, 140.7) are comprised further upwards from the ground basement. Said system allows said control system or said operators or maintenance workers operating the connecting moving handles (140.11, 140.12,
140.13), to minimise the force required to mover said mirrors (140.1, 140.2, 140.6, 140.7). This system hence minimises energy requirements for said system, hence increasing its efficiency, but should only be used if only one action wire is used to control said flat light collection mirrors (140.1, 140.2, 140.6, 140.7).
Said horizontal sliding member (23.26) should preferably be comprised between rotational wheels which are attached to the supporting mast structure (23.25), such that said wheels are comprised over and under said horizontal member (23.26). Said design would minimise friction when said horizontal member (23.26) is moved, and also minimise damage when such movements are performed, hence minimising service costs of the system.
Said power generation system comprised in this invention can also comprise tower mast structures (141.1) which are comprised beside each other (141.1) as a plurality of more than
229 two, preferably more than four, and being comprised forming a horizontal linear pattern. So, flat reflection mirrors (141.2) reflect said light rays onto downward inclined light driving pipes (141.3), which altogether form a V shape when said design architecture is viewed from the side, such as on Figure 141. Said design hence drives all light rays towards a light ray meeting point (143.2). Said designs can be comprised with no central vertical light driving pipe (144.1), such that all pipes (141.3) form a V shape when paired in a set of one or more pipes (141.3) from each side, hence preferably comprising at least two pipes (141.3). Said flat mirrors (141.2) are inclined at half the change in directional angle of the light rays when being reflected by said mirrors (141.2), and said angle increases as said vertical light driving pipes (141.1) are comprised further away from said central light ray meeting point. This is because said light driving pipes (141.3) should be comprised as more horizontally projecting if these (141.3) are comprised further from said light ray meeting point (143.2).
In said design, the pipes of one side (141.3) concentrate the light rays on the surface of a heat exchanger or steam generator (141.7), hence supplying it (141.7) with heat. The pipes of the other side (141.3) are similar, but said light rays are reflected by flat mirrors (141.6), which are inclined in front of each light driving pipe (141.3) according to the angle of inclination of said pipes (141.3). So, all light ray of said other pipes (141.3) are driven horizontally towards other separate applications through a main conduit (141.8). So, part of the light rays are reflected by a mirror (141.9) towards one application (141.10), and the other part is driven through a conduit (141.4) to be reflected by another flat mirror (141.5) towards another application. Said applications can range from hydrogen liquefaction to water desalination processes.
Said light ray meeting point (143.2) can comprise flat mirrors (142.1, 142.2) which are comprised in front of each pipe (141.3), and are positioned according to the direction of projection of said light rays, such that the light rays which are driven from pipes (141.3)
230 which project perpendicularly, can be also simultaneously driven to said other heating applications.
Said pipes (143.1) drive said light rays to a light ray central meeting point (143.2), under which any application can be comprised, preferably a heat exchanger or steam generator (143.3), whose surface contacts with said concentrated light rays. Said system is also be perfectly functional without vertically projecting central light driving pipe (144.1).
A central vertically projecting light driving pipe (144.1) can also be comprised, hence driving light rays straight towards the applications comprised below said central light meeting point (143.2). Said application should preferably be a heat exchanger or steam generator (144.4). However, said side pipes (144.6) can drive light rays towards flat mirrors (144.5, 144.6), which reflect light rays horizontally out of said light meeting point (143.2) on both sides. So, the flat mirrors (144.6) of one side drive light rays towards a conduit (144.3) to be reflected by a mirror (144.2) for one application, while simultaneously, the flat mirrors (144.5) of the other side reflect said light rays towards other applications. Said process can all be done simultaneously, with said flat mirrors (144.5, 144.6) being positioned such that each flat mirror (144.5, 144.6) reflects the light rays which are driven towards it (144.5, 144.6) by one side pipe (144.6).
The further are said vertically projecting light driving pipes (141.1) from said central vertically projecting light driving pipe (144.1), the more are said side pipes (144.6) inclined in comparison to the vertical plane, on which said mast structures (141.1) are projecting. Said side pipes (144.6) are comprised over each other (144.6). This means that said flat reflection mirrors (141.2) are inclined at higher angles, as said vertically projecting light driving pipes (141.1) are comprised further from said central vertically projecting light driving pipe (144.1) , and hence, the greater is the change of direction of said light rays driven through said
231 side pipes (144.6), as the greater is the inclination of said side pipes (144.6) compared to the vertical plane.
Said light ray meeting point (145.3) can also comprise flat reflection mirrors (145.2, 145.3) which are comprised all-around said light ray meeting point (143.2), which can reflect light rays which project in various directions perpendicularly, towards other applications on at least two sides simultaneously. So, said flat mirrors (145.2) on one side, and said flat mirrors (145.4) on the other side, simultaneously reflect light rays horizontally towards other applications, while said flat mirrors (145.5) reflect light rays horizontally towards the required other applications simultaneously.
All mirrors (145.4, 145.5) on one side can simultaneously reflect light rays towards a horizontal direction for a particular application. Said perpendicularly positioned flat mirrors (145.3) can also reflect light ray to perpendicularly positioned applications. Said vertically driven light rays from said central vertically projecting pipe (145.1), can be driven straight through to said application comprised inside, preferably a heat exchanger or steam generator (145.6). Said vertical light driving pipe (145.1) should preferably be comprised in the centre of the system, and hence over said light ray meeting point (143.2), and hence just over said heat exchanger or steam generator (145.6).
Said side pipes (146.2) and central vertically projecting light driving pipe (146.1), drive light rays towards said heat exchanger or steam generator (146.3). Said flat reflecting mirrors (146.4, 146.5) can simultaneously drive light rays to other applications, or to the same application to which said flat mirrors (146.6) reflect and drive said light rays horizontally. Each of said mirrors (146.4, 146.5, 146.6) is comprised in front of the light rays which are driven by said side pipes (146.2), including said perpendicularly projecting pipes for the
232 perpendicularly positioned flat reflection mirrors (146.4, 146.5). Said vertically projecting pipe (146.1) drives light rays straight to said heat exchanger or steam generator (146.3).
Said flat reflection mirrors (141.2) are comprised along the entire cross-sectional view area of said vertical light driving pipes (141.1), such that said light rays are all ensured to be reflected and driven through said side pipes (141.3, 143.1, 144.6, 146.2) as required.
Said side pipes (147.1) can hence drive and concentrate all light rays to said light ray meeting point (147.3), under which a required application is comprised, preferably a heat exchanger or steam generator (147.2). Said heat exchanger or steam generator (147.2) contacts said light rays on its top surface, which is in said light ray meeting pint (147.3). However, flat mirrors (147.4, 147.5) can be comprised on one side of said light ray meeting point (147.3). So, said flat mirrors (147.4, 147.5) reflect and drive both perpendicularly projecting light rays (147.4) and said light rays of said side pipes (147.1) as viewed on Figure 147, towards a single horizontal conduit (147.6).
Said conduit (147.6) drives said reflected light rays towards a flat mirror, which reflects these and drives these to a laser cooling process apparatus (147.8). Said apparatus comprises mirrors (147.8) which reflect said light rays onto a plurality of pipes, and flat mirrors (147.7) also reflect said light rays to perpendicularly projecting light ray driving pipes, such that all light rays are then driven towards a common light ray meeting point further downwards. All mirrors (147.7, 147.8) are flat mirrors. Said perpendicularly facing flat mirrors (147.4) reflect said perpendicularly projecting light rays, while said other flat mirrors (147.5) reflect said light rays which are driven by said side pipes (147.1). Each mirror (147.4, 147.5) is comprised in front of a light ray, and hence in front of a side pipe, which projects straight towards it, whether perpendicularly projecting or projecting in parallel (147.1) to said side cross-sectional view of Figure 147.
233
Said side pipes (148.1) all meet to concentrate the light rays on said heat exchanger or steam generator (148.2). Said flat reflection mirrors (148.3) are each comprised in front of one of said side pipes (148.1) in order to reflect the light rays of said pipes (148.1) towards the required direction. Said mirrors (148.3) should preferably be static, and are inclined at half the angle of change of direction of said light rays, which these (148.3) reflect. Said mirrors (148.3) reflect said light rays of said side pipes (148.1) of said side, through said conduit (147.6).
Said conduit (147.6) hence drives said light rays towards a vertical pipe (148.4) by the means of a flat reflection mirror, which drives said light rays to a laser cooling process apparatus, which comprises flat mirrors (148.5) which distribute said light rays into a plurality of light driving pipes. This makes said process more effective, and should preferably be used to liquefy hydrogen fuel. In this case, said apparatus can comprise a two dimensional architecture, as no perpendicular pipe mirrors (147.4) are comprised in this case. However, a three dimensional architecture is also possible for this design case. Said horizontally projecting conduit (141.4, 147.6) crosses the path of some of the side pipes (144.6, 146.2,
147.1, 148.1) comprised on said side, and hence crosses the incoming light rays, which are driven through said side pipes (147.1, 148.1) to said flat reflection mirrors (147.5, 148.3).
Said vertically projecting light driving pipes (149.1) can be driven through said mast structures (149.1) on one side of a heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5), such that a 45 degree inclined flat mirror (149.3) reflects said light rays, and drives these through horizontally projecting pipes (149.3) to said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5). Each tower mast structure (149.1) connects to a separate horizontally projecting pipe (149.3), which comprises a separate 45 degree flat reflection mirror (149.2). So, a plurality of tower mast structures (149.1) can drive a plurality of light rays through a plurality of horizontal pipes (149.3) simultaneously towards said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5). Said
234 light rays connect said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5) on one of its (149.5) lateral side walls.
The same design architecture can be comprised along the opposite lateral side wall of said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5), with said tower mast structures (149.8) being comprised, and driving light rays towards flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirrors (149.2) on separate pipes. These mirrors (149.2) then drive said light rays through horizontal pipes (149.3) towards said opposite lateral wall of said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5).
A vertically projecting light ray driving pipe (149.4) can simultaneously be comprised over said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5), hence driving said light rays to the upper surface of the upper wall of said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5). This means that a tower mast structure (149.4) would also be comprised over said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5). Said tower mast structures (149.1, 149.8) can be comprised all-around said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5) in a circular pattern, along a linear pattern with said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5) positioned on the middle, or in any other architecture pattern, depending on design requirements.
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5) transfers the heat supplied by said light rays to both primary circuit (149.7) and energy storage fluid (149.6) pipes simultaneously. So, during dark hours or maintenance hours, said energy storage fluid pipe (149.6) can continuously transfer heat to said primary circuit pipe (149.7) through said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5), hence making a reliable and multifunctional system for both day and dark hours. The system design minimises the number of heat exchangers or steam generators (149.5), hence minimising operating and construction costs. During day hours, said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5) simultaneously transfers heat to both primary circuit (149.7) and energy storage fluid (149.6) pipes simultaneously.
235
Said tower mast structures (150.3) comprise vertical light ray driving pipes (150.3), which drive said light rays towards flat reflection mirrors (149.2). Said mirrors can then drive said light rays towards a central light ray meeting point (150.4), with no matter if said light driving pipes are long (150.1), short (150.2) or inclined at high angles (150.6). This system hence allows to use a vast plurality of tower mast structures (150.3) to drive a vast plurality of light rays towards said light ray meeting point (150.4).
Said light ray driving pipes (150.1, 150.2, 150.6) can be projecting horizontally (149.3) towards said light ray meeting point (150.4), or partially inclined downwards (144.6, 146.2,
147.1, 148.1), towards said light ray meeting point (150.4). Flat mirrors (150.9) can also be comprised being positioned on the horizontal plane, to reflect part of said light rays driven by part of said light ray supply pipes (150.6) towards at least one conduit (150.7) for at least one other application simultaneously. Said conduit(s) (150.7) can then reflect said light rays by the means of a flat mirror (150.8) to guide said light rays towards the required heating application.
A heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5) can be comprised just beside said light ray meeting point (150.4), such that all light rays which meet at said point (150.4), are driven towards the lateral side surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5). So, said system architecture can also be comprised in front of the opposite lateral side wall of said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5), to hence supply a maximum of heat to said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5) simultaneously on at least two parallel projecting lateral side walls of said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5). Said design can also be comprised along all lateral side walls of said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5) simultaneously. This hence maximises the heat supplied to said device (150.5), with pipes (150.1, 150.2, 150.6) driving light rays towards all lateral side walls of said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5) simultaneously. Said design would hence comprise at least two, and
236 preferably at least four light ray meeting points (150.4) being comprised just beside said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5). Said light driving conduits (150.7) can simultaneously be comprised projecting into a plurality of directions, whether oppositely or perpendicularly projecting, with one conduit (150.7) projecting along each direction. This design would hence bring the system design to its maximum efficiency in terms of operation and design functionality.
Said design can hence be comprised on the system which comprises horizontal light driving pipes (Figure 149) which drive light rays towards said heat exchanger or steam generator (149.5) . Said tower mast structures (150.3) can be comprised in any position, and in any pattern around said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5). Said light driving pipes (150.1, 150.2, 150.6) can hence drive light rays to at least one light ray meeting point (150.4) around said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5). This can be comprised on a lateral side walls (150.5) as comprised on Figure 150, along two parallel projecting lateral side walls (150.5) , or even along all four side walls (150.5) of said heat exchanger or steam generator simultaneously. Said light ray meeting point (150.4) can also be comprised along two perpendicularly projecting lateral side walls of said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5) simultaneously as well. With said design, there is no need to insert the separate horizontally projecting pipes (149.3) over each other (149.3) as comprised on Figure 149.
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5) can comprise both primary circuit (150.10) and said energy storage fluid (150.11) pipes projecting through it (150.5) simultaneously, such that the heat of said light rays is transferred to both pipes (150.10, 150.11) simultaneously. During dark hours or maintenance hours, the energy storage fluid pipe (150.11) can transfer heat continuously to said primary circuit pipe (150.10), hence guaranteeing that said system is functional and generates power to meet all requirements during both day, and night hours, as well as during maintenance hours. Said flat mirrors
237 (150.9) are always comprised in front of a side light driving pipe (150.6) in order to reflect said light rays driven by said pipe (150.6) as required towards the required conduit (150.7).
Said flat mirrors (150.9) can however be comprised in more than one set of light driving pipes (150.1, 150.2, 150.6), and even along a plurality of sets of pipes (150.1, 150.2, 150.6) in one set of light ray meting pipes (150.1, 150.2, 150.6) alone. Said flat mirrors (150.9) can hence reflect light rays to conduits (150.7) which project onto a plurality of directions simultaneously, as said flat mirrors can reflect light rays to perpendicular directions if these are comprised around light ray meeting points (150.4) which are comprised along a perpendicular side wall of said heat exchanger or steam generator (150.5). Said flat mirrors (150.9) can also accomplish the same requirements by comprising a plurality of flat mirrors (150.9) comprised around a single light ray meeting point (150.4) as well.
The systems comprised in this invention can also comprise sliding flat reflection mirrors, which should preferably be inclined at 45 degrees to the direction of projection of the concentrated solar rays, in order to reflect part of said light rays to other applications if the light ray intensity is not sufficient. Said applications can include the liquefaction of hydrogen, or the desalination process. Said sliding flat reflection mirrors should preferably be controlled and actuated by electric motors, which are controlled by computers, with said computers connected to the control system.
Said mirrors should preferably be comprised in the central light driving conduits (73.25), where a plurality of light rays, drive concentrated light to a plurality of applications. So, if said laser cooling process for said hydrogen requires more heat, said mirror would take more light rays that were accordingly destined to the heat exchanger or steam generator (73.34). Said flat mirror (73.27) would in this case have to be electrically driven, and free to slide. The same issue is comprised with said flat mirror (73.26) which drives light rays to the heat
238 exchanger or steam generator (73.4) which heats the water and converts it into steam, such that said flat mirror (73.26) would also have to be free to slide. Both mirrors (73.26, 73.27) would also have to be comprised inside said conduit (73.25) in order for these to be movable from one side of said conduit (73.25) to the other.
The same design can be comprised along the pipes (141.8, 141.4) which transfer light rays for other applications, such that a flat 45 degree inclined mirror could be comprised to take light rays of those driven through the furthest pipe (141.4) in order to supply more heat to the closer conduit (141.10) by said flat mirror (141.9) without needing to drive more light rays through the lower part of the conduit (141.8), or vice versa. Said mirror (141.9) would in any case need to be free to slide and movable, and positioned inside said conduit (141.4, 141.8), and preferably electrically moved and controlled by a computer which is part of said control system.
So, said mirror (141.9) would be movable upwards or downwards along said conduit (141.4,
141.8) according to the heat supply requirements. Pumps (73.21, 73.32) can in turn control the flow rate of the fluids in the pipes (73.20, 73.31) according to the heat supplied for each single pipe (73.20, 73.31) separately, such that no blockages or wasted heat is concerned in the power generation system. Said pumps are controlled by said control system, which controls the entire power generation system performance, and hence the rotational speed of said pumps (73.21, 73.32). Said pumps (73.21, 73.32) should preferably be electrically driven, by separate electric motors each.
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (151.6) of said power generation systems concerned in this invention, can also comprise light driving pipes (151.12) which drive light rays towards a lateral side surface (151.10) of said heat exchanger or steam generator (151.6).
Said surface is comprised along the light ray meeting point (151.11) of said set of light
239 driving pipes (151.12). Simultaneously, another set of light driving pipes (151.1, 151.2,
151.4) can drive light rays to the opposite lateral side surface (151.5) of said heat exchanger or steam generator (151.6), with said surface (151.5) comprised along the surface’s (151.5) light ray meeting point (151.11). Said light driving pipes can be long (151.1), shorter (151.2), or highly inclined to the side (151.4).
All light driving pipes (151.1, 151.2, 151.4, 151.12), drive light rays from vertically projecting light driving pipes (151.3), which are comprised under tower mast structures. Said light driving pipes (151.1, 151.2, 151.4, 151.12) can be either horizontally projecting (149.3), or downward inclined (148.1). Flat mirrors (151.7) can reflect part of the light rays driven by said light driving pipes (151.4), towards other applications simultaneously. The light driving pipes (151.1, 151.2, 151.4, 151.12) of both lateral sides (151.5, 151.10) of said heat exchanger or steam generator (151.6), concentrate the light rays through said light ray meeting points (151.11), to said surfaces (151.5, 151.10) simultaneously. All pipes (151.1,
151.2, 151.4, 151.12) are open to each other when reaching said light ray meeting point (151.11).
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (151.6) comprises both primary circuit (151.8) and energy storage fluid (151.9) pipes, being driven through said device (151.6) simultaneously. So, heat can be transferred to both pipes (151.8, 151.9) simultaneously, or said energy storage fluid pipe (151.9) can transfer heat to said primary circuit pipe (151.8) during dark hours, cloudy weather, or during maintenance hours.
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (152.1) can also comprise light driving pipes (152.3,
152.5) , which drive light rays to both parallel projecting lateral side surfaces (152.2, 152.4) of said heat exchanger or steam generator (152.1) simultaneously, but with said light driving pipes (152.3, 152.5) being constantly separated from each other even when reaching the
240 lateral surfaces (152.2, 152.4) of said heat exchanger or steam generator (152.1). Said design can be comprised along the other lateral side surfaces, as well as the top surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (152.1). The advantage of this design, is that the heat of said light rays is more evenly distributed along the body of said heat exchanger or steam generator (152.1).
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8) can also comprise a vertically projecting light driving pipe (153.3) along with a set of at least two side downward inclined pipes (153.6), driving light rays to the top surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8), from each side of said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8). Simultaneously, the system can comprise horizontally projecting light driving pipes (153.7) which drive light rays to the lateral side surfaces of said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8). Said horizontally driving pipes should be at least one per side lateral surface, and preferably at least two per lateral side surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8).
Said side positioned vertically projecting light driving pipes (153.2), drive light rays towards 45 degree inclined flat mirrors (153.5), which drive said light rays through said horizontal pipes (153.7). The closest positioned vertically positioned light driving pipes (153.1), drive light rays to flat reflection mirrors (153.4), which drive said light rays towards the top surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8). Said downward inclined side pipes (153.6) can comprise any number of pipes on each side of said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8). Said vertically light driving pipes (153.1, 153.2) can be comprised close or far from said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8), and ca be comprised in any geometrical pattern for both horizontal (153.7) and downward inclined (153.6) light driving pipes (153.8).
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8) comprises both primary circuit (153.10) and energy storage fluid (153.9) pipes being driven through it (153.8) for maximum efficiency
241 and operational practicability. On each side, said side downward inclined light driving pipes (153.6) can concentrate light rays on said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8) in sets of at least one pipe (153.6), in sets of at least two pipes (153.6), or each of said possibilities being comprised on one side of said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8), and hence comprising said systems on each side of said vertical light driving pipe (153.3), according to design requirements. Said downward inclined light driving pipes (153.6) should preferably concentrate the light rays on the upper surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (153.8), but can also comprise these on the lateral side surfaces of said device (153.8).
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.8) can also comprise said side downward inclined pipes (154.6) concentrating said light rays to the lateral side surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.6), such that at least two pipes (154.6) drive said light rays to the lateral side wall of said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.8). Simultaneously, said downward inclined side light driving pipes of the opposite other lateral side surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.8) can project light rays in a design of at least one pipe (154.6). At the same time, said inner downward inclined light driving pipes (154.7) concentrate light rays on the upper surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.8), including a vertically projecting light driving pipe (154.3).
Said vertically projecting light driving pipes (154.1) drive light rays to flat reflection mirrors (154.2). Said vertically projecting light driving pipes (154.5) drive light rays to flat mirrors (154.4) in the case of each pipe (154.5), such that each flat mirror (154.4) drives light rays through downward inclined light driving pipes (154.7) to said upper surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.8). So, said side light driving pipes (154.6) drive light rays to both lateral side surfaces of said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.8), while said side driving pipes (154.7) concentrate said light rays to the upper surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.8), with the added assistance of said vertically projecting light driving
242 pipe (154.3), which projects said light rays on the upper surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.8).
Said primary circuit pipe (154.10) and said energy storage fluid pipe (154.9), are driven simultaneously through said heat exchanger or steam generator (154.8) to maximise operational functionality and system reliability.
Said downward inclined side light driving pipes (155.6) can also drive said light rays to the lateral side walls of said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8), such that the vertically projecting light driving pipes (155.1) drive light rays to a flat reflection mirror (155.2), which drives said light rays to said side downward inclined light driving pipes (155.6). Said designs can be comprised on both lateral side surfaces of said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8), with said light driving pipes (155.6) being constantly separated from each other. Said design would spread more the heat of said light rays over the surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8). Simultaneously, a vertically projecting light driving pipe (155.3) and a set of at least one lateral side pipe (155.7), concentrates light rays to the upper surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8).
So, said light driving pipes (155.3, 155.7) which drive said light rays to said upper surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8), drive said light rays with said pipes being always separated from each other, while still driving the light rays to said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8). Said vertically projecting light driving pipes (155.4), drive light rays to a flat mirror (155.5), which drives said light rays towards said light driving pipes (155.7) to said upper surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8). All light driving pipes (155.3, 155.6, 155.7) are all totally separated from each other, even when contacting the surfaces of said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8), as said design would spread the
243 heat of the light rays onto a more even heat distribution over said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8).
Said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8) comprises the primary circuit pipe (155.10) and said energy storage fluid pipe (155.9) being driven along said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8). Said design allows said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8) to simultaneously transfer heat to both pipes (155.9, 155.10), or for said energy storage fluid pipe (155.9) to transfer heat to said primary circuit pipe (155.10) during maintenance hours, cloudy times, or dark hours. Said vertically projecting light driving pipe (155.3) is comprised over said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8), and drives light rays to the upper surface of said heat exchanger or steam generator (155.8), with said pipe (155.3) being always separated from said other light driving pipes (155.6, 155.7).
Said mast structure (156.8a) is comprised surrounded by a circular seal structure (156.1a) at the basement, for the cases of all wire controlled mast structures (156.8a), such that said mast structure (156.8a) connects to said horizontally projecting housing members (156.4a), which hence keeps the actuation mechanisms of said mast structure (156.8a) isolated from the outside world, and hence of the outside climate and environment. Said mast structure comprises the actuation and control wires (23.17) being kept in a tensional stressed position around said mast structure (156.8a) at the basement, for which wire guiding rails (156.3a) are comprised at the basement of said mast structure (156.8a). The vertical wire driving set (23.8,
120.12, 122.11a, 122.12a) drives wires to a set of separate driving wheels (156.5a), of which one wheel (156.5a) is comprised for each separate downward projecting wire (156.2a), which is sustained in a tensional stress mode.
Said wheels (156.5a) sustain each of said wires (156.2a) projecting horizontally (156.6a), such that these (156.6a) are each being sustained in tensional stress mode by a separate wheel
244 (156.7a). Said separate wheels (156.7a) drive said wires in a tensional stress mode, along said wire guiding rail protrusions (156.3a) around said mast structure (156.8a). Said sets of wires (23.18) are hence driven around said mast structure (156.8a) along said protrusions (156.3a) to keep the system operating in a reliable and smooth manner, while all wheels (156.5a, 156.7a) ensure that no high stresses and no shear stresses, are present on said control or actuation wires (156.2a, 156.6a).
Said actuation and control wires (156.4b) are hence connecting to the control handles (23.30, 23.31, 23.33). Said wires (156.3b) are each sustained by a separate wheel (156.4b) which rotates about a vertical axis. Said electrical supply cable (23.28) also follows the same wheel architecture (156.5a, 156.7a), with said electrical wire (156.2a) being sustained by a separate wheel (156.5a) which rotates about a horizontal axis. Said wire (156.6a) is hence guided around said mast structure’s (156.8a) protrusions (156.3a) by a separate wheel (156.7a) for said electrical supply wire, with said wheel rotating about a vertical axis. Said design is also comprised with said actuation or control wires (156.2a), with each wire being sustained by a separate wheel (156.5a) which rotates about a horizontal axis. Said wires are sustained horizontally (156.6a) to connect to a separate wheel (156.7a) for each actuation or control wire, which rotates about a vertical axis.
So, both actuation or control wires (156.3b), as well as said electrical supply cable (156.3b), are sustained to the rotational wheel (23.27), and are sustained in a tensional stress mode around said mast structure (156.5b), by being sustained around said protrusion geometries (156.3a) comprised around said mast structure (156.8a, 156.5b). A separate wheel (156.7a, 156.4b) which rotates about a vertical axis, sustains each cable or wire (156.3b, 156.7b) individually and separately. Said wires or cables (156.7b) are sustained horizontally when connecting from said wheel (156.4b) to the sustaining wheel (156.5a, 156.1b).
245
Said sustaining wheel (156.5a, 156.1b) sustains the vertically projecting wires (156.2a, 156.2b), and to hence sustain these (156.2a, 156.2b) in a tensional stress mode. Each of said vertically projecting wires or cables (156.2a, 156.2b) comprises a separate sustaining wheel (156.5a, 156.1b, 156.8b). Said vertically projecting wires (156.2a, 156.2b) are sustained by a separate wheel (156.8b) each, with each wheel rotating about a horizontal axis. Said sustaining wheels (156.1b, 156.8b) are sustained by horizontally projecting members (156.6b) which attach to said interior structure of said tower mast structure (156.5b).
Said wires or cables (23.24) are also sustained by a separate wheel each (23.24), with each of said wheels rotating about a horizontal axis, and attached to said vertical projecting mast structure (23.25). Said design is similar to the set of separate wheels (156.5a) comprised inside said tower mast structure (156.8a). Said design is hence similar to said sets of wheels (156.1b, 156.8b) which sustain said wires or cables (156.7b) in the required positions, and which rotate about a horizontal axis. Said wires and cables (23.24) are hence sustained by a set of independent wheels (156.5a) which sustain said wires in a horizontal position (156.6a), and sustain these (23.24) in a vertically projecting downward position (156.2a) such that said wires are each sustained by a different wheels. Said wheels are all aligned beside each other, hence rotating about the same horizontal axis of rotation when required. Said wires (23.24) are hence all constantly kept in tensional stress modes, and sustained by said wheels, hence projecting in parallel to each other towards the rotational wheel pulley (23.27) of the sliding horizontally projecting member (23.26) which sustains said rotational wheel (23.27).
So, the present invention comprises a solar ray concentration system which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) which comprises a plurality of system base levels positioned one on top of the other, with each of said system base levels comprising an upper horizontal member (7.5, 8.5) which comprises a concave mirror (12.3, 13.3) which comprises its (12.3, 13.3) lower edge positioned on the upper surface of said end
246 of said horizontal member (7.5, 8.5), while comprising an inner flat collection mirror (7.14,
8.14) hanging from said end of said horizontal member (7.5, 8.5), such that said concave mirror (12.3, 13.3) faces partly vertically upwards, and partly away from said mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) and towards a convex mirror (12.4, 13.4), such that said convex mirror (12.4, 13.4) faces partly vertically downwards, and partly towards said mast structure (7.1,
8.1, 11.5, 12.5) and towards said concave mirror (12.3, 13.3), such that the upper edge of said concave mirror(12.3, 13.3) is positioned closer to said tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5,
12.5) than said concave mirror’s (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) lower edge, and that the upper edge of said mirror (12.3, 13.3) is sustained by an upper horizontal member (7.4, 8.4) which sustains said convex mirror (12.4, 13.4) which faces said concave mirror (12.3, 13.3) at said upper horizontal member’s lower end (7.4, 8.4), with the top of said end (7.4, 8.4) sustaining an outer flat collection mirror (7.6, 8.6) positioned on a vertically projecting member (7.3, 8.3), as well as a top positioned outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9, 8.9) and a top positioned inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7, 8.7) which is situated nearer to said tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) than said inner reflection mirror (7.7, 8.7), such that a light rays shielding member (12.1, 13.1) which projects in parallel to said mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) is comprised behind said mirrors (12.3, 12.4, 13.3, 13.4,7.7,
8.7, 7.9, 8.9) and said mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5), comprises the same width as said oppositely positioned mirrors (12.3, 12.4, 13.3, 13.4, 7.7, 8.7, 7.9, 8.9), and is sustained to said mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) by a plurality of horizontal members (12.2, 13.2).
The preferred embodiments are the following.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1) which comprises a Plano concave mirror (7.11,
8.11, 9.4) at each equal position and orientation as said concave mirrors (12.3, 13.3) along said tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1), as well as a Plano convex mirror (7.10, 8.10, 9.3)
247 comprised at each equal position and orientation as said convex mirrors (12.4, 13.4) along the tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5) which comprises said concave mirrors (10.3,
11.4) projecting partly vertically upwards in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5), and partly towards said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5), and hence towards a convex mirror (10.5, 11.3), such that said convex mirrors (10.5, 11.3) project partly vertically downwards in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5), and partly away from said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5), and hence towards said concave mirrors (10.3, 11.4), such that said positioning of components is comprised at each system base level along the entire plurality of system base levels of said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) which comprises concave (9.15, 9.21) and/or Plano concave (9.3, 9.10) mirrors comprised at the same positions and orientations as said Plano convex mirrors (1.6, 7.10, 8.10) and/or said convex mirrors (10.5, 11.3, 12.4,
13.4) , such that said concave (9.15, 9.21) or Plano concave (9.3, 9.10) mirrors always face partly vertically downwards in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (9.1, 9.7, 9.13, 9.19) and partly towards said concave (9.16, 9.22) or Plano concave (9.4, 9.9) mirrors, such that said light rays are driven through the focal point of said concave (9.16, 9.22) or Plano concave (9.4, 9.9) mirrors prior of being reflected downwards into a coherent light ray (9.6, 9.12, 9.18, 9.23) by said concave (9.15, 9.21) or Plano concave (9.3, 9.10) mirrors, such that said concave (9.15, 9.21) or Plano concave (9.3, 9.10) mirrors are always positioned with the surfaces of said mirrors (9.3, 9.10, 9.15, 9.21) facing said Plano
248 concave mirrors (1.7, 2.4, 7.11, 8.11, 9.4, 9.9) or said concave mirrors (9.16, 9.22, 10.3, 11.4,
12.3, 13.3).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) in which the bottom area of the tower mast structure (5.1), comprises a light concentration system in which a pair of 45 degree inclined flat reflation mirrors (5.3, 5.4) reflects the light rays (5.2) to a parallel path to said tower mast structure (5.1), such that the inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (5.3) faces partly vertically downwards in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (5.1), and partly horizontally away from said tower mast structure (5.1) towards the outer flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirror, while the outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (5.4) faces partly vertically downwards in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (5.1), and partly horizontally towards said tower mast structure (5.1), and hence towards said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (5.3), such that said concave (5.7) and outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection (5.4) mirrors are positioned further from said tower mast structure (5.1) than said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (5.3).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) in which the bottom area of the tower mast structure (6.1), comprises a light concentration system in which the lowest positioned inner Plano convex mirror (6.2) is positioned in front of the outer positioned Plano concave mirror (6.3), which is in turn sustained by a horizontal member (6.4) which is sustained by said mast structure (6.1), such that a concave mirror (6.7) is positioned under said upper positioned outer Plano concave mirror (6.3), such that the light rays (6.5) reflected by said Plano convex mirror (6.2) are projected between said tower mast structure (6.1) and said outer Plano concave mirror (6.3), such that said concave mirror (6.7) reflects said light rays
249 (6.5) towards a convex mirror (6.6) embedded inside said lower mast structure (6.1), and that said lowest positioned Plano concave (6.3) and concave (6.7) mirrors are positioned further from said tower mast structure (6.1) than said lowest positioned Plano convex mirror (6.2).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5, 14.1) which comprises an outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.3) which reflects the vertically downwards projecting light rays (14.2) horizontally into said lower mast structure area (14.1), and so into a cavity until said light rays (14.7) are reflected back vertically downwards again by a tower mast structure (14.1) embedded 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.4), such that said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.4) faces partly vertically downwards and in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (14.1), and partly horizontally away from said tower mast structure (14.1) and towards said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.3), while said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.3) faces partly vertically upwards and in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (14.1) and partly horizontally towards said tower mast structure (14.1) and towards said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.4), such that said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.3) is sustained by a vertical member (14.5) positioned at the end of a horizontal member (14.6) which attaches to said tower mast structure (14.1).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a vertically projecting pipe (3.7) embedded in the lower part of the tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1,
14.1), which projects (3.7) in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1), and which connects to a follow up pipe (3.15) which projects in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1), such that both pipes (3.7, 3.15) are located at the centre of the cross-sectional area of said tower
250 mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1), and that said follow up pipe (3.15) connects to the fluid driving pipe (3.13) in which the heat of the concentrated light rays (14.7) heats up the passing fluid in said fluid driving pipe (3.13), such that a transparent lens (3.17, 5.9, 6.9, 14.8) is comprised at the bottom of said vertically projecting follow up pipe (3.15), hence separating the inner volume of said follow up pipe (3.15) from that of said fluid driving pipe (3.13), hence avoiding any fluid from entering said follow up pipe (3.15) from said fluid driving pipe (3.13) in liquid or vapour form.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a transparent lens along the hollow opening which is comprised through the lower mast structure area (3.1, 5.1,
6.1, 14.1), and hence between said inner tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1) imbedded flat (14.4) or concave (3.2, 5.6, 6.6) mirrors, and said outer positioned concave (3.3, 5.7, 6.7) or flat (14.3) mirrors, hence separating the inner volume of said tower mast structure (3.1,
5.1, 6.1, 14.1) embedded vertically projecting pipe (3.7) from the outer surrounding environment of said tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1), and hence avoiding any dirt or undesired materials from entering into said vertical tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1) embedded pipe (3.7), therefore minimising maintenance costs, and maximising system safety, reliability and power generation efficiency through a maximised energy transmission efficiency by the means of said concentrated light rays (14.7).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a vertically projecting mast structure (1.1) which comprises a plurality of systems which are mounted on top of the other down said mast (1.1) from top to bottom, and in which each of said systems comprises a flat collection mirror (1.4) which is sustained by two parallel horizontally projecting members (1.3) which sustain the Plano concave mirror (1.7) of the system positioned on top of the system concerned, such that said system comprises a Plano concave mirror (1.7) which faces towards the mast structure (1.1) and which is positioned below said
251 flat collection mirror (1.4), which concentrates the solar rays (1.8) deflected by the flat collection mirror (1.4) towards a Plano convex mirror (1.6) which faces opposite to said mast structure (1.1), and which hence faces towards said Plano concave mirror (1.7), hence being positioned in front of and slightly above of said Plano concave mirror (1.7), and which is (1.6) nearer to said vertical mast structure (1.1) than said Plano concave mirror (1.7), such that said system comprises a 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5) which is positioned below the upper system’s Plano convex mirror (1.6) and which partly faces upwards towards said Plano convex mirror (1.6) and partly horizontally away from said mast structure (1.1) and so towards another 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10), which is positioned horizontally in front of said inner 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5) and partly faces towards the mast structure (1.1) and so towards the inner 45 degree inclined mirror (1.5), and partly faces downwards towards the Plano concave mirror (1.7) of said lower system, which is positioned below said outer 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10), as well as below the whole surface of said lower system’s solar collection mirror (1.4).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above in which the inner 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.5) of the upper system, and the Plano convex mirror (1.6) of the lower system, are both sustained by a common horizontally projecting member (1.2) in each system’s case, and are hence both (1.5, 1.6) mounted on top of each other, with the inner 45 degree inclined flat mirror of the upper system (1.5) being mounted on top of the Plano convex mirror (1.6) of the lower system, such that said horizontally projecting member (1.2) sustains both elements (1.5, 1.6) and is positioned between the two (1.5, 1.6) for each system’s case.
A solar ray concertation system according to the above in which the Plano concave mirrors (1.7) are each supported by a vertically projecting member (1.9), which sustain these (1.9) to a set of two parallel horizontally projecting members (1.3) on which said mirrors (1.7) are
252 attached to, such that said horizontally projecting members (1.3) also sustain the lower system’s flat collection mirror (1.4) for each system’s case.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above in which the outer 45 degree inclined flat mirror (1.10) is sustained by a vertically projecting member (1.11) which attaches to the Plano concave mirror (1.7) positioned below it (1.10).
A solar ray concentration system (1.1) according to the above which comprises a plurality of systems which are mounted on top of the other down said mast (1.1) from top to bottom, and in which a flat collection mirror (1.13) is positioned outwards and sustained by an electric motor actuated rotational system (1.14) which connects to the bottom of said flat mirror (1.13), which is in turn connects to a vertical member (1.11) which connects these to the lower member’s structure (1.3), such that said collection mirror (1.13) is positioned in front of each of said systems comprises a flat mirror (1.4) which is sustained by an electric motor actuated rotary system at the top end of said flat mirror (1.4) and which is sustained by two top positioned horizontal members (1.3) positioned at each side, such that said outer flat collection mirror (1.13) is constantly oriented to reflect the solar rays (1.8) towards a horizontal direction towards the vertical mast (1.1) which sustains said structure, such that if the solar rays (1.8) project at angles high than 45 degrees to the ground, said mirror (1.13) reflects said solar rays (1.8) to the inner solar collection mirror (1.4), which is inclined at 45 degrees in order to reflect these (1.8) at 45 degrees vertically downwards.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above in which the surface of said outer flat collection mirrors (1.13) is oriented at an angle which is exactly perpendicular to the angle of projection of the solar rays (1.8) to the ground, such that said rays are projected to the inner flat collection mirrors (1.4) which reflect said solar rays (1.8) directly vertically downwards, all this being controlled by the computerised control unit which controls the
253 rotational actuators (1.14) when the solar rays (1.8) project at an angle of 45 degrees or lower to the ground, such that said outer flat collection mirrors (1.13) and its connecting members (1.11, 1.9) and rotational systems (1.14) are positioned on top of each other, each (1.13) at the same distance from each other and from the mast structure (1.1) which sustains the set solar ray concentration systems.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above in which said inner flat collection mirror (1.4) is constantly inclined at an angle of 45 degrees, facing partly horizontally away from the mast structure (1.1) and partly vertically downwards when said outer flat collection mirror (1.13) initially reflects the incoming solar rays (1.8) towards said inner flat collection mirror (1.4), such that said outer collection mirror (1.13) is positioned at a greater horizontal distance from the main structural mast (1.1) than the inner collection mirror (1.4), such that said outer collection mirror (1.13) comprises a vertical length component which spans to the upper positioned horizontal members (1.3) when said mirror (1.13) is tilted at its highest inclination angle compared to the ground level.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a concave mirror (3.3) which is positioned at the lower part (3.1) of said mast structure (1.1), such that said concave mirror (3.3) is positioned under the lowest positioned Plano convex mirror (1.6) along said mast structure (1.1), hence being positioned just under said concentrated light rays (1.12), such that said light rays (1.12) are reflected and concentrated approximately horizontally towards said mast structure (1.1, 3.1), and so towards a convex mirror (3.2) which is embedded inside said lower mast structure (3.1), such that said light rays (1.12) access its convex surface (3.2) through a hollow opening situated between said concave (3.3) and said convex (3.2) mirrors, such that said convex mirror (3.2) reflects said concentrated light rays (1.12) back vertically downwards into a hollow vertically projecting pipe (3.7) or channel (3.7), which is embedded inside said lower mast structure (3.1), followed by a
254 vertical pipe or channel (3.15), which continues to drive said concentrated light rays (1.12) into the ground or basement on which said mast structure (1.1, 3.1) is positioned, such that said convex mirror (3.2) faces partly downwards and partly towards said concave mirror (3.3), while said concave mirror (3.3) faces partly upwards towards said lowest positioned Plano convex mirror (1.6), and partly towards said lower positioned convex mirror (3.2).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a rotational system (3.4, 4.8) which is actuated by an electric motorised system, which rotates said mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) about an axis (1.15, 3.16) which is positioned along the middle of said mast structure’s (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) cross-section, such that said rotational axis (1.15, 3.16) always projects along the direction of projection of said mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6), such that said electric rotational mechanism is located under the basement plate (3.4, 4.8), which is positioned at the bottom of said mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6), such that said collection mirrors (1.4, 1.13) will always be positioned opposite to the incoming solar rays (1.8), such that said power generation system comprises a hydroelectric turbine (4.3) which converts the kinetic energy of the gravity driven water (3.9) into electricity prior of passing under said mast structure(s) (1.1, 3.1, 4.6), in which water is converted into steam, and driven to a steam turbine(s) (4.11), which drives generators to generate electricity.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised on floating vessels, including ships, barges, boats, pontoons and floating docks, such that said system is comprised floating on a sea, lake, river, water basin or canal, such that said floating vessel on which said system is comprised, collects the water (3.9) by gravity from the water (3.9) on which said vessel floats, and said water (3.9) is driven by gravity by comprising the water intake (3.12) positioned under the water surface (3.9), such that said water (3.9) flows towards the evaporation area (3.13), in which said water (3.9) is converted into steam to drive steam turbines (4.11) which in turn drive generators, such that said vessels can be moored to
255 the bed of said sea, river, canal, water basing or channel by rigid steel cables which connect said bed to the lower surface of said vessel.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above in which said mast structures (1.1,
3.1, 4.6) are comprised one beside the other (4.6) along a linear pattern, under which a water driving pipe (4.5) projects across the evaporation area (3.13) under each mast structure (1.1,
3.1, 4.6), such that the intake pipe (4.1, 4.2) connects to a water distribution pipe (4.4), which distributes said water (3.9) into the required plurality of water driving pipes (4.5), such that water flows under each tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) and is converted into steam, which is driven along each of said pipes (4.5) to a steam collection pipe (4.9) which connects to all water driving pipes (4.5) altogether, and which drives said steam to a steam driving pipe, (4.10) which drives said steam to at least one steam turbine (4.11), which in turn drives generators to generate electricity, such that a water flow control gate (3.10) is located at the intake of said water intake pipe (3.12), which is positioned into the upper surface of said intake pipe (3.12), and is controlled by a computerised controller, which controls the actuation of said water flow control gate (3.10) according to the data supplied by a light intensity sensor, which is positioned at a high point at the outside, preferably on top of said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is used for desalination applications, hence comprising a salt exit pipe (3.19, 5.11, 6.11, 14.10) along the bottom of said evaporation area (3.13), such that said pipe (3.19, 5.11, 6.11, 14.10) can also be opened by avalve (3.20, 5.12, 6.12, 14.11, 21.12), such that said accumulated salt will be driven away from said system if salt or other undesired material is contained in the circuit’s fluid or water, such that said system can also be used for the isolation of hydrogen and oxygen at the evaporation area (3.13) from said water (3.9), given that the temperatures and pressures present are high enough, such that an oxygen collection pipe (21.10) and a hydrogen
256 collection pipe (21.14) are comprised at the evaporation area (3.13), with each pipe (21.10,
21.14) comprising a membrane to collect only oxygen (21.13) or only hydrogen (21.3), such that each of said pipes (21.10, 21.14) supplies oxygen (21.10) and/or hydrogen (21.14) separately via pipes (21.17) to storage tanks (21.18) or storage areas and/or to industry, as well as supplying hydrogen as a fuel to harbours, ports, airports, petrol stations, railway stations, for use as fuel for aerospace propulsion, road vehicle propulsion, railway propulsion, and/or offshore vessel propulsion.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a heat exchanger or steam generator (3.18, 5.10, 6.10, 14.9, 21.4, 36.2, 37.2, 38.2, 39.2, 40.3, 40.7, 41.3, 41.7,
42.5, 43.5) which is made of a ceramic material or ceramic alloy, steel, copper or aluminium alloy, and which comprises thin cavities for the fluid or water to be driven through, and which is (3.18, 5.10, 6.10, 14.9, 21.4, 36.2, 37.2, 38.2, 39.2, 40.3, 41.3, 42.5, 43.5) comprised just at the bottom end of the concentrated solar ray driving pipe (3.15, 14.7), and hence through the heat transfer area (3.13) of the circuit pipe (3.12, 21.1) which drives the heat collecting fluid, such that said ceramic material will maximise heat transfer efficiency while being kept in its required form and positon thanks to its high melting point and high heat conductivity properties.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above in which pure hydrogen which was previously separated from water, is driven through a pipe (21.14) to be driven under another solar ray concentrator driving pipe (21.8), on which part of the concentrated light rays are reflected by a set of mirrors (21.6, 21.9) and then driven towards the same point by a set of separate pipes (21.5, 21.7), hence projecting on the pure hydrogen gas at various angles with highly concentrated light, and therefore liquefying said pure hydrogen by the laser cooling process, with transparent lenses (21.15, 21.16) sealing said hydrogen flow while simultaneously allowing the passage of said concentrated light rays, such that said liquefied
257 hydrogen is then driven by a pipe (21.17) to a storage tank (21.18) in a liquid state for industrial or propulsion applications.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12, 26.13, 27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 37.2, 39.3, 41.7, 43.5) made of a ceramic material, steel, copper or aluminium alloy which is inclined upwards such that the cavities of said heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12, 26.13, 27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 37.2, 39.3, 41.7,
43.5) which drive said flowing water, drives it upwards after entering into contact with said heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12, 26.13, 27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 37.2, 39.3, 41.7, 43.5), an hence converting said water into steam, hence facilitating the steam driving process, in which said system can also comprise a heat exchanger (29.3, 33.4, 34.5, 35.6) which transfers the excess heat from a primary (29.12) or secondary (33.13, 34.17) circuit, to a refrigerant filled circuit after driving the required steam turbine (29.14, 33.15, 34.18) or any other applications (34.24), such that a compressor delivers said excess heat to an outer space (29.9,
33.11, 34.10) after compressing said refrigerant fluid, in which an air fan (29.8, 33.9, 34.9) finally drives said heat fully out of the system, with said system therefore avoiding the need of any water supply for heat transfer applications.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a steel cable (23.14, 24.6) to control the orientation of each outer collection mirror (23.3, 24.2) which connects to the upper area of said mirrors’ (23.3, 24.2) pivots (23.10), a steel cable (23.11,
24.5) to control the orientation of each inner collection mirror (23.2, 24.1) which connects to the lower area of said mirrors’ (23.2, 24.1) pivots (23.12), and a steel cable (23.16, 24.8) to control the position of the water flow control gate (23.15, 24.7) which connects to said water flow control gate (23.15, 24.7), such that the positions and orientations of these (23.2, 23.3,
23.15, 24.1, 24.2, 24.7) can be controlled from the ground either automatically or manually by the means of electromechanical actuators which connect to handles (23.30, 23.31, 23.33,
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24.9, 24.10, 24.11), with said solar ray concentration system comprising a temperature sensor at the inlet of the water collection pipe (3.12) which connects to said computer to calculate the required water flow rate, and to hence control the water flow control gate (3.10, 23.15,
24.7) according to the solar ray intensity, which can be obtained from a sensor (23.1) positioned at the top of said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.4, 11.5,
12.5, 13.5, 14.1), as well as comprising a de-icing system which is comprised beneath said mirrors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.10, 1.13, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 5.7, 6.2, 6.3, 6.6, 6.7, 7.6, 7.7,
7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.14, 8.6, 8.7, 8.9, 8.10, 8.11, 8.14, 9.3, 9.4, 9.9, 9.10, 9.15, 9.16, 9.21, 9.22,
10.3, 10.5, 11.3, 11.4, 12.3, 12.4, 13.3, 13.4, 23.2, 23.3,24.1,24.2) in order to avoid any icing.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised on the roof of a building, in which the concentrated light rays are driven through a downward vertical pipe (15.14), which comprises a set of mirrors (15.31, 15.36) at the bottom of it (15.14), which reflect part of said concentrated light rays towards applications such as showers (15.11), heaters (15.10), boilers (15.1), and cookers (15.19), with said cooker (15.19) comprising a concave lens (15.28) which concentrates said light rays towards said cooking plate (15.19), depending on the vertical distance which is set between said concave lens (15.28) and the bottom of said cooking plate (15.19), hence adjusting the heat towards the required surface area according to the cooking pot’s (15.18) width which is used, such that said distance can be adjusted by a horizontally moving member (15.21) which connects to a vertical member (15.20), which in turn connects to said vertically movable concave lens (15.28), such that said horizontal member (15.21) can be slid to the side of the cooking pot (15.18), hence adjusting to the bottom surface area of said cooking pot (15.18) being used.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised on a floating vessel or ship, which converts flowing water from the medium on which said vessel floats,
259 into steam when flowing under said vertical light driving pipes (19.6, 19.12), hence flowing through steam generators (19.5, 19.16), such that said steam can be used to drive a steam turbine (19.3) which drives an electricity producing generator (19.2), as well as driving a set of reciprocating piston expanders (19.9, 19.19) which in turn drive said vessel’s propulsion system.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised on a floating vessel or ship, such that said floating vessel or ship separates oxygen from hydrogen after said water flows through said steam generators (20.5, 20.18) under said vertical light driving pipes (20.6, 20.14), hence driving said two substances through separate pipes (20.2, 20.21) to two separate tanks (20.12, 20.24), which can each supply the gases to the reciprocating piston engine (20.9, 20.10) for combustion to supply propulsion and electricity generation.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised in a space system, preferably a space station (22.15), satellite or space habitation module(s) (22.15), which comprises a steam generator (22.13) which is comprised under said light driving pipe (22.2), such that said steam drives a steam turbine (22.8) which drives a generator (22.9) in order to generate electricity, such that the remaining steam is driven through a pipe (22.17) which is situated between the outer surface (22.15) and the thermal insulation (22.18), hence condensing said steam back into liquid water, such that a pump (22.7) drives said water back under said light driving pipe (22.2), such that a counterweight circular member (22.6) rotates in opposite motion to said tower mast structure when being rotated, but about the same axis, to impede any undesired movements by said space structure (22.15).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which comprises tensioned wires (23.14) which sustain said outer flat collection mirrors (23.3), and tensioned wires (23.11) which sustains said inner flat collection mirrors (23.2), which area all sustained by wheels
260 (23.4, 23.5, 23.6, 23.7) which sustain said wires (23.11, 23.14) vertically along a vertical path (23.8) in said tower mast (23.13), such that said wires (23.11, 23.14) are sustained horizontally (23.24) at the bottom of said tower mast structure (23.13), such that said wires (23.11, 23.14) and electric cable (23.28) are sustained by a wheel (23.26) which is always moved at half the speed of rotation of the outer edge of said tower mast structure (23.13), by a circular member (23.22) which comprises half the diameter of said tower mast structure (23.13), as both circular members (23.13, 23.22) are simultaneously rotated by the same electric motor (23.21), such that said wires (23.11, 23.14, 23.24) can be each individually controlled by a set of handles (23.30, 23.31, 23.33), such that one of said handles (23.30) can actuate said water flow control gate (23.15) by the means of a tensioned wire (23.16).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which comprises a covering housing (24.13, 24.14, 24.15) which covers said wires (23.11, 23.14) and cables, as well as said handles (24.9, 24.10, 24.11), and which can be also water tight by the means of watertight members (24.12) being positioned between said housing (24.13, 24.14, 24.15) and said tower mast structure (23.13), hence offering the ability to incorporate said bottom tower system onshore, offshore, over the water surface, and under the water surface.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which comprises a circuit (29.4,
29.11) in which a refrigerant fluid is driven by a compressor (29.10), such that said refrigerant is driven by said compressor (29.10) through a pipe (29.4) towards s heat exchanger (29.3), such that said heat exchanger (29.3) transfers the excess heat of the primary circuit (29.2, 29.12) to said refrigerant, which is driven to said compressor (29.10), which compresses said refrigerant, and releases said heat to its (29.10) surroundings, which is pushed away from the system by an air flow around said compressor (29.10) by an electric air fan (29.8), such that said system can also be comprised on board a floating vessel or ship (30.4).
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A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a water flow in a floating vessel or ship (35.5) which is driven by a pump (35.2) through the heat exchanger (35.6) in order to collect the excess heat from the circuit, and which drives said water flow through a pipe (35.12) out of said system.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2, 37.2) which comprises the circuits of both energy storage fluid (36.4,
37.4), and the water flow circuit (36.3, 37.3), such that said heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2, 37.2) is comprised under said tower mast structure, such that said system can also comprise a heat exchanger (38.2, 39.2) for said energy storage circuit (38.5, 39.5), which also comprises a heat exchanger or steam generator (38.3, 39.3) in which said energy storage fluid’s heat is transferred to said water circuit (38.4, 39.4).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised over an energy storage fluid tank (40.1, 41.1), such that said tower mast structure (40.4, 41.4) is comprised on said building (40.1, 41.1) and hence transfers its heat to a set of metallic members (40.3,
40.2, 41.2, 41.3) which transfers the heat to said energy storage fluid, such that a heat exchanger or steam generator (40.7, 41.7) is also comprised passing through said tank (40.1,
41.1) in order to generate steam from the flowing water, which is supplied by a pipe (40.6,
41.6).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised on an offshore floating or fixed vessel (48.13,49.13, 50.13, 51.13, 52.22, 53.1, 54.14) which comprises said covering housing (48.2, 49.2, 50.3, 51.3, 52.2, 53.2, 54.2) at the bottom of each tower mast structure (48.3, 48.6, 48.12, 49.3, 49.6, 49.12, 50.2, 50.6, 50.12, 51.2, 51.6, 51.12, 52.3, 52.6,
52.9, 53.3, 53.6, 53.10, 54.3, 54.6, 54.9), such that said tower mast structures (48.3, 48.6,
48.12, 49.3, 49.6, 49.12, 50.2, 50.6, 50.12, 51.2, 51.6, 51.12, 52.3, 52.6, 52.9, 53.3, 53.6,
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53.10, 54.3, 54.6, 54.9) can each accomplish a different function, such as steam generation for electricity production, oxygen and hydrogen separation from water, as well as liquefaction of hydrogen by the laser cooling process, such that the energy storage fluid (48.5, 49.5, 50.5,
51.5, 52.5, 53.5, 54.5) and liquid hydrogen (52.8, 53.8, 54.8) storage tanks, are comprised on said vessels (48.13, 49.13, 50.13, 51.13, 52.22, 53.1, 54.14), such that said vessel comprises tower structures (48.10, 49.10, 50.9, 51.9, 52.11, 54.11) with stairs (48.11, 49.11, 50.11,
51.11, 52.13, 53.16, 54.13)for maintenance worker access regardless of any tidal heights, preferably also comprising underneath positioned floating air chambers (48.14, 49.14, 50.16,
51.16, 52.17, 53.18, 54.15) to maximise vessel floating height, such that separate pipes for liquid hydrogen (48.15, 49.15, 50.14, 51.14, 52.15, 53.11, 54.17), oxygen (48.16, 49.16, 50.15, 51.15, 52.16, 53.12, 54.18) and electric power (48.18, 49.18, 50.18, 51.17, 52.18, 53.19, 54.21) supply, are comprised connecting said vessels (48.13, 49.13, 50.13, 51.13, 52.22, 53.1, 54.14) to shore.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised on an offshore vessel or onshore, and which comprises the wirings (55.11, 55.12) for all tower mast structures (55.3, 55.5, 55.7) being guided under covering housings (55.11, 55.12) to a single control room (55.13), hence maximising ease of system control from a single control room (55.13) for a plurality of solar ray concentrators, which is similar to each individual control room (48.4, 49.4, 50.4, 51.4, 52.4, 53.4, 54.4) comprised beside each tower mast structure (48.3, 48.6, 48.12, 49.3, 49.6, 49.12, 50.2, 50.6, 50.12, 51.2, 51.6, 51.12, 52.3, 52.6, 52.9,
53.3, 53.6, 53.10, 54.3, 54.6, 54.9).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised with a plurality of solar ray concentrators (56.1), such that the vertical concentrated light driving pipes (56.2), drive the light rays to a mirror (56.9) under each tower mast structure (56.1), such that each tower mast structure (56.1) connects to an individual pipe (56.10) which drives said light rays
263 by further separate mirrors (56.5, 56.14) to a heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7), where said light rays transfers the heat to said heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7), such that a water circuit (56.15) or energy storage fluid circuit (56.15) flows through said heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7) to collect the heat transferred by said light rays.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised in a set of linearly positioned pluralities of tower mast structures (57.1), in which said linear configurations (57.6) are positioned one beside the other, such that a flat mirror (57.2) is positioned under each solar ray concentrator (57.1), and the solar rays are guided horizontally to a Plano concave mirror (57.4), which drives said light rays to a reflecting Plano convex mirror (57.3), which then drives said solar rays to flat reflection mirror (57.5) which move the position of projection of said light rays, such that the light rays are driven through linear pipes (57.6) under said solar ray concentrators (57.1), to a flat reflection mirror (57.7, 57.9) at the end of each conduit (57.60, which hence drives said light rays through a perpendicularly projecting conduit (57.8) to a flat reflection mirror (57.10) at each side of a concave mirror (57.12), such that said light rays are driven by said flat mirrors (57.10) to said concave mirror (57.12), which concentrates said light rays to a convex mirror (57.11) which then drives said light rays to a flat mirror (57.14), which drives said light rays to a heat exchanger or steam generator (57.19), which transfers the heat of said light rays to at least one fluid conduit (57.17, 58.7, 58.9) for power generation.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised on said system of the above, in which a mirror (59.5) is comprised over the other side projecting one (59.5) in front of a Plano concave mirror (59.7) which drives light rays to a Plano convex mirror (59.10) which drives light to a set of flat mirrors, which change the positions of projection of said light rays, such that said design should also be comprised in the conduits, in which flat mirrors (59.1, 59.3) are positioned in front of each linear conduit (57.6), with sets of flat
264 mirrors (59.2, 59.4) positioned to change the position of projection of the light rays, impeding said light rays to project through the back of said flat mirrors (59.1, 59.3).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, in which said system of the above comprises a concave (63.5) or Plano concave (61.3) mirror which drives the light rays from said flat mirrors (59.1, 59.3), onto a convex (63.4) or Plano convex (61.1) mirror, which hence drives said light rays to a set of flat mirrors (61.4), which adjusts the position of projection of said light rays, such that said concentration mirrors (59.6, 59.7, 59.8) can comprise a concave mirror (65.9) is positioned in front of a convex mirror (65.8), such that said system (65.8, 65.9) concentrates the light rays into a light ray beam.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above in which said system comprised on the above, comprises a flat (69.8, 70.3) or Plano concave (71.4, 72.5) mirrors which reflects said light rays to a heat exchanger or steam generator (70.6, 71.9, 72.7) which in turn transfers said heat to a set of fluid circuits (70.4, 70.10, 71.5, 72.3, 72.11) for power generation purposes.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, in which said system of the above comprises flat reflection mirrors (73.26, 73.27) and/or a concave (75.5) mirror positioned in front of said light rays and a convex (75.7) mirror which concentrates said light rays, and which each (73.26, 73.27) drives light rays by the means of mirrors (73.1, 73.12, 75.1) which drives said light rays to a heat exchanger or steam generator (73.4), and simultaneously to a transparent lens (73.15) on the hydrogen driving pipe (73.18) which liquefies the gaseous hydrogen substance by the laser cooling process, such that said system comprises filters (73.9, 73.10) to separate hydrogen from oxygen, hence producing liquid hydrogen which is driven to a tank (73.22, 75.10) through a pipe (73.20, 75.4), prior of being supplied to petrol or gas stations, or hydrogen supply stations.
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A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised in said system of the above, and which comprises a pipe (80.11) which drives water through the heat exchanger or steam generator (80.15) in which said water is converted into steam, and flows through a salt evacuation area (80.14), in which a pipe (80.33) drives water by a pump (80.27) to said area, which is driven away by another pipe (80.28) by a pump, such that said steam is driven through a pipe (80.13) in a fully desalinated state.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which is comprised in said system of the above, in which a heat exchanger liquefies said desalinated steam and transfers said heat to the primary circuit (80.36) or the intake salt evacuation water pipe (81.6), and another heat exchanger which transfers the excess heat from the primary circuit (80.24) and liquefies the steam after driving the steam turbine (80.29) to the outflow salt evacuation water pipe (80.28) or to a secondary circuit (82.2, 82.6).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised on said system of the above, which comprises a refrigeration circuit (83.6) which is driven by a compressor (83.2), such that said refrigerant flows in a liquid state thorough a pipe (83.1) and through a heat exchanger (83.5) and collects the heat from the gaseous desalinated water, hence liquefying it, and transfers said heat to the compressor (83.2), which releases said heat to the heat exchanger (80.15) by being positioned close to it (80.15) or in it (80.15), hence minimising heat losses, with said conduit preferably also passing through a heat exchanger (84.5) to remove the excess heat from the primary circuit (84.2).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised in said system of the above, which comprises a compressor positioned between said two heat exchangers (83.5,
84.5), which releases the heat transferred by said desalinated water out of the system prior of entering into the second heat exchanger (84.5), and which can comprise the primary circuit
266 water passing through said desalination area (86.1) as steam prior of driving said steam turbine (86.13), and being liquefied by a secondary circuit (86.9) or said intake desalination water pipe (87.6) through the heat exchanger (85.3, 86.10, 87.3) prior of being sent to the desalinated water tank (86.14) through a pipe (86.15), ready for supply.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, under which the heat exchanger or steam generator (90.7) is inclined downwards to allow the salt to flow downwards to the salt evacuation chamber (90.16) positioned after the evaporation process of the water from the water pipe (90.1), hence completing the desalination process, such that said chamber (90.16) is positioned just beside said heat exchanger (90.7), and is supplied with water (90.17) from a pipe (90.11) by a pump (90.12) which collects the flowing salt from the water through a pipe (90.18) by a pump (90.14) and drives it (90.17) through a heat exchanger (90.13) in order to collect the heat from the steam after driving the steam turbine (90.8), such that said desalinated water is driven by a pump (90.23) to the water storage tank (90.4) after driving the steam turbine (90.8), to which it was driven from said chamber (90.16) by a pipe (90.15).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which is comprised on said system of the above, where the primary circuit (91.4) is fully closed, and passes through the heat exchanger (91.3) through a separate pipe (91.2), and which comprises a heat exchanger (91.9) which transfers the heat from said primary circuit (91.8) and the desalinated steam driving pipe (91.10), to the salt removal driving pipe (90.18, 90.21), such that the desalinated water is driven through a pipe (90.22) to the water storage tank (90.4) for supply.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, where a refrigeration circuit (92.7,
93.2) collects heat from the heat exchanger (92.11, 93.7), from the desalinated water circuit (92.9, 93.10) and the primary circuit (92.9, 93.9) to transfer it to the compressor (92.2), which drives said refrigerant, and releases said heat when said compressor (92.2) compresses it,
267 hence releasing said heat to the surrounding air of said compressor (92.2), which is driven out of said system by an electric fan (92.3), or alternatively, said compressor (94.2, 95.4) can be comprised on or near to said heat exchanger (94.5, 95.8), under said tower mast structure (90.3) , hence minimising heat losses to the system.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above in which the solar ray concentrators (96.3) are positioned in linear parallel projecting patterns, where these (96.3) are comprised in a plurality of systems through which said energy storage fluid (96.10) is supplied from the tank (96.20) through a set of supply pipes (96.2) by a main supply pipe (96.6), to collect the heat form said solar ray concentrators (96.3), such that collection pipes (96.4) drive the fluid to a main collection pipe (96.5) collect the heated energy storage fluid, and drives it through a heat exchanger (96.12) to transfer the heat to the primary circuit (96.15) before being driven back to the energy storage fluid tank (96.20).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above where an energy storage driving distribution pipe (97.6) drives fluid from the storage tank (96.20) to a set of driving pipes (97.2), which pass under said solar ray concentrators (97.3) of the above in order to be heated by said solar ray concentrators (97.3), which is then transferred to a main fluid collection pipe (97.7) before being driven back to said tank (96.20), while simultaneously comprising a water distribution pipe (97.11) which drives water to said set of driving pipes (96.2) such that said water passes under said solar ray concentrators (96.3, 97.3) perpendicularly to said energy storage fluid through a pipe (96.26) which projects perpendicularly to said energy storage pipe (97.2), although sharing the same heat exchangers (97.3) under said solar ray concentrators (96.3, 97.3), before said evaporated water is driven through a collection pipe (96.4) which drives to a main collection pipe (96.8) and towards the heat exchanger (96.12) for heat transfer to the primary circuit (96.15).
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A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which is comprised on said system of the above, in which a water pipe (98.8) is driven perpendicularly to the exit areas of said energy storage fluid collection pipes (96.4) in order for said water pipe (98.2) to be driven through perpendicular heat exchangers or steam generators (98.3) which are shared with said exit energy storage fluid collection pipes (96.4), hence supplying heat to said water, and completing the evaporation process, prior of said steam being driven through a follow up pipe (98.1) to the heat exchanger (98.7), where said steam transfers its heat to the primary circuit (96.15, 96.18) and is hence liquefied, prior of restarting the process again, hence remaining constantly in a closed circuit (98.1, 98.2, 98.8).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above in which said system of the above comprises its primary circuit pipe (99.1, 99.2, 99.5) connecting with the distribution (96.6,
96.2, 97.11, 100.1) and collection (97.13, 96.4, 96.5) pipes as a single circuit (96.6, 96.2,
96.4, 96.5, 99.1, 99.2, 99.5, 97.11, 97.13, 100.1) of the set of solar ray concentrators (96.3,
97.3), such that said primary circuit can also be open, hence comprising water being driven from the outside into the system by a pipe (100.8) and collects the excess heat from the exiting water pipe (100.5) through a heat exchanger (100.4), prior of being driven under said solar ray concentrators (96.3, 97.3) by said distribution pipes (96.2, 96.6, 97.11, 100.1), changing into steam, being driven to said steam turbine (100.6) by said collection pipes (96.4,
96.5, 97.13), driving said steam turbine (100.6), and then finally being driven out of the system through said heat exchanger (100.4) to transfer the water excess heat to the incoming water flow (100.8), and finally through a follow up exit pipe (100.3).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which is comprised in a linear horizontally projecting pattern along the ground, with said solar ray concentrators (104.10) being positioned one beside the other (104.10), such that the vertical light driving pipes (104.1) drive the concentrated light rays vertically downwards, to be reflected by flat
269 reflection mirrors (104.3) such that said light rays are being driven to a common downward spot (104.5), where all pipes (104.2, 104.4) meet, such that the further away is a pipe (104.1) from the centre vertically projecting pipe (104.2), the greater is the angle of inclination of said flat mirrors (104.3) for said pipe (104.1), as the greatest is the inclination angle of said lower driving pipes (104.4), which are all (104.4) positioned projecting in a V-shaped side viewed geometry according to said centre pipe (104.2), such that said centre vertically projecting pipe (104.2) is positioned in the middle and over said common spot (104.5) and comprises at least one pipe (104.3, 104.4) positioned beside said vertically projecting centre pipe (104.2), such that all pipes (104.4) drive said light rays to said common spot (104.5), under which a heat exchanger or steam generator (104.7) is positioned to transfer the heat of said light rays to the fluid flowing inside at a least primary or secondary circuit, or an energy storage fluid pipe (104.6, 105.2, 105.6).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which is comprised over said V shaped geometry of the above, which comprises at least three pipes (104.1, 104.2, 104.4) projecting to a heat exchanger (106.3) which comprises an inclined section (106.18) to supply desalination to said water supply (106.7) by driving said water through said water supplied (106.13) salt evacuation container (106.12), as well as the primary circuit (106.8) and steam pipes (106.2) which also are (106.14, 106.15) divided from said chamber (106.2), and which all (106.2, 106.8, 106.14, 106.15) project separately for power generation, hydrogen production and hot water supply.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises a hydrogen driving pipe (107.9) under said V shaped pipe geometry of the above, in order to liquefy hydrogen by the laser cooling process, hence comprising a lens (107.4) which divides said pipe (107.9) from said projecting light area (104.5).
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A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which comprises sets of V shaped pipe layouts (109.1, 109.4) orhalfV shaped pipe layouts (116.1), comprising at least one pipe (116.1, 116.5) to the side of the vertical pipe (116.6), and comprising mirrors (109.3,
116.4) which guide said light rays through inclined pipes (109.6, 109.7, 116.5) from said solar ray concentrators (109.2, 109.5, 116.2, 116.3), which comprises said pipes (109.6,
109.7, 116.5) projecting to separate heat spots (104.5, 116.8) separately, and one (104.5,
116.8) beside the other (104.5, 116.8), such that one heat spot (104.5, 116.8) can supply heat to a heat exchanger (109.9, 116.9) and another heat spot (104.5, 116.8) can supply heat to a hydrogen driving pipe (109.16, 116.13) through said lens (109.10) for hydrogen liquefaction, such that said vertical pipes (116.6) are positioned at the side of said half V shaped pipe layouts (116.1) and over said heat spot (116.8), or at the middle of said V shaped pipe layouts (109.1, 109.4) and over said heat spots (104.5).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised in said system of the above, which comprises at least two salt removal chambers (116.1, 111.19) which are comprised one (116.1) over the other (111.19) and which the water drainage of said upper chamber (116.1) is drained by a pipe (111.11) to said lower salt removal chamber (111.19), which is in turn drained by the pump (111.13) driven drainage pipe (111.18) from said lower chamber (111.19), such that pump (111.9, 111.14) driven water supply pipes (111.15,
111.17), supply water to said chambers (111.6, 111.19), such that at least one chamber (111.6, 111.19) supplies separated steam pipes (112.3, 112.4, 113.2, 113.3, 114.3, 114.7) for power generation, hot water supply and/or hydrogen production through separation of hydrogen from oxygen.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised on said designs of the above, in which said inclined pipes (117.10, 117.13, 117.14) are comprised perpendicularly at a variety of angles around the centre heat projecting spot (117.8, 118.4),
271 from solar ray concentrators (117.1, 117.15) comprised at said variety of angles from said light projecting spot (117.8, 118.4), over which a solar ray concentrator (117.5, 117.6) is comprised over the pipe (117.12, 118.3, 118.5) or device such as a transparent pipe (117.8), or heat exchanger or steam generator (118.4), comprised over said heat projecting spot (117.8, 118.4), towards which all light driving pipes (117.10, 117.13, 117.14) project to, such that said V shaped side viewed layouts (117.10, 117.13, 117.14) are comprised simultaneously along a variety of side viewed planes.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which comprises a pipe (1201.6) through said mast structure (120.12) which drives fluid upwards such that said pipe (120.13) drives fluid through a horizontal pipe (120.9) which flows through a horizontal pipe (120.3) along a Plano concave mirror (120.6) whose rotational pivot is around said horizontal pipe (120.3) , such that said fluid is driven through a horizontal pipe (120.7) to said mast structure (120.13) and flows upwards to the next Plano concave mirror upwards, flowing onwards until the last mirror (120.6), such that said fluid is then driven downwards through a pipe (120.15) inside said mast structure (120.12), such that said mirrors (120.6) are sustained by members (120.4) and are oriented and controlled by tensioned wires (120.8) which are guided through said mast structure (120.12) which are controlled by actuators or handles.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises said system of the above, which comprises said Plano concave mirrors (121.12) to be sustained by lower members (121.14) and a set of two pipes (121.7) which drives said fluid through the upper horizontal pipe (121.2) and through said upper members (121.6) to collect said solar heat, and should preferably comprise Plano concave mirrors (125.1) which are sustained by members (125.6) which sustain said Plano concave mirrors (125.1) under the rotational pivot (125.9) which houses the pivot housing (125.7) which is proportioned around the centre of mass of said Plano concave mirrors (15.1) to maximise energy efficiency, such that said rotational
272 pivot (125.9) drives a set of two pipes (125.5) to drive fluid through the upper horizontal pipe (125.2) to collect solar heat, hence projecting said pipes (125.1) through said upper members (125.4) .
A solar ray concentration system according to the above in which said Plano concave mirrors (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3) of the above are positioned one over the other (120.6, 121.12,
125.1, 128.3) in order to maximise thermal solar energy production and maximise stability of said tower mast structures (120.12, 121.1).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises static upward facing Plano concave mirrors (123.6, 124.4) which are positioned one (123.6, 124.4) over the other (123.6, 124.4), which drives light rays to said upper positioned static horizontal pipes (123.5) and on which said light rays are driven by flat collection mirrors (123.2, 123.3), such that said static upward projecting Plano concave mirrors (123.6, 124.4) concentrate vertically projecting light rays to said static horizontal pipes (123.5) positioned over each of said static upward projecting Plano concave mirrors (123.6, 124.4), such that said pipes (123.5) are supplied by upward driving pipes (123.13, 123.15) which drive fluid through horizontal pipes (123.11, 123.12) onto and out of said horizontal pipe structures (123.5) in order to collect thermal solar heat, and drives said fluid upwards through a flow up pipe (123.7) in said mast structure (123.1) to each upward facing static Plano concave mirror (123.6, 124.4) before said heated fluid is driven back through a pipe (123.4) away from said upper heat collecting pipe (123.5) and down said mast structure (123.1) through another vertically projecting pipe (123.14).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises said system of the above, in which members (123.9, 123.10) sustain said upper projecting Plano concave mirrors (123.6, 124.4) onto a static solid position on said supporting horizontally projecting
273 members (123.16), while upper positioned members (123.8) sustain said upper static horizontal pipe (123.5) on each Plano concave mirror (123.6, 124.4) by connecting said pipe (123.5) to said lower positioned upper facing Plano concave mirrors (123.6, 124.4) for the case of each Plano concave mirror (123.6, 124.4), such that said pipe (123.5) sustain said horizontally projecting fluid driving pipes (123.4, 123.11, 123.12).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises weight induced tensioned wires (121.5, 126.2, 126.6, 127.5, 127.10, 129.5, 129.8, 130.6, 131.3, 132.4,
132.13, 136.5, 136.16), preferably also opposite direction oriented wires (126.5, 126.7, 127.6,
127.11, 129.3, 129.7, 130.5, 131.2, 132.1, 132.12, 136.1, 136.17), such that for each mirror (120.6, 121.12, 123.3, 123.2, 124.1, 124.2, 125.1, 126.8, 126.10, 127.1, 127.2, 128.3, 129.1,
129.2, 130.3, 131.6, 132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9), one of each wire type (121.5,
126.2, 126.6, 127.5, 127.10, 129.5, 129.8, 130.6, 131.3, 132.4, 132.13, 136.5, 136.16, 126.5,
126.7, 127.6, 127.11, 129.3, 129.7, 130.5, 131.2, 132.1, 132.12, 136.1, 136.17, 128.5, 128.6) attaches to the rotational pivots (120.3, 121.4, 125.7, 126.3, 126.4, 127.7, 127.9, 128.7, 129.4,
129.6, 130.1, 131.8, 132.6, 136.3, 136.10) of said flat collection mirrors (123.3, 123.2, 124.1,
124.2, 126.8, 126.10, 127.1, 127.2, 129.1, 129.2, 132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9) and said Plano concave mirrors (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3, 130.3, 131.6), which can be easily oriented and controlled by said wires (121.5, 126.2, 126.6, 127.5, 127.10, 129.5, 129.8,
130.6, 131.3, 132.4, 132.13, 136.5, 136.16, 126.5, 126.7, 127.6, 127.11, 129.3, 129.7, 130.5,
131.2, 132.1, 132.12, 136.1, 136.17, 128.5, 128.6) when being submitted to tensional stresses, such that said stressed wires (121.5, 126.2, 126.6, 127.5, 127.10, 129.5, 129.8,
130.6, 131.3, 132.4, 132.13, 136.5, 136.16) are constantly submitted to stress due to the weight of said Plano concave mirrors (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3, 130.3, 131.6) and said flat collection mirrors (123.3, 123.2, 124.1, 124.2, 126.8, 126.10, 127.1, 127.2, 129.1, 129.2,
132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9), but said opposite direction oriented wire type
274 (126.5, 126.7, 127.6, 127.11, 129.3, 129.7, 130.5, 131.2, 132.1, 132.12, 136.1, 136.17) is submitted to stress according to the rotational direction of said Plano concave mirrors (120.6,
121.12, 125.1, 128.3, 130.3, 131.6) and flat collection mirrors (123.3, 123.2, 124.1, 124.2,
126.8, 126.10, 127.1, 127.2, 129.1, 129.2, 132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which comprises flat solar ray collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9) which connect to the actuators (132.6, 136.3, 136.10) at the centre of mass points of said flat solar ray collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9), but said flat collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5,
135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9) should preferably comprise the centres of mass positioned under said actuator points (132.6, 136.3, 136.10) in order for said flat solar ray collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9) to be positioned projecting sidewaysand so being positioned vertically downwards as the default position in the case that at least one of said wires of the above snap.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which comprises horizontally projecting sets of wires (120.8, 121.5, 124.3, 126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.10, 130.4, 131.1,
132.3, 132.16, 134.4, 136.14, 136.18) which comprise at least one wire (120.8, 121.5, 124.3,
126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.10, 130.4, 131.1, 132.3, 132.16, 134.4, 136.14, 136.18), and which comprise said tensioned (121.5, 126.2, 126.6, 127.5, 127.10, 129.5, 129.8, 130.6, 131.3,
132.4, 132.13, 136.5, 136.16) wires and/or said opposite direction oriented (126.5, 126.7,
127.6, 127.11, 129.3, 129.7, 130.5, 131.2, 132.1, 132.12, 136.1, 136.17) wires for each Plano concave (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3, 130.3, 131.6) and flat collection (132.2, 132.5, 135.1,
135.2, 136.2, 136.9) mirrors, to supply each mirror (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3, 130.3,
131.6, 132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9) with said wired control systems of the above, such that said wires (120.8, 121.5, 124.3, 126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.10, 130.4, 131.1, 132.3,
132.16, 134.4, 136.14, 136.18) connect from said mast structure (120.12, 121.1, 123.1) to
275 said rotational pivots (120.3, 121.4, 125.7, 126.3, 126.4, 127.7, 127.9, 128.7, 129.4, 129.6,
130.1, 131.8, 132.6, 136.3, 136.10).
A solar ray contrition system according to the above which comprises horizontally projecting members (132.8, 136.4) which connect said tower mast structure (120.12, 121.1, 123.1) to said rotational pivots (136.3) of said inner flat collection mirrors (132.5, 135.1, 136.2) of the above, through which said actuation wires (132.3, 136.18) are driven, as well as comprising vertical slightly outward inclined projecting members (132.11, 134.3, 136.6) which connect the horizontal members (132.14, 134.1, 136.15) which sustain said Plano concave (132.17,
134.5, 136.8) or concave (133.2) mirrors to said tower mast structure (120.12, 121.1, 123.1) and through which said actuation wires (132.16, 134.4, 136.14) are driven, to said rotational pivots (132.6, 136.10) of said outer flat collection mirrors (132.2, 135.2, 136.9) of the above, hence comprising separate members (132.8, 136.4, 132.11, 134.3, 136.6) for each flat collection mirror (132.5, 135.1, 136.2, 132.2, 135.2, 136.9).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises Plano concave (1.7,2.4, 6.3,7.11,8.11,9.4, 9.9, 123.6, 126.13, 132.17, 134.5) or concave (9.16, 9.22, 10.3,
11.4, 12.3, 13.3, 127.4, 133.2) mirrors positioned under said inner flat collection mirrors (132.5, 135.1, 136.2) of the above, and which concentrate said vertically projecting light rays to concave (9.15, 9.21), Plano concave (9.3, 9.10), Plano convex (1.6, 6.2, 7.10, 8.10, 126.11,
132.10, 134.6, ) or convex (10.5, 11.3, 12.4, 13.4, 127.3, 133.1) mirrors, either towards (1.6,
6.2, 9.10, 9.21, 10.5, 11.3, 126.11, 127.3, 132.10, 133.1) or away from (7.10, 8.10, 9.3,9.15,
12.4, 13.4, 134.6) said tower mast structure (120.12, 121.1, 123.1).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which comprises Plano concave mirrors (125.1, 128.3) which rotate around a pivot (125.7, 125.9, 128.7) which is positioned between said Plano concave mirror’s (125.1, 128.3) surface and said heat receiving pipe
276 (125.2), such that said rotational pivot (125.7, 125.9, 128.7) is positioned as close to the centre of mass of said mirror structure (125.1, 125.3, 125.6, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4) as possible, hence reducing the energy need for said rotational motioned adjustments of said mirrors (125.1, 128.3).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which comprises wheels being positioned on the two horizontally projecting surfaces of the cavity of said mast structure (23.25), through which said horizontal member (23.26) slides when being moved by said lower diameter rotational wheel (23.22) when said tower mast is rotated, such that said wheels minimise friction by constantly contacting said horizontally moving member (23.26), which drives said position of said adjusting pulley (23.27) horizontally away or towards said tower mast structure (23.13, 120.12, 121.1, 123.1).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, where said rotational pivots (132.6,
136.3, 136.10) of said flat collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9) of the above, are positioned at approximately at the same height from the ground for said inner flat collection mirrors (132.5, 135.1, 136.2) as for said outer flat collection mirrors (132.2, 135.2,
136.9), such that both inner mirror’s pivots (136.3) and outer mirror’s pivots (132.6, 136.10), are positioned along the same height, and hence the same horizontal plane for each set of inner (132.5, 135.1, 136.2) and outer (132.2, 135.2, 136.9) flat solar ray collection mirrors, hence maximising solar ray reflection efficiency.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, in which all movable pivots (120.3,
121.4, 122.23a, 122.6b, 125.7, 126.3, 126.4, 127.7, 127.9, 128.7, 129.4, 129.6, 130.1, 131.8,
132.6, 132.21, 136.3, 136.10, 139.2, 139.5, 140.5, 140.8) of said mirrors (120.6, 121.12, 122.10a, 122.9b, 123.2, 123.3, 124.1, 124.2, 125.1, 126.8, 126.10, 127.1, 127.2, 128.3, 129.1,
129.2, 130.3, 131.6, 132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9, 139.3, 139.6, 140.1, 140.2,
277
140.7, 140.6), comprise an electrical actuator for said movable operation, which is attached to said pivot (120.3, 121.4, 122.23a, 122.6b, 125.7, 126.3, 126.4, 127.7, 127.9, 128.7, 129.4,
129.6, 130.1, 131.8, 132.6, 132.21, 136.3, 136.10, 139.2, 139.5, 140.5, 140.8), hence making the actuation system fully electrical.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, in which said tower mast structure (23.13, 120.12, 121.1, 123.1) is comprised inside a closed structure, which is comprised over said closed housing structures (138.6, 138.7), and comprises metallic frames (138.1, 138.2,
138.3) to sustained said structure and the large glass window panes which are comprised between said frames (138.1, 138.2, 138.3), which also comprises a water collection system (138.4) to collect the water flowing from the roof through a water drainage sink (138.5) down said structure, hence avoiding any wind from moving said tower mast structure, as well as keeping said structure closed, and isolating said tower mast structure from any undesired outer world inconveniences, such as birds.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, which comprises said horizontally projecting mirror sustaining members (139.1, 139.4) which are longer as the mirror in question (139.3, 139.6) is comprised higher, and hence further away from the bottom of said tower mast structure (23.13, 120.12, 121.1, 123.1), due to the mirrors (139.3, 139.6) being sustained from a point which is further upwards from the centre of mass of said mirrors (139.3, 139.6) as said mirrors are positioned higher, thus compensating the added weight of the actuation wires (120.8, 121.5, 124.3, 126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.10, 130.4, 131.1, 132.3,
132.16, 134.4, 136.14, 136.18) for said mirrors (139.3, 139.6).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, in which said flat solar ray collection mirrors (140.1, 140.2, 140.6, 140.7) are supported by a counterweights (140.3,
140.4, 140.9, 140.10) which is comprised along the lower rear area of said mirrors (140.1,
278
140.2, 140.6, 140.7), hence compensating the added weight of the actuation wires (120.8,
121.5, 124.3, 126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.10, 130.4, 131.1, 132.3, 132.16, 134.4, 136.14, 136.18) of said mirrors (140.1, 140.2, 140.6, 140.7) as said mirrors (140.1, 140.2, 140.6, 140.7) are positioned higher along said tower mast structure (23.13, 120.12, 121.1, 123.1), hence comprising larger or longer counterweights (140.3, 140.4, 140.9, 140.10) being comprised on said mirrors (140.1, 140.2, 140.6, 140.7) when these are comprised higher on said tower mast structure (23.13, 120.12, 121.1, 123.1).
A solar ray concentration system according to the above on which said tower mast structures (1.1, 3.1, 4.6, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.7, 9.13, 9.19, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1), said concave (9.15,9.21), convex (3.2, 5.6, 6.6, 10.5, 11.3, 12.4, 13.4), Plano concave (9.3,9.10) or Plano convex (1.6, 6.2, 7.10, 8.10) light reflection mirrors should preferably comprise lower radii of curvature than the concave (3.3,5.7, 6.7, 9.16,9.22, 10.3, 11.4, 12.3, 13.3) or Plano concave (1.7, 2.4, 6.3, 7.11, 8.11, 9.4, 9.9) mirrors which concentrate said light rays towards said mirrors (1.6, 3.2, 5.6, 6.2, 6.6, 7.10, 8.10, 9.3, 9.10, 9.15, 9.21, 10.5, 11.3, 12.4, 13.4), in order for the concentration of light rays to be functional and efficient.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above in which said light reflecting concave (76.3c, 76.3d, 77.8b, 77.10d, 78.4b, 78.4d), convex (76.3a, 76.3b, 76.4j, 77.8a, 77.10c, 78.4a, 78.4c), Plano concave (76.4g, 76.4h, 77.8f, 77.10h, 78.4f, 78.4h) or Plano convex (76.4e, 76.4f, 77.8e, 77.10g, 78.4e, 78.4g) mirrors which are comprised in front of said light ray concentrating concave (76.4a, 76.4b, 76.4c, 76.4d, 76.5j, 77.9a, 77.9b, 77.11c, 77.1 Id, 78.5a, 78.5b, 78.5c, 78.5d) or Plano concave (76.5e, 76.5f, 76.5g, 76.5h, 77.9e, 77.9f, 77.11g, 77.11h, 78.5e, 78.5f, 78.5g, 78.5h) mirrors, should also preferably comprise lower radii of curvature than said light ray concentrating mirrors (76.4a, 76.4b, 76.4c, 76.4d, 76.5j, 77.9a, 77.9b, 77.11c, 77.1 Id, 78.5a, 78.5b, 78.5c, 78.5d, 76.5e, 76.5f, 76.5g, 76.5h, 77.9e, 77.9f, 77.1 lg, 77.1 lh, 78.5e, 78.5f, 78.5g, 78.5h) in said light collection conduits (57.6,
279
78.3a, 78.3b, 78.3c, 78.3d, 78.3e, 78.3f, 78.3g, 78.3h, 78.3i, 78.5j), said perpendicularly projecting light driving conduits (57.8, 61.2, 77.3a, 77.3b, 77.3c, 77.3d, 77.3e, 77.3f, 77.3g, 77.3h, 77.3i, 77.3j, 77.5k), said central light driving conduits (57.13, 59.10, 69.7, 71.3, 72.4, 73.25, 75.8, 76.2a, 76.2b, 76.2c, 76.2d, 76.3e, 76.3f, 76.3g, 76.3h, 76.2i, 76.3j), and said final light driving conduits (59.11, 60.5, 62.5, 63.9, 64.5, 65.11, 66.5, 67.12, 68.5, 69.10, 70.5,
71.7, 72.6, 73.30, 74.3), as said design will make the concentration of light rays fully functional and efficient, requiring the minimum space.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above which is comprised in a solar ray concentration system, in which said previously stated elements are made of a composite material, preferably carbon fibre reinforced plastics or glass fibre reinforced plastics, or a transparent material, preferably glass, transparent PVC or UPVC, or Plexiglas, or a plastic material, preferably UPVC, PVC, polyethylene or polypropylene, or a metallic material, preferably steel or an aluminium alloy, or cement, or concrete, or a ceramic material, or a combination of at least two of said materials, such that said solar ray concentration system is comprised in a solar ray concentration system, in which all of said systems and components of the above, are manufactured using extrusion and extrusion moulding processes, hot or cold die processing, forging, forging press processes, casting, plastic injection moulding processes, and machining processes such as milling, laser cutting or waterjet cutting processes.
A solar ray concentration system according to the above, in which said solar ray concentration system supplies power and/or supplies heat and/or supplies water and/or is comprised in mountainous areas, high altitude places, low altitude places, lake shores, sea shores, lakes, rivers, river sides, seas, canals, channels, canal shores, channel shores, ships, boats, submarines, trains, trucks, lorries, trailers, aircraft, air cushion ground effect vehicles, ground effect vehicles, maritime vehicles, naval vehicles, helicopters, airplanes, space planes,
280 spacecraft, satellites, space stations, buildings, houses, factories, factory buildings, telecommunication towers, communication towers, airports, airport control towers, hospitals, tower blocks, towers, skyscrapers, quarries, mines, harbours, cranes, power stations, cooling towers, antennas, oceanographic vessels, icebreakers, offshore vessels, wind turbine offshore vessels, oil tankers, container vessels, solar thermal power generation offshore vessels, thermal power generation offshore vessels, offshore vessels, workboats, work vessels, tugs, marine vessels, oil rigs, oil rig towers, oil drilling towers, oil drilling vessels, industrial vessels, crane masts, cranes, wind turbines, wind turbine masts, signalling masts, signalling towers, railway signalling towers, railway signalling masts, traffic light masts, jack-up cranes, jack-up vessels, jack-up ships, jack-up rigs, rigs, barges, floating barges, sea barges, river barges, canal barges, railway catenary pillars, railway catenary masts, road traffic masts, road lighting masts, street lighting masts, pontoons, submersible pontoons, submersible barges, submersible vessels, submersible offshore vessels, bridges, bridge masts, dams, submersible wind turbine vessels, submersible solar thermal power generation vessels, desalination plants, offshore desalination plants, submersible desalination plants, semi-submersible desalination plants, semi-submersible barges, semi-submersible pontoons, semi-submersible vessels, semi-submersible offshore vessels, semi-submersible wind turbine vessels, semi-submersible solar thermal power generation vessels, icebreakers, shipyards, shipyard docks, dry docks, floating docks, semi-submersible docks, docks, harbours, ports, dockyards, airports, petrol stations, electric vehicle supply stations, space launching stations, spaceports and railway stations.
Claims (67)
- Claims:1) A solar ray concentration system which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) which comprises a plurality of system base levels positioned one on top of the other, with each of said system base levels comprising an upper horizontal member (7.5, 8.5) which comprises a concave mirror (12.3, 13.3) which comprises its (12.3, 13.3) lower edge positioned on the upper surface of said end of said horizontal member (7.5, 8.5), while comprising an inner flat collection mirror (7.14, 8.14) hanging from said end of said horizontal member (7.5, 8.5), such that said concave mirror (12.3, 13.3) faces partly vertically upwards, and partly away from said mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) and towards a convex mirror (12.4, 13.4), such that said convex mirror (12.4, 13.4) faces partly vertically downwards, and partly towards said mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) and towards said concave mirror (12.3, 13.3), such that the upper edge of said concave mirror (12.3, 13.3) is positioned closer to said tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) than said concave mirror’s (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) lower edge, and that the upper edge of said mirror (12.3, 13.3) is sustained by an upper horizontal member (7.4, 8.4) which sustains said convex mirror (12.4, 13.4) which faces said concave mirror (12.3, 13.3) at said upper horizontal member’s lower end (7.4, 8.4), with the top of said end (7.4, 8.4) sustaining an outer flat collection mirror (7.6, 8.6) positioned on a vertically projecting member (7.3, 8.3), as well as a top positioned outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.9, 8.9) and a top positioned inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (7.7, 8.7) which is situated nearer to said tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) than said inner reflection mirror (7.7, 8.7), such that a light rays shielding member (12.1, 13.1) which projects in parallel to said mast structure (7.1,8.1, 11.5, 12.5) is comprised behind said mirrors (12.3, 12.4, 13.3, 13.4,7.7,8.7,7.9,8.9) and said mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5), comprises the same width as said oppositely282 positioned mirrors (12.3, 12.4, 13.3, 13.4, 7.7, 8.7, 7.9, 8.9), and is sustained to said mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) by a plurality of horizontal members (12.2, 13.2).
- 2) A solar ray concentration system according to claim 1 which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1) which comprises a Plano concave mirror (7.11,8.11, 9.4) at each equal position and orientation as said concave mirrors (12.3, 13.3) along said tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1), as well as a Plano convex mirror (7.10, 8.10, 9.3) comprised at each equal position and orientation as said convex mirrors (12.4, 13.4) along the tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1).
- 3) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 2 which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5) which comprises said concave mirrors (10.3,11.4) projecting partly vertically upwards in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5), and partly towards said tower mast structure (10.4,11.5) , and hence towards a convex mirror (10.5, 11.3), such that said convex mirrors (10.5, 11.3) project partly vertically downwards in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5), and partly away from said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5), and hence towards said concave mirrors (10.3, 11.4), such that said positioning of components is comprised at each system base level along the entire plurality of system base levels of said tower mast structure (10.4, 11.5).
- 4) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 3 which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) which comprises concave (9.15,9.21) and/or Plano concave (9.3, 9.10) mirrors comprised at the same positions and orientations as said Plano convex mirrors (1.6, 7.10, 8.10) and/or said convex mirrors (10.5, 11.3, 12.4, 13.4), such that said concave (9.15, 9.21) or Plano concave (9.3, 9.10) mirrors always face partly vertically downwards in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (9.1, 9.7, 9.13, 9.19) and partly towards said concave (9.16,2839.22) or Plano concave (9.4, 9.9) mirrors, such that said light rays are driven through the focal point of said concave (9.16, 9.22) or Plano concave (9.4, 9.9) mirrors prior of being reflected downwards into a coherent light ray (9.6, 9.12, 9.18, 9.23) by said concave (9.15, 9.21) or Plano concave (9.3, 9.10) mirrors, such that said concave (9.15, 9.21) or Plano concave (9.3, 9.10) mirrors are always positioned with the surfaces of said mirrors (9.3, 9.10, 9.15, 9.21) facing saidPlano concave mirrors (1.7, 2.4, 7.11, 8.11, 9.4, 9.9) or said concave mirrors (9.16, 9.22, 10.3, 11.4, 12.3, 13.3).
- 5) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 4 which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) in which the bottom area of the tower mast structure (5.1), comprises a light concentration system in which a pair of 45 degree inclined flat reflation mirrors (5.3, 5.4) reflects the light rays (5.2) to a parallel path to said tower mast structure (5.1), such that the inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (5.3) faces partly vertically downwards in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (5.1), and partly horizontally away from said tower mast structure (5.1) towards the outer flat 45 degree inclined reflection mirror, while the outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (5.4) faces partly vertically downwards in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (5.1), and partly horizontally towards said tower mast structure (5.1), and hence towards said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (5.3), such that said concave (5.7) and outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection (5.4) mirrors are positioned further from said tower mast structure (5.1) than said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (5.3).
- 6) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 5 which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5) in which the bottom area of the tower mast structure (6.1), comprises a light concentration system in which the lowest positioned inner Plano convex mirror (6.2) is positioned in front of the outer positioned284Plano concave mirror (6.3), which is in turn sustained by a horizontal member (6.4) which is sustained by said mast structure (6.1), such that a concave mirror (6.7) is positioned under said upper positioned outer Plano concave mirror (6.3), such that the light rays (6.5) reflected by said Plano convex mirror (6.2) are projected between said tower mast structure (6.1) and said outer Plano concave mirror (6.3), such that said concave mirror (6.7) reflects said light rays (6.5) towards a convex mirror (6.6) embedded inside said lower mast structure (6.1), and that said lowest positioned Plano concave (6.3) and concave (6.7) mirrors are positioned further from said tower mast structure (6.1) than said lowest positioned Plano convex mirror (6.2).
- 7) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 6 which comprises a vertically projecting tower mast structure (7.1, 8.1, 11.5, 12.5, 14.1) which comprises an outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.3) which reflects the vertically downwards projecting light rays (14.2) horizontally into said lower mast structure area (14.1), and so into a cavity until said light rays (14.7) are reflected back vertically downwards again by a tower mast structure (14.1) embedded 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.4), such that said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.4) faces partly vertically downwards and in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (14.1), and partly horizontally away from said tower mast structure (14.1) and towards said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.3), while said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.3) faces partly vertically upwards and in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (14.1) and partly horizontally towards said tower mast structure (14.1) and towards said inner 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.4), such that said outer 45 degree inclined flat reflection mirror (14.3) is sustained by a vertical member (14.5) positioned at the end of a horizontal member (14.6) which attaches to said tower mast structure (14.1).285
- 8) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 7 which comprises a vertically projecting pipe (3.7) embedded in the lower part of the tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1,14.1), which projects (3.7) in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1), and which connects to a follow up pipe (3.15) which projects in parallel to the direction of projection of said tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1,14.1), such that both pipes (3.7, 3.15) are located at the centre of the cross-sectional area of said tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1), and that said follow up pipe (3.15) connects to the fluid driving pipe (3.13) in which the heat of the concentrated light rays (14.7) heats up the passing fluid in said fluid driving pipe (3.13), such that a transparent lens (3.17, 5.9, 6.9, 14.8) is comprised at the bottom of said vertically projecting follow up pipe (3.15), hence separating the inner volume of said follow up pipe (3.15) from that of said fluid driving pipe (3.13), hence avoiding any fluid from entering said follow up pipe (3.15) from said fluid driving pipe (3.13) in liquid or vapour form.
- 9) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 8 which comprises a transparent lens (119.5) along the hollow opening which is comprised through the lower mast structure area (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1), and hence between said inner tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1) imbedded flat (14.4) or concave (3.2, 5.6, 6.6) mirrors, and said outer positioned concave (3.3, 5.7, 6.7) or flat (14.3) mirrors, hence separating the inner volume of said tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1) embedded vertically projecting pipe (3.7) from the outer surrounding environment of said tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1), and hence avoiding any dirt or undesired materials from entering into said vertical tower mast structure (3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1) embedded pipe (3.7), therefore minimising maintenance costs, and maximising system safety, reliability and power generation efficiency through a maximised energy transmission efficiency by the means of said concentrated light rays (14.7).286
- 10) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 9 which comprises a heat exchanger or steam generator (3.18, 5.10, 6.10, 14.9, 21.4, 36.2, 37.2, 38.2, 39.2, 40.3,40.7, 41.3, 41.7, 42.5, 43.5) which is made of a ceramic material or ceramic alloy, steel, copper or aluminium alloy, and which comprises thin cavities for the fluid or water to be driven through, and which is (3.18, 5.10, 6.10, 14.9, 21.4, 36.2, 37.2, 38.2, 39.2, 40.3,41.3, 42.5, 43.5) comprised just at the bottom end of the concentrated solar ray driving pipe (3.15, 14.7), and hence through the heat transfer area (3.13) of the circuit pipe (3.12,21.1) which drives the heat collecting fluid, such that said ceramic material will maximise heat transfer efficiency while being kept in its required form and positon thanks to its high melting point and high heat conductivity properties.
- 11) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 10 in which pure hydrogen which was previously separated from water, is driven through a pipe (21.14) to be driven under another solar ray concentrator driving pipe (21.8), on which part of the concentrated light rays are reflected by a set of mirrors (21.6, 21.9) and then driven towards the same point by a set of separate pipes (21.5, 21.7), hence projecting on the pure hydrogen gas at various angles with highly concentrated light, and therefore liquefying said pure hydrogen by the laser cooling process, with transparent lenses (21.15, 21.16) sealing said hydrogen flow while simultaneously allowing the passage of said concentrated light rays, such that said liquefied hydrogen is then driven by a pipe (21.17) to a storage tank (21.18) in a liquid state for industrial or propulsion applications.
- 12) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 11 which comprises a heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12, 26.13, 27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 37.2, 39.3, 41.7, 43.5) made of a ceramic material, steel, copper or aluminium alloy which is inclined upwards such that the cavities of said heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12, 26.13, 27.12,28.10, 29.15, 37.2, 39.3, 41.7, 43.5) which drive said flowing water, drives it upwards287 after entering into contact with said heat exchanger or steam generator (25.12, 26.13,27.12, 28.10, 29.15, 37.2, 39.3, 41.7, 43.5), an hence converting said water into steam, hence facilitating the steam driving process, in which said system can also comprise a heat exchanger (29.3, 33.4, 34.5, 35.6) which transfers the excess heat from a primary (29.12) or secondary (33.13, 34.17) circuit, to a refrigerant filled circuit after driving the required steam turbine (29.14, 33.15, 34.18) or any other applications (34.24), such that a compressor delivers said excess heat to an outer space (29.9, 33.11, 34.10) after compressing said refrigerant fluid, in which an air fan (29.8, 33.9, 34.9) finally drives said heat fully out of the system, with said system therefore avoiding the need of any water supply for heat transfer applications.
- 13) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 12 which comprises a steel cable (23.14, 24.6) to control the orientation of each outer collection mirror (23.3, 24.2) which connects to the upper area of said mirrors’ (23.3, 24.2) pivots (23.10), a steel cable (23.11, 24.5) to control the orientation of each inner collection mirror (23.2, 24.1) which connects to the lower area of said mirrors’ (23.2, 24.1) pivots (23.12), and a steel cable (23.16, 24.8) to control the position of the water flow control gate (23.15, 24.7) which connects to said water flow control gate (23.15, 24.7), such that the positions and orientations of these (23.2, 23.3, 23.15, 24.1, 24.2, 24.7) can be controlled from the ground either automatically or manually by the means of electromechanical actuators which connect to handles (23.30, 23.31, 23.33, 24.9, 24.10, 24.11), with said solar ray concentration system comprising a temperature sensor at the inlet of the water collection pipe (3,12) which connects to said computer to calculate the required water flow rate, and to hence control the water flow control gate (3.10, 23.15, 24.7) according to the solar ray intensity, which can be obtained from a sensor (23.1) positioned at the top of said tower mast structure (1.1, 3.1, 4.6, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.4, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.1), as well as288 comprising a de-icing system which is comprised beneath said mirrors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7,I. 10, 1.13, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 5.7, 6.2, 6.3, 6.6, 6.7, 7.6, 7.7, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.14,8.6, 8.7, 8.9, 8.10, 8.11, 8.14, 9.3, 9.4, 9.9, 9.10, 9.15, 9.16, 9.21, 9.22, 10.3, 10.5, 11.3,II. 4, 12.3, 12.4, 13.3, 13.4, 23.2, 23.3,24.1,24.2) in order to avoid any icing.
- 14) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 13 which is comprised on the roof of a building, in which the concentrated light rays are driven through a downward vertical pipe (15.14), which comprises a set of mirrors (15.31, 15.36) at the bottom of it (15.14), which reflect part of said concentrated light rays towards applications such as showers (15.11), heaters (15.10), boilers (15.1), and cookers (15.19), with said cooker (15.19) comprising a concave lens (15.28) which concentrates said light rays towards said cooking plate (15.19), depending on the vertical distance which is set between said concave lens (15.28) and the bottom of said cooking plate (15.19), hence adjusting the heat towards the required surface area according to the cooking pot’s (15.18) width which is used, such that said distance can be adjusted by a horizontally moving member (15.21) which connects to a vertical member (15.20), which in turn connects to said vertically movable concave lens (15.28), such that said horizontal member (15.21) can be slid to the side of the cooking pot (15.18), hence adjusting to the bottom surface area of said cooking pot (15.18) being used.
- 15) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 14 which is comprised on a floating vessel or ship, which converts flowing water from the medium on which said vessel floats, into steam when flowing under said vertical light driving pipes (19.6,19.12), hence flowing through steam generators (19.5, 19.16), such that said steam can be used to drive a steam turbine (19.3) which drives an electricity producing generator (19.2), as well as driving a set of reciprocating piston expanders (19.9, 19.19) which in turn drive said vessel’s propulsion system.289
- 16) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 15 which is comprised on a floating vessel or ship, such that said floating vessel or ship separates oxygen from hydrogen after said water flows through said steam generators (20.5, 20.18) under said vertical light driving pipes (20.6, 20.14), hence driving said two substances through separate pipes (20.2, 20.21) to two separate tanks (20.12, 20.24), which can each supply the gases to the reciprocating piston engine (20.9, 20.10) for combustion to supply propulsion and electricity generation.
- 17) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 16 which is comprised in a space system, preferably a space station (22.15), satellite or space habitation module(s) (22.15), which comprises a steam generator (22.13) which is comprised under said light driving pipe (22.2), such that said steam drives a steam turbine (22.8) which drives a generator (22.9) in order to generate electricity, such that the remaining steam is driven through a pipe (22.17) which is situated between the outer surface (22.15) and the thermal insulation (22.18), hence condensing said steam back into liquid water, such that a pump (22.7) drives said water back under said light driving pipe (22.2), such that a counterweight circular member (22.6) rotates in opposite motion to said tower mast structure when being rotated, but about the same axis, to impede any undesired movements by said space structure (22.15).
- 18) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 17, which comprises tensioned wires (23.14) which sustain said outer flat collection mirrors (23.3), and tensioned wires (23.11) which sustains said inner flat collection mirrors (23.2), which area all sustained by wheels (23.4, 23.5, 23.6, 23.7) which sustain said wires (23.11, 23.14) vertically along a vertical path (23.8) in said tower mast (23.13), such that said wires (23.11, 23.14) are sustained horizontally (23.24) at the bottom of said tower mast structure (23.13), such that said wires (23.11, 23.14) and electric cable (23.28) are sustained by awheel (23.26)290 which is always moved at half the speed of rotation of the outer edge of said tower mast structure (23.13), by a circular member (23.22) which comprises half the diameter of said tower mast structure (23.13), as both circular members (23.13, 23.22) are simultaneously rotated by the same electric motor (23.21), such that said wires (23.11, 23.14, 23.24) can be each individually controlled by a set of handles (23.30, 23.31, 23.33), such that one of said handles (23.30) can actuate said water flow control gate (23.15) by the means of a tensioned wire (23.16).
- 19) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 18, which comprises a covering housing (24.13, 24.14, 24.15) which covers said wires (23.11, 23.14) and cables, as well as said handles (24.9, 24.10, 24.11), and which can be also water tight by the means of watertight members (24.12) being positioned between said housing (24.13, 24.14, 24.15) and said tower mast structure (23.13), hence offering the ability to incorporate said bottom tower system onshore, offshore, over the water surface, and under the water surface.
- 20) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 19, which comprises a circuit (29.4, 29.11) in which a refrigerant fluid is driven by a compressor (29.10), such that said refrigerant is driven by said compressor (29.10) through a pipe (29.4) towards s heat exchanger (29.3), such that said heat exchanger (29.3) transfers the excess heat of the primary circuit (29.2, 29.12) to said refrigerant, which is driven to said compressor (29.10), which compresses said refrigerant, and releases said heat to its (29.10) surroundings, which is pushed away from the system by an air flow around said compressor (29.10) by an electric air fan (29.8), such that said system can also be comprised on board a floating vessel or ship (30.4).
- 21) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 20 which comprises a water flow in a floating vessel or ship (35.5) which is driven by a pump (35.2) through the heat291 exchanger (35.6) in order to collect the excess heat from the circuit, and which drives said water flow through a pipe (35.12) out of said system.
- 22) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 21 which comprises a heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2, 37.2) which comprises the circuits of both energy storage fluid (36.4, 37.4), and the water flow circuit (36.3, 37.3), such that said heat exchanger or steam generator (36.2, 37.2) is comprised under said tower mast structure, such that said system can also comprise a heat exchanger (38.2, 39.2) for said energy storage circuit (38.5, 39.5), which also comprises a heat exchanger or steam generator (38.3, 39.3) in which said energy storage fluid’s heat is transferred to said water circuit (38.4, 39.4).
- 23) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 22 which is comprised over an energy storage fluid tank (40.1, 41.1), such that said tower mast structure (40.4, 41.4) is comprised on said building (40.1, 41.1) and hence transfers its heat to a set of metallic members (40.3, 40.2, 41.2, 41.3) which transfers the heat to said energy storage fluid, such that a heat exchanger or steam generator (40.7, 41.7) is also comprised passing through said tank (40.1, 41.1) in order to generate steam from the flowing water, which is supplied by a pipe (40.6, 41.6).
- 24) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 23 which is comprised on an offshore floating or fixed vessel (48.13, 49.13, 50.13, 51.13, 52.22, 53.1, 54.14) which comprises said covering housing (48.2, 49.2, 50.3, 51.3, 52.2, 53.2, 54.2) at the bottom of each tower mast structure (48.3, 48.6, 48.12, 49.3, 49.6, 49.12, 50.2, 50.6, 50.12, 51.2,51.6, 51.12, 52.3, 52.6, 52.9, 53.3, 53.6, 53.10, 54.3, 54.6, 54.9), such that said tower mast structures (48.3, 48.6, 48.12, 49.3, 49.6, 49.12, 50.2, 50.6, 50.12, 51.2, 51.6, 51.12,52.3, 52.6, 52.9, 53.3, 53.6, 53.10, 54.3, 54.6, 54.9) can each accomplish a different function, such as steam generation for electricity production, oxygen and hydrogen292 separation from water, as well as liquefaction of hydrogen by the laser cooling process, such that the energy storage fluid (48.5, 49.5, 50.5, 51.5, 52.5, 53.5, 54.5) and liquid hydrogen (52.8, 53.8, 54.8) storage tanks, are comprised on said vessels (48.13, 49.13,50.13, 51.13, 52.22, 53.1, 54.14), such that said vessel comprises tower structures (48.10,49.10, 50.9, 51.9, 52.11, 54.11) with stairs (48.11, 49.11, 50.11, 51.11, 52.13, 53.16,54.13) for maintenance worker access regardless of any tidal heights, preferably also comprising underneath positioned floating air chambers (48.14, 49.14, 50.16, 51.16,52.17, 53.18, 54.15) to maximise vessel floating height, such that separate pipes for liquid hydrogen (48.15, 49.15, 50.14, 51.14, 52.15, 53.11, 54.17), oxygen (48.16, 49.16, 50.15, 51.15, 52.16, 53.12, 54.18) and electric power (48.18, 49.18, 50.18, 51.17, 52.18, 53.19, 54.21) supply, are comprised connecting said vessels (48.13, 49.13, 50.13, 51.13, 52.22,53.1, 54.14) to shore.
- 25) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 24 which is comprised on an offshore vessel or onshore, and which comprises the wirings (55.11, 55.12) for all tower mast structures (55.3, 55.5, 55.7) being guided under covering housings (55.11, 55.12) to a single control room (55.13), hence maximising ease of system control from a single control room (55.13) for a plurality of solar ray concentrators, which is similar to each individual control room (48.4, 49.4, 50.4, 51.4, 52.4, 53.4, 54.4) comprised beside each tower mast structure (48.3, 48.6, 48.12, 49.3, 49.6, 49.12, 50.2, 50.6, 50.12, 51.2, 51.6, 51.12, 52.3, 52.6, 52.9, 53.3, 53.6, 53.10, 54.3, 54.6, 54.9).
- 26) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 25 which is comprised with a plurality of solar ray concentrators (56.1), such that the vertical concentrated light driving pipes (56.2), drive the light rays to a mirror (56.9) under each tower mast structure (56.1), such that each tower mast structure (56.1) connects to an individual pipe (56.10) which drives said light rays by further separate mirrors (56.5, 56.14) to a heat exchanger or293 steam generator (56.7), where said light rays transfers the heat to said heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7), such that a water circuit (56.15) or energy storage fluid circuit (56.15) flows through said heat exchanger or steam generator (56.7) to collect the heat transferred by said light rays.
- 27) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 26 which is comprised in a set of linearly positioned pluralities of tower mast structures (57.1), in which said linear configurations (57.6) are positioned one beside the other, such that a flat mirror (57.2) is positioned under each solar ray concentrator (57.1), and the solar rays are guided horizontally to a Plano concave mirror (57.4), which drives said light rays to a reflecting Plano convex mirror (57.3), which then drives said solar rays to flat reflection mirror (57.5) which move the position of projection of said light rays, such that the light rays are driven through linear pipes (57.6) under said solar ray concentrators (57.1), to a flat reflection mirror (57.7, 57.9) at the end of each conduit (57.60, which hence drives said light rays through a perpendicularly projecting conduit (57.8) to a flat reflection mirror (57.10) at each side of a concave mirror (57.12), such that said light rays are driven by said flat mirrors (57.10) to said concave mirror (57.12), which concentrates said light rays to a convex mirror (57.11) which then drives said light rays to a flat mirror (57.14), which drives said light rays to a heat exchanger or steam generator (57.19), which transfers the heat of said light rays to at least one fluid conduit (57.17, 58.7, 58.9) for power generation.
- 28) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 27 which is comprised on said system of claim 27, in which a mirror (59.5) is comprised over the other side projecting one (59.5) in front of a Plano concave mirror (59.7) which drives light rays to a Plano convex mirror (59.10) which drives light to a set of flat mirrors, which change the positions of projection of said light rays, such that said design should also be comprised294 in the conduits, in which flat mirrors (59.1, 59.3) are positioned in front of each linear conduit (57.6), with sets of flat mirrors (59.2, 59.4) positioned to change the position of projection of the light rays, impeding said light rays to project through the back of said flat mirrors (59.1, 59.3).
- 29) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 28, in which said system of claim 28 comprises a concave (63.5) or Plano concave (61.3) mirror which drives the light rays from said flat mirrors (59.1, 59.3), onto a convex (63.4) or Plano convex (61.1) mirror, which hence drives said light rays to a set of flat mirrors (61.4), which adjusts the position of projection of said light rays, such that said concentration mirrors (59.6, 59.7,59.8) can comprise a concave mirror (65.9) is positioned in front of a convex mirror (65.8), such that said system (65.8, 65.9) concentrates the light rays into a light ray beam.
- 30) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 29 in which said system comprised on claim 29 comprises a flat (69.8, 70.3) or Plano concave (71.4, 72.5) mirrors which reflects said light rays to a heat exchanger or steam generator (70.6, 71.9, 72.7) which in turn transfers said heat to a set of fluid circuits (70.4, 70.10, 71.5, 72.3, 72.11) for power generation purposes.
- 31) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 30, in which said system of claim 30 comprises flat reflection mirrors (73.26, 73.27) and/or a concave (75.5) mirror positioned in front of said light rays and a convex (75.7) mirror which concentrates said light rays, and which each (73.26, 73.27) drives light rays by the means of mirrors (73.1, 73.12, 75.1) which drives said light rays to a heat exchanger or steam generator (73.4), and simultaneously to a transparent lens (73.15) on the hydrogen driving pipe (73.18) which liquefies the gaseous hydrogen substance by the laser cooling process, such that said system comprises filters (73.9, 73.10) to separate hydrogen from oxygen, hence295 producing liquid hydrogen which is driven to a tank (73.22, 75.10) through a pipe (73.20,75.4), prior of being supplied to petrol or gas stations, or hydrogen supply stations.
- 32) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 31 which is comprised in said system of claim 31, and which comprises a pipe (80.11) which drives water through the heat exchanger or steam generator (80.15) in which said water is converted into steam, and flows through a salt evacuation area (80.14), in which a pipe (80.33) drives water by a pump (80.27) to said area, which is driven away by another pipe (80.28) by a pump, such that said steam is driven through a pipe (80.13) in a fully desalinated state.
- 33) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 32 which is comprised in said system of claim 32, in which a heat exchanger liquefies said desalinated steam and transfers said heat to the primary circuit (80.36) or the intake salt evacuation water pipe (81.6), and another heat exchanger which transfers the excess heat from the primary circuit (80.24) and liquefies the steam after driving the steam turbine (80.29) to the outflow salt evacuation water pipe (80.28) or to a secondary circuit (82.2, 82.6).
- 34) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 33 which is comprised on said system of claim 33, which comprises a refrigeration circuit (83.6) which is driven by a compressor (83.2), such that said refrigerant flows in a liquid state thorough a pipe (83.1) and through a heat exchanger (83.5) and collects the heat from the gaseous desalinated water, hence liquefying it, and transfers said heat to the compressor (83.2), which releases said heat to the heat exchanger (80.15) by being positioned close to it (80.15) or in it (80.15), hence minimising heat losses, with said conduit preferably also passing through a heat exchanger (84.5) to remove the excess heat from the primary circuit (84.2).
- 35) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 34 which is comprised in said system of claim 34, which comprises a compressor positioned between said two heat exchangers (83.5, 84.5), which releases the heat transferred by said desalinated water out296 of the system prior of entering into the second heat exchanger (84.5), and which can comprise the primary circuit water passing through said desalination area (86.1) as steam prior of driving said steam turbine (86.13), and being liquefied by a secondary circuit (86.9) or said intake desalination water pipe (87.6) through the heat exchanger (85.3,86.10, 87.3) prior of being sent to the desalinated water tank (86.14) through a pipe (86.15), ready for supply.
- 36) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 35 under which the heat exchanger or steam generator (90.7) is inclined downwards to allow the salt to flow downwards to the salt evacuation chamber (90.16) positioned after the evaporation process of the water from the water pipe (90.1), hence completing the desalination process, such that said chamber (90.16) is positioned just beside said heat exchanger (90.7), and is supplied with water (90.17) from a pipe (90.11) by a pump (90.12) which collects the flowing salt from the water through a pipe (90.18) by a pump (90.14) and drives it (90.17) through a heat exchanger (90.13) in order to collect the heat from the steam after driving the steam turbine (90.8), such that said desalinated water is driven by a pump (90.23) to the water storage tank (90.4) after driving the steam turbine (90.8), to which it was driven from said chamber (90.16) by a pipe (90.15).
- 37) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 36, which is comprised on said system of claim 36, where the primary circuit (91.4) is fully closed, and passes through the heat exchanger (91.3) through a separate pipe (91.2), and which comprises a heat exchanger (91.9) which transfers the heat from said primary circuit (91.8) and the desalinated steam driving pipe (91.10), to the salt removal driving pipe (90.18, 90.21), such that the desalinated water is driven through a pipe (90.22) to the water storage tank (90.4) for supply.297
- 38) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 37, where a refrigeration circuit (92.7, 93.2) collects heat from the heat exchanger (92.11, 93.7), from the desalinated water circuit (92.9, 93.10) and the primary circuit (92.9, 93.9) to transfer it to the compressor (92.2), which drives said refrigerant, and releases said heat when said compressor (92.2) compresses it, hence releasing said heat to the surrounding air of said compressor (92.2), which is driven out of said system by an electric fan (92.3), or alternatively, said compressor (94.2, 95.4) can be comprised on or near to said heat exchanger (94.5, 95.8), under said tower mast structure (90.3), hence minimising heat losses to the system.
- 39) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 38 in which the solar ray concentrators (96.3) are positioned in linear parallel projecting patterns, where these (96.3) are comprised in a plurality of systems through which said energy storage fluid (96.10) is supplied from the tank (96.20) through a set of supply pipes (96.2) by a main supply pipe (96.6), to collect the heat form said solar ray concentrators (96.3), such that collection pipes (96.4) drive the fluid to a main collection pipe (96.5) collect the heated energy storage fluid, and drives it through a heat exchanger (96.12) to transfer the heat to the primary circuit (96.15) before being driven back to the energy storage fluid tank (96.20).
- 40) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 39 where an energy storage driving distribution pipe (97.6) drives fluid from the storage tank (96.20) to a set of driving pipes (97.2), which pass under said solar ray concentrators (97.3) of claim 39 in order to be heated by said solar ray concentrators (97.3), which is then transferred to a main fluid collection pipe (97.7) before being driven back to said tank (96.20), while simultaneously comprising a water distribution pipe (97.11) which drives water to said set of driving pipes (96.2) such that said water passes under said solar ray concentrators298 (96.3, 97.3) perpendicularly to said energy storage fluid through a pipe (96.26) which projects perpendicularly to said energy storage pipe (97.2), although sharing the same heat exchangers (97.3) under said solar ray concentrators (96.3, 97.3), before said evaporated water is driven through a collection pipe (96.4) which drives to a main collection pipe (96.8) and towards the heat exchanger (96.12) for heat transfer to the primary circuit (96.15).
- 41) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 40, which is comprised on said system of claim 39, in which a water pipe (98.8) is driven perpendicularly to the exit areas of said energy storage fluid collection pipes (96.4) in order for said water pipe (98.2) to be driven through perpendicular heat exchangers or steam generators (98.3) which are shared with said exit energy storage fluid collection pipes (96.4), hence supplying heat to said water, and completing the evaporation process, prior of said steam being driven through a follow up pipe (98.1) to the heat exchanger (98.7), where said steam transfers its heat to the primary circuit (96.15, 96.18) and is hence liquefied, prior of restarting the process again, hence remaining constantly in a closed circuit (98.1, 98.2,98.8).
- 42) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 41 in which said system of claims 39 to 41 comprises its primary circuit pipe (99.1, 99.2, 99.5) connecting with the distribution (96.6, 96.2, 97.11, 100.1) and collection (97.13, 96.4, 96.5) pipes as a single circuit (96.6, 96.2, 96.4, 96.5, 99.1, 99.2, 99.5, 97.11, 97.13, 100.1) of the set of solar ray concentrators (96.3, 97.3), such that said primary circuit can also be open, hence comprising water being driven from the outside into the system by a pipe (100.8) and collects the excess heat from the exiting water pipe (100.5) through a heat exchanger (100.4), prior of being driven under said solar ray concentrators (96.3, 97.3) by said distribution pipes (96.2, 96.6, 97.11, 100.1), changing into steam, being driven to said299 steam turbine (100.6) by said collection pipes (96.4, 96.5, 97.13), driving said steam turbine (100.6), and then finally being driven out of the system through said heat exchanger (100.4) to transfer the water excess heat to the incoming water flow (100.8), and finally through a follow up exit pipe (100.3).
- 43) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 42, which is comprised in a linear horizontally projecting pattern along the ground, with said solar ray concentrators (104.10) being positioned one beside the other (104.10), such that the vertical light driving pipes (104.1) drive the concentrated light rays vertically downwards, to be reflected by flat reflection mirrors (104.3) such that said light rays are being driven to a common downward spot (104.5), where all pipes (104.2, 104.4) meet, such that the further away is a pipe (104.1) from the centre vertically projecting pipe (104.2), the greater is the angle of inclination of said flat mirrors (104.3) for said pipe (104.1), as the greatest is the inclination angle of said lower driving pipes (104.4), which are all (104.4) positioned projecting in a V-shaped side viewed geometry according to said centre pipe (104.2), such that said centre vertically projecting pipe (104.2) is positioned in the middle and over said common spot (104.5) and comprises at least one pipe (104.3, 104.4) positioned beside said vertically projecting centre pipe (104.2), such that all pipes (104.4) drive said light rays to said common spot (104.5), under which a heat exchanger or steam generator (104.7) is positioned to transfer the heat of said light rays to the fluid flowing inside at a least primary or secondary circuit, or an energy storage fluid pipe (104.6,105.2, 105.6).
- 44) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 43, which is comprised over said V shaped geometry of claim 43, which comprises at least three pipes (104.1, 104.2,104.4) projecting to a heat exchanger (106.3) which comprises an inclined section (106.18) to supply desalination to said water supply (106.7) by driving said water through300 said water supplied (106.13) salt evacuation container (106.12), as well as the primary circuit (106.8) and steam pipes (106.2) which also are (106.14, 106.15) divided from said chamber (106.2), and which all (106.2, 106.8, 106.14, 106.15) project separately for power generation, hydrogen production and hot water supply.
- 45) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 44 which comprises a hydrogen driving pipe (107.9) under said V shaped pipe geometry of claim 43, in order to liquefy hydrogen by the laser cooling process, hence comprising a lens (107.4) which divides said pipe (107.9) from said projecting light area (104.5).
- 46) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 45, which comprises sets of V shaped pipe layouts (109.1, 109.4) or half V shaped pipe layouts (116.1), comprising at least one pipe (116.1, 116.5) to the side of the vertical pipe (116.6), and comprising mirrors (109.3, 116.4) which guide said light rays through inclined pipes (109.6, 109.7,116.5) from said solar ray concentrators (109.2, 109.5, 116.2, 116.3), which comprises said pipes (109.6, 109.7, 116.5) projecting to separate heat spots (104.5, 116.8) separately, and one (104.5, 116.8) beside the other (104.5, 116.8), such that one heat spot (104.5, 116.8) can supply heat to a heat exchanger (109.9, 116.9) and another heat spot (104.5, 116.8) can supply heat to a hydrogen driving pipe (109.16, 116.13) through said lens (109.10) for hydrogen liquefaction, such that said vertical pipes (116.6) are positioned at the side of said half V shaped pipe layouts (116.1) and over said heat spot (116.8), or at the middle of said V shaped pipe layouts (109.1, 109.4) and over said heat spots (104.5).
- 47) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 46 which is comprised in said system of claim 46, which comprises at least two salt removal chambers (116.1, 111.19) which are comprised one (116.1) over the other (111.19) and which the water drainage of said upper chamber (116.1) is drained by a pipe (111.11) to said lower salt removal301 chamber (111.19), which is in turn drained by the pump (111.13) driven drainage pipe (111.18) from said lower chamber (111.19), such that pump (111.9, 111.14) driven water supply pipes (111.15, 111.17), supply water to said chambers (111.6, 111.19), such that at least one chamber (111.6, 111.19) supplies separated steam pipes (112.3, 112.4, 113.2,113.3, 114.3, 114.7) for power generation, hot water supply and/or hydrogen production through separation of hydrogen from oxygen.
- 48) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 47 which is comprised on said designs of claims 43 to 47, in which said inclined pipes (117.10, 117.13, 117.14) are comprised perpendicularly at a variety of angles around the centre heat projecting spot (117.8, 118.4), from solar ray concentrators (117.1, 117.15) comprised at said variety of angles from said light projecting spot (117.8, 118.4), over which a solar ray concentrator (117.5, 117.6) is comprised over the pipe (117.12, 118.3, 118.5) or device such as a transparent pipe (117.8), or heat exchanger or steam generator (118.4), comprised over said heat projecting spot (117.8, 118.4), towards which all light driving pipes (117.10,117.13, 117.14) project to, such that said V shaped side viewed layouts (117.10, 117.13,117.14) are comprised simultaneously along a variety of side viewed planes.
- 49) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 48, which comprises a pipe (1201.6) through said mast structure (120.12) which drives fluid upwards such that said pipe (120.13) drives fluid through a horizontal pipe (120.9) which flows through a horizontal pipe (120.3) along a Plano concave mirror (120.6) whose rotational pivot is around said horizontal pipe (120.3), such that said fluid is driven through a horizontal pipe (120.7) to said mast structure (120.13) and flows upwards to the next Plano concave mirror upwards, flowing onwards until the last mirror (120.6), such that said fluid is then driven downwards through a pipe (120.15) inside said mast structure (120.12), such that said mirrors (120.6) are sustained by members (120.4) and are oriented and controlled by302 tensioned wires (120.8) which are guided through said mast structure (120.12) which are controlled by actuators or handles.
- 50) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 51 which comprises said system of claim 51, which comprises said Plano concave mirrors (121.12) to be sustained by lower members (121.14) and a set of two pipes (121.7) which drives said fluid through the upper horizontal pipe (121.2) and through said upper members (121.6) to collect said solar heat, and should preferably comprise Plano concave mirrors (125.1) which are sustained by members (125.6) which sustain said Plano concave mirrors (125.1) under the rotational pivot (125.9) which houses the pivot housing (125.7) which is proportioned around the centre of mass of said Plano concave mirrors (15.1) to maximise energy efficiency, such that said rotational pivot (125.9) drives a set of two pipes (125.5) to drive fluid through the upper horizontal pipe (125.2) to collect solar heat, hence projecting said pipes (125.1) through said upper members (125.4).
- 51) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 50 in which said Plano concave mirrors (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3) of claims 49 and 50 are positioned one over the other (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3) in order to maximise thermal solar energy production and maximise stability of said tower mast structures (120.12, 121.1).
- 52) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 51 which comprises static upward facing Plano concave mirrors (123.6, 124.4) which are positioned one (123.6,124.4) over the other (123.6, 124.4), which drives light rays to said upper positioned static horizontal pipes (123.5) and on which said light rays are driven by flat collection mirrors (123.2, 123.3), such that said static upward projecting Plano concave mirrors (123.6, 124.4) concentrate vertically projecting light rays to said static horizontal pipes (123.5) positioned over each of said static upward projecting Plano concave mirrors (123.6, 124.4), such that said pipes (123.5) are supplied by upward driving pipes (123.13,303123.15) which drive fluid through horizontal pipes (123.11, 123.12) onto and out of said horizontal pipe structures (123.5) in order to collect thermal solar heat, and drives said fluid upwards through a flow up pipe (123.7) in said mast structure (123.1) to each upward facing static Plano concave mirror (123.6, 124.4) before said heated fluid is driven back through a pipe (123.4) away from said upper heat collecting pipe (123.5) and down said mast structure (123.1) through another vertically projecting pipe (123.14).
- 53) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 52 which comprises said system of claim 52, in which members (123.9, 123.10) sustain said upper projecting Plano concave mirrors (123.6, 124.4) onto a static solid position on said supporting horizontally projecting members (123.16), while upper positioned members (123.8) sustain said upper static horizontal pipe (123.5) on each Plano concave mirror (123,6,124.4) by connecting said pipe (123.5) to said lower positioned upper facing Plano concave mirrors (123.6, 124.4) for the case of each Plano concave mirror (123.6, 124.4), such that said pipe (123.5) sustain said horizontally projecting fluid driving pipes (123.4,123.11, 123.12).
- 54) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 53 which comprises weight induced tensioned wires (121.5, 126.2, 126.6, 127.5, 127.10, 129.5, 129.8, 130.6, 131.3,132.4, 132.13, 136.5, 136.16), preferably also opposite direction oriented wires (126.5,126.7, 127.6, 127.11, 129.3, 129.7, 130.5, 131.2, 132.1, 132.12, 136.1, 136.17), such that for each mirror (120.6, 121.12, 123.3, 123.2, 124.1, 124.2, 125.1, 126.8, 126.10, 127.1,127.2, 128.3, 129.1, 129.2, 130.3, 131.6, 132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9), one of each wire type (121.5, 126.2, 126.6, 127.5, 127.10, 129.5, 129.8, 130.6, 131.3, 132.4,132.13, 136.5, 136.16, 126.5, 126.7, 127.6, 127.11, 129.3, 129.7, 130.5, 131.2, 132.1,132.12, 136.1, 136.17, 128.5, 128.6) attaches to the rotational pivots (120.3, 121.4, 125.7,126.3, 126.4, 127.7, 127.9, 128.7, 129.4, 129.6, 130.1, 131.8, 132.6, 136.3, 136.10) of304 said flat collection mirrors (123.3, 123.2, 124.1, 124.2, 126.8, 126.10, 127.1, 127.2,129.1, 129.2, 132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9) and saidPlano concave mirrors (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3, 130.3, 131.6), which can be easily oriented and controlled by said wires (121.5, 126.2, 126.6, 127.5, 127.10, 129.5, 129.8, 130.6, 131.3, 132.4,132.13, 136.5, 136.16, 126.5, 126.7, 127.6, 127.11, 129.3, 129.7, 130.5, 131.2, 132.1,132.12, 136.1, 136.17, 128.5, 128.6) when being submitted to tensional stresses, such that said stressed wires (121.5, 126.2, 126.6, 127.5, 127.10, 129.5, 129.8, 130.6, 131.3, 132.4,132.13, 136.5, 136.16) are constantly submitted to stress due to the weight of said Plano concave mirrors (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3, 130.3, 131.6) and said flat collection mirrors (123.3, 123.2, 124.1, 124.2, 126.8, 126.10, 127.1, 127.2, 129.1, 129.2, 132.2,132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9), but said opposite direction oriented wire type (126.5,126.7, 127.6, 127.11, 129.3, 129.7, 130.5, 131.2, 132.1, 132.12, 136.1, 136.17) is submitted to stress according to the rotational direction of said Plano concave mirrors (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3, 130.3, 131.6) and flat collection mirrors (123.3, 123.2,124.1, 124.2, 126.8, 126.10, 127.1, 127.2, 129.1, 129.2, 132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2,136.9).
- 55) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 54 which comprises flat solar ray collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9) which connect to the actuators (132.6, 136.3, 136.10) at the centre of mass points of said flat solar ray collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9), but said flat collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9) should preferably comprise the centres of mass positioned under said actuator points (132.6, 136.3, 136.10) in order for said flat solar ray collection mirrors (132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9) to be positioned projecting sideways and so being positioned vertically downwards as the default position in the case that at least one of said wires of claim 54 snap.305
- 56) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 55, which comprises horizontally projecting sets of wires (120.8, 121.5, 124.3, 126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.10,130.4, 131.1, 132.3, 132.16, 134.4, 136.14, 136.18) which comprise at least one wire (120.8, 121.5, 124.3, 126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.10, 130.4, 131.1, 132.3, 132.16, 134.4,136.14, 136.18), and which comprise said tensioned (121.5, 126.2, 126.6, 127.5, 127.10,129.5, 129.8, 130.6, 131.3, 132.4, 132.13, 136.5, 136.16) wires and/or said opposite direction oriented (126.5, 126.7, 127.6, 127.11, 129.3, 129.7, 130.5, 131.2, 132.1, 132.12,136.1, 136.17) wires for each Plano concave (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3, 130.3, 131.6) and flat collection (132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9) mirrors, to supply each mirror (120.6, 121.12, 125.1, 128.3, 130.3, 131.6, 132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2,136.9) with said wired control systems of claim 54, such that said wires (120.8, 121.5,124.3, 126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.10, 130.4, 131.1, 132.3, 132.16, 134.4, 136.14, 136.18) connect from said mast structure (120.12, 121.1, 123.1) to said rotational pivots (120.3,121.4, 125.7, 126.3, 126.4, 127.7, 127.9, 128.7, 129.4, 129.6, 130.1, 131.8, 132.6, 136.3,136.10) .
- 57) A solar ray contrition system according to claims 1 to 56 which comprises horizontally projecting members (132.8, 136.4) which connect said tower mast structure (120.12,121.1, 123.1) to said rotational pivots (136.3) of said inner flat collection mirrors (132.5,135.1, 136.2) of claim 55, through which said actuation wires (132.3, 136.18) are driven, as well as comprising vertical slightly outward inclined projecting members (132.11,134.3, 136.6) which connect the horizontal members (132.14, 134.1, 136.15) which sustain said Plano concave (132.17, 134.5, 136.8) or concave (133.2) mirrors to said tower mast structure (120.12, 121.1, 123.1) and through which said actuation wires (132.16, 134.4, 136.14) are driven, to said rotational pivots (132.6, 136.10) of said outer flat collection mirrors (132.2, 135.2, 136.9) of claim 55, hence comprising separate306 members (132.8, 136.4, 132.11, 134.3, 136.6) for each flat collection mirror (132.5,135.1, 136.2, 132.2, 135.2, 136.9).
- 58) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 57 which comprises Plano concave (1.7, 2.4, 6.3,7.11,8.11,9.4, 9.9, 123.6, 126.13, 132.17, 134.5) or concave (9.16, 9.22, 10.3, 11.4, 12.3, 13.3, 127.4, 133.2) mirrors positioned under said inner flat collection mirrors (132.5, 135.1, 136.2) of claim 55, and which concentrate said vertically projecting light rays to concave (9.15, 9.21), Plano concave (9.3, 9.10), Plano convex (1.6, 6.2, 7.10,8.10, 126.11, 132.10, 134.6,) or convex (10.5, 11.3, 12.4, 13.4, 127.3,133.1) mirrors, either towards (1.6, 6.2, 9.10, 9.21, 10.5, 11.3, 126.11, 127.3, 132.10,133.1) or away from (7.10,8.10, 9.3,9.15, 12.4, 13.4, 134.6) said tower mast structure (120.12, 121.1, 123.1).
- 59) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 58 which comprises Plano concave mirrors (125.1, 128.3) which rotate around a pivot (125.7, 125.9, 128.7) which is positioned between said Plano concave mirror’s (125.1, 128.3) surface and said heat receiving pipe (125.2), such that said rotational pivot (125.7, 125.9, 128.7) is positioned as close to the centre of mass of said mirror structure (125.1, 125.3, 125.6, 128.2, 128.3,128.4) as possible, hence reducing the energy need for said rotational motioned adjustments of said mirrors (125.1, 128.3).
- 60) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 59, which comprises wheels being positioned on the two horizontally projecting surfaces of the cavity of said mast structure (23.25), through which said horizontal member (23.26) slides when being moved by said lower diameter rotational wheel (23.22) when said tower mast is rotated, such that said wheels minimise friction by constantly contacting said horizontally moving member (23.26), which drives said position of said adjusting pulley (23.27) horizontally away or towards said tower mast structure (23.13, 120.12, 121.1, 123.1).307
- 61) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 60 where said rotational pivots (132.6, 136.3, 136.10) of said flat collection mirrors of claim 55 (132.2, 132.5, 135.1,135.2, 136.2, 136.9), are positioned at approximately at the same height from the ground for said inner flat collection mirrors (132.5, 135.1, 136.2) as for said outer flat collection mirrors (132.2, 135.2, 136.9), such that both inner mirror’s pivots (136.3) and outer mirror’s pivots (132.6, 136.10), are positioned along the same height, and hence the same horizontal plane for each set of inner (132.5, 135.1, 136.2) and outer (132.2, 135.2, 136.9) flat solar ray collection mirrors, hence maximising solar ray reflection efficiency.
- 62) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 61, in which all movable pivots (120.3, 121.4, 122.23a, 122.6b, 125.7, 126.3, 126.4, 127.7, 127.9, 128.7, 129.4, 129.6,130.1, 131.8, 132.6, 132.21, 136.3, 136.10, 139.2, 139.5, 140.5, 140.8) of said mirrors (120.6, 121.12, 122.10a, 122.9b, 123.2, 123.3, 124.1, 124.2, 125.1, 126.8, 126.10, 127.1,127.2, 128.3, 129.1, 129.2, 130.3, 131.6, 132.2, 132.5, 135.1, 135.2, 136.2, 136.9, 139.3,139.6, 140.1, 140.2, 140.7, 140.6), comprise an electrical actuator for said movable operation, which is attached to said pivot (120.3, 121.4, 122.23a, 122.6b, 125.7, 126.3,126.4, 127.7, 127.9, 128.7, 129.4, 129.6, 130.1, 131.8, 132.6, 132.21, 136.3, 136.10,139.2, 139.5, 140.5, 140.8), hence making the actuation system fully electrical.
- 63) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 62, in which said tower mast structure (23.13, 120.12, 121.1, 123.1) is comprised inside a closed structure, which is comprised over said closed housing structures (138.6, 138.7), and comprises metallic frames (138.1, 138.2, 138.3) to sustained said structure and the large glass window panes which are comprised between said frames (138.1, 138.2, 138.3), which also comprises a water collection system (138.4) to collect the water flowing from the roof through a water drainage sink (138.5) down said structure, hence avoiding any wind from moving said308 tower mast structure, as well as keeping said structure closed, and isolating said tower mast structure from any undesired outer world inconveniences, such as birds.
- 64) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 63, which comprises said horizontally projecting mirror sustaining members (139.1, 139.4) which are longer as the mirror in question (139.3, 139.6) is comprised higher, and hence further away from the bottom of said tower mast structure (23.13, 120.12, 121.1, 123.1), due to the mirrors (139.3, 139.6) being sustained from a point which is further upwards from the centre of mass of said mirrors (139.3, 139.6) as said mirrors are positioned higher, thus compensating the added weight of the actuation wires (120.8, 121.5, 124.3, 126.1, 127.8,128.1, 129.10, 130.4, 131.1, 132.3, 132.16, 134.4, 136.14, 136.18) for said mirrors (139.3, 139.6).
- 65) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 64, in which said flat solar ray collection mirrors (140.1, 140.2, 140.6, 140.7) are supported by a counterweights (140.3,140.4, 140.9, 140.10) which is comprised along the lower rear area of said mirrors (140.1,140.2, 140.6, 140.7), hence compensating the added weight of the actuation wires (120.8,121.5, 124.3, 126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.10, 130.4, 131.1, 132.3, 132.16, 134.4, 136.14, 136.18) of said mirrors (140.1, 140.2, 140.6, 140.7) as said mirrors (140.1, 140.2, 140.6, 140.7) are positioned higher along said tower mast structure (23.13, 120.12, 121.1,123.1), hence comprising larger or longer counterweights (140.3, 140.4, 140.9, 140.10) being comprised on said mirrors (140.1, 140.2, 140.6, 140.7) when these are comprised higher on said tower mast structure (23.13, 120.12, 121.1, 123.1).
- 66) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 65, in which said previously stated elements are made of a composite material, preferably carbon fibre reinforced plastics or glass fibre reinforced plastics, or a transparent material, preferably glass, transparent PVC or UPVC, or Plexiglas, or a plastic material, preferably UPVC, PVC,309 polyethylene or polypropylene, or a metallic material, preferably steel or an aluminium alloy, or cement, or concrete, or a ceramic material, or a combination of at least two of said materials, such that all of said systems and components of the above, are manufactured using extrusion and extrusion moulding processes, hot or cold die processing, forging, forging press processes, casting, plastic injection moulding processes, and machining processes such as milling, laser cutting or waterjet cutting processes.
- 67) A solar ray concentration system according to claims 1 to 66, in which said solar ray concentration system supplies power and/or supplies heat and/or supplies water and/or is comprised in mountainous areas, high altitude places, low altitude places, lake shores, sea shores, lakes, rivers, river sides, seas, canals, channels, canal shores, channel shores, ships, boats, submarines, trains, trucks, lorries, trailers, aircraft, air cushion ground effect vehicles, ground effect vehicles, maritime vehicles, naval vehicles, helicopters, airplanes, space planes, spacecraft, satellites, space stations, buildings, houses, factories, factory buildings, telecommunication towers, communication towers, airports, airport control towers, hospitals, tower blocks, towers, skyscrapers, quarries, mines, harbours, cranes, power stations, cooling towers, antennas, oceanographic vessels, icebreakers, offshore vessels, wind turbine offshore vessels, oil tankers, container vessels, solar thermal power generation offshore vessels, thermal power generation offshore vessels, offshore vessels, workboats, work vessels, tugs, marine vessels, oil rigs, oil rig towers, oil drilling towers, oil drilling vessels, industrial vessels, crane masts, cranes, wind turbines, wind turbine masts, signalling masts, signalling towers, railway signalling towers, railway signalling masts, traffic light masts, jack-up cranes, jack-up vessels, jack-up ships, jack-up rigs, rigs, barges, floating barges, sea barges, river barges, canal barges, railway catenary pillars, railway catenary masts, road traffic masts, road lighting masts, street lighting masts,310 pontoons, submersible pontoons, submersible barges, submersible vessels, submersible offshore vessels, bridges, bridge masts, dams, submersible wind turbine vessels, submersible solar thermal power generation vessels, desalination plants, offshore desalination plants, submersible desalination plants, semi-submersible desalination plants, semi-submersible barges, semi-submersible pontoons, semi-submersible vessels, semisubmersible offshore vessels, semi-submersible wind turbine vessels, semi-submersible solar thermal power generation vessels, icebreakers, shipyards, shipyard docks, dry docks, floating docks, semi-submersible docks, docks, harbours, ports, dockyards, airports, petrol stations, electric vehicle supply stations, space launching stations, spaceports and railway stations.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1709013.5A GB2563383A (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2017-06-06 | Solar ray concentration system for a power generation system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1709013.5A GB2563383A (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2017-06-06 | Solar ray concentration system for a power generation system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201709013D0 GB201709013D0 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
| GB2563383A true GB2563383A (en) | 2018-12-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| GB1709013.5A Withdrawn GB2563383A (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2017-06-06 | Solar ray concentration system for a power generation system |
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| GB (1) | GB2563383A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3942223A4 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2023-03-15 | Frederick Guy | An electromagnetic radiation collecting and directing device |
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| US20080092877A1 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-04-24 | James Mathew Monsebroten | Solar concentrator system |
| US20090050324A1 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2009-02-26 | Mcnelly Malcolm John | System and method of in-situ shale oil recovery utilizing an intense down-hole solar beam |
| US20120228883A1 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | California Institute Of Technology | Beam-forming concentrating solar thermal array power systems |
| US8428417B1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2013-04-23 | Glenn Arthur Hastings | Modular solar collector system and method |
| GB2525389A (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2015-10-28 | Jon Otegui Van Leeuw | Thermal solar power generation system |
| WO2015161921A1 (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2015-10-29 | Jon Otegui Van Leeuw | Thermal solar power generation system |
| EP3176518A1 (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-07 | Van Leeuw, Jon Otegui | Solar ray concentration system for a power generation system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5694774A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-12-09 | Drucker; Ernest R. | Solar energy powerplant |
| US20080092877A1 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-04-24 | James Mathew Monsebroten | Solar concentrator system |
| US20090050324A1 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2009-02-26 | Mcnelly Malcolm John | System and method of in-situ shale oil recovery utilizing an intense down-hole solar beam |
| US8428417B1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2013-04-23 | Glenn Arthur Hastings | Modular solar collector system and method |
| US20120228883A1 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | California Institute Of Technology | Beam-forming concentrating solar thermal array power systems |
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| EP3942223A4 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2023-03-15 | Frederick Guy | An electromagnetic radiation collecting and directing device |
| US11808415B2 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2023-11-07 | Frederick R. Guy | Electromagnetic radiation collecting and directing device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201709013D0 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
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| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |