GB2562068A - Low cobalt hard facing alloy - Google Patents

Low cobalt hard facing alloy Download PDF

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GB2562068A
GB2562068A GB1707019.4A GB201707019A GB2562068A GB 2562068 A GB2562068 A GB 2562068A GB 201707019 A GB201707019 A GB 201707019A GB 2562068 A GB2562068 A GB 2562068A
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percent
weight
alloy
cobalt
molybdenum
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GB2562068B (en
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Andrew Stewart David
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Rolls Royce PLC
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Rolls Royce PLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/35—Iron

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
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Abstract

A first alloy comprises by weight: 19-22 % chromium, 8.5-10.5 % nickel, 4.5-5.75 % silicon, 0.25-2.2 % carbon, 0-0.2 % nitrogen, 0.2-1.2 % cobalt, 3.0-7.0 % manganese, 0-9.0 % niobium, 0.005-0.6 % titanium and 0.3-6.0 % molybdenum, with the balance being iron and impurities. A second alloy comprises by weight: 19-22 % chromium, 8.5-10.5 % nickel, 4.5-5.75 % silicon, 0.25-2.2 % carbon, 0-0.2 % nitrogen, 0-0.2 % cobalt, 3.0-7.0 % manganese, 0-9.0 % niobium, 0.005-0.6 % titanium and 0-0.3 % molybdenum, with the balance being iron and impurities. A third alloy comprises by weight: 20-22 % chromium, 8.5-9.6 % nickel, 5.25-5.76 % silicon, 0.8-1.3 % carbon, 0-0.2 % nitrogen, 1.0-1.2 % cobalt, 3.0-7.0 % manganese, 4.0-6.0 % niobium, 0.3-0.6 % titanium and 4.0-6.0 % molybdenum, with the balance being iron and impurities. The impurities can be 0-0.03 % phosphorous and 0-0.03 % sulphur. The alloys can be processed by hot isostatic pressing, casting, welding or be used to coat an article. The low cobalt content makes the alloy suitable for use in nuclear reactors, particularly steam generating plant therefor.

Description

(54) Title of the Invention: Low cobalt hard facing alloy
Abstract Title: Chromium-nickel-silicon-carbon-manganese stainless steels (57) A first alloy comprises by weight: 19-22 % chromium, 8.5-10.5 % nickel, 4.5-5.75 % silicon, 0.25-2.2 % carbon, 0-0.2 % nitrogen, 0.2-1.2 % cobalt, 3.0-7.0 % manganese, 0-9.0 % niobium, 0.005-0.6 % titanium and 0.3-6.0 % molybdenum, with the balance being iron and impurities. A second alloy comprises by weight: 19-22 % chromium, 8.5-10.5 % nickel, 4.5-5.75 % silicon, 0.25-2.2 % carbon, 0-0.2 % nitrogen, 0-0.2 % cobalt, 3.0-7.0 % manganese, 0-9.0 % niobium, 0.005-0.6 % titanium and 0-0.3 % molybdenum, with the balance being iron and impurities. A third alloy comprises by weight: 20-22 % chromium, 8.5-9.6 % nickel, 5.25-5.76 % silicon, 0.8-1.3 % carbon, 0-0.2 % nitrogen, 1.0-1.2 % cobalt, 3.0-7.0 % manganese, 4.0-6.0 % niobium, 0.3-0.6 % titanium and 4.0-6.0 % molybdenum, with the balance being iron and impurities. The impurities can be 0-0.03 % phosphorous and 0-0.03 % sulphur. The alloys can be processed by hot isostatic pressing, casting, welding or be used to coat an article.
The low cobalt content makes the alloy suitable for use in nuclear reactors, particularly steam generating plant therefor.
Low Cobalt hard facing alloy
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to steel alloys and particularly a chromium nickel silicon stainless steel alloy with low cobalt that may be suited for use in nuclear reactors, particularly in the components used in the steam generating plant of nuclear reactors.
Background of the Invention
Traditionally, cobalt-based alloys, including Stellite™ alloys, have been used for wear-based applications including, for example, in nuclear power applications. The alloys may be used to both form components or to provide hard-facing where harder or tougher material is applied to a base metal or substrate.
It is common for hard-facing to be applied to a new part during production to increase its wear resistance. Alternatively, hard-facing may be used to restore a worn surface. Extensive work in research has resulted in the development of a wide range of alloys and manufacturing procedures dependent on the properties and/ or characteristics of the required application.
Within the nuclear industry the presence of cobalt within an alloy gives rise to the potential for the cobalt to activate within a neutron flux to result in the radioisotope cobalt-60 which has a long half-life. This makes the use of cobalt undesirable for alloys used in this industry. The cobalt may be released as the alloy wears through various processes, one of which is galling that is caused by adhesion between sliding surfaces caused by a combination of friction and adhesion between the surfaces, followed by slipping and tearing of crystal structure beneath the surface. This will generally leave some material stuck or even friction welded to the adjacent surface, whereas the galled material may appear gouged with balled-up or torn lumps of material stuck to its surface.
Replacements for Stellite have been developed by the industry with low or nil cobalt quantities. Exemplary alloys are detailed in the table below:
Alloy Cr C Nb Nb+Va Ni Si Fe Co Ti
GB2167088 15-25 1-3 5-15 5-15 2.7-5.6 Bal Nil Nil
T5183 19-22 1.8-2.2 6.5-8.0 8.5- 10.5 4.5-5.25 Bal 0.2 Trace
US5660939 19-22 1.7-2.0 8.0-9.0 8.5- 10.5 5.25-5.75 Bal 0.2 0.3- 0.7
In GB2167088 niobium is provided, but always with the presence of vanadium, which prevents the chromium from combining with the carbon and weakening the matrix. The vanadium also acts as a grain refiner within the wholly austenitic alloy that helps the keep the size of the grains within the alloy within an acceptable range.
The alloys of US5660939 modified the alloy of T5183 by the deliberate addition of titanium and by increasing the amounts of niobium and silicon. The controlled additions of titanium, niobium and silicon alter the structure of the steel to provide a duplex auszenitic I ferritic microstructure which undergoes secondary hardening due to the formation of an iron silicon intermetallic phase.
Further hardening is achievable by hot isostatic pressing (HIPPING) of the stainless steel alloy when in powder form where secondary hardening occurs within the ferritic phase of the duplex microstructure.
The niobium provides a preferential carbide former over chromium, enabling high chromium levels to be maintained within the matrix so as to give good corrosion performance. Low cobalt based alloys, or cobalt alloy replacements, typically comprise significant quantities of carbide forming elements which can form alloys with hardness values in excess of 500Hv. As with traditional Stellite alloys, the high levels of hardness observed can make machining difficult, resulting in poor mechanical properties for, for example, ductility, fracture toughness, impact resistance and workability. Additionally, the cost of using such alloys is high due to the need for special treatments and/ or precision casting or other near net shape manufacturing methods to limit further machining.
Accordingly, it would therefore be advantageous to provide an alloy without the aforementioned disadvantages.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention accordingly provides, in a first aspect, an alloy comprising essentially of 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 percent by weight nickel, 4.5 to 5.75 percent by weight silicon, 0.25 to 2.2 percent by weight carbon, 0.2 to 1.2 percent by weight cobalt, 3.0 to 7.0 percent by weight manganese, 0.0 to 9.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.005 to 0.6 percent by weight titanium, 0.3 to 6.0 percent by weight molybdenum, and the balance iron plus impurities.
The impurities may consist of 0 to 0.2 percent by weight cobalt, 0 to 0.3 percent by weight molybdenum, 0 to 0.03 percent by weight phosphor, 0 to 0.03 percent by weight sulphur.
The alloy may comprises 0.8 to 1.2 percent by weight carbon.
The alloy may comprises 1.7 to 2.2 percent by weight carbon.
The alloy may comprises 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight molybdenum.
The alloy may comprises 4.0 to 6.0 percent by weight molybdenum.
The alloy may comprise essentially of 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 percent by weight nickel, 4.5 to 5.25 percent by weight silicon, 1.8 to 2.2 percent by weight carbon, 0.2 to 0.4 percent by weight cobalt, 3.0 to 7.0 percent by weight manganese, 6.5 to 8.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.005 to 0.05 percent by weight titanium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight molybdenum, and the balance iron plus impurities.
The alloy may comprise essentially of 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 percent by weight nickel, 5.25 to 5.75 percent by weight silicon, 1.7 to 2.0 percent by weight carbon, 0.2 to 0.4 percent by weight cobalt, 3.0 to 7.0 percent by weight manganese, 8.0 to 9.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight titanium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight molybdenum, and the balance iron plus impurities.
The alloy may comprise essentially of 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 9.5 percent by weight nickel, 5.25 to 5.75 percent by weight silicon, 0.8 to 1.2 percent by weight carbon, 0.2 to 0.4 percent by weight cobalt, 3.0 to 7.0 percent by weight manganese, 4.0 to 6.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight titanium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight molybdenum, and the balance iron plus impurities.
The alloy may comprise essentially of 20 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 9.6 percent by weight nickel, 5.25 to 5.76 percent by weight silicon, 0.8 to 1.3 percent by weight carbon, 1.0 to 1.2 percent by weight cobalt, 3.0 to 7.0 percent by weight manganese, 4.0 to 6.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.3 to 0.6 percent by weight titanium, 4.0 to 6.0 percent by weight molybdenum, and the balance iron plus impurities.
The alloy may be in powder form which is consolidated in a hot isostatic press.
The alloy may be applied to an article to provide a coating on the article. The coating may be hard faced or welded onto the article.
The alloy may be used in a steam generating plant. The steam may be generated through a nuclear reaction.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
The improved alloys described here have been developed having 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 percent by weight nickel, 4.5 to 5.75 percent by weight silicon, 0.25 to 2.2 percent by weight carbon, 0.2 to 1.2 percent by weight cobalt, 3.0 to 7.0 percent by weight manganese, 0.0 to 9.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.0 to 0.2 wt% nitrogen, 0.005 to 0.6 percent by weight titanium, 0.3 to 6.0 percent by weight molybdenum, and the balance iron plus impurities.
The impurities may be up to 0.2 wt% cobalt, up to 0.3 wt% molybdenum, up to 0.03wt% phosphor, up to 0.03wt% sulphur.
The new alloy has an acceptable galling resistance as carbides will be formed, and the matrix continues to have a duplex austenitic / ferritic microstructure which undergoes secondary hardening due to the formation of an iron silicon intermetallic phase. The added nitrogen may further improve the galling resistance of the austenite phase.
Although carbides continue to be formed the alloy has a resultant lover overall carbide caused, in part, by the weight percentage content of niobium and carbon that give an alloy with an acceptable hardness but greater ductility and toughness. This improvement in ductility opens up the range of range of applications where consideration to shock events has to be considered as well as the overall wear resistance requirement.
The manganese increases the hardenability of the alloy and, in conjunction with the carbide formation, further increases the galling resistance of the alloy. The silicon helps the alloy retain a duplex microstructure.

Claims (14)

Claims
1. An alloy comprising essentially of 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 percent by weight nickel, 4.5 to 5.75 percent by weight silicon, 0.25 to 2.2 percent by weight carbon, 0.0 to 0.2 percent by weight nitrogen, 0.2 to 1.2 percent by weight cobalt, 3.0 to 7.0 percent by weight manganese, 0.0 to 9.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.005 to 0.6 percent by weight titanium, 0.3 to 6.0 percent by weight molybdenum, and the balance iron plus impurities.
2. An alloy according to claim 1 wherein the impurities consist of 0 to 0.2 percent by weight cobalt, 0 to 0.3 percent by weight molybdenum, 0 to 0.03 percent by weight phosphor, 0 to 0.03 percent by weight sulphur.
3. An alloy according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alloy comprises 0.8 to 2.2 percent by weight carbon, or 0.8 to 1.2 percent by weight carbon.
4. An alloy according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alloy comprises 1.7 to 2.2 percent by weight carbon.
5. An alloy according to any of claim 1 to claim 4 wherein the alloy comprises 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight molybdenum.
6. An alloy according to any of claim 1 to claim 4 wherein the alloy comprises 4.0 to 6.0 percent by weight molybdenum.
7. An alloy according to claim 1 or claim 2 comprising essentially of 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 percent by weight nickel, 4.5 to 5.25 percent by weight silicon, 1.8 to 2.2 percent by weight carbon, 0.0 to 0.2 percent by weight nitrogen, 0.2 to 0.4 percent by weight cobalt,
3.0 to 7.0 percent by weight manganese, 6.5 to 8.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.005 to 0.05 percent by weight titanium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight molybdenum, and the balance iron plus impurities.
8. An alloy according to claim 1 or claim 2 comprising essentially of 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 percent by weight nickel, 5.25 to 5.75 percent by weight silicon, 1.7 to 2.0 percent by weight carbon, 0.0 to 0.2 percent by weight nitrogen, 0.2 to 0.4 percent by weight cobalt,
3.0 to 7.0 percent by weight manganese, 8.0 to 9.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight titanium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight molybdenum, and the balance iron plus impurities.
9. An alloy according to claim 1 or claim 2 comprising essentially of 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 9.5 percent by weight nickel, 5.25 to 5.75 percent by weight silicon, 0.8 to 1.2 percent by weight carbon, 0.0 to 0.2 percent by weight nitrogen, 0.2 to 0.4 percent by weight cobalt,
3.0 to 7.0 percent by weight manganese, 4.0 to 6.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight titanium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight molybdenum, and the balance iron plus impurities.
10. An alloy according to claim 1 or claim 2 comprising essentially of 20 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 9.6 percent by weight nickel, 5.25 to 5.76 percent by weight silicon, 0.8 to 1.3 percent by weight carbon, 0.0 to 0.2 percent by weight nitrogen, 1.0 to 1.2 percent by weight cobalt,
3.0 to 7.0 percent by weight manganese, 4.0 to 6.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.3 to 0.6 percent by weight titanium, 4.0 to 6.0 percent by weight molybdenum, and the balance iron plus impurities.
11. An alloy as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the alloy has been hot isostatically pressed.
12. An alloy as claimed in any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the alloy has been cast or welded
13. An article comprising an alloy as claimed in any preceding claim.
14. An article having a coating comprising an alloy as claimed in any of claims 1 to 10.
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GB 1707019.4 1,3, 4, & 6-14
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Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB232656A (en) * 1923-12-27 1925-04-27 Robert Abbott Hadfield Improvements in or relating to alloys

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