GB2543409A - Acoustic sensor having a diaphragm and an electroacoustic transducer - Google Patents

Acoustic sensor having a diaphragm and an electroacoustic transducer Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2543409A
GB2543409A GB1615806.5A GB201615806A GB2543409A GB 2543409 A GB2543409 A GB 2543409A GB 201615806 A GB201615806 A GB 201615806A GB 2543409 A GB2543409 A GB 2543409A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
electroacoustic transducer
acoustic sensor
centre
gravity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB1615806.5A
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GB201615806D0 (en
GB2543409B (en
Inventor
Karl Matthias
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of GB201615806D0 publication Critical patent/GB201615806D0/en
Publication of GB2543409A publication Critical patent/GB2543409A/en
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Publication of GB2543409B publication Critical patent/GB2543409B/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/521—Constructional features
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2015/937—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles sensor installation details
    • G01S2015/938—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles sensor installation details in the bumper area

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Abstract

The acoustic transducer 1 comprises a diaphragm 2 having two mutually opposing surfaces which is configured to vibrate in an operating frequency of the acoustic sensor 1. One electroacoustic driver 3 is disposed on one of the opposing surfaces of the diaphragm 2 and converts an electric signal into a mechanical vibration in order to induce the diaphragm 2 to vibrate in the operating frequency. The centre of gravity (SP2) of the single electroacoustic transducer 3 is located remote from a centre of gravity (SP1) of the diaphragm 2. The thickness of the diaphragm may vary across its area (fig 4). The arrangement is said to make shaping the directivity of the transducer easier.

Description

Description
Title
Acoustic sensor having a diaphragm and an electroacoustic transducer
Related art
This invention relates to an acoustic sensor having a diaphragm and an electroacoustic transducer.
With regard to acoustic sensors, especially ultrasonic sensors used in automotive engineering, it is often necessary when mounting the acoustic sensor to position a sound-reflecting surface of the acoustic sensor at a specific angle relative to an adjoining surface of a vehicle component in order to detect a few areas in a region surrounding a vehicle. This is necessary because acoustic sensors typically have a symmetrical directional characteristic and their main direction of radiation is perpendicular to the diaphragm plane . In the case of a round diaphragm, the directional characteristic is typically rotationally symmetrical with a uniform opening angle of 30 degrees about a main axis of the directional characteristic .
When positioning acoustic sensors on a vehicle, conflicts often arise between a required positioning and orientation of the acoustic sensors in order to detect all the relevant areas of the region surrounding the vehicle and available options in terms of positioning the acoustic sensors to take account of visually aesthetic aspects as well as functional aspects, such as the aerodynamics of the vehicle, for example .
It is therefore desirable to devise an acoustic sensor, of which the main axis of the directional characteristic is not perpendicular to the sound-reflecting surface, in other words the diaphragm of the acoustic sensor.
Ultrasonic sensors in which a directional characteristic is influenced by a diaphragm shape are known from DEI9614885C1, DE10138892A1 and DE10138892A1.
Summary of the invention
The acoustic sensor proposed by the invention comprises a diaphragm having two mutually opposing surfaces which is configured to vibrate in an operating frequency of the acoustic sensor, precisely one electroacoustic transducer disposed on one of the opposing surfaces of the diaphragm and configured to convert an electric signal into a mechanical vibration in order to induce the diaphragm to vibrate in the operating frequency, a centre of gravity of the precisely one electroacoustic transducer being disposed remote from a centre of gravity of the diaphragm.
Accordingly, an acoustic sensor is proposed, the diaphragm of which forms an almost flat surface on at least one side, which can be flush-mounted in a vehicle contour. Amain axis of a directional characteristic of the acoustic sensor is oriented not perpendicular to the diaphragm but in a predefined direction. This offers a simple way of enabling a sound-reflecting direction of the acoustic sensor to be modified. Accordingly, an acoustic sensor is proposed which enables a high degree of freedom when selecting a point at which this acoustic sensor is mounted on a vehicle.
The dependent claims define preferred embodiments of the invention.
The diaphragm preferably has a thickness between the opposing surfaces which decreases at an increasing distance from the electroacoustic transducer. In other words, the diaphragm is at its thickest point in a region in which the electroacoustic transducer is disposed. Aparticularly flat angle can therefore be obtained between a main axis of the directional characteristic of the acoustic sensor and the diaphragm.
At the same time, resistance of the diaphragm to vibration is minimised and damping of the diaphragm thus kept low. This therefore results in a particularly efficient acoustic sensor.
It is also of advantage if the diaphragm has a different thickness in a region on which the electroacoustic transducer is disposed than in the regions adjoining the electroacoustic transducer. This offers a simple way of optimising a resonance frequency of the diaphragm.
It is likewise of advantage if the diaphragm is thinner in a region on which the centre of gravity of the electroacoustic transducer is disposed than in a region on which a peripheral region of the electroacoustic transducer is disposed. This guarantees a high ability of the electroacoustic transducer to move when it is induced to vibrate. Damping is therefore minimised and a particularly efficient acoustic sensor is obtained.
It is also of advantage if the electroacoustic transducer lies on the diaphragm in its peripheral region and is spaced at a distance from the diaphragm in the region underneath the centre of gravity of the electroacoustic transducer. As a result, there is a depression in the diaphragm which is located underneath the electroacoustic transducer. This enables optimum transmission of a vibration of the electroacoustic transducer to the diaphragm to be obtained. The vibration of the electroacoustic transducer is barely damped and enables efficient vibration of the diaphragm.
It is also of advantage if the centre of gravity of the surface of the diaphragm is a centre of an area of the diaphragm. The fact that a surface of the diaphragm is decisive for the acoustic signal radiated by the acoustic sensor thus enables a directional characteristic of the acoustic sensor to be influenced in a particularly specific way.
It is likewise of advantage if the centre of gravity of the surface of the diaphragm is a centre of mass of the diaphragm. Since vibration properties of the diaphragm, in particular its resonance frequency, are dependent on a mass of the diaphragm and its distribution, a specifically targeted influence on the directional characteristic of the acoustic sensor can be guaranteed.
If the diaphragm has a constant thickness, a centre of area of the diaphragm corresponds to a centre of mass of the diaphragm.
It is also of advantage if the centre of gravity of the surface of the diaphragm lies outside an area in which a surface of the electroacoustic transducer lies on the diaphragm. In other words, the centre of gravity of the diaphragm lies remote from the electroacoustic transducer. The directional characteristic of the acoustic sensor is therefore influenced to a particularly pronounced degree.
It is also of advantage if the surface of the diaphragm is asymmetrical relative to an axis of symmetry and/or a point of symmetry. This enables a particularly flat angle to be obtained between a main axis of the directional characteristic of the acoustic sensor and the diaphragm.
It is also of advantage if a surface of the electroacoustic transducer lying on the diaphragm is asymmetrical relative to an axis of symmetry and/or a point of symmetry. This enables a particularly flat angle to be obtained between a main axis of the directional characteristic of the acoustic sensor and the diaphragm.
It is also of advantage if the acoustic sensor is an ultrasonic sensor suitable for applications in the automotive sector. Precisely in this sector, high demands are made on the visual appearance of ultrasonic sensors, which are very much satisfied by the sensor proposed by the invention.
Possible arrangements of electroacoustic transducers on a diaphragm are known from DE19614885C1, DE4120681A1, DE10138892A1 and DE102010027780A1.
Brief description of the drawings
Examples of embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Of these :
Figure 1 is a cross-section through an acoustic sensor based on a first embodiment of the invention,
Figure 2 is a plan view of the acoustic sensor based on the first embodiment of the invention,
Figure 3 is a plan view of an acoustic sensor based on a second embodiment of the invention, and
Figure 4 is a cross-section through a diaphragm and an electroacoustic transducer of an acoustic sensor based on a third embodiment of the invention.
Embodiments of the invention
Figure 1 shows a cross-section through an acoustic sensor 1 based on a first embodiment of the invention. The acoustic sensor 1 comprises a housing 4 and an electroacoustic transducer 3. The housing 4 comprises a diaphragm 2.
The housing 4 has the shape of a pot. The diaphragm 2 is a base of the pot. The diaphragm 2 has two mutually opposing surfaces 2a, 2b. The opposing surfaces 2a, 2b are an internally lying surface 2a and an externally lying surface 2b. The internally lying surface thus lies in an interior of the housing 4, i.e. in the pot, and the external surface 2b lies on an external face of the housing 4. The opposing surfaces 2a, 2b are identical in terms of their outer extent.
In this first embodiment, the housing 4 and diaphragm 2 are integrally formed. A proportion of the housing 4 forming the diaphragm 2 is correspondingly thin and made from a flexible material, thereby enabling the diaphragm 2 to vibrate. A thickness of the diaphragm, i.e. a distance between the opposing surfaces 2a, 2b, is selected such that the diaphragm 2 vibrates in an operating frequency of the acoustic sensor 1 when the latter is excited by the electroacoustic transducer 3.
The electroacoustic transducer 3 is disposed on one of the opposing surfaces 2a, 2b of the diaphragm 2. In the acoustic sensor 1 illustrated in this first embodiment, the electroacoustic transducer 3 is disposed on the internally lying surface 2a. It therefore lies in the interior of the housing 4.
The electroacoustic transducer 3 is configured to convert an electric signal into a mechanical vibration in order to induce vibration of the diaphragm 2 in the operating frequency. The electroacoustic transducer 3 is an oscillating U-tube or a thickness resonator. The electric signal is a high-frequency alternating voltage which is applied to the electroacoustic transducer 3 by means of an electronic system, which is not illustrated in Figure 1. The electroacoustic transducer 3 is either connected to the diaphragm 2 or sits in loose contact with the latter. When the electroacoustic transducer 3 is induced to vibrate mechanically by the electric signal, this vibration is transmitted to the diaphragm 2 and induces it to vibrate in the corresponding operating frequency.
Figure 2 is a plan view illustrating the acoustic sensor 1 based on the first embodiment. This plan view in Figure 2 is selected so as to provide a view into the pot-shaped housing 4. As may now be seen, the inner surface 2a extends farther in a first direction than in a second direction. The first direction extends from top to bottom in Figure 2. The second direction extends from left to right in Figure 2. The housing 4 has a circular external circumference and an internal circumference corresponding to the external circumference of the diaphragm 2.
In this first embodiment, the diaphragm 2 has a constant thickness. Accordingly, a distance between opposing surfaces 2a, 2b is identical in every area of the diaphragm. Consequently, a centre of gravity SP1 of surface 2a of the diaphragm 2 lies at a centre of the surface 2a of diaphragm 2. This centre of gravity SP1 of the diaphragm is both a centre of area and a centre of mass of the diaphragm 2.
The electroacoustic transducer 3 has the shape of a circular disc. This circular disc lies with one of its circular planar surfaces on the diaphragm 2. A centre of gravity SP2 of the electroacoustic transducer 3 is therefore a centre point of this circular surface of the electroacoustic transducer 3. A position of the electroacoustic transducer 3 on the diaphragm 2 is selected so that the centre of gravity SP2 of the electroacoustic transducer 3 does not lie directly above the centre of gravity SP1 of surface 2a of the diaphragm 2 when these elements are seen in a plan view onto the internally lying surface 2a of the diaphragm 2. In other words, a vertical axis which is perpendicular to one of the surfaces of diaphragm 2 and extends through its centre of gravity SP1 and a vertical axis which is perpendicular to one of the surfaces of the electroacoustic transducer 3 and extends through its centre of gravity SP2 do not lie one above the other.
The centre of gravity SP2 of the electroacoustic transducer 3 is therefore disposed remote from the centre of gravity SP1 of surface 2a of the diaphragm 2.
Only the electroacoustic transducer 3 is disposed on the diaphragm 2 and no other electroacoustic transducer. Accordingly, precisely one electroacoustic transducer 3 is disposed on the diaphragm 2.
Figure 3 is a plan view illustrating an acoustic sensor 1 based on a second embodiment of the invention. The second embodiment of the invention essentially corresponds to the first embodiment of the invention. In this second embodiment, however, the electroacoustic transducer 3 is provided in the form of an elliptical disc. Furthermore, the centre of gravity SP2 of the electroacoustic transducer 3 is offset from the centre of gravity SP1 of surface 2a of the diaphragm 2 such that the diaphragm 2 and the electroacoustic transducer 3 do not have an axis of symmetry on their planar surfaces when seen together in a plan view.
In this instance, the centre of gravity SP1 of surface 2a of the diaphragm 2 lies outside an area in which a surface of the electroacoustic transducer 3 lies on the diaphragm 2. This means that the centre of gravity SP1 of surface 2a of the diaphragm 2 lies outside of an external contour of the electroacoustic transducer 3.
Since the diaphragm 2 in the second embodiment also has a constant thickness, a centre of an area of the diaphragm corresponds to a centre of mass of the diaphragm. This is not necessarily the case if the diaphragm 2 has a varying thickness .
Figure 4 shows a cross-section through a diaphragm 2 and an electroacoustic transducer 3 of an acoustic sensor 1 in a third embodiment. The third embodiment essentially corresponds to the first and second embodiments. In this third embodiment, however, the diaphragm 2 has a thickness between the opposing surfaces 2a, 2b which decreases at an increasing distance from the electroacoustic transducer 3.
To this end, the diaphragm 2 has a first thickness dl at its external contour. In a region in which an external contour of the electroacoustic transducer 3 lies on the diaphragm 2, the diaphragm 2 has a thickness d2. In the regions between the outer edge of the diaphragm 2 and the outer edge of the electroacoustic transducer 3, the thickness of the diaphragm 2 decreases continuously, starting from the electroacoustic transducer 3 and the second thickness d2. Since the electroacoustic transducer 3 is not disposed at a centre of the diaphragm 2, the diaphragm has a different pitch depending on a distance between the external contour of the electroacoustic transducer 3 and the external contour of the diaphragm 2. A depression 6 is disposed in the diaphragm 2 in a contact region 5 in which the electroacoustic transducer 3 is disposed on the diaphragm 2, i.e. underneath the electroacoustic transducer 3. In this respect, a diameter of the depression 6 is selected so as to be smaller than a diameter of the planar surface of the electroacoustic transducer 3. The depression 6 is therefore completely covered by the electroacoustic transducer 3. Due to the depression 6, the diaphragm 2 is thinner in a region on which the centre of gravity SP2 of the electroacoustic transducer 3 is disposed, i.e. at its centre, than in a region on which the peripheral region of the electroacoustic transducer 3 is disposed on the diaphragm 2. The peripheral region of the electroacoustic transducer 3 is an external contour of the electroacoustic transducer 3.
Since the diaphragm 2 has the depression 6 in the region of the electroacoustic transducer 3 but the surface of the electroacoustic transducer 3 disposed on sides of the diaphragm 2 is a planar surface, the electroacoustic transducer 3 lies on the diaphragm 2 in its peripheral region only, and is disposed at a distance from the diaphragm 2 in the region around the centre of gravity SP2 of the electroacoustic transducer 3. When the electroacoustic transducer 3 is induced to vibrate, it is able to vibrate freely in the region of its centre of gravity SP2 without colliding with the diaphragm 2.
In other embodiments of the invention which are not illustrated in the drawings, the surfaces 2a, 2b of the diaphragm 2 are asymmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry and/or a point of symmetry. In this instance, a contour of the diaphragm 2 may be freely selected as long as it results in an asymmetrical shape of the diaphragm. One example of this might be to provide recesses at an external contour of the diaphragm, formed in the diaphragm 2 at irregular distances. The shape of a non-equilateral triangle for the contour of the diaphragm 2 would also result in an asymmetrical diaphragm 2, for example. A surface of the electroacoustic transducer 3 lying on the diaphragm 2 may also be selected so as to be asymmetrical relative to an axis of symmetry and/or point of symmetry. Here too, any shape may be selected for a contour of the surface of the electroacoustic transducer 3 . As an example of this, recesses might be provided at an outer contour of the electroacoustic transducer 3, formed in the electroacoustic transducer 3 at irregular distances. The shape of a non-equilateral triangle for the contour of the electroacoustic transducer 3 would also result in an asymmetrical electroacoustic transducer 3, for example.
Orifices, structures, protuberances or depressions may also be provided in a surface of the diaphragm 2 or electroacoustic transducer 3 as asymmetrical elements.
Providing such an asymmetrical surface 2a of the diaphragm 2 and/or electroacoustic transducer 3 in particular enables a radiation characteristic of the acoustic sensor 1 to be finely adapted.
In addition to the disclosure given above, reference is explicitly made to the disclosures of Figures 1 to 4.

Claims (10)

Claims
1. Acoustic sensor (1), comprising: a diaphragm (2) having two mutually opposing surfaces (2a, 2b) which is configured to vibrate in an operating frequency of the acoustic sensor (1) , precisely one electroacoustic transducer (3) which is disposed on one of the opposing surfaces (2a) of the diaphragm (2) and configured to convert an electric signal into a mechanical vibration in order to induce the diaphragm (2) to vibrate in the operating frequency, a centre of gravity (SP2) of the precisely one electroacoustic transducer (3) being disposed remote from a centre of gravity (SP1) of the diaphragm (2).
2. Acoustic sensor as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the diaphragm (2) has a thickness between the opposing surfaces (2a, 2b) which decreases at an increasing distance from the electroacoustic transducer (3).
3. Acoustic sensor as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in a region on which the electroacoustic transducer (3) is disposed, the diaphragm (2) has a different thickness than in the regions adjoining the electroacoustic transducer (3) .
4. Acoustic sensor as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in the region on which the centre of gravity (SP2) of the electroacoustic transducer (3) is disposed, the diaphragm (2) is thinner than in a region on which a peripheral region of the electroacoustic transducer (3) is disposed.
5. Acoustic sensor as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that in its peripheral region the electroacoustic transducer (3) lies on the diaphragm (2) and in the region around the centre of gravity (SP2) of the electroacoustic transducer (3), is disposed at a distance from the diaphragm (2).
6. Acoustic sensor as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the centre of gravity (SP1) of surface (2a) of the diaphragm (2) is a centre of the area of the diaphragm.
7. Acoustic sensor as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the centre of gravity (SP1) of surface (2a) of the diaphragm (2) is a centre of mass of the diaphragm (2).
8. Acoustic sensor as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the centre of gravity (SPl) of surface (2a) of the diaphragm (2) lies outside an area in which a surface of the electroacoustic transducer (3) lies on the diaphragm (2).
9. Acoustic sensor as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that surface (2a) of the diaphragm (2) is asymmetrical relative to an axis of symmetry and/or a point of symmetry.
10. Acoustic sensor as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a surface of the electroacoustic transducer (3) which lies on the diaphragm (2) is asymmetrical relative to an axis of symmetry and/or a point of symmetry.
GB1615806.5A 2015-09-17 2016-09-16 Acoustic sensor having a diaphragm and an electroacoustic transducer Active GB2543409B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015217778.5A DE102015217778B4 (en) 2015-09-17 2015-09-17 Acoustic sensor with a membrane and an electroacoustic transducer

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201615806D0 GB201615806D0 (en) 2016-11-02
GB2543409A true GB2543409A (en) 2017-04-19
GB2543409B GB2543409B (en) 2021-08-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1615806.5A Active GB2543409B (en) 2015-09-17 2016-09-16 Acoustic sensor having a diaphragm and an electroacoustic transducer

Country Status (3)

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DE (1) DE102015217778B4 (en)
FR (1) FR3041496B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2543409B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018106333A1 (en) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-19 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA Sensor device for detecting sound, in particular for detecting structure-borne noise on a vehicle
DE102023102541A1 (en) 2023-02-02 2024-08-08 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Ultrasonic sensor and ultrasonic sensor system for a motor vehicle

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JPS58199000A (en) * 1982-05-17 1983-11-19 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Dynamic loud speaker
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GB1369928A (en) * 1971-06-08 1974-10-09 Bertagni J J Diaphragms for sound transducers
US3779336A (en) * 1972-06-27 1973-12-18 J Bertagni Diaphragm for sound transducers, method and apparatus for manufacturing it
JPS58199000A (en) * 1982-05-17 1983-11-19 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Dynamic loud speaker
JPS58221597A (en) * 1982-06-17 1983-12-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Dynamic loud speaker
WO1997009842A2 (en) * 1995-09-02 1997-03-13 New Transducers Limited Acoustic device
WO1997009844A1 (en) * 1995-09-02 1997-03-13 New Transducers Ltd. Passenger vehicles incorporating loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements
WO1998039947A1 (en) * 1997-03-04 1998-09-11 New Transducers Limited Acoustic device
WO2000002417A1 (en) * 1998-07-03 2000-01-13 New Transducers Limited Resonant panel-form loudspeaker
WO2000015000A1 (en) * 1998-09-02 2000-03-16 New Transducers Limited Panel form acoustic apparatus using bending waves modes
GB2351200A (en) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-20 Nec Corp Off-centre or multipoint driven panel loudspeaker
WO2001054450A2 (en) * 2000-01-24 2001-07-26 New Transducers Limited Transducer in particularly for use in acoustic devices
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US20140238135A1 (en) * 2010-04-15 2014-08-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for controlling an ultrasonic sensor and ultrasonic sensor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3041496A1 (en) 2017-03-24
FR3041496B1 (en) 2020-02-28
GB201615806D0 (en) 2016-11-02
DE102015217778A1 (en) 2017-03-23
DE102015217778B4 (en) 2019-05-29
GB2543409B (en) 2021-08-11

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